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In 2020, a collective monograph was published in Olomouc dedicated to the nature of the Czech language and culture in Volhynia in today’s Ukraine, overviewing the settlement and history of Czech migrants in this area, including culture-specific features of the local Czech identity, especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Language features, which play a significant role, are also described. The volume sheds light on phenomena of language contact, in subsystems such as phonetics and phonology, morphosyntax, and lexicology. In this context, the authors present and analyze empirical material. The book is an important contribution to the study of Czech cultural heritage outside the country’s borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influx of neologisms associated with the coronavirus pandemic demonstrates the natural need to expand the lexicon with new words when the language community is confronted with a new reality. Neological adoptions (the word lockdown in Czech) and semantic neologisms (the extension of the English word lockdown with a new meaning) thus directly reflect the adaptation to a new reality at the linguistic level. In my article relying primarily on empirical data from monitoring corpora of Czech and English, I focus mainly on the process of adapting the individual loanword into the Czech lexical system, successively on the conceptual, formal, morphological, word-forming, and syntactic level. The unproblematic integration of the word into the Czech environment, crowned by its inclusion in the emerging monolingual dictionary of Czech, may also testify to the state of the Czech language in today's global world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper presents the results of a qualitative analysis of speech errors made during the L2 picture-naming task in the context of two mutually intelligible languages. The task was performed by native speakers of Slovak and its target language was Czech. The errors demonstrate that production is partly based on the so-called interlanguage analogies and interiorized rules derived from them. Such issues have been rather overlooked in the previous literature. Our qualitative findings offer a viable starting point for formulating novel hypotheses for quantitative studies on lexical access in bilinguals. The evidence discussed here shows that examining less commonly studied languages in their specific contexts can substantially enrich the research that has traditionally focused on better studied languages, such as English, French, German or Dutch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with achievements, limitations and pitfalls of developing the Online Czech Proofreader Tool (OCPT). The Tool has been developed in cooperation with the Department of Czech language of the Faculty of Arts of Masaryk University, the Institute of Theoretical and Computational Linguistics of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University, the Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Seznam.cz since 2019. The article describes the linguistic data used and tools and modules that constitute the OCPT and indicates the limitations of using an online web-based proofreader tool, especially in areas where mere application of formal rules for language error detection is not sufficient. The article also brings up the drawbacks of developing the OCPT which include occurrence of false-positives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the influence of Hindi/Urdu on Czech in advanced Hindi/Urdu L1 speakers of Czech as a second language. At present, dozens of Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers enroll in Czech language courses in India every year, and thousands of Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers live in the Czech Republic and have acquired Czech at various levels of proficiency. The objective of this paper is to provide first empirically based insights for teachers of Czech as a foreign/second language to Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers in India and in the Czech Republic. This study analyzes language production of 10 Hindi/Urdu L1 speakers who have lived long-term in the Czech Republic. The analysis is based on recordings of informal conversations. The obtained linguistic data was compared with standard grammar descriptions of Hindi/Urdu and Czech in order to perform error analysis. With the help of contrastive analysis, errors caused by language transfer were identified and categorized according to the following language domains: phonetics and phonology, and morphosyntax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some of the results of a PhD research concerning translations of Modern Greek literature into Slovak language. It will focus on the comparison of the translation activities in Slovak and Czech Republic. It is a well-known fact that there is an abysmal difference between the Czech and Slovak translation situation for what Modern Greek literature concerns. After the defeat of the communists in Greece in 1949, Czechoslovakia received thousands of Greek citizens who were stationed only in cities of the Czech part of the country. The first lectorate of Modern Greek was established at the Charles University in Prague in order to educate Greek children in their mother tongue. Textbooks and dictionaries in Czech language were published to help Greeks integrate themselves in the new environment. The situation in the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia was diametrically different. The absence of a Greek diaspora had a significant impact on Modern Greek studies and hence the production of translations from Modern Greek literature into Slovak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the translation of Vsevolod Nekrasov's poetry into Czech. However, it also considers the more general question of whether it is possible to transpose poetry full of delicate humour, hidden allusions, codes and ciphers into another language in such a way that the reader would not be deprived of the aesthetic impression of the original. Nekrasov's creative and playful poetry poses, at the same time, serious