1,224 results on '"Dargan, Paul I"'
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152. Paracetamol toxicity in mild overdose in combination with opioids: A retrospective observational study.
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Amer, Halima, Archer, John R. H., Layne, Kerry, Dines, Alison M., Wood, David M., Greene, Shaun L., and Dargan, Paul I.
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DRUG overdose ,ACETAMINOPHEN ,ALANINE aminotransferase ,POISONS ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,OPIOIDS ,NOMOGRAPHY (Mathematics) - Abstract
Aims: Toxicity in paracetamol overdose with opioid co‐ingestion is poorly understood. We compared outcomes in both paracetamol‐only and paracetamol–opioid overdoses to determine whether toxicity differed significantly between the groups, and to assess the utility of the ratio of measured plasma paracetamol concentration relative to the 4‐hour nomogram‐adjusted level (APAPpl/APAPt). Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of all patients (n = 1159) presenting to 2 large UK hospitals between 2005 and 2013 with acute single‐dose ingestion paracetamol overdose, with (n = 221) or without (n = 938) opioid co‐ingestion. Adverse outcomes included biomarkers of hepatotoxicity and the need for extended treatment. Several outcomes were assessed in relation to the APAPpl/APAPt ratio. Results: Median ingested dose of paracetamol was low in both groups (10 g). Statistical comparison of the median APAPpl/APAPt ratios showed a significant difference (0.65 vs. 0.56 for the paracetamol‐only and paracetamol–opioid groups respectively, P =.0329). Although there was a trend towards a lower risk of predefined toxic outcomes with opioid co‐ingestion, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference, with outcomes for the paracetamol‐only and paracetamol–opioid groups including the following: alanine transaminase >2× upper limit of normal, 7.7 vs. 5.7% (P =.6480); alanine transaminase >1000 IU/L, 2.4 vs. 0% (P =.2145); international normalised ratio > 1.3, 8.6 vs. 4.4% (P =.2774); and transfer to tertiary liver unit, 0.2 vs. 0% (P nonsignificant). Conclusion: Our study does not support a change in current clinical practise beyond standard testing at 4 hours or longer post ingestion for mixed low dose paracetamol–opioid overdose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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153. How to use toxicology screening tests
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Archer, John R H, Wood, David M, and Dargan, Paul I
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- 2012
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154. Significant Pregabalin Toxicity Managed with Supportive Care Alone
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Wood, David M., Berry, David J., Glover, Guy, Eastwood, Jane, and Dargan, Paul I.
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- 2010
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155. Energy-1 (‘NRG-1’): donʼt believe what the newspapers say about it being legal
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Wood, David M, Davies, Susannah, Cummins, Aaron, Button, Jennifer, Holt, David W, Ramsey, John, and Dargan, Paul I
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- 2011
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156. Methaemoglobinaemia associated with the use of cocaine and volatile nitrites as recreational drugs: a review
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Hunter, Laura, Gordge, Laura, Dargan, Paul I., and Wood, David M.
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- 2011
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157. ICD-10 coding: poor identification of recreational drug presentations to a large emergency department
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Wood, David M, Conran, Pamela, and Dargan, Paul I
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- 2011
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158. Analysis of recreational drug samples obtained from patients presenting to a busy inner-city emergency department: a pilot study adding to knowledge on local recreational drug use
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Wood, David M, Panayi, Panayiota, Davies, Susannah, Huggett, Denise, Collignon, Ursula, Ramsey, John, Button, Jenny, Holt, David W, and Dargan, Paul I
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- 2011
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159. Understanding lactic acidosis in paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning
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Shah, Anoop D, Wood, David M, and Dargan, Paul I
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- 2011
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160. Prescription medicine misuse in the Asia–Pacific region: An evolving issue?
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Chan, Wui Ling, primary, Wood, David M., additional, and Dargan, Paul I., additional
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- 2020
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161. Regional, national and international datasets: How they improve our understanding of the acute harms associated with prescription medicine misuse
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Wood, David M., primary and Dargan, Paul I., additional
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- 2020
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162. An evaluation of online discussion relating to nonmedical use of prescription opioids within the UK
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Hockenhull, Joanna, primary, Black, Joshua C., additional, Bletz, Alex, additional, Margolin, Zachary, additional, Olson, Rick, additional, Wood, David M., additional, Dart, Richard C., additional, and Dargan, Paul I., additional
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- 2020
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163. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Wang, Haidong, primary, Abbas, Kaja M, additional, Abbasifard, Mitra, additional, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, additional, Abbastabar, Hedayat, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abolhassani, Hassan, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adair, Tim, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Advani, Shailesh M, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Aghaali, Mohammad, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmadi, Keivan, additional, Ahmadieh, Hamid, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, additional, Alanzi, Turki M, additional, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Alicandro, Gianfranco, additional, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, additional, Alinia, Cyrus, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Alizade, Hesam, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Alumran, Arwa Khalid, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, additional, Aminorroaya, Arya, additional, Amit, Arianna Maever L, additional, Ancuceanu, Robert, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Angus, Colin, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansari, Iman, additional, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antony, Catherine M, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Aryal, Krishna K, additional, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, additional, Asgari, Samaneh, additional, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, additional, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, additional, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Azarian, Ghasem, additional, Babaee, Ebrahim, additional, Badiye, Ashish D, additional, Bagli, Eleni, additional, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, additional, Bakhtiari, Ahad, additional, Balassyano, Shelly, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banik, Palash Chandra, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Barzegar, Akbar, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Bell, Michellr L, additional, Bennett, Derrick A, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, additional, Berman, Adam E, additional, Bertolacci, Gregory J, additional, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, additional, Bhala, Neeraj, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Biondi, Antonio, additional, Bisanzio, Donal, additional, Bisignano, Catherine, additional, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, additional, Bjørge, Tone, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bohluli, Mehdi, additional, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, additional, Borzì, Antonio Maria, additional, Borzouei, Shiva, additional, Brady, Oliver J, additional, Braithwaite, Dejana, additional, Brauer, Michael, additional, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, additional, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, additional, Bumgarner, Blair R, additional, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, additional, Cai, Tianji, additional, Callender, Charlton SKH, additional, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, additional, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carreras, Giulia, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, additional, Castelpietra, Giulio, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Catalá-López, Ferrán, additional, Cederroth, Christopher R, additional, Cerin, Ester, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, Chin, Ken Lee, additional, Chu, Dinh-Toi, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Comfort, Haley, additional, Costa, Vera Marisa, additional, Cowden, Richard G, additional, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, additional, Croneberger, Andrew J, additional, Cunningham, Matthew, additional, Dahlawi, Saad M A, additional, Damiani, Giovanni, additional, D'Amico, Emanuele, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Dargan, Paul I, additional, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Das Gupta, Rajat, additional, das Neves, José, additional, Davletov, Kairat, additional, De Leo, Diego, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Desai, Rupak, additional, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, additional, Dias da Silva, Diana, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Dippenaar, Ilse N, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Do, Hoa Thi, additional, Dokova, Klara, additional, Doku, David Teye, additional, Dorostkar, Fariba, additional, Doshi, Chirag P, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Doyle, Kerrie E, additional, Dubljanin, Eleonora, additional, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, Effiong, Andem, additional, El Sayed, Iman, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elbarazi, Iffat, additional, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, additional, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, additional, Estep, Kara, additional, Farahmand, Mohammad, additional, Faraj, Anwar, additional, Fareed, Mohammad, additional, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Fattahi, Nazir, additional, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, additional, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Ferreira, Manuela L, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Flohr, Carsten, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, additional, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, additional, Freitas, Marisa, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Fuller, John E, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gad, Mohamed M, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, additional, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Ghamari, Farhad, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, Gholamian, Asadollah, additional, Gilani, Syed Amir, additional, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, additional, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, additional, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Goulart, Alessandra C, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Subodh Sharan, additional, Haagsma, Juanita A, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, additional, Halvaei, Iman, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, additional, Han, Chieh, additional, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Haririan, Hamidreza, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hassanipour, Soheil, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Heibati, Behzad, additional, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, additional, Henny, Kiana, additional, Henry, Nathaniel J, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Hosgood, H Dean, additional, Hossain, Naznin, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Hoy, Damian G, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Huda, Tanvir M, additional, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, additional, Ikuta, Kevin S, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Ilic, Irena M, additional, Ilic, Milena D, additional, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, additional, Islam, MdMohaimenul, additional, Iso, Hiroyasu, additional, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, additional, Jaafari, Jalil, additional, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, additional, Jahagirdar, Deepa, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jalali, Amir, additional, Jalilian, Farzad, additional, James, Spencer L, additional, Janjani, Hosna, additional, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Joukar, Farahnaz, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kalani, Hamed, additional, Kalankesh, Leila R, additional, Kamiab, Zahra, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Kapoor, Neeti, additional, Karch, André, additional, Karimi, Salah Eddin, additional, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kawakami, Norito, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, additional, Keller, Cathleen, additional, Khader, Yousef Saleh, additional, Khalid, Nauman, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khan, Maseer, additional, Khang, Young-Ho, additional, Khater, Amir M, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khazaei, Salman, additional, Khazaie, Habibolah, additional, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, additional, Khubchandani, Jagdish, additional, Kianipour, Neda, additional, Kim, Cho-il, additional, Kim, Young-Eun, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kinfu, Yohannes, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kisa, Sezer, additional, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, additional, Kivimäki, Mika, additional, Komaki, Hamidreza, additional, Kopec, Jacek A, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kravchenko, Michael A, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Krohn, Kris J, additional, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Manasi, additional, Kumar, Pushpendra, additional, Kumar, Vivek, additional, Kusuma, Dian, additional, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Lacey, Ben, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Lami, Faris Hasan, additional, Lansky, Sonia, additional, Larson, Samantha Leigh, additional, Larsson, Anders O, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lassi, Zohra S, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, additional, Leever, Andrew T, additional, LeGrand, Kate E, additional, Leonardi, Matilde, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Lodha, Rakesh, additional, Logroscino, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lopukhov, Platon D, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lozano, Rafael, additional, Lu, Alton, additional, Lunevicius, Raimundas, additional, Madadin, Mohammed, additional, Maddison, Emilie R, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, additional, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, additional, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Mamun, Abdullah A, additional, Manafi, Navid, additional, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, additional, Mansouri, Borhan, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, additional, Martini, Santi, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Masaka, Anthony, additional, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, May, Erin A, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McGrath, John J, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Mehri, Fereshteh, additional, Mehta, Kala M, additional, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, additional, Memiah, Peter T N, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Menezes, Ritesh G, additional, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, additional, Mensah, George A, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Michalek, Irmina Maria, additional, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Mills, Edward J, additional, Milne, George J, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Mirzaei, Hamed, additional, Mirzaei, Maryam, additional, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, additional, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, additional, Mohamadi, Efat, additional, Mohammad, Dara K, additional, Mohammad, Yousef, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, additional, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, additional, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, additional, Mohammed, Hussen, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mohebi, Farnam, additional, Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A, additional, Mokari, Amin, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Momen, Natalie C, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Mooney, Meghan D, additional, Moradi, Ghobad, additional, Moradi, Masoud, additional, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, additional, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, additional, Morrison, Shane Douglas, additional, Mosser, Jonathan F, additional, Mouodi, Simin, additional, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, additional, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, additional, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Muthupandian, Saravanan, additional, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, additional, Naderi, Mehdi, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, additional, Naik, Gurudatta, additional, Najafi, Farid, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, additional, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, additional, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, additional, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, additional, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, additional, Nixon, Molly R, additional, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, additional, Nomura, Shuhei, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, additional, Nowak, Christoph, additional, Oţoiu, Adrian, additional, Odell, Christopher M, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Oladnabi, Morteza, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Omar Bali, Ahmed, additional, Ong, Kanyin L, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Ortiz, Alberto, additional, Otstavnov, Nikita, additional, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, additional, Øverland, Simon, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa O, additional, P A, Mahesh, additional, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, additional, Pakshir, Keyvan, additional, Palladino, Raffaele, additional, Pana, Adrian, additional, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, additional, Park, James, additional, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, additional, Patel, Jenil R, additional, Patel, Sangram Kishor, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Paulson, Katherine R, additional, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, additional, Pease, Spencer A, additional, Peden, Amy E, additional, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, additional, Peprah, Emmanuel K, additional, Pereira, Alexandre, additional, Pereira, David M, additional, Perico, Norberto, additional, Pigott, David M, additional, Pilgrim, Thomas, additional, Pilz, Tessa M, additional, Piradov, Michael A, additional, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, additional, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, additional, Postma, Maarten J, additional, Pourjafar, Hadi, additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Pourshams, Akram, additional, Poznańska, Anna, additional, Prada, Sergio I, additional, Prakash, Sanjay, additional, Preotescu, Liliana, additional, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, additional, Rabiee, Mohammad, additional, Rabiee, Navid, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rafiei, Alireza, additional, Raggi, Alberto, additional, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, additional, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, additional, Ram, Pradhum, additional, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, additional, Rao, Sowmya J, additional, Rasella, Davide, additional, Rashedi, Vahid, additional, Rastogi, Prateek, additional, Rathi, Priya, additional, Rawal, Lal, additional, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, additional, Renjith, Vishnu, additional, Renzaho, Andre M N, additional, Resnikoff, Serge, additional, Rezaei, Nima, additional, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, additional, Rezapour, Aziz, additional, Rickard, Jennifer, additional, Roever, Leonardo, additional, Ronfani, Luca, additional, Roshandel, Gholamreza, additional, Rostamian, Morteza, additional, Rubagotti, Enrico, additional, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, additional, Sabour, Siamak, additional, Saddik, Basema, additional, Sadeghi, Ehsan, additional, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, additional, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, additional, Safari, Yahya, additional, Safi, Sare, additional, Safiri, Saeid, additional, Sagar, Rajesh, additional, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, additional, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, additional, Sajadi, S Mohammad, additional, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, additional, Salama, Joseph S, additional, Salamati, Payman, additional, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, additional, Salimi, Yahya, additional, Salomon, Joshua A, additional, Salz, Inbal, additional, Samad, Zainab, additional, Samy, Abdallah M, additional, Sanabria, Juan, additional, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, additional, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, additional, Sartorius, Benn, additional, Sarveazad, Arash, additional, Sathian, Brijesh, additional, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, additional, Sattin, Davide, additional, Saylan, Mete, additional, Schaeffer, Lauren E, additional, Schiavolin, Silvia, additional, Schwebel, David C, additional, Schwendicke, Falk, additional, Sekerija, Mario, additional, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, additional, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, additional, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, additional, Serván-Mori, Edson, additional, Shabani, Mahsima, additional, Shahabi, Saeed, additional, Shahbaz, Mohammad, additional, Shaheen, Amira A, additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Shalash, Ali S, additional, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, additional, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, additional, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, additional, Shannawaz, Mohammed, additional, Sharafi, Kiomars, additional, Sharafi, Zeinab, additional, Sharara, Fablina, additional, Sharma, Rajesh, additional, Shaw, David H, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Shin, Jae Il, additional, Shiri, Rahman, additional, Shrime, Mark G, additional, Shuval, Kerem, additional, Siabani, Soraya, additional, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, additional, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, additional, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, additional, Simonetti, Biagio, additional, Simpson, Kyle E, additional, Singh, Jasvinder A, additional, Skiadaresi, Eirini, additional, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, additional, Soheili, Amin, additional, Sokhan, Anton, additional, Sorensen, Reed J D, additional, Soriano, Joan B, additional, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, additional, Soyiri, Ireneous N, additional, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, additional, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, additional, Stockfelt, Leo, additional, Stokes, Mark A, additional, Stubbs, Jacob L, additional, Sudaryanto, Agus, additional, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, additional, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, additional, Sykes, Bryan L, additional, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, additional, Tabb, Karen M, additional, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, additional, Taherkhani, Amir, additional, Tang, Muming, additional, Taveira, Nuno, additional, Taylor, Heather Jean, additional, Teagle, Whitney L, additional, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, additional, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, additional, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, additional, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, additional, Thomas, Nihal, additional, Thrift, Amanda G, additional, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, additional, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, additional, Tonelli, Marcello, additional, Topor-Madry, Roman, additional, Topouzis, Fotis, additional, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, additional, Traini, Eugenio, additional, Tran, Bach Xuan, additional, Travillian, Ravensara, additional, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, additional, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, additional, Tudor Car, Lorainne, additional, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, additional, Upadhyay, Era, additional, Vacante, Marco, additional, Vakilian, Alireza, additional, Valdez, Pascual R, additional, Valli, Alessandro, additional, Vardavas, Constantine, additional, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, additional, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, additional, Vasseghian, Yasser, additional, Veisani, Yousef, additional, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, additional, Vidale, Simone, additional, Violante, Francesco S, additional, Vlassov, Vasily, additional, Vollset, Stein Emil, additional, Vos, Theo, additional, Vujcic, Isidora S, additional, Vukovic, Ana, additional, Vukovic, Rade, additional, Waheed, Yasir, additional, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, additional, Walters, Magdalene K, additional, Wang, Hongbo, additional, Wang, Yuan-Pang, additional, Watson, Stefanie, additional, Wei, Jingkai, additional, Weiss, Jordan, additional, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, additional, Werdecker, Andrea, additional, Westerman, Ronny, additional, Whiteford, Harvey A, additional, Wiangkham, Taweewat, additional, Wiens, Kirsten E, additional, Wijeratne, Tissa, additional, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, additional, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, additional, Wolfe, Charles D A, additional, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, additional, Wool, Eve E, additional, Wu, Ai-Min, additional, Wu, Junjie, additional, Xu, Gelin, additional, Yamada, Tomohide, additional, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, additional, Yano, Yuichiro, additional, Yaya, Sanni, additional, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, additional, Yearwood, Jamal A, additional, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, additional, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, additional, Yip, Paul, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Yoon, Seok-Jun, additional, Yoosefi Lebni, Javad, additional, York, Hunter W, additional, Younis, Mustafa Z, additional, Younker, Theodore Patrick, additional, Yousefi, Zabihollah, additional, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, additional, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, additional, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, additional, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, additional, Zakzuk, Josefina, additional, Zaman, Sojib Bin, additional, Zamani, Mohammad, additional, Zamanian, Maryam, additional, Zandian, Hamed, additional, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, additional, Zheng, Peng, additional, Zhou, Maigeng, additional, Ziapour, Arash, additional, and Murray, Christopher J L, additional
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- 2020
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164. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Murray, Christopher J L, primary, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, additional, Zheng, Peng, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbas, Kaja M, additional, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, additional, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, additional, Abolhassani, Hassan, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Abualhasan, Ahmed, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, additional, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adham, Davoud, additional, Advani, Shailesh M, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmad, Tauseef, additional, Ahmadi, Keivan, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadieh, Hamid, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi, additional, Akombi, Blessing, additional, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Samiah, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, additional, Alanzi, Turki M, additional, Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, additional, Alhabib, Khalid F, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Saqib, additional, Alicandro, Gianfranco, additional, Alinia, Cyrus, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Alizade, Hesam, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, additional, Amiri, Fatemeh, additional, Amugsi, Dickson A, additional, Ancuceanu, Robert, additional, Anderlini, Deanna, additional, Anderson, Jason A, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Andrei, Tudorel, additional, Angus, Colin, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, additional, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antony, Catherine M, additional, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Anwer, Razique, additional, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Ariani, Filippo, additional, Armoon, Bahram, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Arzani, Afsaneh, additional, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, additional, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, additional, Ashbaugh, Charlie, additional, Assmus, Michael, additional, Atafar, Zahra, additional, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, additional, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, additional, Ausloos, Floriane, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Azarian, Ghasem, additional, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Badiye, Ashish D, additional, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, additional, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, additional, Bakhtiari, Ahad, additional, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, additional, Baldasseroni, Alberto, additional, Ball, Kylie, additional, Ballew, Shoshana H, additional, Balzi, Daniela, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banerjee, Srikanta K, additional, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, additional, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Barrero, Lope H, additional, Barthelemy, Celine M, additional, Barua, Lingkan, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Becker, Jacob S, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Béjot, Yannick, additional, Bell, Michellr L, additional, Bennitt, Fiona B, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, additional, Berman, Adam E, additional, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, additional, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, additional, Bhala, Neeraj, additional, Bhandari, Dinesh, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, additional, Biondi, Antonio, additional, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, additional, Bisignano, Catherine, additional, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, additional, Bitew, Helen, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bohluli, Mehdi, additional, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S, additional, Borges, Guilherme, additional, Borzì, Antonio Maria, additional, Borzouei, Shiva, additional, Bosetti, Cristina, additional, Boufous, Soufiane, additional, Braithwaite, Dejana, additional, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, additional, Breitner, Susanne, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, additional, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, additional, Britton, Gabrielle B, additional, Bryazka, Dana, additional, Bumgarner, Blair R, additional, Burkart, Katrin, additional, Burnett, Richard Thomas, additional, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, additional, Cahill, Leah E, additional, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, additional, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carreras, Giulia, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, additional, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, additional, Castelpietra, Giulio, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Causey, Kate, additional, Cederroth, Christopher R, additional, Cercy, Kelly M, additional, Cerin, Ester, additional, Chandan, Joht Singh, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Charlson, Fiona J, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, Chaturvedi, Sarika, additional, Cherbuin, Nicolas, additional, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, additional, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, additional, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, additional, Christensen, Hanne, additional, Chu, Dinh-Toi, additional, Chung, Michael T, additional, Chung, Sheng-Chia, additional, Cicuttini, Flavia M, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, additional, Cohen, Aaron J, additional, Compton, Kelly, additional, Cooper, Owen R, additional, Costa, Vera Marisa, additional, Cousin, Ewerton, additional, Cowden, Richard G, additional, Cross, Di H, additional, Cruz, Jessica A, additional, Dahlawi, Saad M A, additional, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, additional, Damiani, Giovanni, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Dangel, William James, additional, Danielsson, Anna-Karin, additional, Dargan, Paul I, additional, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Das, Jai K, additional, Das Gupta, Rajat, additional, das