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This article has described the simulation test platform system researched and developed on the basis of the CBTC system and has introduced the overall architecture and requirements of the system. It has proposed a design and implementation solution to the CS architecture. This solution makes the entire system which has distributed functions with simple deployment and great extensibility.

It has illustrated vibration conditions of rail transit on-board equipment and introduced theoretical basis to random vibration. Taking carborne controller as an example, it conducts light weight improvement design and adopts finite element simulation analysis method to simulate the actual working conditions. It has conducted modal and random vibration analysis for the improved design, has confirmed the feasibility of the improvement design according to the analysis result, verified the design through test and achieved lightweight improvement objective.

The rail transit signal system is the control system with high security and the application line data for each line is different. Manual testing consumes time and manpower and relies on line data. This article mainly researches on the automated testing techniques of the signal system and the same set of test case can be applied to different line data to improve testing efficiency.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has diverse functions, including the regulation of cellular survival, proliferation, cell cycle, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Among class I PI3Ks (PI3Kα, β, γ, δ), the PIK3CA gene encoding PI3K p110α is frequently mutated and overexpressed in a large portion of human cancers. Therefore, the inhibition of PI3Kα has been considered as a promising target for the development of a therapeutic treatment of cancer. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives and evaluated their antiproliferative activities against six cancer cell lines, including HCT-116, SK-HEP-1, MDA-MB-231, SNU638, A549 and MCF-7. Compound 6b with the most potent antiproliferative activity and without obvious cytotoxicity to human normal cells was selected for further biological evaluation. PI3K kinase assay showed that 6b has selectivity for PI3Kα distinguished from other isoforms. The western blot assay and PI3K kinase assay indicated that 6b effectively inhibited cell proliferation via suppression of PI3Kα kinase activity with an IC50 of 13.6 nM and subsequently blocked PI3K/Akt pathway activation in HCT116 cells. In addition, 6b caused G1 cell cycle arrest owing to the inhibition of PI3K signaling and induced apoptosis via mitochondrial dependent apoptotic pathway. Our findings suggested that 6b has a therapeutic value as an anticancer agent via PI3Kα inhibition.

A better understanding of neuromodulation in a behavioral system requires identification of active modulatory transmitters. Here, we used identifiable neurons in a neurobiological model system, the mollusc Aplysia, to study neuropeptides, a diverse class of neuromodulators. We took advantage of two types of feeding neurons, B48 and B1/B2, in the Aplysia buccal ganglion that might contain different neuropeptides. We performed a representational difference analysis (RDA) by subtraction of mRNAs in B48 versus mRNAs in B1/B2. The RDA identified an unusually long (2025 amino acids) peptide precursor encoding Aplysia leucokinin-like peptides (ALKs; e.g. ALK-1 and ALK-2). Northern blot analysis revealed that, compared with other ganglia (e.g. the pedal-pleural ganglion), ALK mRNA is predominantly present in the buccal ganglion, which controls feeding behavior. We then used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to localize ALKs to specific neurons, including B48. MALDI-TOF MS on single buccal neurons revealed expression of 40 ALK precursor-derived peptides. Among these, ALK-1 and ALK-2 are active in the feeding network; they shortened the radula protraction phase of feeding motor programs triggered by a command-like neuron. We also found that this effect may be mediated by the ALK-stimulated enhancement of activity of an interneuron, which has previously been shown to terminate protraction. We conclude that our multipronged approach is effective for determining the structure and defining the diverse functions of leucokinin-like peptides. Notably, the ALK precursor is the first verified nonarthropod precursor for leucokinin-like peptides with a novel, marked modulatory effect on a specific parameter (protraction duration) of feeding motor programs.

This paper introduces a kind of simulation testing system scheme for train-borne controller and applies it to the simulation testing system of the controller. Besides, it elaborates the system structure, interface type and key module of the hardware realization. The simulation testing system for train-borne controller is completely built, and plays a vital role in the train-borne controller simulation testing and factory complete equipment testing process.

Numerous acquired molecular and cytogenetic abnormalities are strongly associated with hematological malignancies. The breakpoint cluster region-ABL proto-oncogene 1 (BCR-ABL) rearrangement leads to a p210 chimeric protein in typical chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), whereas 17–25% of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and 0.9–3% patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carry a p190BCR-ABL fusion protein. Cases of patients with AML/CML carrying two specific primary molecular changes, BCR-ABL and core binding factor-β-myosin heavy chain 11 (CBFβ-MYH11) fusion genes have been rarely reported. The present study aimed to understand the nature and mechanism of this particular type of leukemia through case reports and literature review. A total of four patients who were diagnosed as AML/CML with BCR-ABL and CBFβ-MYH11 fusion genes in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou, China) between January 2004 and December 2012 were examined. Morphological analysis of bone marrow cells, flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction of p210BCR-ABL and CBFβ-MYH11 transcripts as well as cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were performed. A total of 4 patients who exhibited fusion of p210BCR-ABL and CBFβ-MYH11 were identified. A single patient (case 1) was first diagnosed CML-acute phase (AP), which progressed rapidly to CML-blast crisis (BC), and three patients (cases 2, 3 and 4) were diagnosed with AML with bone marrow eosinophilia at first presentation with no evidence of previous onset of CML. All cases achieved remission following conventional chemotherapy/hematological stem cell transplantation combined with the inhibitor of tyrosine kinase (TKI) maintenance therapy. The patients with CML carrying and expressing BCR-ABL and CBFβ-MYH11 fusion genes appeared more likely to rapidly progress to AP or BC. Therefore, the product of the CBFβ-MYH11 fusion gene may serve an important role in the transformation of CML. The co-expression of p210BCR-ABL and CBFβ-MYH11 fusion genes in myeloid leukemia may be a molecular event occurring not only during the development of CML, but also in AML.