questions and contains hidden messages that should not be ignored by the translator either. The study also points out and demonstrates, using particular examples, that in the process of translation the translator must take the responsibility for the interpretation of the text and must "determine" it to certain extent. This subjective prism then becomes an indispensable part of the reception of translation in the target language area. Specifically, in case of Nekrasov's poetry, the translator must, besides usual difficulties, face also other challenges, such as the translation of neologisms or uncommon realia, which form the basic elements of his verses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Etnolingwistyka is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acotaciones: Investigación y Creación Teatral is the property of Real Escuela Superior de Arte Dramatico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article discusses the terminology of health and impaired health on the platform of present-day medical Czech and medical English against the background of historical developments and current extralinguistic variables. The main objective of this theoretical review is to survey selected issues related to the conceptual-linguistic apparatus of health and ill health in a broader linguistic and social context with an emphasis on Czech and English medical terminologies, respectively. Overall, the content of the article is based on the author's linguistic and teaching experience and draws on available literature. It principally consorts comparative, historical linguistic and conceptual analysis methodology. Health and impaired health terminology in both the Czech and English languages constitutes a complex nominal-adjectival system reflecting conceptual developments conditioned by institutional, historical and societal factors. The terminology exhibits codification tendencies, as well as partial manifestations of vagueness. Despite their shortcomings, health terminology, centred around a solitary term still lacking an unequivocal definition, and the rich classification-based terminology of impaired health constitute the basis of professional medical communication, undergoing continuous developments and endeavours for enhanced precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on dynamics of changes of several linguistic and text properties in diachronic development of Czech. Specifically, we analyze the proportion of identical word-forms (types), the average type length, text length, the proportion of hapax legomena, the moving average type-token ratio, and entropy. For the analysis, seven translations of the Gospel of Matthew from the 14th to the 21st century were used. The study reveals some differences in dynamics of changes of particular properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes a bird's eye view of how positive or negative sentiments in the news press about countries and nationality nouns seem to reflect the country's general income groups. The study focuses on the four income groups classified by the World Bank and their co-occurrence with positively and negatively classified adjectives from the Subjectivity Lexicon for Czech. A search in the journalistic subcorpus of the SYN series, release 8 of the Czech National Corpus, results in a time line covering three decades. Previous research on subjectivity has either focused on other parts of the Subjectivity Lexicon or on fewer adjectives from other languages. In this article, it is argued that the income groups are treated in descending order, i.e., the higher the income, the more positive the sentiment. Even when the most influential groups in the top and bottom are removed, the result holds. Discourse concerning global war and peace, and the security of different nations, is also detected as a result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work-in-progress paper presents a specialized language corpus UcebKo built from textbooks of Czech for foreigners. The corpus integrates three subcorpora (UcebKo-A2, UcebKo-B1, and UcebKo-B2) which allow research of Czech as a second/foreign language at chosen language levels (A2, B1, and B2). In this case, the research is focused on word-formation, where the first results, i.e., mapping of derived words denoting persons, illustrate the approach and methodology used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new interactive map-based web application named Mapka was published by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus in 2020. It aims to serve linguists, as well as schools and the general public, and it features various functions described in this paper. Mapka was designed as a supplement to the CNC spoken corpora, starting with the DIALEKT corpus (more to come in the future). Its main function is to display various types of territorial division (primarily in terms of dialect, but also administrative) and networks of localities associated with the corpus. The main dialect regions are provided with overviews of their typical dialectal features and two samples of dialectal discourse – one slightly historical and one contemporary. The application offers the possibility of searching for municipalities, plotting the points on the map and creating a custom map. The paper concludes with future prospects concerning an enhanced and improved version of the application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex adverbial prepositions with spatial meaning have not been sufficiently studied so far in Czech. To establish a set of these expressions in their actual usage, the resources of the Czech National Corpus were used in this study. The research has shown that the SYN2020 corpus is a relevant tool for searching for two-word expressions with a LOCATIVE ADVERB – SIMPLE PREPOSITION structure that have the same function as a one-word locative preposition. The article describes a method for the extraction of these expressions from the corpus, as well as a method for the collection of their quantitative data using corpus tools. As a result of the research, a list of expressions that are presumably complex prepositions is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution explores orthographical and linguistic differences within the gospels between the Melantrich Bible of 1570 and the Six-Volume Kralice Bible (the New Testament from the years 1593–1594). The Czech language and its orthographical rendering appear to be more stylized and unified in the Kralice Bible. The Melantrich Bible is less homogeneous and demonstrates more variation. It retains, on the one hand, more striking archaisms such as dual forms, the supine or genitive plurals in -v and, on the other hand, displays spoken features such as incongruent transgressives, analogical forms in pronouns and secondary lengths in verbal prefixes. The main merit of the Kralice Bible seems to lie in unifying and standardizing the Czech biblical language in the era of its paramount importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates between body and soul were a very widespread genre in Medieval Latin and vernacular literature. Three independent disputes were written in the Czech language in the fourteenth century. The first of these poems, composed at the earliest in the 1320s, is the most peculiar one in several senses. To the best of my knowledge, it is the only example within the European corpus where the body and soul debate is followed by an account of the soul’s judgement in the presence of the Virgin Mary and the four allegorical attributes of God (Justice, Truth, Mercy, Peace). Unfortunately, part of the judgment scene is seriously corrupted in the manuscript and the end of the poem is missing. With no other manuscript witness, it is of course difficult to draw any firm conclusions. The study argues, however, that the source of this scene was the so-called “Mascaron-redaction” of the Processus Sathanae where a similar compositional structure is found. The Virgin Mary’s involvement in the first Old Czech body and soul debate distinguishes this composition from most others in the genre. Indeed, while short invocations of Mary were inserted in some of these debates, in no other is her agency so powerful as to act in favour of the sinner’s soul against Jesus’ view (he points to the afflictions it caused him and does not show any mercy to it). Both Jesus and the soul seek refuge in Mary’s motherhood putting her in a difficult situation. Mary also makes reference to the physical bond which connects her to God, but does so in order to protect her “worshipper”, that is the soul, against the devils who claim it. Thus, the analysis of Virgin Mary’s agency shows a close similarity to miracle stories which were to manifest her supreme powers. As well as with other poems of this genre, the first old Czech body and soul debate is formulated in an eschatological sense as a memento mori. At the same time, however, the possibility of salvation is not situated within the power of either of the disputing party, but is instead relegated to the intercessory powers of the Virgin Mary whose ability to intercede supplies the absence of a sinner’s repentance. The poem is characterized by lyricism and an emphasis on emotionally charged speech. It could function then as an invitation for the public to identify with the sinner’s adoration of the Virgin Mary. We do not know in which milieu the poem was composed and for whom it was originally intended. The only extant copy (Prague, National Library, XVII A 18) dates from the end of the fourteenth or the beginning of the fifteenth century and was included in a codex aimed at a female audience. The present study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the literary and ideological connections of this poem with other genres of Medieval literature (especially miracle stories) and demonstrate that this motivic familiarity, as well as the emotional perspective linked with the vernacular language, were supposed to strengthen the Virgin Mary cult in Bohemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the potential of literary texts with the theme of Shoah in the field of forming the desired profile of citizens of a democratic society. After the introduction, we briefly focus on the anchoring of the Shoah in Czech curricular documents focusing on the educational field of Czech Language and Literature, then we deal with the possibilities of Literary Education in the presentation of Shoah events and then the importance of multilateral perspective on the Shoah and its educational and axiological potential. We demonstrate various multilateral views on the issue of the Shoah with artistic narratives in which one line of events of the Second World War is viewed from another or from different angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the reflection of the concept "honey" in the Czech language, in particular, it is viewed like a cognitive entity concept. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the notional component of this concept, based on the lexicographic studying of the dictionary definitions of its nominees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of encouraging love for one´s own language as an essential identifying sign of a nation is one of the significant subjects in the poetry of Bohuslav Tablic (1769– 1832), who did a lot to help stimulate the interest in the original language of the Slovak population as well as in its literary form. Although his literary language is usually superficially described as Czech, it is not accurate as he himself promoted the project of the common literary language for both Slovak and Czech language communities, where Czech and Slovak elements would be applied equally. The choice of his literary language was supported by the three-hundred-year-old tradition of Czech language (also in the Slovak environment), which he regarded as one of the proofs of its full develoment. The analyses of his poetry show that he considered it to be a suitable platform for reflecting on the problems in the society at that time including the issue of language. There are a number of poems in which he appealed to the Slovak society to realize the importance of the language for its life in the multilinguistic Habsburg monarchy. He often called for study of the national language, for its development and refinement mainly through its active use in literary production.

