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The deposit insurance market is an essential subsystem of Ukraine’s financial infrastructure. The study aims to evaluate the development of deposit insurance in Ukraine based on the depth of deposit insurance, the implementation of the deposit guarantee function, the activity of the banking system and to identify their impact on the development of deposit insurance at various stages.To determine the periods of deposit insurance in Ukraine, it was proposed to use the methodological toolkit of cluster analysis, having carried out the following stages: selecting input-defining features, variable standardization, applying the Ward procedure for the formation of clusters-periods, and financial and analytical interpretation of the results and characteristics of the periods obtained. Approbation of the proposed scientific and systematic approach allowed drawing conclusions regarding four stages of the development of deposit insurance in Ukraine from 2005–2020: completion of the formation (2005–2007), formedness and activity (2008–2013), performance under pressure (2014–2016), stabilization (2017–2020). While the first two stages, completion of formation and formedness and activity, were followed by a synchronous and slight increase in the level of the depth of the insurance system, the implementation of the deposit guarantee function and the activity of the banking system, the period of performance under pressure and the stabilization period demonstrated a desynchronization between the components.The completion of the formation of deposit insurance (2005−2007) was followed by a synchronous and slight increase in the level of the depth of the insurance system, the implementation of the deposit guarantee function and the activity of the banking system. AcknowledgmentAlina Bukhtiarova gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (0120U100473). We are thankful to the Czech government support provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, which allowed this scientific cooperation to start within the project “Enhancement of the PhD Students Potential For Qualitative Research In Ukraine”.

This study investigates the impact of the 'Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)' on the 'financial inclusion' of women SHGs in Pune district's 'Public Sector Banks (PSU banks)', specifically examining savings and investment opportunities, credit access, and insurance services. The objectives of the study are to assess differences in these aspects between PMJDY account holders and ordinary account holders among women SHGs and to provide recommendations for enhancing 'financial inclusion' initiatives. The research methodology employs a quantitative approach, with primary data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 20 PMJDY account holders and 20 ordinary account holders among women SHGs in PSU banks. Descriptive analysis, including 'mean' and standard deviation calculations, is conducted to examine the distribution of responses. 'Independent Sample T-tests' are employed to compare the differences between the two groups. The results indicate significant disparities in savings and investment opportunities, credit access, and insurance services between PMJDY account holders and ordinary account holders among women SHGs. PMJDY account holders exhibit higher levels of savings and investment opportunities and better access to insurance services compared to ordinary account holders. However, they experience relatively poorer access to credit, highlighting an area for improvement in 'financial inclusion' efforts. Based on these findings, recommendations are proposed to enhance 'financial inclusion' initiatives for women SHGs in Pune district's PSU banks. These include targeted awareness campaigns to promote PMJDY account ownership, streamlining credit application processes, and expanding the range of insurance products available to women SHGs. Additionally, financial literacy and training programs tailored to the specific needs of women SHGs can empower them to make informed financial decisions and improve their economic resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The increasing frequency and intensity of catastrophic natural disasters have the potential to stress and imperil banks to the point of compromised viability or even bankruptcy. Using data of approximately 907 domestic/local banks and Spatial Hazard Events and Losses Database for the United States during the period 2010–2019, we explore how natural disasters impact bank stability. Our main findings support the aforementioned hypothesis that natural disasters decrease bank stability because total deposit and equity (capital) become more volatile and the bank is prone to increased lending margins, as well as a provision of loan loss. Thus, banks lose their competitiveness, ROA deteriorates, and Z-score becomes lower. Strong corporate governance and healthy financial strategy, nevertheless, assist bank recovery in the aftermath of these weather extreme events. Last but not least, we find a non-linear relationship between natural disasters and bank stability and posit the role of indemnity paid out from the Federal insurance programme (after natural hazards) in the high-damage group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banks play an important role in channeling funds (about $6-10tn annually) to finance productive investment opportunities. While accepting some interest rate risk is inherent in the banking business, excessive interest rate risk can pose a significant threat to banks' earnings and capital adequacy. [Extracted from the article]