Improvements in the imaging of neural circuits are essential for studies of network function in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Therefore, CLARITY, a new imaging enhancement technique developed for mouse brains has attracted broad interest from researchers working on other species. We studied the potential of a modified version of CLARITY to enhance the imaging of ganglia in an invertebrate Aplysia. For example, we have modified the hydrogel solution and designed a small container for the Aplysia ganglia. The ganglia were first processed for immunohistochemistry, and then for CLARITY. We examined the compatibility of these techniques and the extent to which the imaging of fluorescence improved using confocal microscopy. We found that CLARITY did indeed enhance the imaging of CP2 immunopositive neurons in Aplysia ganglia. For example, it improved visualization of small, weak immunoreactive neurons deep in the ganglia. Our modifications of CLARITY make this new method suitable for future use in Aplysia experiments. Furthermore, our techniques are likely to facilitate imaging in other invertebrate ganglia.

In recent years, stroke-induced immunodepression syndrome (SIDS) and the resulting stroke-associated infection (SAI) have become a focus of current research efforts. Inflammatory reactions after stroke promote tissue healing and eliminate necrotic cells, whereas excessive inflammatory reactions may cause secondary damage. Stroke-induced immunodepression not only reduces inflammatory reactions and protects brain tissues but also weakens the resistance of the human body against pathogens and leads to infection. Changes in the local and systemic immune system in stroke patients may play an important role in prognosis. Infection is a leading cause of death in patients following stroke, and an evaluation of the prognosis of stroke patients is associated closely with the presence of infectious complications. Among these complications, pneumonia is the most common type of infection observed after acute stroke, which exhibits the greatest effect on the recovery of neurological function. SIDS is closely related to stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP), and the use of immunodepression as an entry point may provide an efficacious treatment target and drug development strategy. An improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to SAP is essential to develop new treatment strategies for improving the outcomes of stroke patients.

To search for new protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitors with improved bioactivity, a series of novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione-benzoxazinone hybrids, 9-13, were designed and synthesized. Several compounds with improved tobacco PPO (mtPPO)-inhibiting and promising herbicidal activities were found. Among them, the most potent compound, 3-(7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4] oxazin-6-yl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 11q, with a Ki value of 0.0074 μM, showed six times more activity than flumioxazin (Ki = 0.046 μM) against mtPPO. Compound 11q displayed a strong and broad spectrum of weed control at 37.5-150 g of active ingredient (ai)/ha by both post- and pre-emergence application, which was comparable to that of flumioxazin. 11q was safe to maize, soybean, peanut, and cotton at 150 g ai/ha, and selective to rice and wheat at 75 g ai/ha by pre-emergence application, indicating potential applicability in these fields.

Currently, the research of chemokines has penetrated into many fields of life science. A new kind of chemokines, chemokine like factor 1 (CKLF1), which is cloned through suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) technology is expressed widely in human body, especially in the lung and peripheral blood leukocytes. CKLF1 has a broad spectrum of chemotaxic activity for many cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, bone marrow cells, nerve cells and so on. In addition, CKLF1 also stimulates the regeneration of skeletal muscle cells in vivo. Collecting data derived from our and other laboratories show that CKLF1 has an important relationship with allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and so on. Therefore, there be an important theoretical purport and applied value to make a summary of pharmacological progress of CKLF1.

In the adult mouse hippocampus, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) of CA1 neurons play an important role in the synaptic plasticity. The location of NMDARs can determine their roles in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). However, the extrasynaptic NMDARs (ES-NMDARs) dependent LTP haven’t been reported. Here, through the use of a 5-Hz stimulation and MK-801 (an irreversible antagonist of NMDARs) in the CA1 neurons of adult mice hippocampal slices, synaptic NMDARs were selectively inhibited and NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents were not recovered. We found that a robust LTP was induced by 3-train 100-Hz stimulation when the synaptic NMDARs and extrasynaptic NR2B containing NMDARs were blocked, but not in the any of the following conditions: blocking of all NMDARs (synaptic and extrasynaptic), blocking of the synaptic NMDARs, and blocking of the synaptic NMDARs and extrasynaptic NR2A-containing NMDARs. The results indicate that this LTP is ES-NMDARs dependent, and NR2B-containing ES-NMDARs modulates the threshold of LTP induction.