Neves, José, additional, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, additional, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, additional, De Leo, Diego, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, DeLang, Marissa, additional, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, additional, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, additional, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, additional, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, additional, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, additional, Dias da Silva, Diana, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Do, Hoa Thi, additional, Dokova, Klara, additional, Dorostkar, Fariba, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Driscoll, Tim Robert, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, additional, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, El Nahas, Nevine, additional, El Sayed, Iman, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elbarazi, Iffat, additional, Elgendy, Islam Y, additional, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, additional, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, additional, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, additional, Erskine, Holly E, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Estep, Kara, additional, Etemadi, Arash, additional, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, additional, Fanzo, Jessica, additional, Farahmand, Mohammad, additional, Fareed, Mohammad, additional, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Faruque, Mithila, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Fattahi, Nazir, additional, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Feldman, Rachel, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Ferrara, Giannina, additional, Ferrari, Alize J, additional, Ferreira, Manuela L, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fisher, James L, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, additional, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, additional, Force, Lisa M, additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Franklin, Richard Charles, additional, Freitas, Marisa, additional, Fu, Weijia, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gad, Mohamed M, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, additional, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, additional, Geremew, Abraham, additional, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Ghadimi, Maryam, additional, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, additional, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, additional, Ghafourifard, Mansour, additional, Ghamari, Farhad, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, Ghiasvand, Hesam, additional, Ghith, Nermin, additional, Gholamian, Asadollah, additional, Ghosh, Rakesh, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Ginindza, Themba G G, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, additional, Goharinezhad, Salime, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Gorini, Giuseppe, additional, Goudarzi, Houman, additional, Goulart, Alessandra C, additional, Greaves, Felix, additional, Grivna, Michal, additional, Grosso, Giuseppe, additional, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander, additional, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, additional, Guled, Rashid Abdi, additional, Guo, Gaorui, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Tarun, additional, Haddock, Beatrix, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Hafiz, Abdul, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, additional, Hall, Brian J, additional, Halvaei, Iman, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Hammer, Melanie S, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Haririan, Hamidreza, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hasan, Md Mehedi, additional, Hasanpoor, Edris, additional, Hashi, Abdiwahab, additional, Hassanipour, Soheil, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hayat, Khezar, additional, Heidari, Golnaz, additional, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, additional, Henrikson, Hannah J, additional, Herbert, Molly E, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, additional, Hird, Thomas R, additional, Hoek, Hans W, additional, Holla, Ramesh, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Hosgood, H Dean, additional, Hossain, Naznin, additional, Hosseini, Mostafa, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Hsairi, Mohamed, additional, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Hu, Kejia, additional, Huda, Tanvir M, additional, Humayun, Ayesha, additional, Huynh, Chantal K, additional, Hwang, Bing-Fang, additional, Iannucci, Vincent C, additional, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, additional, Ikeda, Nayu, additional, Ikuta, Kevin S, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Ilic, Irena M, additional, Ilic, Milena D, additional, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, additional, Ippolito, Helen, additional, Iqbal, Usman, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, additional, Islam, M Mofizul, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Iso, Hiroyasu, additional, Ivers, Rebecca Q, additional, Iwu, Chidozie C D, additional, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, additional, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, additional, Jaafari, Jalil, additional, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, additional, Jafari, Hussain, additional, Jafarinia, Morteza, additional, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Jalilian, Farzad, additional, James, Spencer L, additional, Janjani, Hosna, additional, Javaheri, Tahereh, additional, Javidnia, Javad, additional, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, additional, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Johansson, Lars, additional, John, Oommen, additional, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, additional, Johnson, Catherine Owens, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Joukar, Farahnaz, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Ali, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kalani, Hamed, additional, Kalani, Rizwan, additional, Kalankesh, Leila R, additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Kapoor, Neeti, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karch, André, additional, Karim, Mohd Anisul, additional, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, additional, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, additional, Keller, Cathleen, additional, Kemmer, Laura, additional, Kendrick, Parkes J, additional, Khalid, Nauman, additional, Khammarnia, Mohammad, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khan, Maseer, additional, Khatab, Khaled, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, additional, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, additional, Khazaei, Salman, additional, Kieling, Christian, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kisa, Sezer, additional, Kivimäki, Mika, additional, Knibbs, Luke D, additional, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, additional, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, additional, Kochhar, Sonali, additional, Kopec, Jacek A, additional, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kraemer, Moritz U G, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Krohn, Kris J, additional, Kromhout, Hans, additional, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Vivek, additional, Kurmi, Om P, additional, Kusuma, Dian, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Lacey, Ben, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Lallukka, Tea, additional, Lami, Faris Hasan, additional, Landires, Iván, additional, Lang, Justin J, additional, Langan, Sinéad M, additional, Larsson, Anders O, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lauriola, Paolo, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, additional, LeGrand, Kate E, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Leonardi, Matilde, additional, Lescinsky, Haley, additional, Leung, Janni, additional, Levi, Miriam, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Liu, Shiwei, additional, Liu, Simin, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Lo, Justin, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, additional, Lopukhov, Platon D, additional, Lorkowski, Stefan, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lu, Alton, additional, Lugo, Alessandra, additional, Maddison, Emilie R, additional, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, additional, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, additional, Mahmoudi, Morteza, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Maleki, Afshin, additional, Maleki, Shokofeh, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mamun, Abdullah A, additional, Manda, Ana Laura, additional, Manguerra, Helena, additional, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, additional, Mansouri, Borhan, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, additional, Maravilla, Joemer C, additional, Marks, Ashley, additional, Martin, Randall V, additional, Martini, Santi, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Masaka, Anthony, additional, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, Matsushita, Kunihiro, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McGrath, John J, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Mehri, Fereshteh, additional, Mehta, Kala M, additional, Memish, Ziad A, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Menezes, Ritesh G, additional, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, additional, Mereke, Alibek, additional, Mereta, Seid Tiku, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Miazgowski, Bartosz, additional, Miazgowski, Tomasz, additional, Michalek, Irmina Maria, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Mills, Edward J, additional, Mini, GK, additional, Miri, Mohammad, additional, Mirica, Andreea, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Mirzaei, Hamed, additional, Mirzaei, Maryam, additional, Mirzaei, Roya, additional, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, additional, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, additional, Mithra, Prasanna, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Mohammad, Dara K, additional, Mohammad, Yousef, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, additional, Mohammadifard, Noushin, additional, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, additional, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, additional, Mohammed, Hussen, additional, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Molokhia, Mariam, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Mooney, Meghan D, additional, Moradi, Ghobad, additional, Moradi, Masoud, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Morawska, Lidia, additional, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, additional, Morrison, Shane Douglas, additional, Mosapour, Abbas, additional, Mosser, Jonathan F, additional, Mouodi, Simin, additional, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, additional, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, additional, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, additional, Mullany, Erin C, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Muthupandian, Saravanan, additional, Nabhan, Ashraf F, additional, Naderi, Mehdi, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Nagel, Gabriele, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, additional, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, additional, Najafi, Farid, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, additional, Naserbakht, Morteza, additional, Nayak, Vinod C, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, additional, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Nguyen, Minh, additional, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, additional, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, additional, Nixon, Molly R, additional, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, additional, Nomura, Shuhei, additional, Norrving, Bo, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Nowak, Christoph, additional, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, additional, Oţoiu, Adrian, additional, Oancea, Bogdan, additional, Odell, Christopher M, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, additional, Oladnabi, Morteza, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Omer, Muktar Omer, additional, Ong, Kanyin L, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Orpana, Heather M, additional, Ortiz, Alberto, additional, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, additional, Osei, Frank B, additional, Ostroff, Samuel M, additional, Otstavnov, Nikita, additional, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, additional, Øverland, Simon, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa O, additional, P A, Mahesh, additional, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, additional, Palladino, Raffaele, additional, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, additional, Pandey, Anamika, additional, Parry, Charles D H, additional, Pasovic, Maja, additional, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, additional, Patel, Sangram Kishor, additional, Pathak, Mona, additional, Patten, Scott B, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, additional, Peden, Amy E, additional, Pennini, Alyssa, additional, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, additional, Peprah, Emmanuel K, additional, Pereira, David M, additional, Pesudovs, Konrad, additional, Pham, Hai Quang, additional, Phillips, Michael R, additional, Piccinelli, Cristiano, additional, Pilz, Tessa M, additional, Piradov, Michael A, additional, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, additional, Plass, Dietrich, additional, Polinder, Suzanne, additional, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, additional, Pond, Constance Dimity, additional, Postma, Maarten J, additional, Pourjafar, Hadi, additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Poznańska, Anna, additional, Prada, Sergio I, additional, Prakash, V, additional, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, additional, Pupillo, Elisabetta, additional, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, additional, Rabiee, Mohammad, additional, Rabiee, Navid, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rafiee, Ata, additional, Raggi, Alberto, additional, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, additional, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, additional, Rajati, Fatemeh, additional, Rakovac, Ivo, additional, Ram, Pradhum, additional, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, additional, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, additional, Rao, Puja C, additional, Rao, 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- 2020
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165. Pharmacokinetics of Mephedrone and Its Metabolites in Whole Blood and Plasma after Controlled Intranasal Administration to Healthy Human Volunteers
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Czerwinska, Joanna, primary, Parkin, Mark C, additional, George, Claire, additional, Kicman, Andrew T, additional, Dargan, Paul I, additional, and Abbate, Vincenzo, additional
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- 2020
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166. Non‐medical use of benzodiazepines and GABA analogues in Europe
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Hockenhull, Joanna, primary, Amioka, Elise, additional, Black, Joshua C., additional, Forber, Alyssa, additional, Haynes, Colleen M., additional, Wood, David M., additional, Dart, Richard C., additional, and Dargan, Paul I., additional
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- 2020
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167. Comparative Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Psychostimulants 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine (MDMA), Amphetamine, and the Novel Psychoactive Substance Mephedrone after Controlled Drug Administration to Humans
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Steuer, Andrea E., primary, Kaelin, Daria, additional, Boxler, Martina I., additional, Eisenbeiss, Lisa, additional, Holze, Friederike, additional, Vizeli, Patrick, additional, Czerwinska, Joanna, additional, Dargan, Paul I., additional, Abbate, Vincenzo, additional, Liechti, Matthias E., additional, and Kraemer, Thomas, additional
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- 2020
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168. Nonmedical use of benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs in the UK
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Hockenhull, Joanna, primary, Black, Joshua C., additional, Haynes, Colleen M., additional, Rockhill, Karilynn, additional, Dargan, Paul I., additional, Dart, Richard C., additional, and Wood, David M., additional
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- 2020
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169. Assessing the effect of extracorporeal treatments for lithium poisoning
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Lavergne, Valery, primary, Ghannoum, Marc, additional, Gosselin, Sophie, additional, Goldfarb, David, additional, Nolin, Thomas D., additional, Dargan, Paul I., additional, and Roberts, Darren M., additional
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- 2020
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170. The challenge of the novel psychoactive substances: How have we responded and what are the implications of this response?
