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Objective To investigate the influence of acupuncture at ST36 on the pharmacokinetics of Schisandra lignans including schisandrin, deoxyschisandrin and schisandrin B after intragastric administration of Schisandra chinensis (SC) in rats. Methods Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two study groups: SC and SC+acupuncture. Rats in both groups received intragastric SC extract at 5.0 g/kg. Rats in the SC+acupuncture group additionally received acupuncture stimulation at ST36 for 30 min after SC administration. Acupuncture needles were rotated bilaterally for 1 min, left in situ for 20 min, then electrically stimulated for 10 min at 50 Hz frequency and 1–3 mA intensity. A sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry procedure was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of three bioactive lignans (schisandrin, deoxyschisandrin and schisandrin B) in rat plasma. Results There were significant differences (p0–t), area under the plasma concentration–time curve to time infinity (AUC0–∞) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) for schisandrin, absorption half-life (T1/2α) and AUC0–t for deoxyschisandrin, and Cmax for schisandrin B were increased in the SC+acupuncture group compared with the SC group. T1/2α for schisandrin B only and time to peak concentration (Tmax) for all three lignans were reduced following acupuncture. Conclusions Acupuncture stimulation at ST36 affects the pharmacokinetics of SC in rats. Acupuncture may have a beneficial role in promoting the absorption of lignans from extracts of SC.

Experiments from three-phase (natural gas+water+diesel oil) flow systems were performed in a flowloop to study the hydrate formation and plugging mechanisms from data on morphology and flow characteristics. The hydrate plugging mechanism was investigated for a range of water cuts (5–80 vol%) and the injection of chemical additives (glycol and Inhibex 501). The results from the flowloop experiments demonstrated that water and oil formed a disperse system in which water formed a three-dimensional network, separating oil into a mass of oil droplets before hydrate formation; when hydrate began to form, the water network converted into a hydrate network and formed a very sticky oil-in-hydrate network system; With the hydrate formation, some of the oil was squeezed out of the network and the oil-in-hydrate network system shrank, precipitated from the oil phase, and deposited onto the pipe wall, and finally formed hydrate plugging. The presence of glycol or Inhibex 501 did not change the formation mechanism of hydrate plugging, while it decreased the hydrate formation rate.

As linguiças são preparadas a partir de várias carnes ricas em nutrientes que favorecem a multiplicação dos microrganismos, envolvidas em envoltório natural e consequentemente sendo altamente manipuladas, comprometendo assim seu produto final. Devido ao aparecimento de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTAs), revelou-se a importância de averiguar a contaminação dos alimentos, uma vez que essas colocam em risco a saúde de seus consumidores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a qualidade microbiológica de linguiças comercializadas no município de Ji – Paraná, Rondônia. Foram avaliadas 30 amostras oriundas de seis diferentes estabelecimentos, onde que após a obtenção das mesmas, realizaram-se as diluições necessárias e as inoculou em meios de cultura específico para cada microrganismo analisado. Pôde ser observada na análise de Staphylococcus aureus que 6,66% das amostras estavam com contagem acima do permitido pela legislação, quanto a Salmonella sp. 20% apresentaram positividade para mesma, estando em desacordo com o recomendado, tento em vista que se deve haver ausência de Salmonella sp.. Com relação à Listeria monocytogenes não foi constatada sua presença em nenhuma das amostras. Conclui-se que as amostras fora do padrão permitido por lei causam riscos para a saúde, salientando a possibilidade de a contaminação ser oriunda de falhas durante o processamento.

Foi realizado um levantamento em 12 municípios da região central de Rondônia sobre a presença de plantas tóxicas e ocorrência de surtos de intoxicação em ruminantes e equídeos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido mediante a utilização de um questionário aplicado a médicos veterinários, agrônomos, zootecnistas e produtores rurais, com o objetivo de identificar as principais plantas tóxicas que ocorrem na região. Trinta e quatro entrevistados relataram casos de intoxicação por uma ou mais plantas comprovadamente tóxicas como: Palicourea marcgravii (12 surtos), Palicourea grandiflora e Enterolobium contortisiliquum (sete surtos cada) e Palicourea juruana, Brachiaria radicans, Brachiaria brizantha e Manihot esculenta (dois surtos cada). Em ovinos, foram relatados dois surtos de fotossensiblização por Brachiaria decumbens e um surto de mortalidade por Palicourea grandiflora. Dos 34 surtos relatados em bovinos pelos entrevistados, 374 (8,9%) animais foram afetados e 311 (7,4%) morreram, de um total de 4.192 de ambos os sexos sob risco. De um total de 250 ovinos sob risco, três surtos de intoxicação por plantas foram relatados e afetaram 28 animais, dos quais 20 morreram. Amorimia sp., previamente desconhecida como tóxica, foi identificada como causa de morte súbita em 32% das propriedades. Quinze surtos de cólica em equídeos que pastavam cultivares de Panicum maximum ('Massai', 'Tanzânia' e 'Mombaça') durante o período das chuvas foram, também, observados. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstram a importância significativa das intoxicações por plantas como causa de perdas econômicas para a pecuária da região central do Estado de Rondônia. Com a realização deste trabalho, o número de plantas tóxicas para ruminantes com a confirmação de ocorrência de surtos com mortalidade na região passou de um para nove, o que confirma que um trabalho sistemático de investigação é necessário para o conhecimento da importância das intoxicações por plantas na região Norte do Brasil.