Legislation is the most basic system of a country, which is related to development, advancement and stability of a country. And development in all aspects shall take legislation as the foundation. The rapid development in several ten years in China is beyond imagination of the whole world. However, due to the high development speed, the improvement of legislation system cannot catch up with the national development, which causes a situation where there is no law applicable to various problems, and many people are illegally slipping through. The lack of legal talents is one of the main reasons for laws being not able to make rapid progress, and the talents cultivated under cultivation systems in many colleges and universities cannot meet the social demands. Therefore, we need to improve cultivation modes to create new talents. In the thesis, it has given a simple research and analysis on reform and innovation of law major talents cultivation modes in local colleges and universities, hoping to make certain contribution to development of China’s legal practices.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a pivotal regulator of intracellular signaling pathways and considered as a promising target in the development of a therapeutic treatment of cancer. Among the different PI3K subtypes, the PIK3CA gene encoding PI3K p110α is frequently mutated and overexpressed in majority of human cancers. Therefore, the inhibition of PI3Kα has been considered to be an efficient approach for the treatment of cancer. In this study, two series compounds containing hydrophilic group in imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and quinazolin-4(3H)-one were synthesized and their antiproliferative activities against five cancer cell lines, including HCT-116, SK-HEP-1, MDA-MB-231, SNU638 and A549, were evaluated. Compound 1i with most potent antiproliferative activity was selected for further biological evaluation. PI3K kinase assay showed that 1i has selectivity for PI3Kα distinguished from other isoforms. The western blot assay indicated that 1i is more effective than HS-173, an imidazopyridine-based PI3Ka inhibitor, in reducing the levels of phospho-Akt. All these results suggested that 1i is a potent PI3Kα inhibitor and could be considered as a potential candidate for the development of anticancer agents.

In higher plants, jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins negatively regulate the biosynthesis of anthocyanins by interacting with bHLH transcription factors. However, it is largely unknown if and how other regulators are involved in this process. In this study, the apple MdJAZ2 protein was characterized in regards to its function in the negative regulation of anthocyanin accumulation and peel coloration. MdJAZ2 was used as a bait to screen a cDNA library using the yeast two-hybrid method. The hypersensitive induced reaction (HIR) proteins, MdHIR2 and MdHIR4, were obtained from this yeast two-hybrid. The ZIM domain of MdJAZ2 and the PHB domain of the MdHIR proteins are necessary for their interactions. The interactions were further verified using an in vitro pull-down assay. Subsequently, immunoblotting assays demonstrated that MdHIR4 enhanced the stability of the MdJAZ2-GUS protein. Finally, a viral vector-based transformation method showed that MdHIR4 inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and fruit coloration in apple by modulating the expression of genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis.

A coordination polymer [Zn(H-ntb)]n (1) based on the tritopic carboxylate linker of 4,4′,4′'-nitrilotribenzoate (H3-ntb) was reported here. Compound 1 crystallizes in a polar space group of Pca21 and contains two-dimensional layers formed from the left- and right-handed helical chains pillared by the benzoate moieties to give a three-dimensional structure. The present compound 1 features a noncentrosymmetric structure and displays a strong phase-matchable second-harmonic-generation (SHG) response of 1.2 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). The inherent polarity of the 4,4′,4′'-nitrilotribenzoate and distortive [ZnO4] tetrahedrons as well as the asymmetric arrangement of the building blocks are responsible for the SHG activity for 1.

Aim To better characterize spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma (SpCMC) of breast, a rare variant of breast cancer that has been classified under the broad rubric of metaplastic carcinoma. Methods We presented herein 19 cases of metaplastic breast carcinoma with dominant spindle cell component. All cases were clinically of breast origin, showed more than 80% spindle morphology, 10 cases exhibited pure spindled morphology, 8 contained invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 1 presented with ductal carcinoma in situ elements. Results Immunohistochemical studies showed evidence suggesting myoepithelial and epithelial differentiation as exhibited by immunoreactivity for at least one myoepithelial and epithelial markers in all pure spindle cell components. IDC group showed 21.7% of axillary lymph nodes metastasis rate, whereas the axillary lymph node metastasis rate of the SpCMC group was 1.3%, significantly lower than that of the IDC group (P

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of tannins from banana peels. Based on the single-factor experiments, four independent variables including ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature were selected as affecting factors. According to central composite design (CCD) the four factor, five levels experiments were carried out with the tannin extraction yield as evaluation index. The results show that the optimized conditions are as follows: ethanol concentration of 75.44%, solid to liquid ratio of 1:35.34, extraction time of 7.94 h, extraction temperature of 62.85°C. Under the optimized conditions, the predicted tannin extraction yield reaches 58.55%, while the actual extraction yield is 57.42% with the relative error of 1.13%.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Here we investigated the antitumor effect and mechanism of Zhejiang (Huzhou and Jiande) saffron against lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H446. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the contents of crocin I and II were determined. In vitro, MTT assay and annexin-V FITC/PI staining showed cell proliferation activity and apoptosis to be changed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibition effect of Jiande saffron was the strongest. In vivo, when mice were orally administered saffron extracts at dose of 100mg/kg/d for 28 days, xenograft tumor size was reduced, and ELISA and Western blotting analysis of caspase-3, -8 and -9 exhibited stronger expression and activity than in the control. In summary, saffron from Zhejiang has significant antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo through caspase-8-caspase-9-caspase-3 mediated cell apoptosis. It thus appears to have more potential as a therapeutic agent.