This study compares ASEAN and EU banking efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and an intermediary approach. Three input variables (staff expense, fixed assets, total customer deposits) and two output variables (loans to customer and operating income other than interest) are analyzed using RStudio and R. EU and ASEAN banks had efficiency scores of 0.7 and 0.65, respectively, showing opportunity for improvement. Based on cost analyses, ASEAN banks are more efficient than their EU counterparts. Inefficiencies occur when output surpasses input or is much lower than another output variable. However, both regions may improve banking efficiency to do better. The 10-year trends exhibit oscillations, showing that regulatory issues affect banking efficiency. Stricter laws, higher capital requirements, and risk management changes may have hampered ASEAN credit. The dynamics and objectives of the EU and ASEAN economic blocs shape their financial systems. ASEAN is working toward regulatory convergence, while the EU has integrated and harmonized more. To maintain a stable and efficient financial industry, the region's banks must adapt to changing economic landscapes, technological advances, and mounting challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deposit insurance premiums impose costs on banks' balance sheets, narrowing profit margins and inducing banks to "search for yield." This paper estimates the effects of deposit insurance premiums on bank portfolio rebalancing using supervisory data and a kink in the insurance premium schedule. We show that deposit insurance premiums weaken banks' demand for reserves (a liquid asset with no credit risk) and strengthen the supply of short-term interbank loans (a less liquid asset with credit risk). We discuss the implications of these findings for optimal deposit insurance pricing. (JEL G21, G28) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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I argue that coverage caps on Federal Deposit Insurance (FDI), a vestige of the 1933–2005 era when premia were neither risk-priced nor regularly assessed, have become not only anachronistic—a bank law equivalent of the human tailbone—but dangerous. The failure of Silicon Valley Bank in early March of 2023, followed by more regional bank failures thereafter, shows why. I then show how readily uncapped, progressively tiered, risk-priced FDI can be extended to all banks in a manner lending far greater resilience, at no risk of "bailouts," to the banking sector. But far more, I argue, will come of this. By eliminating the advantage now held by "Big 4," generic TBTF Wall Street Banks, the reform will effectively undo a great deal of the 1990s, with all its attendant bank concentration, financialization, and deindustrialization. A revival of regional and sector-specific banking of this kind seems especially fitting as we embark on a grand national project of "Making America Make Again." An Appendix includes draft legislation now before both Houses of the U.S. Congress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper aims to examine whether the daily conventional money market overnight rate influences the monthly investment rate of Islamic deposits in Malaysia. The traditional approach, which averages the high-frequency data to match the low-frequency data, results in information loss for the high-frequency data. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses the mixed data sampling (MIDAS) model to study the relationship between Islamic banking and conventional banking. The Malaysian data are used for the analysis as Malaysia has one of the most developed Islamic financial industries in the world, and it is well-known for its dual banking system. Findings: The evidence shows that the conventional overnight rate has a positive effect on the Islamic deposit rate. The results are consistent for Islamic deposit rates with different maturities. The positive aggregate effect holds when the lag length of the daily conventional overnight rate goes up to 90 days. Additional evidence shows that the daily conventional overnight rate has a similar effect on the conventional deposit rate. Originality/value: This paper documents that the relationship between Islamic banking and conventional banking is not monotonous. When high-frequency data is averaged with low-frequency data, the non-linear relationship will be masked. It highlights the importance of using high-frequency data to get a detailed picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptation to a low-carbon economy is an endeavour of utmost importance to our country. This requires the adoption of a variety of measures in achieving net zero targets. One of the significant enablers in imbuing these measures is the availability of finance. Reserve Bank of India's 'Framework for Acceptance of Green Deposits' has provided a fillip to the evolution of a green finance ecosystem in India. Banks are considered to be instrumental as key drivers of the financial mechanisms channelizing private investments towards a green economy that is better equipped to address the unprecedented challenges posed by climate change. These guidelines will help ensure that funds are utilized for the cause of sustainability. With the concerted actions by the government, regulators, financial institutions, corporates, and individuals to nudge towards contribution to the green finance ecosystem, the net zero goal would be more attainable. The paper provides a backdrop to the imminent climate threats, regulatory interventions, key dimensions of the green deposits framework, and its implications on stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study empirically explores the existence of any cross-sector differences in bank lending behaviour