To analyse the quality of three processed products of Rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin by establishing an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for simultaneously determining five sesquiterpene components in three processed products of rhizome of C. wenyujin and establishing UPLC fingerprints. Component determination was achieved on Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column（2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm), with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min⁻¹; column temperature was 30 °C; the detection wavelength was set at 214 nm and injection volume was 1 μL. The similarity was analyzed with "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica (2012.130723)", and hydrophobic cluster analysis (HCA), principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted by using simca-p14.1 software to investigate the differences in components among these three kinds of processed products. The curzerene, curdione, curcumol, germacrone, furanodiene and β-elemene showed good linearity relationship with chromatographic peak area within the ranges of 10.8-320（

In this study, the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) gene and the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene of Babesia gibsoni isolated from the naturally infected dog in the Nanjing area were cloned and sequenced. Twenty blood samples were collected from the suspected cases of babesiosis at the animal hospital of Nanjing Agriculture University. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples, and the 18S rDNAs were amplified by PCR to confirm Babesia infection. As a result, 10 cases of Babesia 18S rDNA gene amplification were positive in the 20 blood samples, confirming that the 10 cases were infected with canine Babesia. The TRAP and the Hsp70 gene fragments were amplified from all 10 positive cases. The four isolates, named NJN1, NJN2, NJN3 and NJN4, were sequenced and compared with other isolates in Asian. The similarity of TRAP and Hsp70 gene sequences among four isolates in Nanjing were above 99%. The Nanjing isolates were closely related to isolates from Taiwan and Japan. Indian isolates were different form Chinese and Japanese isolates, despite the very high similarity of the 18s rRNA genes sequence. These results suggest that the TRAP and Hsp70 genes have a reference value for the genetic diversity analysis of Babesia gibsoni.

To compare the effects of Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizomaon immune hepatic fibrosis, proliferation of HSC-T6, and expressions of α-SMA and Procollagen I. The immunological liver fibrosis model was prepared through intraperitoneal injection with porcine serum 0.5 mL in each rat, twice a week, for 14 weeks. Expressions of serum ALT, AST, PC-Ⅲ, IV-C, LN, HA and HYP, MDA in liver tissues were observed after administration of Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma (0.95, 1.90 g•kg⁻¹). The pathological changes in liver tissues were observed by HE staining. Masson staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe the expression of collagen in rat liver. HSC-T6 was cultured, and the proliferation of HSC-T6 was determined by MTT assay at different concentrations in 12, 24, 36, 48 h. The expressions of α-SMA and Procollagen I were detected by Real-time PCR. The results showed that expressions of serum ALT, AST, PC-Ⅲ, IV-C, LN and HA in Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma groups (0.95, 1.90 g•kg⁻¹) were significantly lower than model group; in terms of effect, vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma group was superior to Curcumae Rhizoma group. Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma containing serum could inhibit the proliferation of HSC-T6 in a dose-effect and time-effect manner. Expressions of α-SMA and Procollagen I in HSC-T6 were decreased after 24 h, especially in 20% vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma containing serum group (P0.01). Both Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma could reduce immune hepatic fibrosis to varying extent. Their anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanism may be correlated with inhibition of the proliferation of HSC-T6, and reduction of the formation of extracellular matrix and promotion of its degradation.

Premise of the study: Ephedra gerardiana (Ephedraceae), occurring in the Himalayan ranges, is an important plant species used in Tibetan medicine. Due to the lack of molecular markers to characterize genetic diversity, knowledge for conservation and uses of E. gerardiana resources is limited; we therefore developed microsatellite markers for use in this species. Methods and Results: Using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology, we developed 29 polymorphic microsatellite loci suitable for E. gerardiana, of which 15 loci also showed polymorphisms in two related Ephedra species, E. saxatilis and E. monosperma. The average number of effective alleles per locus ranged from two to six. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.23 to 0.83 and 0.44 to 0.86, respectively, in E. gerardiana populations. Conclusions: The developed 29 microsatellite markers are effective for the study of genetic structure and genetic diversity of E. gerardiana, and 15 of these markers are suitable for related Ephedra species.

The rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. is commonly used as an herbal medicine in China. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was used, in both negative and positive ion modes, to comprehensively analyze the chemical constituents of A. asphodeloides. From the intact precursor ions, MS/MS fragmentation information, and previous reports, we identified 89 compounds. These compounds included 8 cyclic peptides, 11 flavones (9 xanthones), 45 steroidal saponins, 15 fatty acids, 3 lignans, and 7 other compounds. Dimer xanthones and cyclic peptides are reported for the first time in A. asphodeloides. The analytical method we have developed is simple, reliable, and effective. The results provide comprehensive information on the metabolite profile of A. asphodeloides, which may benefit the quality control and further utilization of A. asphodeloides.

To develop a method to overall evaluate the quality of Dachaihu Granule (DCHG), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector was used to establish chemical fingerprint of DCHG. The correlation between the formula and its raw herbs was also evaluated. According to the retention time of standard components, chemical fingerprint of DCHG was developed and a total of 21 constituents were characterized. The separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d. with 5.0 μm particle size) with a linear gradient elution of acetonitrile and water with 0.05% phosphoric acid. Precision, stability and repeatability of the method were validated. The developed method was subsequently applied to evaluate 15 batches of DCHG using similarity analysis, principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminate analysis.

The objective is to determine the timing and indications of transcatheter angiographic embolization (TAE) for delayed haemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The medical records of 144 patients who underwent arteriography and TAE for delayed post-PCNL haemorrhage at five university hospitals between January 2005 and December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean time to the onset of post-PCNL haemorrhage was 10.5 days (2 - 30 days). Clinical presentation included sudden onset bleeding in 51 patients (35.4 %), intermittent bleeding in 67 patients (46. 5 %), and continuous slow bleeding in 26 patients (18.1 %). Hemodynamic instability occurred in 32 patients (22.2 %). The mean haemoglobin decrease from the first post-PCNL day to the day of TAE was 49.5 g/L (31.0 - 79.0 g/L). Renal arteriography showed pseudoaneurysms in 69 (47.9 %) patients, arteriovenous fistulas in 28 (19.4 %) patients, mixed arterial and arteriovenous lesions in 17 (11.8 %) patients, arterial lacerations in 23 (16.0 %) patients, and negative angiographic finding in seven (4.9 %) patients. TAE was successful in stopping bleeding in all 137 patients with vascular lesions. There were no major complications associated with TAE. TAE should be the recommended treatment for delayed post-PCNL haemorrhage in patients with hemodynamic instability and/or corrected haemoglobin decrease >30 g/L following conservative management. • Delayed haemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy occurs more than 24 hours postoperatively. • Angio-embolization is a safe and effective treatment for delayed post-PCNL haemorrhage. • Angio-embolization can treat hemodynamic instability and/or corrected haemoglobin decrease >30 g/L.

The viscosities of water-in-oil emulsions containing two kinds of hydrate anti-agglomerants were experimentally measured at three water cuts (10, 20, and 30 vol%) under (275.2–293.2) K and pressures up to 20 MPa. The experimental results indicate that the relative viscosity of the emulsion shows an exponential growth to some extent with the decrease of temperature for a given pressure and water cut, but increases almost linearly with the increase of pressure for all isotherms investigated. It also increases with increasing water volume fraction. The mean droplet sizes of water-in-oil emulsions show an exponential growth with the increase of temperature for a given water cut. An improved viscosity correlation as a function of temperature, pressure, mean droplet size, and water cut was proposed. The average relative deviations of the calculated results from the viscosity correlation were 4.4% and 4.0% for water-in-oil emulsions containing two kinds of anti-agglomerants, respectively.

Based on the basic principles of anti-islanding detection, this paper puts forward an anti-islanding (AI) detection method which combined/q-axis voltage decoupling and positive feedback with Euler-Lagrange (EL) model .The proposed method is classified as an passive islanding detection method and it is based on the voltage change at the point of common coupling (PCC) that occurs in islanding .In the method, Add the d-axis decoupling voltage of PCC to the d-axis reference current of the EL model. A simulation study shows that the method is simple and feasible.

The flow characteristics and rheological properties of natural gas hydrate slurry, with initial water cuts ranging from 5 to 30 vol%, were investigated in a flow loop. The experimental results indicate that the hydrate slurry can be considered a pseudoplastic fluid and presents more obvious shear-thinning behaviour with the increase in the hydrate volume fraction. The study on the fluid morphology demonstrated that the original structure of the water-in-oil emulsion is destroyed by the formation of gas hydrate, and the hydrate slurry is ultimately transported as a solid dispersion system. An empirical Herschel–Bulkley-type equation that considers the hydrate volume fraction was developed to improve the description of the rheological properties of the hydrate slurry. The apparent viscosities of the hydrate slurry calculated by the new equation were in accordance with the experimental data. Shutting-down/restarting tests using three shutting-down times (2 h, 4 h, and 8 h) were performed. The experimental results indicate that the hydrate slurry can be easily and safely restarted from the static state after a long shutting-down period and exhibits obvious thixotropic behaviour with increasing shutting-down time.