The ground penetrating radar and radar wave propagation in the subsurface environment is very complex. All kinds of noise and clutter interference is very serious, and detection echo data is a variety of with clutter. Therefore, the key techniques of data processing is to suppress clutter processing of ground penetrating radar record data. Surfacelet transform can efficiently capture and represent local surface singularities with different sizes. In order to improve the reliability of 3D ground penetrating radar detection results and accuracy, this paper presents a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar signal denoising method based on Surfacelet transform. Using Surfacelet transform and 3D context model for ground penetrating radar (GPR) analog signal to denoising, the noise in the case of low signal noise ratio (SNR) still can obtain a better result, and the simulations prove the effectiveness of the method.

A sensitive and efficient method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight synthetic dyes (Chrysoidin, Auramine O, Sudan(I-IV), Para Red, and Rhodamine B) in bean and meat products using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A simple extraction procedure using acetonitrile has been applied for the extraction of these dyes from spiked bean and meat samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters XTerra C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 5 μm) with a multistep gradient elution. Detection and quantification were performed using mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Linear calibrations were obtained with correlation coefficients R(2) > 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification for the eight dyes were in the ranges of 0.03-0.75 and 0.1-2.0 μg/kg depending on matrices, respectively. The recoveries of these dyes in different food matrices were between 71.2 and 116.9% with relative standard deviations

Saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris (SRPM), the bioactive component in Rhizoma Panacis Majoris, were reported to possess protective effects on brain injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study was performed to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanism of SRPM on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Neuroprotective effects of SPRM in CI/R mice was evaluated by infarct size, biochemical values, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Bcl-2 family expressions. In the study, we found that SRPM exerted beneficially protective effects on CI/R injury, mainly scavenging oxidative stress-triggered overgeneration and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, improving the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response: role of Nrf2 and Bcl-2 family expressions, and alleviating CI/R injury and cerebral cell death.

Salvia Miltiorrhizae Bge, a popular Chinese herb has been widely adopted for use in Chinese hospitals for both the prevention and the active management of cardiovascular disease. there is no study on its cardioprotective effects against HF and more importantly, the underlying mechanisms of its beneficial effects by SDF-1/CXCR4 axis remain poorly understood. This study was performed to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanism of aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (AESM) on HF rats. In the study, cardioprotective effects of AESM on HF rats was evaluated by herat function, myocardial pathology, myocardial cell proliferation, SDF-1, CXCR4 and Bcl-2 family mRNA expressions. In the experiment, we found that AESM exerted beneficially protective effects on the HF rats, mainly recoverying normal heart function, myocardial pathology and myocardial cell proliferation. The underlying mechanism of these protective effects of AESM appeared to involve improving the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and Bcl-2 family expressions.

For a temperature rebound in the irrigated high arch dam during the construction period, using finite element method to research the influence of environment temperature to temperature rebound of the irrigated high concrete arch dam. Assuming that the initial temperature of the dam concrete is the joint grouting temperature. This paper presents a simulation of the temperature rebound of the high arch dam which is caused by the monthly average environment temperature, and performs sensitivity analysis to research the influence of thermal conductivity and surface heat preservation on the temperature rebound. According to the analysis,when the high arch dam sealing temperature is lower than the dam site annual average temperature, the dam site temperature inevitably would flow backward,slowly,to the irrigation area.The larger the thermal conductivity is,the quicker the temperature rebound speed will be. And benzene board insulation can reduce concrete temperature rebound rate, if the heat preservation benzene board is thicker,the temperature rebound rate is smaller.

Applying Wall tapping and roof sounding for coal blasting mining, excavation face to determine whether the status of roadway roof separation occurs. Firstly through beating the different parts of rock layers and record the received voice signal, which do the DTW feature extraction of the voice signal. Secondly based on the model database of constructed roof separated layer, determining the state of the roof combining with BP neural network recognition algorithm, after the extraction of DTW feature and the sequence data generated. Finally simulation and experiments show that identification method based on DTW, determining the state of the roof characteristic. Whether the roof separation of roadway occurs, to avoid the misjudgment problems of lack of experience in practical works.

A new atomic mobility database for Fcc_A1, L12, Bcc_A2, Bcc_B2, and liquid phases in the Al-Cu-Fe-Mg-Mn-Ni-Si-Zn system has been established via a hybrid approach of experiment, first-principles calculations and DICTRA (DIffusion Controlled TRAnsformation) software, focusing on the atomic mobility parameters in ternary systems. Various diffusivities can be computed as a function of temperature and composition. The reliability of this diffusivity database is further validated by comparing the calculated and measured diffusion properties in a series of ternary and quaternary diffusion couples, including concentration profiles, diffusion paths, interdiffusion fluxes, and so on. The effect of the diffusivity database on microstructure evolution during solidification is demonstrated by the phase field simulation of primary (Al) grains in Al356.1 alloy. The simulation results indicate that such accurate diffusivity database is highly needed for the quantitative simulation of microstructural evolution during solidification.

DG-7 (11,14-dihydroxy-7,20-epoxy-20-O-derivative of ent-kaurene diterpenoid) is a novel anti-tumor candidate drug. A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of DG-7 in rat plasma. An aliquot of 50 μL plasma sample was prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Waters XTerra C18 column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic elution system consisting of methanol and water. Detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. The optimized fragmentation transitions for MRM were m/z 590.1→m/z 260.0 for DG-7 and m/z 180.3→m/z 110.1 for phenacetin (internal standard). The method was linear over the concentration range of 5-2,500 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 7.9% and the accuracy was within ± 9.0%. The mean recovery of DG-7 ranged from 76.8% to 79.2%. The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after intravenous administration of DG-7.

The poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)-functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid silica was prepared by a hydrothermal-assisted surface grafting technique. Static adsorption experiment results showed that PEI-functionalized hybrid silica had high static adsorption capacity of 68.1 mg g−1, which was 1.3 times as much as that of the sorbents by conventional heating method. PEI-functionalized hybrid silica displayed stable adsorption ability for Pb(II) ions in the range of pH 4–8. An equilibrium state was reached within 30 min. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were used to fit the equilibrium data, and it was found that the Langmuir adsorption model provided good fit. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo, were evaluated with results indicating that this system was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results indicated that PEI-functionalized hybrid silica could be employed as an effective material for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dayananda’s method for calculating the average ternary interdiffusion coefficient ( D ¯ ij 3 ) using a single diffusion couple has recently been extended by Cermak and Rothova to determine the composition-dependent interdiffusion coefficients ( D ij 3 ) in ternary systems based on the limitation of lim x 1 → x 2 D ¯ ij 3 = D ij 3 in the distance interval . In the present paper, the authors argue that such a limitation is not applicable, and the so-called Cermak–Rothova approach cannot be used to obtain the “truly” composition-dependent interdiffusion coefficients.

Endophytic fungus BS002 was isolated and characterized from Sophora flavescens by plate method, which has broad antimicrobial activity. Isolation and trace of a new bioactive compound from the fungus’ culture extracts with the method of column chromatography and TLC biological autoradiography was conducted. Finally, it was identified as 6,7-(2′E) dibutenyl-5,8-dihydroxy-(Z)-cyclooct-2-ene-1,4-dione by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The compound presented strong antifungal activities for example: Botryosphaeria berengriana f.sp. piricola, Physalospora piricola, Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell. Arthur., Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, Fusarium moniliforme. The inhibition to Physalospora piricola was the strongest with an antibacterial diameter of 45 mm. This paper is the first report of the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi BS002 that was the secondary metabolites extracted from the seeds of Sophora flavescens. The results provide a broad foregr...

Tea crabapple ( Malus hupehensis Redh. var. Pingyiensis) is a typical facultative apomictic apple rootstock. Its asexual seed formation is affected by environmental temperature; however, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. In this study, we found that unreduced embryo sacs escaped fertilization due to a developmental delay, which is referred to as the female-late-on-date (FLD) strategy. The percentage of FLD was positively correlated with the apomictic capacity and was greatly affected by the environmental temperature during blossoming and pollination. Temperature also affected the FLD and apomictic capacity by altering pistil longevity. Taken together, FLD is a crucial developmental event for apomixis in apomictic crabapples, which prevents the unreduced embryo sacs from pollination and fertilization. Artificial manipulation of FLD by shortening pistil longevity may be used to control the percentage of apomictic seeds, which is helpful not only for uniform seedling production but also for the apomictic breeding program.

A new copper(II) complex, [Cu(glygly)(pbt)(H2O)]ClO4 (glygly = glycylglycine anion and pbt = 2-(2′-pyridyl)benzothiazole) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, mass spectra, IR spectra, UV–vis spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Spectroscopic titration, viscosity, and electrophoresis measurements revealed that the complex intercalated to calf thymus (CT)-DNA with moderate binding affinity (Kb = 5.64 × 104 M−1), and cleaved pBR322 DNA at a low concentration of 5 μM in the presence of ascorbic acid, presumably via an oxidative mechanism. Further, the protein-binding ability has been monitored by various spectroscopic techniques (UV–vis, fluorescence and CD) using human serum albumin (HSA) as a model protein. The complex displayed desired affinity to HSA in which hydrophobic interaction played a major role. In addition, the complex was subjected to cytotoxicity tests in vitro using three human cancer cells lines (HepG2, HeLa and A549) and showed prominent and selective cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines (IC50 ∼ 17.78 μM).

In vitro test was used to determine the effect of acid stress on soil nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) J2 survival, behavior, individual development and fluid extravasations. The effects of acid stress on J2 survival is C2H2O4>C6H8O7>C4H6O5. Inhibition on J2 movement behavior increased with time prolonged. Effect on nematode body length, stylet length, tail transparent area length, body fluid extravasations: C2H2O4>C6H8O7>C4H6O5. At high magnification optical microscope can be clearly observed symptoms of poisoning J2. Compared with the control, acid inhibited the nematode survival, movement and individual development, promote the body fluid extravasations, destroyed the normal physiological metabolism of nematodes, even lead to death.

Poly(ethyleneimine)-functionalized organic-inorganic hybrid silica adsorbent was synthesized by hydrothermal-assisted surface grafting technique for the removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution, and was characterized by FT-IR, nitrogen adsorption and the static adsorption-desorption experiment method. The results indicated that the maximum static adsorption capacity of Ni(II) on poly(ethyleneimine)-functionalized hybrid silica adsorbent by hydrothermal heating method was 1.6 times as much as the conventional heating method. The poly(ethyleneimine)-functionalized hybrid silica adsorbent offered a fast kinetics for the adsorption of Ni(II), had a substantial binding capacity in the range of pH 4-8 and could be used repeatedly. The Langmuir adsorption model was more favorable than the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption models. The adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model compared with pseudo-first-order model. Various thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The results showed that poly(ethyleneimine)-functionalized hybrid silica adsorbent could be employed as an effective material for the removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution.