in Pakistan. A wider set of both demand- and supply-side variables are included, and the ARDL model is employed to estimate the results. The empirical findings confirm that significant cross-sector differences regarding the impact of different variables on private sector credit exist in the short run. Moreover, in the long run, the impact of various factors on credit to the private sector are the same across sectors. While domestic deposits positively influence credit, non-performing loans have a negative effect on credit. Interest rate has no significant effect on credit in either the short or long term. Lastly, government borrowing from commercial banks crowds out the private sector. The findings point towards a weaker transmission of monetary policy through the credit channel and support the idea that the availability of funds is more important for private sector credit penetration in a country such as Pakistan with limited resources, whereby effective policy measures are needed to stimulate savings in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Market discipline is an important part of financial regulation, under Basel II and III. This paper aims to provide evidence on market discipline in Pakistan. Specifically, the authors have analyzed the impact of CAMEL variables on costs of funds and deposit switching. Design/methodology/approach: This study has used panel data related to different banking and macroeconomic variables. The sample period is 2004–2017 so it has covered the changing regulations that became binding for banks under Basel II and III. Quarterly data has been collected from the financial disclosure of publicly listed banks. The total number of banks in the sample is 26. Among these, 24 are publicly listed. Foreign banks have not been included because their activities in Pakistan are quite limited. Findings: It has been found that efficiency, liquidity, asset quality and capital adequacy are negatively related to costs of funds for banks. Capital adequacy, liquidity and profitability are negatively related to deposit switching. Research limitations/implications: These results indicate the presence of market discipline and have generated valuable implications for bank managers and regulators. Originality/value: In this study, the case of Pakistan is interesting. The country has experienced financial liberalization that sought to avoid government intervention and encourage a more "market-based" approach. This change in the system was made more pronounced by the privatization of nationalized banks, improvement in the market structure, reduction in barriers to entry and consolidation of smaller banks. As a result, the banking system has emerged as an important source of financing and it provides us motivation to look deeper into depositor discipline in banking sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

State-chartered commercial bank - Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) was the primary subsidiary of SVB Financial Group. In March 2023, after central bank-endorsed interest rate hikes during the 2021-2023 inflation surge, there was a bank run on its deposits, which led to its collapse. This marked the third-largest bank failure in U.S. history and took place alongside the March 2023 United States bank failures. This paper evaluated the differential effect of Silicon Valley Bank failure on the stock market. Two objectives were pivotal, namely the examination of differential stock price performance of SVB prior to failure. Secondly is the examination of the differential effect of SVB failure on the US S&P500 stock price performance. Applying a t-test statistics for difference in means, the results show a significant difference in mean stock price of SVB between a month and two weeks period before SVB failure at P<0.05, with higher variance within the week before failure. Furthermore, the t-test results disclose a highly significant difference in US S&P500 mean stock price between February 2023 (a month before failure) and March 2023 (within the month of failure) at P<0.001 with a high variance in March; however, this effect did not last long. Accordingly, the paper concludes that the failure of a prominent financial institution may trigger ripples in a major stock market index. Additionally, investors should be cautious of an unprecedent and abnormal higher variance in a corporate stock price as this might be an ominous indicator of potential financial failure. This paper contributes a current information for managers and particularly for speculative investors for decisions on selling short or long. It recommends further research to examine the effect of SVB failure and FDIC intervention on stock markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bail-out culture has infiltrated our financial system, with extraordinary procedures recently used to ignore deposit insurance caps in resolving two mid-sized bank failures. It would be desirable to have a regime where supervisors and regulators were empowered to act decisively when problems emerge, while accepting that banks do sometimes fail and they should be handled with consistent rules and clear communications to the public. Moreover, the Federal Reserve needs to be more cognizant about the linkages between monetary policy decisions and financial stability: sustained eras of very low interest rates create inflated asset values and excessive leverage- conditions that make our financial system highly vulnerable to serious damage when rates are lifted. As history has shown, financial crises have been responsible for our most serious recessions and must be avoided, even if that prolongs the inflation fight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies insurance demand in a two-period framework in which an individual faces risks in both current and future periods. Models for insurance with and without the presence of endogenous saving are both discussed. In contrast to what most literature suggests, when decisions on insurance and saving are made separately, insurance alone does not always unambiguously reduce risk, and decision makers might demand more insurance when there is a positive loading on the premium than when the insurance price is actuarially fair. We compare the demand for insurance in our framework with that in a two-period model where risk is concentrated in the second period and derive the conditions under which these demands differ. We examine the effects of risk aversion and derive the conditions under which a more risk-averse individual demands more or less insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of the enactment of bail-in regimes in 2016 in Indonesia on bank owners' propping behavior. Based on Indonesian banking data for the period 2011–2020, we use the difference-in-differences method to examine whether related party transactions substantially increase or decrease after the introduction of bail-in as an indicator of propping. We find that while the requirement for sufficient capital allocated to shock absorbance increases, bank owners may provide capital via related deposits. These deposits are typically beneficial to bank stability, increase liquidity, and can act as a propping channel. However, the deposits are also more exposed to risks, and consequently decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, financial performance has attracted researchers' attention, especially in the insurance sector. Insurance is a tool for the growth and sustainability of both rising and developing economies. It promotes economic stability for people, organizations, and governments by taking on risk and spreading it across the market. We intend to classify insurance companies' financial performance in Jordan's Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The sample size is 15 out of 22 selected insurance firms from 2008 to 2020. We apply the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model for the detection of (high/low) total asset turnover (TAT) as output, while we select the subrogation (SB), claims paid (CP), market capitalization (MC), and total shareholders' equity (SE) as input to the MLP model. The performance of the MLP model is evaluated using different criteria, namely the false positive rate (FP rate), false negative rate (FN rate), F-measure, precision, and accuracy (ACC). The results show that MLP is efficient and performs well in multiple criterion tests through iteration growth. Based on our knowledge, the paper assesses the financial performance of Jordanian insurance firms, which has not been investigated previously. Furthermore, this study gives valuable information to regulators and policymakers to improve asset management efficiency in the insurance sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at deepening and systematizing the theoretical and methodological foundations of liquidity management at the macro and micro levels. The state of liquidity of the banking system of Ukraine during the war period is analyzed and the shortcomings of the practice of liquidity management of banks at the macro and micro levels are allocated. It is found that, despite a sufficient level of liquidity of domestic banks and moderate systemic liquidity risk, banks have problems with a fixed-term deposit structure, a significant liquidity surplus, increased funding costs and increased competition for business funds. The theoretical and methodological foundations of liquidity management at different levels are systematized and supplemented, taking into account the actual problems of liquidity management of domestic banks. Two structural and logical schemes of liquidity management of the bank at the micro and macro levels have been built, which contain conceptual foundations for building liquidity management (principles, methods, instruments, communication) and take into account modern regulatory requirements (central bank, Basel committee). At the micro level, the process of liquidity management and liquidity risk management is differentiated, taking into account the channels of interaction, specific methods and instruments. Methods and instrumentarium for liquidity risk management in the process of bank liquidity management have been expanded. A universal, step-by-step algorithm of liquidity management process at the micro level is proposed. The instrumentarium of liquidity monitoring at the bank level is systematized, taking into account modern practice. The conceptual foundations of liquidity management at the macro level have been supplemented, in particular: 1) management instruments have been supplemented by the indicative ones; 2) the principles have been expanded, synergy, behaviorality, controllability have been added; 3) the functions and objectives of management are adjusted taking into account crisis factors. Emphasis is placed on proper inter-level communication and coherence of strategies, policies, methodologies and procedures for managing liquidity of banks. It is determined that the regulator at the macro level should form an appropriate atmosphere for effective liquidity management at the micro level, and banks should take a responsible (taking into account system-wide goals) approach to the liquidity management. Prospects for further research in this direction are: 1) analysis of the impact of technological innovations on the process of liquidity management at the macro and micro levels; 2) study of the global context, namely the