Recently, combination therapy with acupuncture and medicine as a practical strategy to treat diseases has gained increasing attention. The present study aimed to investigate whether acupuncture stimulation at ST.36 had a potential impact on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of lignans. An HPLC-ESI/MS analytical method was established and successfully applied to a comparative study of drug concentration in plasma and tissues of three lignans. The parameters area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the final measurable point and from time zero to infinity, and peak concentration were significantly increased, with a prolonged mean residence time and a corresponding decrease in clearance in comparision with the Schisandra-alone group. Additionally, tissue concentrations of three lignans were improved in the group with acupuncture, especially in liver. The results indicated that acupuncture has a synergistic effect on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the three lignans, which could postpone their elimination, resulting in a longer blood circulating time in rat plasma and prolonged residence time in target tissues, leading to higher tissue concentration. The findings provide some scientific evidence for the mechanism of the combined use of acupuncture and herbal medicine. Furthermore, we suggest that acupuncture and its combination with herbal medicine should be investigated further as a possible adjuvant therapy in clinical treatment for liver injury.

Opioid and ephedra alkaloids known as the active ingredients for Keke capsule, which is used to treat coughs and bronchial asthma, could have potential adverse effects on the central nervous system. Therefore, an efficient, sensitive rapid-resolution LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of morphine, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine in rat plasma and brain tissue homogenate has been developed. The method was validated in the plasma and brain tissue samples, showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r(2) > 0.99). The intra- and interday assay variability was less than 15% for all analytes, and the accuracy was between -8.8 and 5.7%. The study provided the pharmacokinetics profiles and the brain regional distribution of the three active alkaloids after oral administration of Keke capsule. The results also indicated that significant difference in pharmacokinetics parameters of the epimers was observed between ephedrine and pseudoephedrine.

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-grafted carbon fibers (CFs) were used as the interlayer heating element for resistance welding of glass fabric reinforced polyetherimide (GF/PEI) composite laminates to enhanced the strength of the joints of GF/PEI. The effects of CNTs on the wettability of PEI resin on the CF surface and the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were investigated. The CNTs were in-situ grown on the surface of the CFs by flame method, and their structures and morphologies were characterized by Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). PEI resin solution exhibits better wettability on CNTs-grafted CF surface with the help of capillary action. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of CF/PEI resin and the SEM images of bonding interface shows a stronger binding effect between CNTs-grafted CFs and PEI resin. The mechanical property of the joints was evaluated by the tensile test of single lap shear strength (LSS). The LSS values increased first and then decreased with welding time (tw), and the optimum LSS of the joint with CNTs was increased by 23.6% to 32.5MPa in comparison with that of the joint without CNTs when tw was 60s.

Background: Anemarrhenae rhizoma (AR) is widely used for the treatment of febrile diseases, cough, and diabetes in traditional Chinese medicines. AR mainly contains flavonoids and steroidal saponins, such as neomangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin BII, timosaponin BIII, and timosaponin AIII, which showed various biological activities. Objective: The main objective of the study is to establish an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method to determine the concentrations of five bioactive constituents in rats' plasma and various tissues. Materials and Methods: The analytes were separated on a C18reversed-phase column. A triple-quadrupole MS/MS equipped with an electrospray ionization source was used as a detector. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated with Drug and Statistics 2.0 Software Package. Results: Neomangiferin and mangiferin exhibit poor oral absorption and slow clearance from the body. Timosaponin BII and timosaponin BIII could be quickly absorbed into the blood circulation and showed double plasma concentration peaks. Timosaponin AIII exhibited a single peak in the plasma concentration-time plot and pharmacokinetic parameters of timosaponin AIII indicated slower absorption, longer body residence time, and slower elimination than timosaponin BII and timosaponin BIII. The five analytes were widely distributed to most of the tissues. Neomangiferin and mangiferin exhibited the maximum concentration in the lung at 6 h after oral administration, the highest levels of timosaponin BII and timosaponin BIII were also observed in the lung at 1 h after oral administration, and the maximum concentration of timosaponin AIII was observed in the liver. Conclusion: The findings of the present study might be helpful to better understand the pharmacokinetics and distribution of AR bioactive constituents in vivo, which would facilitate the clinical application of AR.