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Wood, David M., primary and Dargan, Paul I., additional
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- 2020
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171. Evaluation of long‐term detection trends of new psychoactive substances in pooled urine from city street portable urinals (London, UK)
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Archer, John R.H., primary, Mendes, Fiona, additional, Hudson, Simon, additional, Layne, Kerry, additional, Dargan, Paul I., additional, and Wood, David M., additional
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- 2020
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172. Detection of mephedrone and its metabolites in fingerprints from a controlled human administration study by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and paper spray-mass spectrometry
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Czerwinska, Joanna, primary, Jang, Min, additional, Costa, Catia, additional, Parkin, Mark C., additional, George, Claire, additional, Kicman, Andrew T., additional, Bailey, Melanie J., additional, Dargan, Paul I., additional, and Abbate, Vincenzo, additional
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- 2020
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173. Hepatic Toxicology
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JONES, ALISON L., primary and DARGAN, PAUL I., additional
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- 2007
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174. CONTRIBUTORS
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Aaron, Cynthia K., primary, Akhtar, Jawaid, additional, Aks, Steven E., additional, Albertson, Timothy E., additional, Aleguas, Alfred, additional, Allison, Linda G., additional, Anderson, Angela C., additional, Arias, Juan C., additional, Baer, Alexander B., additional, Baud, Frèdèric J., additional, Baum, Carl R., additional, Belson, Martin, additional, Benitez, John G., additional, Benowitz, Neal L., additional, Betten, David P., additional, Betts, Brian Christopher, additional, Betts, Lawrence Stilwell, additional, Beuhler, Michael, additional, Bird, Steven B., additional, Blume-Odom, Carolyn M., additional, Borron, Stephen W., additional, Boyer, Edward W., additional, Bradberry, Sally M., additional, Brent, Jeffrey, additional, Brush, D. Eric, additional, Burns, Michael J., additional, Caldera, Javier R., additional, Caraccio, Thomas R., additional, Cetaruk, Edward W., additional, Chan, Andrew, additional, Chase, Peter B., additional, Cisek, James, additional, Clark, Richard F., additional, Cumpston, Kirk L., additional, Curry, Steven C., additional, Dargan,, Paul I., additional, Daubert, G. Patrick, additional, Delgado, João, additional, Dobiesz, Valerie A., additional, Donovan, J. Ward, additional, Dowsett, Robert P., additional, Dueñas-Laita, Antonio, additional, Eisenberg, Judith M., additional, Erickson, Timothy B., additional, Burns Ewald, Michele, additional, Farrell, Susan, additional, Fatovich, Tania M., additional, Fernàndez, Miguel C., additional, Fijen, J.W., additional, Foley, Chris, additional, Furbee, R. Brent, additional, Geib, Ann-Jeannette, additional, Geller, Robert J., additional, Germann, Carl A., additional, Givens, Melissa L., additional, Goans, Ronald E., additional, Goldschlager, Nora, additional, Graudins, Andis, additional, Greenberg, Michael I., additional, Guidotti, Tee L., additional, Hall, Alan H., additional, Haller, Christine A., additional, Handel, Daniel A., additional, Hantson, Philippe, additional, Hedge, Matthew W., additional, Henretig, Fred M., additional, Holland, Michael G., additional, Hovda, Knut Erik, additional, Jacobsen, Dag, additional, Jones, Alison L., additional, Juurlink, David N., additional, Kazzi, Ziad N., additional, Kenyon, Nicholas J., additional, Kerr, Fergus, additional, Keyes, Daniel C., additional, Kilbourne, Edwin M., additional, Kingston, Richard, additional, Kirk, Mark A., additional, Klein, Laura J., additional, Kleinschmidt, Kurt C., additional, Klein-Schwartz, Wendy, additional, Krenzelok, Edward P., additional, Lai, Melisa W., additional, Lapostolle, Frèdèric, additional, Lavonas, Eric J., additional, Levine, Michael, additional, Lewander, William J., additional, Liang, Ivan E., additional, Liebelt, Erica L., additional, Linakis, James G., additional, Linden, Christopher H., additional, Lynton, Richard, additional, Mannix, Rebekah C., additional, Maypole, Jack, additional, McFee, R.B., additional, McKay, Charles, additional, McNally, Jude, additional, Mégarbane, Bruno, additional, Meulenbelt, J., additional, Mirkin, Dana B., additional, Morgan, Brent W., additional, Morrissey, Brian, additional, Muller, Allison A., additional, Murphy, Nancy G., additional, Nañagas, Kristine A., additional, Nemhauser, Jeffrey B., additional, Nikkanen, Heikki Erik, additional, Olson, Kent R., additional, Osterloh, John D., additional, Palatnick, Wesley, additional, Palmer, Robert B., additional, Perez, Alberto, additional, Perry, Holly E., additional, Phillips, Scott D., additional, Pigott, David C., additional, Pinkert, Heidi, additional, Proudfoot, Alex T., additional, Prueitt, Rouhollah, additional, Quang, Lawrence S., additional, Rhee, James W., additional, Richardson, William H., additional, Rittenberger, Jon C., additional, Salhanick, Steven D., additional, Scalzo, Anthony J., additional, Schuller, Heather K., additional, Schwartz, Michael D., additional, Seger, Donna, additional, Shannon, Michael W., additional, Shrestha, Mahesh, additional, Sioris, Leo J., additional, Sivilotti, Marco L., additional, Skarbek-Borowska, Sara, additional, Smolinske, Susan C., additional, Snook, Curtis P., additional, Spoerke, David G., additional, Suchard, Jeffrey R., additional, Sue, Young-Jin, additional, Sztajnkrycer, Matthew D., additional, Ternullo, Sharon, additional, Thai, Dung, additional, Tharratt, R. Steven, additional, Thomas, Jerry D., additional, Thomas, Karen E., additional, Thundiyil, Josef G., additional, Tomassoni, Anthony J., additional, Traub, Stephen J., additional, Trestrail III, John Harris, additional, Vale, J. Allister, additional, Vena, Jason, additional, Walter, Frank G., additional, Wang, Richard Y., additional, Warfield, Sharita E., additional, Wax, Paul M., additional, White, Suzanne R., additional, Wiley, James F., additional, Williams, Saralyn R., additional, Woolf, Alan David, additional, Yarema, Mark, additional, and Yip, Luke, additional
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- 2007
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175. Patient knowledge of the paracetamol content of over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics, cough/cold remedies and prescription medications
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Wood, David M, English, Edward, Butt, Saera, Ovaska, Hanna, Garnham, Francesca, and Dargan, Paul I
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- 2010
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176. Availability of and use of Intralipid (lipid rescue therapy, lipid emulsion) in England and Wales
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Hamann, Philip, Dargan, Paul I, Parbat, Nisha, Ovaska, Hanna, and Wood, David M
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- 2010
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177. Putting cocaine use and cocaine-associated cardiac arrhythmias into epidemiological and clinical perspective
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Wood, David M. and Dargan, Paul I.
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- 2010
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178. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Lozano, Rafael, Fullman, Nancy, Abate, Degu, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abebe, Zegeye, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me, Abyu, Gebre Y, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Albujeer, Ammar, Alebel, Animut, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Almasi, Ali, Al-Maskari, Fatma, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amenu, Kebede, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Monika, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Ataro, Zerihun, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza, Azzopardi, Peter S, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Amitava, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Barthelemy, Celine M, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Battista, Robert J, Baune, Bernhard T, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhansali, Anil, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Biehl, Molly H, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bitew, Helen, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bjertness, Espen, Bobasa, Eshetu Mulisa, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brainin, Michael, Brant, Luisa C, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Bukhman, Gene, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Callender, Charlton SKH, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Çavlin, Alanur, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Claßen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, 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GENDER-DIFFERENCES ,SUICIDE ,Medicine (all) ,Burden of Disease Study 2017 ,SDG ,CONSUMPTION ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,GBD, Sustainable Development Goals ,PREVENTION ,ALCOHOL-USE ,CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE ,SMOKING PREVALENCE ,General & Internal Medicine ,factors risk ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Human medicine ,CESSATION ,PERSPECTIVE ,TRANSITION - Abstract
Background Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health -related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods We measured progress on 41 health-related S DG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2.5th percentile and 100 as the 97.5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59.4 (IQR 35.4-67.3), ranging from a low of 11.6 (95% uncertainty interval 9.6-14.0) to a high of 84.9 (83.1-86.7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attaimnent by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health -related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health -related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence -related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains curative interventions in the case of NCDs towards multisectoral, prevention -oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the S DGs. What is clear is that our actions or inaction today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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179. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Roth, Gregory A., Collaborotors, G. B. 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Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J., Hoy, Damian C., Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Husseini, Abdullatif, Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama, Hutfless, Susan, Idrisov, Bulat, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Nazrul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovlievic, Mihajlo, Jalu, Moti Tolera, James, Spencer L., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenkins, Kathy J., Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Johnson, Catherine O., Johnson, Sarah C., Jonas, Jost B., Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jurisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Karami, Manoochehr, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine, Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H., Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kazi, Dhruv Satish, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M., Khoja, Abdullah T., Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A., Kibret, Getiye D., Kidanemariam, Zelalem Teklemariam, Kiirithio, Daniel N., Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kinuk, Kumar, G. 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N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Meshovic, Tbmislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I., Miller, Ted R., Katherine, Molly, Petrie, Miller, Mini, G. K., Mirabi, Parvaneh, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammed, A. 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Miller, Tr, Miller-Petrie, Mk, Mini, Gk, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misganaw, At, Mohammad, Ka, Mohammed, Ma, Mokdad, Ah, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morrison, Sd, Moschos, Mm, Mousavi, Sm, Muchie, Kf, Mueller, Uo, Mumford, Je, Musa, Ki, Nachega, Jb, Nansseu, Jr, Nascimento, Br, Negoi, Ri, Newton, Crj, Ngalesoni, Fn, Ngunjiri, Jw, Nguyen, Aq, Nguyen, Ht, Nguyen, Lh, Nguyen, Th, Ningrum, Dna, Nirayo, Yl, Nixon, Mr, Norheim, Of, Noubiap, Jj, Nouri, Hr, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M, Nowroozi, Mr, Odell, Cm, Ogbo, Fa, Oh, Ih, Olagunju, At, Olivares, Pr, Olsen, He, Olusanya, Bo, Olusanya, Jo, Ong, Kl, Ong, Sk, Orpana, Hm, Ortiz, Jr, Øverland, S, Owolabi, Mo, Özdemir, R, P A, M, Pakhare, Ap, Pakpour, Ah, Pandian, Jd, Park, Ek, Parry, Cdh, Patton, Gc, Paturi, Vr, Paulson, Kr, Pereira, Dm, Phillips, Mr, Piel, Fb, Pigott, Dm, Pillay, Jd, Postma, Mj, Purcell, Ca, Quistberg, Da, Rade, Kw, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, Mhu, Rahman, Ma, Rai, Rk, Ranabhat, Cl, Rao, Pc, Rawaf, Dl, Razo-García, C, Reiner, Rc, Reitsma, Mb, Renzaho, Amn, Riahi, Sm, Ribeiro, Alp, Rios-Blancas, Mj, Roba, Kt, Roberts, Nl, Robinson, Sr, Sahraian, Ma, Saldanha, Rf, Sambala, Ez, Samy, Am, Sanchez-Niño, Md, Santomauro, Df, Santos, Jv, Milicevic, Mm, Sao Jose, Bp, Sarker, Ar, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Sawant, Ar, Schmidt, Mi, Schneider, Ijc, Schöttker, B, Schutte, Ae, Schwebel, Dc, Scott, Jg, Sepanlou, Sg, Serván-Mori, E, Shackelford, Ka, Shaheen, Aa, Shaikh, Ma, Shrime, Mg, Siddiqi, Tj, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silberberg, Dh, Silva, Da, Silva, Jp, Silva, Ntd, Silveira, Dga, Singh, Ja, Singh, Np, Singh, Pk, Sinha, Dn, Sobaih, Bh, Sorensen, Rjd, Soriano, Jb, Soyiri, In, Sposato, La, Sreeramareddy, Ct, Stanaway, Jd, Starodubov, Vi, Stein, Dj, Stewart, Lg, Stokes, Ma, Subart, Ml, Sufiyan, Mb, Sur, Pj, Sykes, Bl, Sylaja, Pn, Sylte, Do, Szoeke, Cei, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tadakamadla, Sk, Tassew, Sg, Tekalign, Tg, Tekle, Mg, Temsah, Mh, Teshale, My, Tessema, Ga, Thankappan, Kr, Thrift, Ag, Thurston, Gd, To, Qg, Torre, Ae, Tortajada-Girbés, M, Tovani-Palone, Mr, Tran, Bx, Tran, Kb, Troeger, Ce, Truelsen, Tc, Truong, Nt, Tsadik, Ag, Tuzcu, Em, Ukwaja, Kn, Undurraga, Ea, Updike, Rl, Uthman, Oa, Uzun, Sb, Valdez, Pr, Vasankari, Tj, Vladimirov, Sk, Vollset, Se, Wagner, Gr, Wallin, Mt, Walson, Jl, Wang, Yp, Wassie, Mm, Weintraub, Rg, Weldegwergs, Kg, Werkneh, Aa, West, Te, Whiteford, Ha, Wilner, Lb, Wolfe, Cda, Wu, Yc, Wyper, Gma, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Sh, Yan, Ll, Yasin, Yj, Yentür, Gk, Yimer, Em, Yirsaw, Bd, Yoon, Sj, Younis, Mz, Zaman, Sb, Zeleke, Aj, Zenebe, Zm, Zhang, Al, Zuhlke, Lj, and Murray, Cjl.