So-called folk linguistics, i.e. folk beliefs concerning language, may be a valuable source of information for various linguistic fields and for practical applications, e.g. in teaching practice. The author presents an analysis of folk linguistics as it can be reconstructed from Internet discussions by Czechspeaking women (especially mothers). The results show that the folk theory of language and its use is quite complex, with multiple connections to a scientific theory of language (probably acquired through school education) and with important evaluative features (including e.g. folk theories of correctness and errors). The author proposes a new Czech term (laická jazykověda) and suggests that the theory should be seen as dynamic (e.g. changing over time and during speakers’ lives) and structured (e.g. consisting of a centre and peripheries and containing several “layers” of shared sub-theories).

The paper discusses the typology of metalinguistic comments in the speech of representatives of the Slavic minority communities residing in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Using a corpus of examples from the Ukrainian, Polish, Slovene and Czech languages gathered during fieldwork carried out between 2016 and 2019, the authors show that the informants provide both contact elements and intralinguistic units with metalinguistic comments. Such comments reflect the complex ethnic and confessional composition of the area where the field research was conducted, providing information about the linguistic situation in the communities under scrutiny.

On Designations for an Illegitimate Child in Old Church Slavonic and in Czech This article is devoted to designations for an illegitimate child in Old Church Slavonic and in Czech. The study presents Czech expressions (especially dialectal), many of which have not as yet been mentioned in works dealing with this topic, and explains their semantic motivation and etymology. O nazwach nieślubnego dziecka w języku staro‑cerkiewno‑słowiańskim i czeskim Niniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony nazwom używanym na określenie dziecka z nieprawego łoża w języku staro‑cerkiewno‑słowiańskim i czeskim. Przedstawia nazwy czeskie (zwłaszcza formy dialektalne), z których wiele jak dotąd nie pojawiło się w pracach poświęconych tej tematyce, oraz wyjaśnia ich motywację semantyczną i etymologię.

The aim of the study was to translate the Intrapersonal Curiosity Scale (InC) into the Czech language and to verify its factor structure and psychometric properties on the sample of grammar school students in the Czech Republic. The Intrapersonal Curiosity Scale InC is a 12-item tool that measures the tendency to inquisitively explore own identity and inner experience in order to better understand own inner self. The sample consisted of 1020 participants, of which 353 (34.6%) were boys, 665 (65.2%) were girls, and two participants (0.2%) did not state their sex or age. The authors compared several considered models using CFA. The results suggest that the original theoretical model, which calculates the total InC score as the sum of three mutually correlated subscales EPI, ROP and UEM, is still uncertain in the Czech version verified on a group of adolescents. In the authors' opinion, the version with three factors with minor corrections fits to the data best of all compared models, although with a lack of evidence for the unidimensionality of the overall InC scale. In this model, verification of the weak invariance of the measurements was achieved when comparing girls and boys using MGCFA. Significant correlations of latent scores of EPI, ROP and UEM subscales with other assessed constructs were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Institute of Czech Language and Library Science of the Faculty of Philosophy and Science of the Silesian University in Opava in cooperation with the Department of Library and Information Science of the Faculty of Philosophy of Comenius University in Bratislava conducted a comparative research on the information behaviour of university students during pandemics and lockdowns. The Czech data collection was made possible by an internal student grant competition at Silesian University (SGS/2/2021) in the form of online questionnaires with open-ended questions with an emphasis on respondents' own self-reflection; data collection in Slovakia was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-19-0074). A comparison of the results shows that the experiences of students from different countries are very similar, despite the adapted method, the time distance and the different level of respondents' involvement, pointing mainly to the demands, limits, but also the open possibilities of online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Usage of the literary style is an important part of teaching and learning Czech as a native or foreign language. The literary style, or more exactly, the style of literature, drama and poetry, is an important way of that representing the culture at the basis of the taught language. In this paper, we provide a short outline of the problem of authenticity in textbooks of Czech as a foreign language. The aim of this article is to present some of the aspects of using authentic literary texts in modern communicative textbooks. The study is based on analysis of the textual content of contemporary teaching materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Switching the treatment with antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs is often necessary and must be carried out effectively to minimize unjustified treatment interruptions. For these reasons, we have decided to create a simple assistance software tool the SwitchApp application. This application can serve as an “evidence-based” guide to determine the duration