impact of systemic shocks of different jurisdictions on the liquidity of the domestic banking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate CAMEL variables' effects on deposit money banks' share prices for twelve Nigerian banks, nine Kenyan banks, and five South African banks. Methodology: The panel regression approach was utilised to analyse the study data. The share price was measured by the total of the daily closing share price divided by the number of trading days. Capital adequacy was proxied by the equity-to-total-asset ratio, management efficiency was measured by asset turnover, earnings quality was measured by gross profit margin, and liquidity was measured by the loan-to-deposit ratio. Findings: The findings showed that asset quality positively and significantly influenced the share prices of the South African sample but had an insignificant influence on the share prices of the Nigerian sample. The managerial efficiency significantly and positively influenced the share prices of the South African sample but had an insignificant effect on the share prices of the Kenyan and Nigerian samples. Lastly, findings showed that liquidity negatively and significantly influenced the share prices of our Kenyan and Nigerian samples but had an insignificant influence on the share prices of our South African samples. Originality/Value: The study's findings will help the management of African banks make good management decisions and provide information that will help stakeholders make better investment decisions. The study sheds new insight into the impact of CAMEL variables on the share price of banks in sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contributes to the literature by showing the progress made in deposit insurance and risk domain in the banking sector using a bibliometric approach. A conjoint study of deposit insurance and risk yields a broader view on the research trend progression. The analysis shows that niche themes around banking regulation, Prompt Corrective Action (PCA), and emerging markets have evolved. Banking regulations form a cornerstone of financial stability, with PCA progressively showing predominance, reflecting early warning signals of a possible banking failure while deposit insurance may be a key tool to prevent the impact of such failure from reaching the consumers, it does not improve the protection available to other stakeholders which presents a corporate governance challenge of balancing conflicting interests of different stakeholders in the banking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Financial heterogeneity generally refers to differences in the financial environment, which will affect the efficiency and risk of a country's financial market. This paper describes financial heterogeneity from three aspects: the difference of financial market structure, the difference of financial intervention level and the degree of financial openness, and studies the relationship between financial heterogeneity, deposit insurance coverage and bank risk-taking before and after the 2008 financial crisis, using panel data of 98 market countries. The results show that the nonlinear relationship between bank risk-taking and deposit insurance coverage. This research finds that estimated coefficients' sign and significance of some variables, such as household saving rate, bank deposit loan spread, their interactions with deposit insurance coverage, and bank credit to bank deposits show cyclical characteristics cross periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate whether the regulatory improvements made in the aftermath of the global financial crisis have been effective in limiting bank downward window dressing by means of repos in the United States. We find that a strict application of the Basel III regulation wipes out incentives to engage in window dressing to bolster the level of leverage Tier 1 ratio at quarter‐end. We also show that the persistency of window dressing is related to the computation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessment base, which motivates banks to engage in window dressing to reduce the deposit insurance premium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We make the case that the responsibility for appointing board members in Deposit Guarantee Schemes (DGS) for commercial banks should be entrusted to the industry. In doing so, we challenge the position adopted by the International Monetary Fund, which has proposed public DGSs as the best practice. We lay out the comparative advantages of private over public DGS administration, and contend that the role of the government should in principle be limited to regulating DGSs specifically and financial markets in general. We conclude that the current worldwide trend towards greater involvement of government in financial regulation should not be extended to the administration of DGSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Banking Acts of 1933 and 1935 insured deposits up to $5,000 and limited interest paid by commercial banks. This essay uses a treatment‐and‐control estimation strategy to determine how those reforms influenced depositors' reactions to information about banks' balance sheets by comparing preferred and regular depositors at New York state banks. Before deposit insurance, regular depositors reacted more to information about banks, while preferred depositors reacted less. After, this difference diminished and almost disappeared. This change indicates insurance reduced monitoring, although depositors' continued response to some information indicates that large, uninsured depositors continued to monitor banks, as the legislation intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disputes