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,national age-sex-specific mortality ,UNITED-STATES ,Global Health ,Socioeconomic Factor ,Global Burden of Disease ,GBD, causes of death ,Young Adult ,Age Distribution ,Life Expectancy ,General & Internal Medicine ,Cause of Death ,PUBLIC-HEALTH PROBLEM ,mortality ,282 causes global burden of disease ,Sex Distribution ,Child ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,BARRIERS ,DEMENTIA ,Medicine (all) ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,Middle Aged ,TRENDS ,PREVENTION ,PREVALENCE ,ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE ,INDIVIDUALS ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Child, Preschool ,REGISTRATION ,Female ,Human medicine ,Human - Abstract
Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODErn), to generate cause fractions and cause specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised. Findings At the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NC Ds) comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72.5-74.1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for 186% (17.9-19.6), and injuries 8.0% (7.7-8.2). Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007 to 2017 by 22.7% (21.5-23.9), representing an additional 7.61 million (7. 20-8.01) deaths estimated in 2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased globally by 7.9% (7.08.8). The number of deaths for CMNN causes decreased by 222% (20.0-24.0) and the death rate by 31.8% (30.1-33.3). Total deaths from injuries increased by 2.3% (0-5-4-0) between 2007 and 2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by 13.7% (12.2-15.1) to 57.9 deaths (55.9-59.2) per 100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also increased, rising from 284 000 deaths (268 000-289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000 (334 000-363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by 118.0% (88.8-148.6). A greater reduction in total deaths and death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a 36.4% (32.2-40.6) reduction in deaths from lower respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years compared with a 33.6% (31.2-36.1) increase in adults older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs from enteric infections, respirator}, infections and tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles. The leading causes of YLLs in 1990 neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases were ranked second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in 2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases. Interpretation Improvements in global health have been unevenly distributed among populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past decade. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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180. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Sk, Vollset, Se, Vu, Gt, Waller, Sg, Walson, Jl, Wang, Yp, Weintraub, Rg, Werkneh, Aa, West, Jj, Whiteford, Ha, Wiyeh, Ab, Wolfe, Cda, Wong, Ty, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Sh, Yan, Ll, Yasin, Yj, Yimer, Em, Yoon, Sj, Younis, Mz, Zaman, Sb, Zhang, Al, Zimsen, Srm, Murray, Cjl., Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ademi, Zanfina, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adib, Mina G, Admasie, Amha, Adsuar, Jose C, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, 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Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Hannah J, Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomas, Nihal, Thurston, George D, Tilahun, Binyam, Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tymeson, Hayley D, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R, Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santo, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Waller, Stephen G, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Werdecker, Andrea, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, West, J Jason, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wong, Tien Yin, Wu, Shouling, Xavier, Deni, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zavala-Arciniega, Lui, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Kai, Zhou, Maigeng, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zodpey, Sanjay, and Murray, Christopher J L
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Science & Technology ,GBD, risks ,risk factors ,comparative risk assesment ,Dalys ,Medicine (all) ,CHOLESTEROL ,BLOOD-PRESSURE ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,ILLNESS ,TRENDS ,humanities ,Medicine, General & Internal ,TOBACCO CONTROL ,General & Internal Medicine ,parasitic diseases ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES ,TRIAL ,Human medicine ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,METAANALYSIS - Abstract
Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk– outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Lancet 2018; 392: 1923–94 *Collaborators listed at the end of the paper Correspondence to: Prof Christopher J L Murray, Institute for Health Metrics and Evalution, Seattle, WA 98121, USA cjlm@uw.edu Global Health Metrics 1924 www.thelancet.com Vol 392 November 10, 2018 Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning.
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181. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Murray, Christopher J L, Callender, Charlton S K H, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Srinivasan, Vinay, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdoli, Nasrin, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abreu, Daisy Maria Xavier, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi, Ali, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari, Atique, Suleman, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Baune, Bernhard T, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bergeron, Gilles, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Biswas, Tuhin, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bleyer, Archie, Basara, Berrak Bora, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Brewer, Jerry D, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Burstein, Roy, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Çavlin, Alanur, Cerin, Ester, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Constantin, Maria-Magdalena, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cromwell, Elizabeth, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cukelj, Petra, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Weaver, Nicole Davis, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Degfie, Tizta Tilahun, Deiparine, Selina, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demtsu, Balem, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dinsa, Girmaye Deye, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dolan, Kate A, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, 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Sanjay Madhav, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehrzadi, Saeed, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Mekonnen, Tefera C, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miangotar, Yode, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G K, Mirabi, Parvaneh, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, Maryam, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Dl, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez, Julio Cesar, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Mahmoudreza, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Murphy, Tasha B, Murthy, G V S, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Paulami, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nawaz, Haseeb, Ncama, Busisiwe P, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nixon, Molly R, Nomura, Shuhei, Noroozi, Mehdi, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nyandwi, Alypio, Nyasulu, Peter S, Odell, Christopher M, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Sok King, Ortiz, Alberto, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron, Ota, Erika, Otieno, Brenda Achieng, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, P A, Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Achyut Raj, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Patil, Snehal T, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paudel, Deepak, Pedroso, Marcel Moraes, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petri, William A, Petzold, Max, Pierce, Maxwell, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A, Purwar, Manorama B, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quansah, Reginald, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Md Shafiur, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian, Reiner, Robert C, Reis, Cesar, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Roba, Kedir Teji, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salahshoor, Mohamadreza, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael De Freitas, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Salz, Inbal, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Saroshe, Satish, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffner, Elke, Schelonka, Kathryn, Schneider, Ione J C, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakir, Raad A, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Sibai, Abla Mehio, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sliwa, Karen, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stewart, Leo G, Stokes, Mark A, Strong, Mark, Subart, Michelle L, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P N, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Aberash Abay, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Taveira, Nuno, Tawye, Nega Yimer, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Nihal, Thomson, Alan J, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsegay, Amanuel, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzun, Selen Begüm, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Vaidya, Gaurang, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey, Widecka, Justyna, Widecka, Katarzyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wu, Shouling, Wyper, Grant M A, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Ye, Pengpeng, Yentür, Gökalp Kadri, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeleke, Mulugeta Molla, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Xueying, Zhao, Xiu-Ju, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoeckler, Leo, Lopez, Alan D, Lim, Stephen S, Halk Sağlığı, GBD 2017 Population Fertility Coll, Murray, Cjl, Callender, Cskh, Kulikoff, Xr, Srinivasan, V, Abate, D, Abate, Kh, Abay, Sm, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdi, A, Abdoli, N, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, Ht, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abebo, Ta, Abejie, An, Aboyans, V, Abraha, Hn, Abreu, Dmx, Abrham, Ar, Abu-Raddad, Lj, Abu-Rmeileh, Nme, Accrombessi, Mmk, Acharya, P, Adamu, Aa, Adebayo, Om, Adedeji, Ia, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, Oo, Adhena, Bm, Adhikari, Tb, Adib, Mg, Adou, Ak, Adsuar, Jc, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, 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Adult ,Male ,Population Density ,GBD, population, fertility ,Adolescent ,Medicine (all) ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,Middle Aged ,Global Health ,Global Burden of Disease ,Young Adult ,Child, Preschool ,General & Internal Medicine ,Female ,Human medicine ,Mortality ,Child ,Population Growth ,Birth Rate ,Aged ,Human ,Maternal Age - Abstract
Background Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10-54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10-14 years and 50-54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15-19 years and 45-49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-cotnponent method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46.4-52.0). The TFR decreased from 4.7 livebirths (4.5-4.9) to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10-19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34-40) to 22 livebirths (19-24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83.8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197-2% (193.3-200.8) since 1950, from 2.6 billion (2.5-2.6) to 7.6 billion (7.4-7.9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2.0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1.1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2.5% in 1963 to O7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2.7%. The global average age increased from 26.6 years in 1950 to 32.1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15-64 years) increased from 59.9% to 65.3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1.0 livebirths (95% UI 0. 9-1.2) in Cyprus to a high of 7.1 livebirths (6.8-7.4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0.08 livebirths (0.07-0.09) in South Korea to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (I F030; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0.3 livebirths (0.3-0-4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3.1 livebirths (3.0-3.2) in Niger. TF030 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017.33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2.0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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182. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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James, Spencer L., Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M., Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F., Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. 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Marzan, Mb, Mashamba-Thompson, Tp, Massenburg, Bb, Mathur, Mr, Maulik, Pk, Mcgrath, Jj, Mehndiratta, Mm, Mehta, Km, Memiah, Ptn, Memish, Za, Mengistu, Dt, Mensah, Ga, Mereta, St, Meretoja, Tj, Mezerji, Nmg, Millear, Ai, Miller, Tr, Mini, Gk, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misganaw, At, Mitchell, Pb, Mohammad, Ka, Mohammed, Ma, Mokdad, Ah, Morrison, Sd, Moschos, Mm, Mousavi, Sm, Mruts, Kb, Muche, Aa, Muchie, Kf, Mueller, Uo, Mumford, Je, Musa, Ki, Nabhan, Af, Nansseu, Jr, Nascimento, Br, Negoi, Ri, Newton, Crj, Ngunjiri, Jw, Nguyen, Aq, Nguyen, Ht, Nguyen, Hlt, Nguyen, Lh, Nguyen, Nb, Nguyen, Sh, Ningrum, Dna, Nixon, Mr, Norheim, Of, Noubiap, Jj, Nouri, Hr, Nowroozi, Mr, Nsoesie, Eo, Odell, Cm, Ogbo, Fa, Oh, Ih, Olagunju, At, Olagunju, To, Olivares, Pr, Olsen, He, Olusanya, Bo, Ong, Kl, Ong, Sk, Owolabi, Mo, Pakpour, Ah, Park, Ek, Parry, Cdh, Patil, St, Patton, Gc, Paturi, Vr, Paulson, Kr, Pereira, Dm, Pham, Hq, Phillips, Mr, Pigott, Dm, Pillay, Jd, Piradov, Ma, Postma, Mj, Purcell, Ca, Purwar, Mb, 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Eduardo A, Unutzer, Jurgen, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santo, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Waller, Stephen G, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wilner, Lauren B, Wilson, Shadrach, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woolf, Anthony D, Wu, Shouling, Wu, Yun-Chun, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Deni, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, 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YLDs ,global burden of disease ,General & Internal Medicine ,Medicine (all) ,prevalence ,incidence ,Human medicine ,global burden of disease, YLDs, incidence, prevalence ,GBD, years lived with disability - Abstract
Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Findings Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 39% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.1-4. 6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7.2% (6.0-8.4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7.9% (6 6-9. 2) for males and 6.5% (5.4-7.7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-hatin and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Interpretation Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- 2018
183. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Villafaina, Santo, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagnew, Fasil Wagnew Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Widecka, Katarzyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondemagegn, Sintayehu Ambachew, Wu, Shouling, Wyper, Grant M A, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Rajaram, Yakob, Bereket, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Ye, Pengpeng, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yentür, Gökalp Kadri, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, York, Hunter W, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zachariah, Geevar, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafar, Shamsa, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeeb, Hajo, Zeleke, Mulugeta Molla, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Xueying, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna J, Lopez, Alan D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Murray, Christopher J L
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Child mortality ,Alnæmi ,Dánartíðni ,Heilsufar ,GBD ,Börn ,Dauði ,Almennar lyflækningar ,Fullorðnir ,General & Internal Medicine ,parasitic diseases ,Psychology ,age-specific mortality ,Estimating adult mortality ,Medicine (all) ,HIV ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,General Medicine ,All-cause mortality ,humanities ,Countries ,Death ,mortality, national ,Sálfræði ,Health ,GBD, mortality ,Human medicine ,Trends - Abstract
The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. Data for this research was provided by MEASURE Evaluation, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of USAID, the US Government, or MEASURE Evaluation. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with licence no. SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law-2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data., Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4–19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2–59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5–49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1–70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7–54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3–75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5–51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9–88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3–238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6–42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2–5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing., Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the University of Melbourne, Public Health England, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (award P30AG047845), and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (award R01MH110163).