Background: In China, rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin (CW) is used to improve blood stasis syndrome-related diseases for many years. Nonsteamed, steamed, and boiled with vinegar rhizomes of CW can be used as three different traditional Chinese medicine s, named as Pian-Jiang-Huang (PJH), Sheng-E-Zhu (SEZ), and Cu-E-Zhu (CEZ), respectively. After processing, the therapeutic effects have changed. Objective: In order to illustrate the effective substance of the three kinds of rhizome of CW, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) method coupled with statistical approach was developed. Materials and Methods: Fresh rhizomes of CW were processed into PJH, SEZ, and CEZ according to Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015. UPLC-Q/TOF-MS coupled with chemometric analysis was applied to compare the differences in chemical profiles of the three kinds of rhizome of CW. Results: In this study, 21 compositions in the rhizome of CW were identified. The one-way ANOVA of relative intensities of the 21 compositions was processed by SPSS software version 20.0. The column superposed graph of the relative intensities of 21 components shows that the total relative intensities of the 21 components in SEZ are the topmost and that of PJH is about the same as CEZ, but the proportion of each component is quite differ from each sample. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis were processed by Simca-p14.1 software. Finally, five ions including curcumenone, curcumol, curzerenone, furanodiene, and germacrone were discovered to be the Q-Makers of the three kinds of rhizome of CW. Conclusion: This study provides a reliable research basis for the clinical application of the three kinds of rhizome of CW. Abbreviations used: PJH: Pian-Jiang-Huang; SEZ: Sheng-Er-Zhu; CEZ: Cu-Er-Zhu; CW: Curcuma wenyujin; PCA: Principal component analysis; OPLS-DA: Orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis; RT: Retention time; TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; TIC: Total ion chromatogram; QC: Quality control; RSD: Relative standard deviation.

The predominant pyridine alkaloid in modern tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is Nicotine. However, with the existence of a class of Nicotine demethylases, a large proportion of Nicotine will be converted into Nornicotine during leaf senescence. Identification of Nicotine demethylases in modern tobacco is important, since Nornicotine will be nitrosated into N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), which exhibit carcinogenic properties in laboratory animals and is harmful for human heath. Although many efforts have been performed to identified, no comprehensive analysis was carried out for the subfamily of Nicotine demethylases. In this work, we performed a phylogenetic and comparative analysis for Nicotine demethylases with their highly homologs. A single and conserved mutation of W->C will prohibit the activity of Nicotine demethylases. Thus, the proportion of Nornicotine could be dramatically decreased if all Nicotine demethylase were single mutated by transgenic manipulation. Our results provide an insightful and solid foundation for further experimental design.

To avoid local convergence and slow convergence of GA, SVM was used to get the fitness function in this paper and Statistical Learning Theory was used to guide the optimization process. Then, the improved GA was applied to Optimizing Cigarette Logistic Distribution Routing Problem, and the result proved that the algorithm was efficient in convergence.

The volumetric properties of two reservoir fluid samples collected from one condensate gas well and one natural gas well were measured under four groups of temperatures, respectively, with pressure up to 116 MPa. For the two samples examined, the experimental results show that the gas compressibility factor increases with the increase of pressure. But the influence of the temperature is related to the range of the experimental pressure. It approximately decreases with the increase of temperature when the pressure is larger than (45 to 50) MPa, while there is the opposite trend when the pressure is lower than (45 to 50) MPa. The dew point pressure was also determined for the condensate gas sample, which decreases with the increase of temperature. The capabilities of four empirical correlations and a thermodynamic model based on equation of state for describing gas compressibility factor of reservoir fluids under high pressure were investigated. The comparison results show that the thermodynamic model recommended is the most suitable for fluids whatever produced from high-pressure reservoirs or conventional mild-pressure reservoirs.

For the problem of manual manipulation and data asynchronous acquisition, the opinion of digital test was introduced. Based on the existing equipment, control and test method, the overall design of test platform was put forward. In the following, the data sharing, the software control system, dynamometer system, lube oil control system and cooling water control system were designed respectively. In the end, the digital test platform was developed. Under the new test platform, the test conditions can be adjusted automatically, the measurement device can be remote-controlled, the test data can be collected and recorded in synchronization and the test results can be sent to the designers in time.

For getting the effectiveof application in dissipation dust law with particle motion equation atcoal handling system of belt machine tail, must be to proceed related numerical simulation in the way of dust particles motion incoal handling system of belt machine tail and dust concentration of diffusion inoperation space. Application particlemotion equation theory for numerical simulation to coal dustparticles, obtained dust coal dissipation law in coal handling system, at thesame time combine with the data of the field test of dust concentration andfallout dispersion for analyzing and comparing. The results of comparison showthat: the data of numerical simulation with particle motion equationin coal dust dissipation law is coincide with reality dissipation law. Accordingto the conclusion of this research, it is provides theoretical basis forprevention and treatment in coal mine of coal handling system of dustdissipation.