due to defects in newly built houses are increasing worldwide. A house builder is responsible for repairing any defects in a newly built house. However, since house builders' risk of closure and bankruptcy are increasing due to aggravated disputes and economic crises, builders may become insolvent and fail to perform defect repairs. In preparation for this, many countries have established defect repair deposit or guaranty insurance systems; however, the standards for these systems are not based an objective evidence since the current standards were arbitrarily established during industrialization. It has been pointed out that Korea's housing defect repair deposit has been set excessively high and is being abused in disputes. Based on dispute cases in Korea, this study analyzed housing construction costs, deposits, and defect repair costs, resulting from lawsuits due to defects. The results confirmed that the defect repair deposit has been set too high compared to incurred defect repair costs. In addition, it was found that the guaranty insurance premium in lieu of the housing defect repair deposit was excessive compared to the damage caused by builder insolvency. In order to improve this, in this study, we proposed two alternative plans in which the housing defect repair deposit was set at a certain percentage of the construction cost based on the current Korean standard. In addition, based on the concept of different deposit levels using the scale of housing construction, such as in Australia and Canada, two additional alternative plans with different deposit ratios for each scale of housing construction were presented. The comparison results for housing defect repair deposits and guaranty insurance premiums based on the four presented alternative plans accompanied by actual cases showed that all the alternative plan deposits were higher than the actual defect repair costs. Even in the case of a guaranty insurance premium, the level was at least twice as high as the damage caused by builder insolvency. Therefore, all the alternative plans can fulfill their original role of protecting homeowners in the case of builder insolvency. At the same time, reducing the guaranty insurance premium to reflect the cost of housing construction is possible, and would benefit both house builders and home buyers. The results of this study are valuable as a reference for other countries considering establishing or revising a housing defect repair deposit system. Specifically, these findings, which analyzed the case of Korea's socioeconomic changes as it transitioned from a developing country to a developed country, can provide important information for many developing countries operating housing defect repair deposit policies and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The issues of ineffective accountability have affected the performance of banks, which led the Nigerian government to introduce various reforms and policies. However, despite these attempts, the Nigerian banking sector experiences setbacks due to mismanagement of funds, fraudulent activities and lack of proper accountability, which negatively affects employment and income. Design/methodology/approach: The dynamic least square was employed to investigate the selected indicators of Nigerian banks' accountability, income and employment. Likewise, the study examined the causal effect using the Granger non-causality approach. Findings: In the income equation, the total amount of fraud, deposit, total bank asset has a negative relationship with the income, while loan advance and operating expense depicted a positive relationship. In the employment equation, demand deposit, operating cost and bank total asset practices negatively affect employment. In contrast, loan advances and saving deposits have a positive relationship with employment in the long run. Practical implications: Based on the findings, this study suggests, among others, the need for long-term systematic policies and reforms to improve the level of accountability in the Nigerian banking sector. Originality/value: To the best of our knowledge, empirical studies examining the nexus between employment and accountability in the banking sector remain scarce in the literature. Therefore, this study examines the causality and long-run relationship between accountability and employment in Nigerian Banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the implementation and implications of Cambodia's Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), known as Bakong. The National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) launched Bakong in October 2020 with the goals of reducing dollarization, preventing the spread of COVID-19, and promoting efficiency and inclusion. However, it is unclear how introducing the CBDC will achieve a reduction in dollarization or improve efficiency and resilience. The adoption rate of Bakong among shops is extremely low, potentially due to limited additional value compared to existing mobile payment services. CBDCs have the advantage of being legal tenders and theoretically safer than privately run digital payment services. The low adoption rate of Bakong is not necessarily a concern as long as private payment services remain active, and the CBDC provides an alternative payment tool to ensure financial inclusion and reduce monopoly behavior. The article raises concerns about the negative impacts of CBDCs on the economy and financial system, but these can be addressed through appropriate policy arrangements. The NBC should focus on promoting financial inclusion and improving cross-border transaction efficiency with the CBDC. [Extracted from the article]