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184. Cardiovascular toxicity associated with recreational use of diphenylprolinol (diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol [D2PM])
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Lidder, Satnam, Dargan, Paul I., Sexton, Michael, Button, Jenny, Ramsey, John, Holt, David W., and Wood, David M.
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- 2008
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185. Case series of individuals with analytically confirmed acute mephedrone toxicity
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Wood, David M., Davies, Susannah, Greene, Shaun L., Button, Jenny, Holt, David W., Ramsey, John, and Dargan, Paul I.
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Drugs -- Health aspects ,Drugs -- Case studies ,Drugs -- Diagnosis ,Environmental issues ,Health ,Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries - Published
- 2010
186. Management of cocaine-induced cardiac arrhythmias due to cardiac ion channel dysfunction
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Wood, David M., Dargan, Paul I., and Hoffman, Robert S.
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Arrhythmia -- Management ,Arrhythmia -- Causes of ,Ion channels -- Research ,Ion channels -- Physiological aspects ,Cocaine -- Usage ,Cocaine -- Physiological aspects ,Cocaine -- Complications and side effects ,Company business management ,Environmental issues ,Health ,Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries - Published
- 2009
187. Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016:Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Olalekan A., Valdez, Pascual R., Yonemoto, Naohiro, Vasconcelos, Cintia, Vlassov, Vasily, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S., Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yuan Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wyper, Grant M.A., Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimer, Ebrahim M., Yisma, Engida, Yoon, Seok Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Murray, Christopher J.L., Naghavi, Mohsen, Orpana, H, Marczak, L, Arora, M, Abbasi, N, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, Z, Abraha, H, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Ahmadi, A, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akseer, N, Al‐raddadi, R, Alahdab, F, Alkerwi, A, Allebeck, P, Alvis‐guzman, N, Anber, N, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, C, Arora, A, Aryal, K, Asgedom, S, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, B, Badali, H, Barker‐collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Bazargan‐hejazi, S, Benjet, C, Bensenor, I, Berfeld, N, Beuran, M, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Bililign, N, Borges, G, Borschmann, R, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brugha, T, Butt, Z, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Malta, D, Castañeda‐orjuela, C, Catalá‐lópez, F, Ciobanu, L, Dachew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, Degenhardt, L, Demoz, G, Jarlais, D, Dharmaratne, S, Djalalinia, S, Doan, L, Doku, D, Dubey, M, El‐khatib, Z, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fekadu, W, Fernandes, E, Ferrari, A, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foreman, K, Fukumoto, T, Gebre, A, Grosso, G, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Bidgoli, H, Haj‐mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Haro, J, Hassen, H, Hay, S, Heidari, B, Hendrie, D, Rad, E, Hosseini, S, Hostiuc, S, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, G, Kawakami, N, Kefale, A, Kemp, G, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khubchandani, J, Kiadaliri, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Knudsen, A, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Krish, V, Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Lamichhane, P, Lang, J, Latifi, A, Lee, P, Leung, J, Lim, L, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Mahesh, P, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Malekzadeh, R, Manda, A, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Maravilla, J, Martinez‐raga, J, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mcgrath, J, Mehrotra, R, Mekonen, T, Mendoza, W, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirrakhimov, E, Mitchell, P, Moazen, B, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi‐lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Velásquez, I, Morisaki, N, Morrison, S, Moschos, M, Mousavi, S, Mustafa, G, Nagel, G, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, L, Nixon, M, Ofori‐asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Øverland, S, Owolabi, M, Panda‐jonas, S, Parry, C, Pati, S, Patten, S, Patton, G, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Plana‐ripoll, O, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi‐movaghar, A, Rahimi‐movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rezaeian, S, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Sachdev, P, Safari, H, Safiri, S, Salamati, P, Salimi, Y, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Santos, I, Santric‐milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Schwebel, D, Sepanlou, S, Shaikh, M, Sharif, M, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Silva, J, Singh, J, Filho, A, Sobhani, S, Stein, D, Stein, M, Sufiyan, M, Sunguya, B, Tabarés‐seisdedos, R, Tabb, K, Tavakkoli, M, Tehrani‐banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Topor‐madry, R, Tran, B, Tran, K, Ullah, I, Unutzer, J, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Vasconcelos, C, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vujcic, I, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Weiderpass, E, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Whiteford, H, Wyper, G, Yaseri, M, Yimer, E, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Murray, C, and Naghavi, M
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Suicide Prevention ,Adult ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,Data Interpretation ,Adolescent ,Outcome Assessment ,Age Distribution ,Age Factors ,Aged ,Cause of Death ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Female ,Global Health ,Humans ,Life Expectancy ,Mortality ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Sex Distribution ,Sex Factors ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Global Burden of Disease ,Suicide ,Medicine (all) ,Research ,Statistical ,Health Care - Abstract
Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). Results The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Conclusions Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.
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- 2019
188. Seizures as a complication of recreational drug use: Analysis of the Euro-DEN Plus data-set
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Wolfe, Caitlin E, Wood, David M, Dines, Alison, Whatley, Benjamin P, Yates, Christopher, Heyerdahl, Fridtjof, Hovda, Knut Erik, Giraudon, Isabelle, and Dargan, Paul I
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610 Medicine & health - Abstract
Seizures are a recognized and potentially serious complication of recreational drug use. This study examined a large international data set of presentations to Emergency Departments with acute recreational drug toxicity, the European Drug Emergencies Plus (Euro-DEN Plus) Network, to compare presentations with and without seizures and estimate incidence and associated drugs. Amongst 23,947 presentations between January 2014 and December 2017, there were 1013 (4.2%) with reported seizures. Clinical and demographic features were similar between individuals who had a seizure and those who did not, although rates of coma, cardiac arrest, intubation, intensive care admission, and death were significantly higher in those with seizures. There was a significant association between specific drugs and a higher seizure incidence, including fentanyl (odds ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.20-5.80), and synthetic cannabinoids (OR 2.90, 95% CI 2.19-3.84). Other drugs were associated with a lower seizure incidence, including heroin (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35-0.61), clonazepam (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.91), and cannabis (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.86). This substantiates observations that the synthetic cannabinoids as a group of novel psychoactive substances are clinically different in consequence of intoxication than cannabis, and that individuals who suffer a seizure in the context of recreational drug intoxication are likely to have worse outcomes overall. Utilising this information of what substances have a greater risk of seizures, could provide tailored harm reduction and education strategies to users to reduce the risk of seizures and their associated complications.
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- 2019
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189. Epidemiology, toxicokinetics and biomarkers after self-poisoning with Gloriosa superba
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Thilini Madushanka Wijerathna, Indika Bandara Gawarammana, Mohamed, Fahim, Dhammika Menike Dissanayaka, Dargan, Paul I, Chathuranga, Umesh, Chamila Jayathilaka, and Buckley, Nicholas Alan
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Introduction:Gloriosa superba is a flowering plant that contains colchicine. Deliberate self-poisoning with this plant in Sri Lanka is common and potentially fatal. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, toxicokinetics and selected biomarkers in these patients. Materials and methods: The study consisted of three parts; epidemiologic and outcome data (n = 297), concentrations and toxicokinetics (n = 72), evaluation of urinary and serum biomarkers (n = 45). Plasma colchicine levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We also measured serum biomarkers: creatinine (sCr), cystatin C (sCysC) and creatine kinase (CK), and urinary biomarkers: creatinine, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM – 1), clusterin, albumin, beta-2-microglobulin (β2M), cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), osteopontin (OPN) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3). Results: The case fatality was 10% (29/297), and death was much more common in older patients. Median concentrations of colchicine were higher in those over 65 [median 4.7 ng/mL (IQR: 1.7–6.6) vs. 1.2 (IQR: 0.2–2.7) for those Discussion: Fatal outcomes and high concentrations were both much more common in the elderly following poisoning with Gloriosa superba. Our findings are consistent with kinetic data after medicinal colchicine ingestion. Conclusions:Gloriosa superba self-poisoning causes significant mortality. High concentration of colchicine is highly predictive of a fatal outcome. Ingestion of Gloriosa superba caused only mild acute kidney injury (AKI) and rhabdomyolysis.
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- 2019
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190. Clinical relevance of ethanol coingestion in patients with GHB/GBL intoxication
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Galicia, Miguel, Dargan, Paul I, Dines, Alison M, Yates, Christopher, Heyerdahl, Fridtjof, Hovda, Knut Erik, Giraudon, Isabella, Wood, David M, and Miró, Òscar
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610 Medicine & health - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ethanol intake can increase the sedative effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate/gamma-butyrolactone (GHB/GBL), although the real clinical impact is unknown. We studied the clinical impact of the co-ingestion of ethanol in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute toxicity related to GHB/GBL use. METHOD We performed a secondary analysis of the Euro-DEN Plus Registry (14 countries, 22 EDs) which includes 17,371 consecutive patients presenting to the ED with acute recreational drug toxicity over 39 consecutive months (October 2013 - December 2016). We compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and ED management of patients identified as presenting with acute toxicity related to lone GHB/GBL (Group A) or GHB/GBL combined with ethanol (Group B) without other concomitant drugs. RESULTS A total of 609 patients were included (age 32 (8) years; 116 women (19%); Group A: 183 patients and Group B: 426). The most common features were reduction in consciousness (defined as Glasgow Coma Score
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- 2019
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191. Alcohol hand rubs: hygiene and hazard
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Archer, John R H, Wood, David M, Tizzard, Zoe, Jones, Alison L, and Dargan, Paul I
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- 2007
192. Is cocaine use recognised as a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome by doctors in the UK?
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Wood, David M, Hill, Duncan, Gunasekera, Awini, Greene, Shaun L, Jones, Alison L, and Dargan, Paul I
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- 2007
193. Australian Clinical Toxicology Investigators Collaboration Randomized Trial of Different Loading Infusion Rates of N-Acetylcysteine
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Gawarammana, Indika Bandara, Greene, Shaun L., Dargan, Paul I., and Jones, Alison L.