In order to master the running status messages of natural gas pipeline system, predict the possible time and which equipment of the system may be go wrong, and change the equipment in time, avoid the failure and economic losses caused by the system failure. so, the prediction of system reliability is very important to system manage and maintenance. For traditional reliability prediction method, such as BP, RBF and SVM, requires a large sample size and couldn't effectively forecast the factory chaotic nonlinear object is contained in a defect, is presented based on the geometry of chaos phase space reconstruction and information SVM to predict (CSVM) algorithm. It is beyond the reach of the traditional forecasting methods because of the chaotic nonlinear and large sample size. Chaos SVM Prediction was studied based on the geometric information, SVM and chaos theory. Natural gas pipeline Henon system was used to test the model in this report, application results show that: ① under the background of chaos, the algorithm is superior to traditional BP, RBF and SVM forecasting simulation methods such as accuracy, efficiency and the number of support vector forecasting performance; ➁the predicted time of the algorithm has a big increase than BP, RBF and SVM, by about 16.5 %‥

Different drying methods, including drying in the sun, sulphur fumigation, hot air drying, microwave drying, infrared drying and various coupling techniques,were used to dry fresh Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Characteristics, extracts and the contents of active components of all samples were compared to investigate the effects of different drying methods on quality of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. The results showed that the characteristics of the samples would be better with use of sulphur fumigation, hot air drying, and hot air-microwave drying. Different drying methods had little effects on extracts. Among them, the extract content was higher after hot air drying. The stilbene glycosides would transformation and the contents of Gastrodiae Rhizoma polysaccharides would decline with use of sulphur fumigation, microwave drying and infrared drying. In the comprehensive analysis of characteristics, content of active components, production cost and other factors, hot air drying or hot air-microwave drying was recommended as the first choice.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of timosaponin B-II (TB-II) on palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in HepG2 cells, and probe the potential mechanisms. TB-II, a main ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, notably ameliorated PA-induced insulin resistance and inflammation, and significantly improved cell viability, decreased PA-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Further, TB-II treatment notably decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO). TB-II also reduced HepG2 cells apoptosis. Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and inhibitor of nuclear factor [Formula: see text]-B kinase (IKK)/NF-[Formula: see text]B pathways-related proteins, and IKK[Formula: see text], p65 phosphorylation, serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at S307, tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, and Akt activation were determined by Western blot. Compared to model group, TB-II significantly downregulated the expression of p-NF-[Formula: see text]Bp65, p-IKK[Formula: see text], p-IRS-1, p-PI3K and p-Akt. TB-II is a promising potential agent for the management of palmitate-induced insulin resistance and inflammation, which might be via IR/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-[Formula: see text]B pathways.

The absence or deficiency of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) activity results in microsatellite instability (MSI) in cancer. The avian leukosis virus (ALV) causes neoplastic disease in chickens. In this study, the status of MMR, MSI, the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected in DF-1 cells after avian leukosis virus subgroup A infection. Flow cytometry analysis results indicated that there was no significant difference in cell apoptosis between the control and infected groups. The percentage of cells in S and G2 phases were increased in the infected group. MSI and mutation of MSH2 and MLH1 gene exons were absent in DF-1 cells after infection. Levels of MSH2 and MLH1 mRNA were dramatically increased in DF-1 cells after infection. These results demonstrated that ALV RAV-1 infection may promote the expression of MSH2 and MLH1 genes rather than resulting in gene mutations. Mismatch repair functions were normal and may be have relationships with the arrest of S phase and G2 phase.

To investigate the effect of Astragali Radix with different sulfur fumigation technologies on immune function in mice, and observe the effect of different Astragali Radix samples on carbon clearance in cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressed mice, on immune organ weight in immunosuppressed mice and on delayed type hypersensitivity response (DTH) induced by 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene. Carbon clearance index, phagocytic index, organ index and ear swelling rate were taken as the indexes. The results showed that, all of the Astragali Radix with different sulfur fumigation technologies markedly increased the carbon clearance index K, phagocytic index α, immune organ weight and improved the ability of DTH response in immunosuppressed mice. As compared with the model group, combined hot air-microwave group had the most significant difference, but when other groups were compared with and combined hot air-microwave group, only carbon clearance test had significant difference. From the perspective of pharmacodynamics, the effect of Astragali Radix with different sulfur fumigationon technologies on the immune function of mice was investigated, which provided a reference for the selection of appropriate alternative technology, and also provided guidance for clinical medication.

Sulfur fumigation method is often used in the habitat processing of Astragali Radix in order to make it mothproof, mildewproof and easy to dry; however, this method has great influence on the inherent quality of Astragali Radix. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the alternative technology to sulfur fumigation. In the present paper, appearance characteristics, content of active ingredients, containing water, extracting content and microbial content in Astragali Radix were taken as the indexes to compare the quality of Astragali Radix processed with 9 kinds of processing methods (traditional processing method, sulfur fumigation and 7 kinds of alternative processing technologies). Combined hot air-microwave technology was finally determined as an alternative technology to sulfur fumigation.