Utilize of property evaluation method for an immobilizing procedure is very important. In this paper, an immobilizing procedure was used to stabilize heavy metals in tested soils. Tessier sequence extract procedure (SEP), toxicity leaching procedure (TCLP) and simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) were used to evaluate the efficiency of the stabilization procedure. The leachability, bioaccessibility and speciation of As, Cu and Pb in the tested soils were analyzed using Tessier SEP, TCLP and SBET method separately. The results indicated that the most active part of the heavy metals could be extracted out by TCLP method and it could be used to evaluate the risk of the tested soils. Tessier method divided heavy metals in soils to different fractions. Monitoring the changes of different fractions during the immobilizing procedure could help fully understand the mechanism of stabilization. The SBET method simulated the human digest system and evaluated the risk changes to human during the immobilizing procedure. And it helped to reveal the potential risk of chemical stability. In our project, these three evaluation method should be utilized properly to help accessing the risk, electing suitable immobilizing method and evaluating the efficiency of stabilization.

In this study, the equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics of Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions adsorption onto on the surface of poly(ethyleneimine)-functionalized silica from aqueous solution were investigated. The effects of various parameters on the adsorption process, such as contact time, solution pH, initial concentrations of metal ions, and temperature, were studied to optimize the conditions for maximum adsorption. Constant adsorption capacities were seen in the range of pH 4–8. An equilibrium state was reached within 30 min. The experimental values of maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions onto poly(ethyleneimine)-functionalized silica gel were 32.7, 28.5, 40.3, and 54.3 mg g−1, respectively. The batch adsorption kinetics was studied for pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, Elovich model, and intra-particle diffusion model, and it was found that the pseudo-second-order model was observed to be the best. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were used to fit the equilibrium data, and it was found that the Langmuir adsorption model provided a good fit. Various thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° indicated that the adsorption process was a spontaneous and endothermic process.

Objective: Explore the effect of psoraleae gels external use on vitiligo guinea pig, to prove psoraleae gel can promote the formation of melanin guinea pig skin like psoraleae injection. Methods: Using chemical decolorization to establish vitiligo animal models, treatment by psoraleae gel, observation the effect of high, moderate and low dose of psoraleae gel external use in vitiligo guinea pig serum ChE activity and MDA level, skin pathological changes and the sum total of skin melanin granules. Results: Compared with model group, high, moderate dose psoraleae gel group can significantly improve the serum ChE activity, on vitiligo mode, High, moderate dose psoraleae gel group can significantly improve the serum ChE activity and significantly reduce serum MDA level, high, moderate and low dose psoraleae gel group were significantly promote the guinea pig skin melanin formation and the sum total of melanin granules increased significantly. Conclusion: Psoraleae gel treatments of vitiligo guinea pigs have a very good role; this experiment can show psoraleae gel can be used in the clinical treatment of vitiligo.

Advancing contact angle ( θ ), for aqueous solutions of the zwitterionic surfactants, hexadecanol glycidyl ether glycine Betaine (C 16 PB), guerbet alcohol hexadecyl glycidyl ether glycine Betaine (C 16 GPB), hexadecanol polyoxyethylene(3) glycidyl ether glycine Betaine (C 16 (EO) 3 PB) and guerbet alcohol hexadecyl polyoxyethylene(3) glycidyl ether glycine Betaine (C 16 G(EO) 3 PB), were measured on the quartz surface by the sessile drop analysis. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to detect the nature of adsorption film at quartz surface. The obtained results indicate there are only slightly changes of contact angle as a function of bulk concentration for four surfactants during the experimental concentration range caused by the random arrangement of surfactant molecules at quartz surface through Lifshitz–van der Waals interactions. For C 16 PB and C 16 GPB, a similar adsorption density at water–air and quartz–water interface is observed. In the case of C 16 (EO) 3 PB and C 16 G(EO) 3 PB solutions, a smaller surfactants adsorption at quartz–water interface than at water–air interface probably results from steric effect due to parallel orientation of surfactants in the monolayer at quartz–water interface resulted from the interaction between EO group and quartz. The adsorption characteristics of zwitterionic surfactants remain less variation with the insertion of EO group and the presences of branched-chain in the hydrophobic group are quite opposite. For C 16 PB and C 16 (EO) 3 PB, a three-stage adsorption mechanism has been provided, while a four-stage mechanism must be taken into account for C 16 G PB and C 16 G(EO) 3 PB. The characteristics of force curves measured by AFM between alkyl-modification tips and surfactant-modification quartz plates can strongly confirm the nature of modified film on quartz surface and ensure the adsorption mechanism provided above.