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- 2006
194. Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016: Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Orpana, H, Marczak, L, Arora, M, Abbasi, N, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, Z, Abraha, H, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Ahmadi, A, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akseer, N, Al‐raddadi, R, Alahdab, F, Alkerwi, A, Allebeck, P, Alvis‐guzman, N, Anber, N, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, C, Arora, A, Aryal, K, Asgedom, S, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, B, Badali, H, Barker‐collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Bazargan‐hejazi, S, Benjet, C, Bensenor, I, Berfeld, N, Beuran, M, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Bililign, N, Borges, G, Borschmann, R, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brugha, T, Butt, Z, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Malta, D, Castañeda‐orjuela, C, Catalá‐lópez, F, Ciobanu, L, Dachew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, Degenhardt, L, Demoz, G, Jarlais, D, Dharmaratne, S, Djalalinia, S, Doan, L, Doku, D, Dubey, M, El‐khatib, Z, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fekadu, W, Fernandes, E, Ferrari, A, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foreman, K, Fukumoto, T, Gebre, A, Grosso, G, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Bidgoli, H, Haj‐mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Haro, J, Hassen, H, Hay, S, Heidari, B, Hendrie, D, Rad, E, Hosseini, S, Hostiuc, S, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, G, Kawakami, N, Kefale, A, Kemp, G, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khubchandani, J, Kiadaliri, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Knudsen, A, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Krish, V, Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Lamichhane, P, Lang, J, Latifi, A, Lee, P, Leung, J, Lim, L, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Mahesh, P, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Malekzadeh, R, Manda, A, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Maravilla, J, Martinez‐raga, J, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mcgrath, J, Mehrotra, R, Mekonen, T, Mendoza, W, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirrakhimov, E, Mitchell, P, Moazen, B, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi‐lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Velásquez, I, Morisaki, N, Morrison, S, Moschos, M, Mousavi, S, Mustafa, G, Nagel, G, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, L, Nixon, M, Ofori‐asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Øverland, S, Owolabi, M, Panda‐jonas, S, Parry, C, Pati, S, Patten, S, Patton, G, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Plana‐ripoll, O, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi‐movaghar, A, Rahimi‐movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rezaeian, S, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Sachdev, P, Safari, H, Safiri, S, Salamati, P, Salimi, Y, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Santos, I, Santric‐milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Schwebel, D, Sepanlou, S, Shaikh, M, Sharif, M, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Silva, J, Singh, J, Filho, A, Sobhani, S, Stein, D, Stein, M, Sufiyan, M, Sunguya, B, Tabarés‐seisdedos, R, Tabb, K, Tavakkoli, M, Tehrani‐banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Topor‐madry, R, Tran, B, Tran, K, Ullah, I, Unutzer, J, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Vasconcelos, C, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vujcic, I, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Weiderpass, E, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Whiteford, H, Wyper, G, Yaseri, M, Yimer, E, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Orpana, Heather M., Marczak, Laurie B., Arora, Megha, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Zegeye, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Ahmadi, Alireza, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akseer, Nadia, Al‐raddadi, Rajaa M., Alahdab, Fares, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allebeck, Peter, Alvis‐guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anjomshoa, Mina, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Arora, Amit, Aryal, Krishna K., Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Badali, Hamid, Barker‐collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Bazargan‐hejazi, Shahrzad, Benjet, Corina, Bensenor, Isabela M., Berfeld, Noami, Beuran, Mircea, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgo, Belete, Bililign, Nigus, Borges, Guilherme, Borschmann, Rohan, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K., Brugha, Traolach, Butt, Zahid A., Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Félix, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Castañeda‐orjuela, Carlos A., Catalá‐lópez, Ferrán, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., Daryani, Ahmad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, Degenhardt, Louisa, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Jarlais, Don C Des, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doan, Linh, Doku, David Teye, Dubey, Manisha, El‐khatib, Ziad, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fekadu, Wubalem, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrari, Alize J., Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foreman, Kyle J., Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gupta, Rahul, Haagsma, Juanita A., Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Haj‐mirzaian, Arvin, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J., Haro, Josep Maria, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Heidari, Behnam, Hendrie, Delia, Rad, Enayatollah Homaie, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hostiuc, Sorin, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kawakami, Norito, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A., Kieling, Christian, Kim, Young-Eun, Kisa, Adnan, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Koyanagi, Ai, Krish, Varsha Sarah, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Lang, Justin J., Latifi, Arman, Lee, Paul H., Leung, Janni, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mahesh, P. A., Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Malekzadeh, Reza, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C., Martinez‐raga, Jose, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K., McGrath, John J., Mehrotra, Ravi, Mekonen, Tesfa, Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mitchell, Philip B., Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi‐lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Velásquez, Ilais Moreno, Morisaki, Naho, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M., Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nixon, Molly R., Ofori‐asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Panda‐jonas, Songhomitra, Parry, Charles D H., Pati, Sanghamitra, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R., Plana‐ripoll, Oleguer, Postma, Maarten J., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi‐movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi‐movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Sachdev, Perminder S., Safari, Hosein, Safiri, Saeid, Salamati, Payman, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Santos, Itamar S., Santric‐milicevic, Milena M., Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Schwebel, David C., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharif, Mehdi, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, João Pedro, Singh, Jasvinder A., Filho, Adauto Martins Soares, Sobhani, Soheila, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F., Tabarés‐seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tehrani‐banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Topor‐madry, Roman, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Unutzer, Jurgen, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A., Valdez, Pascual R., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Cintia, Vlassov, Vasily, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S., Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wyper, Grant M A., Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimer, Ebrahim M., Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Murray, Christopher J L., Naghavi, Mohsen, Orpana, H, Marczak, L, Arora, M, Abbasi, N, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, Z, Abraha, H, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Ahmadi, A, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akseer, N, Al‐raddadi, R, Alahdab, F, Alkerwi, A, Allebeck, P, Alvis‐guzman, N, Anber, N, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, C, Arora, A, Aryal, K, Asgedom, S, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, B, Badali, H, Barker‐collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Bazargan‐hejazi, S, Benjet, C, Bensenor, I, Berfeld, N, Beuran, M, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Bililign, N, Borges, G, Borschmann, R, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brugha, T, Butt, Z, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Malta, D, Castañeda‐orjuela, C, Catalá‐lópez, F, Ciobanu, L, Dachew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, Degenhardt, L, Demoz, G, Jarlais, D, Dharmaratne, S, Djalalinia, S, Doan, L, Doku, D, Dubey, M, El‐khatib, Z, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fekadu, W, Fernandes, E, Ferrari, A, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foreman, K, Fukumoto, T, Gebre, A, Grosso, G, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Bidgoli, H, Haj‐mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Haro, J, Hassen, H, Hay, S, Heidari, B, Hendrie, D, Rad, E, Hosseini, S, Hostiuc, S, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, G, Kawakami, N, Kefale, A, Kemp, G, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khubchandani, J, Kiadaliri, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Knudsen, A, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Krish, V, Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Lamichhane, P, Lang, J, Latifi, A, Lee, P, Leung, J, Lim, L, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Mahesh, P, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Malekzadeh, R, Manda, A, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Maravilla, J, Martinez‐raga, J, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mcgrath, J, Mehrotra, R, Mekonen, T, Mendoza, W, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirrakhimov, E, Mitchell, P, Moazen, B, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi‐lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Velásquez, I, Morisaki, N, Morrison, S, Moschos, M, Mousavi, S, Mustafa, G, Nagel, G, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, L, Nixon, M, Ofori‐asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Øverland, S, Owolabi, M, Panda‐jonas, S, Parry, C, Pati, S, Patten, S, Patton, G, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Plana‐ripoll, O, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi‐movaghar, A, Rahimi‐movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rezaeian, S, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Sachdev, P, Safari, H, Safiri, S, Salamati, P, Salimi, Y, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Santos, I, Santric‐milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Schwebel, D, Sepanlou, S, Shaikh, M, Sharif, M, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Silva, J, Singh, J, Filho, A, Sobhani, S, Stein, D, Stein, M, Sufiyan, M, Sunguya, B, Tabarés‐seisdedos, R, Tabb, K, Tavakkoli, M, Tehrani‐banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Topor‐madry, R, Tran, B, Tran, K, Ullah, I, Unutzer, J, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Vasconcelos, C, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vujcic, I, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Weiderpass, E, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Whiteford, H, Wyper, G, Yaseri, M, Yimer, E, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Orpana, Heather M., Marczak, Laurie B., Arora, Megha, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Zegeye, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Ahmadi, Alireza, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akseer, Nadia, Al‐raddadi, Rajaa M., Alahdab, Fares, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allebeck, Peter, Alvis‐guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anjomshoa, Mina, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Arora, Amit, Aryal, Krishna K., Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Badali, Hamid, Barker‐collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Bazargan‐hejazi, Shahrzad, Benjet, Corina, Bensenor, Isabela M., Berfeld, Noami, Beuran, Mircea, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgo, Belete, Bililign, Nigus, Borges, Guilherme, Borschmann, Rohan, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K., Brugha, Traolach, Butt, Zahid A., Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Félix, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Castañeda‐orjuela, Carlos A., Catalá‐lópez, Ferrán, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., Daryani, Ahmad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, Degenhardt, Louisa, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Jarlais, Don C Des, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doan, Linh, Doku, David Teye, Dubey, Manisha, El‐khatib, Ziad, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fekadu, Wubalem, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrari, Alize J., Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foreman, Kyle J., Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gupta, Rahul, Haagsma, Juanita A., Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Haj‐mirzaian, Arvin, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J., Haro, Josep Maria, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Heidari, Behnam, Hendrie, Delia, Rad, Enayatollah Homaie, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hostiuc, Sorin, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kawakami, Norito, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A., Kieling, Christian, Kim, Young-Eun, Kisa, Adnan, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Koyanagi, Ai, Krish, Varsha Sarah, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Lang, Justin J., Latifi, Arman, Lee, Paul H., Leung, Janni, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mahesh, P. A., Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Malekzadeh, Reza, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C., Martinez‐raga, Jose, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K., McGrath, John J., Mehrotra, Ravi, Mekonen, Tesfa, Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mitchell, Philip B., Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi‐lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Velásquez, Ilais Moreno, Morisaki, Naho, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M., Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nixon, Molly R., Ofori‐asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Panda‐jonas, Songhomitra, Parry, Charles D H., Pati, Sanghamitra, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R., Plana‐ripoll, Oleguer, Postma, Maarten J., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi‐movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi‐movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Sachdev, Perminder S., Safari, Hosein, Safiri, Saeid, Salamati, Payman, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Santos, Itamar S., Santric‐milicevic, Milena M., Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Schwebel, David C., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharif, Mehdi, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, João Pedro, Singh, Jasvinder A., Filho, Adauto Martins Soares, Sobhani, Soheila, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F., Tabarés‐seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tehrani‐banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Topor‐madry, Roman, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Unutzer, Jurgen, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A., Valdez, Pascual R., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Cintia, Vlassov, Vasily, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S., Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wyper, Grant M A., Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimer, Ebrahim M., Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Murray, Christopher J L., and Naghavi, Mohsen
- Abstract
Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). Results The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Conclusions Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortalit
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- 2019
195. Poor Identification of Emergency Department Acute Recreational Drug Toxicity Presentations Using Routine Hospital Coding Systems:the Experience in Denmark, Switzerland and the UK
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Wood, David M., De La Rue, Luke, Hosin, Ali A., Jürgens, Gesche, Liakoni, Evangelia, Heyerdahl, Fritdjof, Hovda, Knut Erik, Dines, Alison, Giraudon, Isabelle, Liechti, Matthias E., Dargan, Paul I., Wood, David M., De La Rue, Luke, Hosin, Ali A., Jürgens, Gesche, Liakoni, Evangelia, Heyerdahl, Fritdjof, Hovda, Knut Erik, Dines, Alison, Giraudon, Isabelle, Liechti, Matthias E., and Dargan, Paul I.