This paper examines the impact of financial market development, financial crises and deposit insurance on bank risk based on macro data of 86 countries during the period 1998-2014. The results show that banking sector development and stock market development have opposing effects on bank risk measured as bank non-performing loan ratio. The introduction of an explicit deposit insurance system plays a significant role in reducing banks' risk. However, the bank market development after the introduction of this system also increases banks' risk. The impact of financial market development and deposit insurance system on banks' risk was more significant before the 2008 financial crisis. It is found that there is a nonlinear relationship between financial market development, deposit insurance, financial crises and banks' risk. The stock market development has an asymmetric effect on banks' risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is intended to focus on certain specific issues related to the interplay between the EU anti-money laundering and deposit protection frameworks, in particular with regard to the process of repayment of depositors by the Deposit Guarantee Scheme in cases of money laundering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the need for enhanced statutory depositor protection in the mobile money/mobile banking sectors, upon banking and corporate insolvency in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) developing economies. The universal banking model, and the concepts of deposit insurance schemes, or deposit guarantee (as is commonly known in the UK/EU), are analysed and their advantages in streamlining depositor protection and the would-be impact in Sub-Saharan African developing economies' mobile banking sectors are explored. The concepts of ring-fencing and structural separation as conceptual tools that could enhance depositor protection on banking and corporate insolvency in SSA developing economies are also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effect of corporate governance on firm performance in Nigeria. It specifically examined the effect of board director and managerial ownership on profit after tax of listed deposit money bank in Nigeria. Secondary source of data was employed through ex post facto research design. Census sampling technique was employed for the fourteen listed Deposit Money Bank spanning for the period of 2010-2020 .84 observation were assessed using multiple regression model. A strong multiple regression model was used to analyze the nexus between board of directors and managerial ownership. The multiple regression result of the findings showed that board size has positive and significant effect on profit after tax with a coefficient of 0.319 at 0.005 level of significance, while managerial ownership has negative and significant effect on profit after tax with a coefficient of 0.102 at 0.005 level of significant (p=0.045). It was concluded that corporate governance has significant effect of firm performance of listed Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria Exchange Group. However, it was recommended that agency problem between manager and owners may be mitigated by keeping managerial ownership stake in a company low. This can assist keep costs down in the event of bankruptcy and provide for better oversight and control of management. With improved corporate governance provided by a larger board, firms may find it less difficult to get access to cheaper types of external capital, hastening the desired leverage ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are numerous studies investigating the effect of health insurance on healthcare utilisation, but there is little empirical evidence examining the effect of private health insurance on objective health outcomes in a universal public health system. Tracking each individual's health status using panel data, we explore whether there is a difference in the probability of contracting a critical illness or becoming disabled between the privately insured and uninsured. The empirical analysis showed that the incidence of severe disease and disability was 0.76–0.52 times and 0.63–0.31 times lower, respectively, for those with private health insurance. Many theoretical and empirical studies have argued that excessive healthcare utilisation caused by owning health insurance incurs social costs. However, if health insurance lowers the likelihood of serious illness and disability, in the long run, it may lower healthcare utilisation and have a positive effect on human capital and social welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical values in corporations and businesses are inseparable. Religious norms revise the system and economic law as a code of ethics and discipline applied to solve moral problems in business. This study analyzes the disclosure of Islamic Ethics commitment in the annual report of Islamic banking in South East Asia and the effect on Bank Outcomes. Bank Outcomes in this study are financial performance and business risk during 2012–2019. This study used 29 full-fledged Islamic banks in Southeast Asia. The results showed that Islamic Ethics Commitment (IEC) positively affects financial performance, measured by return on asset (ROA). However, if ROE measures financial performance, IEC does not correlate. The IEC also negatively correlates with business risk measured by banks' liquidity and financing risk (Deposit to Asset ratio and Non-Performing Financing). The test is robust when financial performance is measured by banks' Net Interest Margin (NIM), and the financing-to-deposit ratio (FDR) measures business risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Economica is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)