Four new organic–inorganic hybrid compounds based on lanthanide elements and metatungstate, (NH4)4[Er2(pydc)2(H2O)9(H2W12O40)]·12H2O (1); (NH4)3[Ln3(pydc)3(H2O)15(H2W12O40)]·nH2O, Tm (2), n = 17; Yb (3), n = 20; Lu (4), n = 13; pydc = pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate were conventionally synthesized and characterized by element analysis, IR spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 shows a two-dimensional structure with (72·3)(72·3)(75·112·3) topology, and compounds 2–4 are isomorphic and have a three-dimensional (3D) framework with α-polonium structure if the [Ln3(H2W12O40)]3+ is considered as six-connected nodes and pydc as linker. The formation of these compounds with two types of multidimensional structures mainly depends on size of Ln and then on coordination modes of the ligands. Furthermore, magnetic properties of 1–3 have been examined. To our best knowledge, compounds 2–4 represent the first examples of 3D inorganic-organicarchitectures based on lanthanide, polyoxometalate and pyridine-3,5-carboxylic acid.

Two methods including coupling agents after argon plasma and coupling agents before argon plasma were employed to modify the poly [1,4-phenylene-cis-benzobisoxazole] (PBO) fiber surface. The surface properties of PBO fibers were comparing treated by two methods of Coupling Agents before Argon Plasma and Coupling Agents after Argon Plasma. The interfacial shearing strength (IFSS) of PBO fibers/epoxy resin was measured by the single fiber pull-out test. The surface morphology and the wettability of PBO fibers were determined by scanning electron microscopy and . Washburn method. The results showed that the wettability of the treated fibers were improved. Under the same concentration of the coupling agents and the same parameter of argon plasma, the IFSS of PBO fibers treated by coupling agents before argon plasma (PBO-A-187-Ar) was always larger than that of PBO fibers treated by coupling agents after argon plasma (PBO-Ar-A-187). The IFSS of the untreated fibers was 5.88MPa, while at a 2% concentration of coupling agents (A-187), the highest IFSS of PBO-A-187-Ar and PBO-Ar-A-187 were 10.44MPa and 9.30MPa, respectively.

In the adult rat hippocampus, activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is required for the induction of certain forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Several studies have indicated the opposing role of synaptic NMDARS (S-NMDARs) versus extrasynaptic NMDARs (ES-NMDARs) in CREB-dependent gene regulation and neuronal survival/death. The contribution of ES-NMDARs in synaptic plasticity, however, remains unclear. Here we investigated the contribution of ES-NMDARs on LTD induction in CA1 neurons of rat hippocampal slices. ES-NMDARs were selectively activated by theta burst stimulation (TBS) after selective blockade of S-NMDARs with pairing of 5 Hz stimulation and MK-801, an irreversible use-dependent antagonist of NMDARs. Application of TBS in naïve slices evoked a transient potentiation. In contrast, the activation of ES-NMDARs evoked a robust LTD. These results suggest the involvement of ES-NMDARs in LTD induction.

Based on the thermodynamic description, experimental diffusion coefficients and empirical relations, the atomic mobilities of Al and Zr in fcc_Al, bcc_Zr and hcp_Zr phases have been optimized. From the comparisons between the calculated and measured diffusion coefficients, it can be seen that most of the experimental data are reproduced well. A good prediction was also made in the composition–distance profile of the diffusion zone in the Zr/Zr-2.8 wt% Al diffusion couple. Introducing the concept of “average interdiffusion coefficient”, the growth of ZrAl 3 intermetallic phase with a narrow homogeneity range in Zr/Al diffusion couples was simulated using the obtained atomic mobility parameters. Meanwhile the average interdiffusion coefficients were assessed and their temperature dependence was then established. The difference in the average interdiffusion coefficients of the ZrAl 3 phase based on separate experiments was also explained.

The meniscus injury and post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesions often cause great burdens to patients. Ghrelin, a recently identified 28-amino-acid peptide, has been shown to inhibit inflammation and perform as a growth factor for chondrocyte.This study was aimed at investigating ghrelin concentration in synovial fluid and its association with the degree of meniscus injury, articular degeneration, and clinical severity in patients suffering from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency.61 ACL deficiency patients admitted to our hospital were drafted in the current study. The Noyes scale and Mankin scores were used to assess articular cartilage damage arthroscopically and histopathologically, respectively. The Lysholm scores and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores were utilized to evaluate the clinical severity. The radiological severity of meniscus injury was assessed by MR imaging. Serum and synovial fluid ghrelin levels were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cartilage degradation markers collagen type II C-telopeptide (CTX-II) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in addition to inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were also examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the diagnostic value of ghrelin levels for the prediction of the MRI grading for meniscus injury by comparing with other biomarkers.SF ghrelin levels were positively related to Lysholm and IKDC scores. PTOA patients with grade 3 showed significantly decreased levels of ghrelin in SF compared with those with grade 2. The ghrelin levels in SF were negatively related to MRI signal grades for meniscus injury. SF ghrelin levels were also inversely associated with Noyes scale and Mankin scores, and levels of inflammation markers IL-6, TNF-α, and degradation biomarkers COMP and CTX-II. ROC analysis showed that ghrelin was more valuable for severe meniscus injury diagnosis by MRI imaging.Synovial fluid ghrelin levels demonstrated an independent and negative association with meniscus injury, cartilage damage, and clinical severity in patients with ACL deficiency. Ghrelin in SF might serve as a potential cartilage protective factor for PTOA. Local application of ghrelin as a potential adjuvant therapy for delaying cartilage degeneration following ACL injury deserves further study.

Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) has significant impacts on ozone depletion in the polar middle atmosphere during geomagnetic activity. It is well known that solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in ozone generation. Therefore, it is interesting to compare the contributions of EPP and solar UV to ozone changes in the polar upper atmosphere. In this article, we use the annual average Ap index to denote the annual-mean magnitude of the geomagnetic activity, which is closely correlated with the EPP flux, and the annual average F10.7 index to denote the annual-mean magnitude of the solar radiation, which is somewhat related to the solar UV. We adopt the 5° zonal annual-mean ozone profile dataset to study the statistical characters between the ozone dataset and the Ap, F10.7 indices. Multiple regression analysis shows that the contributions of geomagnetic activity are not negligible and are of a similar order of magnitude as the solar UV radiation in the polar upper atmosphere (above 10 hPa). The results also show that high-speed solar-wind-stream-induced and coronal-mass-ejection-driven geomagnetic activity is of the same order of magnitude. There are interhemispheric differences according to our multiple regression analysis. We discuss the possible causes of these differences.

The explicit statistical model of concrete temperature variation is difficult to reasonably reflect the nonlinear relationship between the historical information and future information. This article is based on neural network intelligence tools and uses the neural network model to describe the concrete temperature variation during the construction. The relationships between the concrete temperature and initial temperature (pouring temperature), environmental temperature, the cement hydration heat temperature increase, water cooling effect and other factors are nonlinear. Establishing the neural network model of concrete temperature variation, exploring the historical temperature information could predict the future temperature information. Applying the intelligent prediction model to a construction project shows that when compared with the traditional explicit temperature statistical model, the temperature neural network prediction model established in this paper has obvious simplicity and superiority.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively applied as preferable herbal remedy for menopausal symptoms. In the present work, the potential of a TCM recipe named RRF, composed of Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and Folium Epimedii, was investigated on a natural aging rat model. After administration of RRF (141, 282, and 564 mg/kg/d), the circulated estradiol (E2) level increased accompanied by a reduction of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). But no significant impact on serum lutenizing hormone (LH) level was observed. As a result of the E2-FSH-LH adjustment, the histomorphology degenerations of ovary, uterus, and vagina of the 11.5-month female rats were alleviated. And lumbar vertebrae trabecular microstructure was also restored under RRF exposure by means of increasing the trabecular area and area rate. Moreover, levels of hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) rallied significantly after RRF treatment. Results from our studies suggest that RRF possesses a positive regulation on the estrogen imbalance and neurotransmitter disorder, thereby restoring reproductive organ degeneration and skeleton deterioration. The above-mentioned benefits of RRF on the menopause syndromes recommend RRF as a potential candidate for the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome.

Theme class meeting is one of the most common and effective education modes in university & college ideological and political education. It not only represents the demeanor of contemporary college students, but also is the main approach for class instructors to conduct effective management and the indispensable part in ideological and political education work. The development of theme meeting is beneficial for the formation of class cohesion, conducive for the improvement of class instructor’s work level, beneficial for the consolidation on teaching results of ideological and political theory courses, and conducive for enriching the form and contents of ideological and political education.

ZnSe is widely used in infrared optical systems because of the good optical characteristics in 0.5~22μm and the good processability. Physical Vapor Deposition(PVD) of ZnSe is good at no pollution in production process, lower price, etc. Infrared optical parts should be made by single point diamond turning or single point diamond fly-cutting after the experimental investigation of the ultra-precision turning capability of PVD ZnSe. The orthogonal experiment of ultra-precision turning PVD ZnSe was done at first, then the smooth turning surface and the rough turning surface were observed by metallographic microscope and 3D profilometer, and the mechanism of the defects on the turning surface was discussed. The result shows: the quality of ultra-precision turning surface of PVD ZnSe was restricted by the grain size and the distribution of the grain which could easily cause the variegated macula at the grain size, rising the spindle speed, reducing the feed rate and reducing the cut depth could make the quality of ultra-precision turning surface better and reduce the roughness Ra value lower, the roughness Ra value of the smooth turning surface was reached 3~4nm which is enough to the infrared optical image systems currently by using the optimization of parameters.

Polycomb-group (PcG) protein MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF IRA1 (MSI1) protein is an evolutionarily conserved developmental suppressor and plays a crucial role in regulating epigenetic modulations. However, the potential role and function of MSI1 in fleshy fruits remain unknown. In this study, SlMSI1 was cloned and transformed into tomato to explore its function. The quantitative real-time PCR results showed that SlMSI1 was highly expressed in flowers and fruits and that its transcript and protein levels were significantly decreased in fruits after the breaker stage. Additionally, SlMSI1-overexpressing transgenic tomatoes displayed abnormal non-ripening fruit formation, whereas its suppression promoted fruit ripening in transgenic tomatoes. Quantitative real-time PCR assays also showed that RIN and its regulons were decreased in SlMSI1 overexpression transgenic tomato fruits. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that SlMSI1 inhibits fruit ripening by negatively regulating a large set of fruit-ripening genes in addition to RIN and its regulons. Finally, genetic manipulation of SlMSI1 and RIN successfully prolonged the fruit shelf life by regulating the fruit-ripening genes in tomato. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory function of SlMSI1 in fruit ripening and provide a new regulator that may be useful for genetic engineering and modification of fruit shelf life.