of administration and the dosing of individual medicinal products when switching between them, and thus substantially assist psychiatrists when switching respective therapy. Material and methods: Data for the Switch App were obtained from public sources (summaries of product characteristics, scientific literature, guidelines). The most frequently used antipsychotics and antidepressants in the Czech Republic have been selected. A website was first created based on wireframes, assignments and provided documentation (using ASP.NET Core and Angular frames), which has been internally tested by a user. When the final version of the website was approved, a mobile application was developed for Android and iOS devices (using the Apache Cordova framework). Results: The web application has a very simple intuitive interface, which can be accessed on http://www.switchapp.cz/. The application for mobile phones can be downloaded and installed under the name SwitchApp (TME solutions s.r.o. – medicine) on the Google Play (Android) and App Store (iOS) platforms. Antipsychotics and antidepressants are selected from the scrolling lists in the left part of the screen and therapeutic doses are entered in the right part of the screen. After entering the required data (active substances are mandatory, the dose does not have to be entered) and clicking on the box “evaluate”, a clear dosing chart and a text description in case of antipsychotics and a text description in case of antidepressants are displayed. Conclusion: SwitchApp is the first and the only Web portal and a mobile application in the Czech language assisting physicians to plan a schedule when switching medicinal products. The application contains a clear guide offering physicians evidence-based recommendations for the gradual change of dosing of antipsychotics or antidepressants they are discontinuing or initiating. The validity of the outcomes is confirmed by the professional guarantee of the Psychiatric Society of the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyne. However, this is only a recommended proposal for the procedure when switching pharmacotherapy in such groups of patients, but the overall health status must always be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the language and style of major Czech and Czech-American periodicals published in the mid-19th century. Czech periodicals of the time are represented by the papers Pražský Posel and Národní Nowiny; the Czech- American ones include the weeklies Slowan Amerikánský and Národní Noviny. The language and style of both of these types of papers are analysed in order to identify the similarities and differences, with citations illustrating the phenomena explored. In this way, the research aims to show which aspects of the "stylistic norm" change first and most strikingly in a different language and national environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to discuss the existing educational mobile applications, which could be also exploited in learning English by elderly since these applications can bring them several benefits, such as the opportunity to connect with their loved ones or make an appointment with a doctor, and thus enable them to stay independent and socially inclusive. In addition, especially the educational mobile applications (apps) may help older people to fight against cognitive decline at a later age. The findings show that there is no mobile app for in learning English by seniors on the Czech market. However, there are four apps, which are used for learning English as a second language. These include: Duolingo, EWA: English, Mondly: Learn 33 languages, and LinGo: Play. The results indicate that the most relevant for learning English by seniors appears to be Duolingo because it has a very pleasant processing, all the content is reachable and orientation in the application is very easy. In addition, based on the findings, a possible application for learning English as a second language by older people should certainly meet the following aspects: have a minimalist design, avoid redundant and irrelevant content, have clear instructions on how to use the application, have simple and easy navigation in the application, and avoid complex controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article helps establish reliable baselines for document-level sentiment analysis in highly inflected languages like Czech and Slovak. We revisit an earlier study representing the first comprehensive formulation of such baselines in Czech and show that some of its reported results need to be significantly revised. More specifically, we show that its online product review dataset contained more than 18% of non-trivial duplicates, which incorrectly inflated its macro F1-measure results by more than 19 percentage points. We also establish that part-of-speech-related features have no damaging effect on machine learning algorithms (contrary to the claim made in the study) and rehabilitate the Chi-squared metric for feature selection as being on par with the best performing metrics such as Information Gain. We demonstrate that in feature selection experiments with Information Gain and Chi-squared metrics, the top 10% of ranked unigram and bigram features suffice for the best results regarding online product and movie reviews, while the top 5% of ranked unigram and bigram features are optimal for the Facebook dataset. Finally, we reiterate an important but often ignored warning by George Forman and Martin Scholz that different possible ways of averaging the F1-measure in cross-validation studies of highly unbalanced datasets can lead to results differing by more than 10 percentage points. This can invalidate the comparisons of F1-measure results across different studies if incompatible ways of averaging F1 are used.