To explore the effect of vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma on endogenous metabolites in bile by investigating the endogenous metabolites difference in bile before and after Curcumae Rhizoma was processed with vinegar. Alcohol extracts of crude and vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma, as well as normal saline were prepared respectively, which were then given to the rats by intragastric administration for 0.5 h. Then common bile duct intubation drainage was conducted to collect 12 h bile of the rats. UPLC-TOF-MS analysis of bile samples was applied after 1∶3 acetonitrile protein precipitation; unidimensional statistics were combined with multivariate statistics and PeakView software was compared with network database to identify the potential biomarkers. Vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma extracts had significant effects on metabolites spectrum in bile of the rats. With the boundaries of P

Drugs are exogenous compounds for human bodies, and will be metabolized by many enzymes after administration. CYP450 enzyme, as a major metabolic enzyme, is an important phase I drug metabolizing enzyme. In human bodies, about 75% of drug metabolism is conducted by CYP450 enzymes, and CYP450 enzymes is the key factor for drug interactions between traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) -TCM, TCM-medicine and other drug combination. In order to make clear the interaction between metabolic enzymes and TCM metabolism, we generally chose the enzymatic activity as an evaluation index. That is to say, the enhancement or reduction of CYP450 enzyme activity was used to infer the inducing or inhibitory effect of active ingredients and extracts of traditional Chinese medicine on enzymes. At present, the common method for measuring metabolic enzyme activity is Cocktail probe drugs, and it is the key to select the suitable probe substrates. This is of great significance for study drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) process in organisms. The study focuses on the interaction between TCMs, active ingredients, herbal extracts, cocktail probe substrates as well as CYP450 enzymes, in order to guide future studies.

The flow behaviour and flash formation of ring component for 45# steel in continuous drive friction welding (CDFW) process were investigated. A 3D thermo-mechanical coupled finite element method was used to conduct this research. Seven welding schemes with different friction pressures, friction times and rotational velocities were carried out. The influences of friction pressure, friction time and rotational velocity on the material flow behaviour at the friction surface and flash formation were analyzed. Research results show that higher peak temperature, larger region with high temperature and larger axial pressure are all good for the increase of material flow velocity. During the CDFW process, the material near the edge of friction surface flows towards the outside of joint, which makes the appearance of flashes. With the increase of rotational velocity, friction time and friction pressure, the dimensions and the bending degree of flashes increase. The reasonable welding parameters of ring structure for 45# steel, whose inner diameter and outer diameter are 50 mm and 80 mm, respectively, are the friction pressure of 100 MPa, the friction time of 4 s and the rotational velocity of 1600 r/min.

Three new triterpene saponins, named asperosaponin A–C (1–3), together with seven known triterpene saponins (4–10) were isolated from the roots of Dipsacus asper. The structures of compounds 1–3 were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compounds 1–3, 6–10 had significantly protective effects in PC12 cells against the Aβ25-35 induced cytotoxicity. All the compounds isolated showed no cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines, A-549, Bel-7402 and BGC-823.

It concerns about escaped dust issues of Inner Mongolia Datang International Xilinhaote Mining CO, LTD.M102. M103. M106 among three belt drive. It will reform and design for dust comprehensive pollution control in belt drive, introduce practical application of High-pressure micro fog dedusting system in belt drive and capture dust particulate effectively in order to make dust fall in the beginning of producing dust by investigation on the site, current specific situation, local climate and water resource.

Cholinergic deficit is one of the most remarkable symptoms and plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, the protective effects of Akebia saponin D (ASD) on learning and memory impairments induced by excitatory neurotoxin ibotenic acid injection were examined in vivo . Our findings suggest that ASD (90 mg/kg, p.o.) would exert a rescue effect on rats both in behavioral performances in Morris water maze and Y maze and cholinergic functions detected by chemical methods. We further investigated in the hippocampus and found ASD could regulate apoptosis-related proteins expression following ibotenic acid injection. Additionally, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family phosphorylations were inhibited after ASD treatment, implicating that the MAPK signaling pathway could be involved in the mechanism underlying neuroprotection of ASD against ibotenic acid-induced excitotoxicity.

It concerns about issues of dust pollution of three feeder which in the underground passage under the storage warehouse of Inner Mongolia Datang International Xilinhaotes Mining Company Limited.By inspections and investigations in the field,according to site-specific circumstances and local climatic conditions,we had implemented comprehensive renovation project of coal dust of feeder in underground passage,and achieved remarkable and effective governance results.

There is serious inter-symbol interference (ISI) when ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication systems work at high data speed since there is much larger channel delay spread. The serious ISI becomes a major factor that affects the performance of UWB systems. In this paper, suppression ISI is developed for direct sequence spread-code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) UWB systems with a high data speed, and a joint chip equalization adaptive Rake (JCE-Rake) receiver is proposed. The proposed JCE-Rake receiver spreads the number of traditional Rake receiver taps to collect multi-path component and equalize the inter-chip interference simultaneously. Then the soft output of JCE-Rake receiver is despreaded with the user's spreading code. Finally the decision is made to recover the transmitted symbol. The simulation results verify that ISI is suppressed effectively and the system performance is improved evidently.

A new iridoid glycoside, named loganic acid ethyl ester (1), together with five known compounds: chlorogenic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), loganin (4), cantleyoside (5) and syringaresinol-4',4''-O-bis-β-D-glucoside (6) were isolated from the roots of Dipsacus asper. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. Lignan is isolated from Dipsacaceae species for the first time. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 had moderate neuroprotective effects against the Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ induced cell death in PC12 cells.