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- 2019
196. Variation of drugs involved in acute drug toxicity presentations based on age and sex: an epidemiological approach based on European emergency departments.
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Miró, Òscar, Waring, William S., Dargan, Paul I., Wood, David M., Dines, Alison M., Yates, Christopher, Giraudon, Isabelle, Moughty, Adrian, O'Connor, Niall, Heyerdahl, Fridtjof, Hovda, Knut E., Vallersnes, Odd M., Paasma, Raido, Pold, Kristiina, Jürgens, Gesche, Megarbane, Bruno, Anand, Jacek S., Liakoni, Evangelia, Liechti, Matthias, and Eyer, Florian
- Subjects
DRUG toxicity ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,DRUGS of abuse ,DRUG utilization ,AGE groups ,GAMMA-hydroxybutyrate ,BENZODIAZEPINES - Abstract
To analyse the relative percentage of acute recreational drug toxicity emergency department (ED) presentations involving the main drug groups according to age and sex and investigate different patterns based on sex and age strata. We analysed all patients with acute recreational drug toxicity included by the Euro-DEN Plus dataset (22 EDs in 14 European countries) between October 2013 and December 2016 (39 months). Drugs were grouped as: opioids, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamines, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), hallucinogens, new psychoactive substances (NPS), benzodiazepines and ketamine. Descriptive data by age and sex are presented and compared among age/sex categories and among drug families. Of 17,371 patients were included during the 39-month period, 17,198 (99.0%) had taken at least one of the investigated drugs (median age: 31 years; 23.9% female; ethanol co-ingestion recorded in 41.5%, unknown in 31.2%; multiple drug use in 37.9%). Opioids (in 31.4% of patients) and amphetamines (23.3%) were the most frequently involved and hallucinogens (1.9%) and ketamine (1.7%) the least. Overall, female patients were younger than males, both in the whole cohort (median age 29 vs. 32 years; p < 0.001) and in all drug groups except benzodiazepines (median age 36 vs. 36 years; p = 0.83). The relative proportion of each drug group was different at every age strata and some patterns could be clearly described: cannabis, NPS and hallucinogens were the most common in patients <20 years; amphetamines, ketamine and cocaine in the 20- to 39-year group; GHB/GBL in the 30- to 39-year group; and opioids and benzodiazepines in patients ≥40 years. Ethanol and other drug co-ingestion was more frequent at middle-ages, and multidrug co-ingestion was more common in females than males. Differences in the drugs involved in acute drug toxicity presentations according to age and sex may be relevant for developing drug-prevention and education programs for some particular subgroups of the population based on the increased risk of adverse events in specific sex and/or age strata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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197. Pharmacokinetics of Mephedrone and Its Metabolites in Whole Blood and Plasma after Controlled Intranasal Administration to Healthy Human Volunteers.
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Czerwinska, Joanna, Parkin, Mark C, George, Claire, Kicman, Andrew T, Dargan, Paul I, and Abbate, Vincenzo
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INTRANASAL administration ,BLOOD plasma ,MEPHEDRONE ,LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry ,PHARMACOKINETICS - Abstract
Mephedrone is a popular synthetic cathinone, known for its psychostimulant effects. At present, there is no data available on the pharmacokinetics of mephedrone and its metabolites in concurrently collected whole blood and plasma samples after a controlled intranasal administration to healthy volunteers. In this study, six healthy male volunteers nasally insufflated 100 mg of pure mephedrone hydrochloride (Day 1). Whole blood and plasma samples were collected at different time points after the administration and were analyzed for the presence of mephedrone and its metabolites, dihydro-mephedrone (DHM), nor-mephedrone (NOR), hydroxytolyl-mephedrone (HYDROXY), 4-carboxy-mephedrone (4-CARBOXY) and dihydro-nor-mephedrone (DHNM), by validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods. All analytes were detected in whole blood and plasma for 6 h post administration, with mephedrone and NOR also being detectable on Day 2 in some participants. 4-CARBOXY, followed by NOR, was the most abundant metabolite in both matrices. Compared to other psychostimulants, mephedrone showed rapid absorption (mean T
max of 52.5 ± 20.7 min in plasma and 55.0 ± 18.2 min in whole blood) and elimination (mean t1/2 of 1.98 ± 0.30 h in plasma and 2.12 ± 0.33 h in whole blood). In addition, statistical analysis showed that median whole blood to plasma distribution ratios, reported here for the first time, were statistically different from 1 (unity) for mephedrone (median: 1.11), DHM (median: 1.30) and NOR (median: 0.765). It is hoped that the study will aid forensic and clinical toxicologists in detection, identification and interpretation of cases associated with mephedrone use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. Multiple Toxicity From 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("Ecstasy")
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GREENE, SHAUN L., DARGAN, PAUL I., O'CONNOR, NIALL, JONES, ALISON L., and KERINS, MARY
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- 2003
199. Review of the fluoropyrimidine antidote uridine triacetate.
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Thompson, Jack T., Wood, David M., and Dargan, Paul I.
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CLINICAL trials , *DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE dehydrogenase , *BOLUS drug administration , *NUCLEOTIDES , *TRIACETATE , *URIDINE , *GLUCOSE-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - Abstract
In 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved uridine triacetate to treat overdose and severe toxicity of the fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy agents 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and its oral prodrug capecitabine. Uridine triacetate is as an oral prodrug of uridine that competes with cytotoxic fluoropyrimidine metabolites for incorporation into nucleotides. Two million people worldwide start fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy each year, with 20‐30% developing severe or life‐threatening adverse effects, often attributable to a genetic predisposition such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. Whilst genetic prescreening is recommended prior to starting fluoropyrimidine agents, this only prevents 20‐30% of early‐onset life‐threatening toxicity and so does not obviate the need for an antidote. Initial in‐human studies established that uridine triacetate more than doubles the maximum tolerated weekly 5‐FU bolus dose. A lack of clinical equipoise meant a placebo‐controlled phase III trial was not ethical and so the phase III trials used historical controls. These found that uridine triacetate improved survival in those with fluoropyrimidine overdose and severe toxicity from 16% to 94%, with 34% able to resume chemotherapy within 30 days. Five case reports of delayed fluoropyrimidine toxicity demonstrate improvement following uridine triacetate treatment 120‐504 h after last fluoropyrimidine administration, suggesting efficacy beyond the FDA licencing indications. Mechanistically uridine triacetate would be expected to be effective for overdose and severe toxicity of tegafur (a 5‐FU prodrug), but there are no published case reports describing this. Uridine triacetate is available internationally through an expanded access scheme and has been available in the UK since 2019 on a named patient basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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200. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O., Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibthiel, Aiyar, Sneha, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Alabed, Samer, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alasfoor, Deena, Aldridge, Robert William, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed M., Alkaabi, Juma M., Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allam, Shalini D., Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Assaye, Ashagre Molla, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R., Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Baune, Bernhard T., Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benson, Jennifer, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Bjerregaard, Peter, Blosser, Christopher D., Boneya, Dube Jara, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. 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A, Karema, C, Karimi, S, Karthikeyan, G, Kasaeian, A, Kassaw, N, Kassebaum, N, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, S, Kemp, A, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, C, Ketema, E, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khang, Y, Khera, S, Khoja, A, Khosravi, M, Kibret, G, Kieling, C, Kim, C, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, S, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kishawi, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kissoon, N, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, A, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuipers, E, Kulikoff, X, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, P, Kumsa, F, Kutz, M, Lachat, C, Lagat, A, Lager, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lambert, N, Lan, Q, Van Lansingh, C, Larson, H, Larsson, A, Laryea, D, Lavados, P, Laxmaiah, A, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liao, Y, Liben, M, Lim, S, Linn, S, Lipshultz, S, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lorch, S, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, 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Vollset, S, Vos, T, Waid, J, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, R, Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Wijeratne, T, Wilkinson, J, Wiysonge, C, Woldeyes, B, Wolfe, C, Workicho, A, Workie, S, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yalew, A, Yan, L, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Ye, P, Yimam, H, Yip, P, Yirsaw, B, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Younis, M, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zeeb, H, Zenebe, Z, Zerfu, T, Zhang, A, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Zuhlke, L, Lopez, A, Murray, C, Erasmus MC other, Emergency Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Public Health, and Neurology
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Dánarmein ,Heilsufar ,Dánartíðni ,Lífslíkur ,Epidemiology ,Aldurshópar ,ALCOHOL ,Börn ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES ,Children ,Konur ,Ungbörn ,Tölfræði ,Educational status ,Aldraðir ,Medicine (all) ,Global burden of disease/statistics and numerical data ,DEATH ,Men ,Þjóðir ,Staðtölur ,Stillbirth ,Sálfræði ,World health ,SURVIVAL ,Income ,CHILD-MORTALITY ,HEALTH ,Burðarmálsdauði ,Infants ,Age distribution ,HIV infections ,Child mortality ,Alnæmi ,Menntun ,GBD ,Fæðingartíðni ,RUSSIAN MORTALITY ,Birth rate ,Life Expectancy ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Women ,Mortality ,METAANALYSIS ,Faraldsfræði ,HIV ,Frjósemi ,Fertility ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Karlar ,Barnadauði ,Félagshagfræði ,Tekjur ,Older people ,Cause of death/trends ,RA - Abstract
Correction in: Group Author(s): GBD 2016 Mortality Collaborators LANCET Volume: 390 Issue: 10106 Pages: E38-E38 Published: OCT 28 2017, Background Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0.5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. Findings Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86.9 years (95% UI 86.7-87.2), and for men in Singapore, at 81.3 years (78.8-83.7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and the gap between male and female life expectancy increased with progression to higher levels of SDI. Some countries with exceptional health performance in 1990 in terms of the difference in observed to expected life expectancy at birth had slower progress on the same measure in 2016. Interpretation Globally, mortality rates have decreased across all age groups over the past five decades, with the largest improvements occurring among children younger than 5 years. However, at the national level, considerable heterogeneity remains in terms of both level and rate of changes in age-specific mortality; increases in mortality for certain age groups occurred in some locations. We found evidence that the absolute gap between countries in age-specific death rates has declined, although the relative gap for some age-sex groups increased. Countries that now lead in terms of having higher observed life expectancy than that expected on the basis of development alone, or locations that have either increased this advantage or rapidly decreased the deficit from expected levels, could provide insight into the means to accelerate progress in nations where progress has stalled., Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.
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