This paper studies engagement in English-medium research articles across two disciplines, linguistics and economics, and two linguacultural backgrounds, Anglophone and Czech, in order to explore how disciplinary and linguacultural considerations affect the choice, frequency and distribution of engagement markers in the construal of persuasive academic discourse. The contrastive analysis applying Hyland & Jiang's (2016) modified model of engagement is carried on a corpus of 60 refereed research articles published in international and local academic journals within these disciplines and linguacultural backgrounds. The findings indicate the existence of cross-disciplinary variation, as authors of linguistics research articles employ significantly more engagement features than those of economics research articles. Moreover, linguistics research articles show a preference for proximity engagement markers aiming at enhancing disciplinary solidarity, while economics research articles tend to prioritize positioning engagement features directing readers towards intended understandings and anticipating alternative interpretations. Intercultural variation, which is less significant and affects the frequency of use and choice of specific engagement markers, reflects divergences in linguacultural conventions, target audiences and contexts of publication. These results indicate the potential of this doubly contrastive approach to contribute towards an understanding of rhetorical choices in academic discourse. The study can have important pedagogic applications in efforts to support academic writers. • Engagement in research articles is analysed across two disciplines and two cultures. • Engagement is more prominent in linguistics than in economics research articles. • Proximity is more salient in linguistics and positioning in economics articles. • Intercultural variation concerns the choice of specific engagement markers. • Variation in engagement is more significant across disciplines than across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Examination of the Czech Language is a milestone on the path to gaining permanent residence in the Czech Republic for many non-EU residents. In this paper, the Language Examination is regarded in its formal, contentual, and contextual aspects from an experience-based perspective. In the beginning, the topic of administration and language methodology regarding crucial points in preparation and processing of the Exam is emphasized. The requirements of Czech and European language policy (from which the Examination is derived) are mentioned, and specific attention is paid to the oral section of the Exam as assessing the most significant language skill - speaking. In a later section, the set of the statistical data of the Exam and its results are analyzed where research findings amplify these data. The results show some unfavorable outcomes among a highly variable success rate. Testing and evaluation of the Exam are framed in the linguistic and socio-cultural context, and the potential of the Exam specifically for the integration of the Vietnamese applicants behind the monitored data and processes is illustrated. The lack of systematic language learning was detected as the main limitation of integration and overall perception of the importance of the exam among these foreign residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the lexeme doktor in the dialects of the Czech language. In contrast to its use in literary language, the word has been analyzed in terms of phonetic variability, semantics and word formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of spelling and content of Czech inscriptions found on the headstones in Volhynia is a part of complex research in the language of Czech speakers settled in this region. The researchers gathered a corpus of 71 inscriptions of various size and contrasted them with a collection published by Česlav Chytrý; his vast database, however, could not be included in the analysis due to unreliable transcriptions and illegible writing on the pictures. The inscriptions show two scripts in use - Cyrillic and Latin. There were 52 instances of predominant Latin script, 16 instances of Cyrillic and 3 hybrid examples. The analysis of grammar and spelling revealed tendencies to non-standard linguistic patterns, e.g., variable vowel length, confusing i/y characters, confusing voiced and voiceless consonants, inaccurate graphemes, and the influence of Ukrainian. Out of 52 Czech inscriptions, only 17 did not contain any non-standard features. Apart from a brief commentary on design of inscriptions, the content analysis focused on personal details of the deceased, their family relations and characteristics which had been appreciated (for instance, the most frequent adjectives were dear, good, and beloved). Moreover, the research reflected on images of death and afterlife grounded in the Christian concepts of life, Purgatory and Heaven. The inscriptions written in verse had been taken mostly from folk poetry, depicting family's grief as well as their hope in an afterlife. Other criteria for analysis included presentation of biographical details which had used both Roman and Arabic numerals and had been influenced by practices typical for Ukrainian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this article is to highlight the strong pragmalinguistic potential of language as a means of communication in social work and the potential problems of Czech-Russian translation of terminology in this field. Using the material of Russian-Czech terminological equivalents covering the semantic field of “social work”, the author attempts, on the one hand, to illustrate some functions of language in the field under study, on the other hand, to point out a certain interlingual asymmetry in the terminological apparatus of Russian and Czech languages. Last but not least, the author focuses on the growing tendency towards the observance of the ethical principles and correctness of expression in the studied area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]