In recent years more attention is paid to high-efficiency and nontoxic corrosion inhibitor. Synergistic inhibition is an effective means to improve the inhibitive force of inhibitor. The aim of this work is to attempt to find out inhibition mechanism and synergistic effect of Lysozyme (LYZ) and vitamin B1 (VB1) and to diversify the application of inhibitor in acidic medium. The corrosion inhibition effect of LYZ and VB1 for carbon steel specimens in 0.5 mol•L-1 sulphuric acid solution have been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The obtained results show that carbon steel is more efficiently protected by the mixture of lysozyme and vitamin B1 (LYZ-VB1) than LYZ or VB1. By potentiodynamic polarization method, the highest inhibition efficiencies of 89.5% and 80.04% are observed with single LYZ or VB1, respectively, and an improved inhibition efficiency of 94.2% is obtained with LYZ-VB1 at 25°C.

For the disadvantage of the induction motor direct torque control system’s performance when it runs in a low velocity, the full order flux observer is used to achieve the stator flux observation, and the flux observer precision and the convergence rate depend on proper allocation of the observer poles. Based on the analysis of two full order flux observer pole placement methods,a single degree of freedom pole placement method is proposed, analyzed and discussed. This method can assign the configuration parameters of the observer gain matrix effectively. The simulation results show that the new pole assignment method can effectively inhibit the motor parameter variations and motor rotational velocity impacts the observer gain matrix’s parameters, so it can improve the flux observer and the observed convergence rate precision.

Deconvolution denoising in the f-x domain has some defects when facing situations like complicated geology structure, coherent noise of steep dip angles, and uneven spatial sampling. To solve these problems, a new filtering method is proposed, which uses the generalized S transform which has good time-frequency concentration criterion to transform seismic data from the time-space to time-frequency-space domain (t-f-x). Then in the t-f-x domain apply Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) on each frequency slice and clear the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) that noise dominates to suppress coherent and random noise. The model study shows that the high frequency component in the first IMF represents mainly noise, so clearing the first IMF can suppress noise. The EMD filtering method in the t-f-x domain after generalized S transform is equivalent to self-adaptive f-k filtering that depends on position, frequency, and truncation characteristics of high wave numbers. This filtering method takes local data time-frequency characteristic into consideration and is easy to perform. Compared with AR predictive filtering, the component that this method filters is highly localized and contains relatively fewer low wave numbers and the filter result does not show over-smoothing effects. Real data processing proves that the EMD filtering method in the t-f-x domain after generalized S transform can effectively suppress random and coherent noise of steep dips.

In order to solve the problem of crack appeared in Francis turbine runner, the welding residual stress of Francis turbine runner is regulated and controlled by means of numerical simulation from the view of subsection welding, local heating and local peening. The results show that the length of welding section of blade outlet and the welding direction in the subsection welding process influence the residual stress of the turbine blade. For the local heating technology, the decreasing effect on residual stress increases with the increase of heating time, heating temperature and heating area. The welding residual stress of dangerous region decreases and then increases with the increase of heating distance. Moreover, the peening effect is very clear when the temperature of material in the peening region reaches its own plastic temperature.

The plunging process of rotational tool is simulated while the shapes of rotational tool shoulder are inner-concave-flute, concentric-circles-flute and three-spiral-flute respectively. The effect of rotational tool shoulder’s shape on transfer behavior of welding plastic metal is obtained. The results show that whatever the shape of tool shoulder is, the metal of contact surface in the workpiece undergoes relatively big plastic transfer. To the rotational tool with three-spiral-flute shoulder, the transfer velocity and displacement of plastic metal inside the workpiece slowly decrease with the increase of the distance away from the surface of workpiece. To the rotational tool with the inner-concave-flute shoulder or the concentric-circles–flute shoulder, the transfer velocity of metal inside the workpiece is very small and the value is close to zero. Using the rotational tool with no pin, the experiment of friction stir welding is processed. The results show that the size of every grain in weld nugget zone which is made by the rotational tool with three-spiral-flute shoulder is nearly the same. The degree of uniformity of grain made by three-spiral-flute shoulder is much higher than that made by inner-concave-flute shoulder or concentric-circles-flute shoulder.

In order to generate STEP-NC data model in keeping with the ISO14649 protocol, extend the STEP model to the field of the CNC, the paper analyzes STEP standard and its file structure, develops the display software which can be read and display the STEP format file based on open source Open CASCADE geometric kernel by using the Visual Studio 2008 software development environment, designs one instance by using Pro/E software, and stored as a STEP format file in Pro/E environment, and then, using the software developed to read and display the STEP file. The results of this study improve the product data exchange and integration capabilities, lay a good foundation for generating the STEP-NC format file in the future, extracting the file STEP-NC machining information, and achieving CAD / CAM / CAPP integration system.