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Nivolumab is a recently approved medication for the treatment of unresectable malignant melanoma. Many immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with nivolumab have been reported, such as pneumonitis, hepatitis, dermatitis, and thyroiditis. Prednisolone can effectively treat irAEs. However, it is unclear how or if nivolumab should be administered to patients after they have experienced an irAE. Herein, we show 2 patients who underwent pneumonitis as irAE. Case 1 demonstrated a cryptogenic organizing pneumonia pattern in the CT scan and case 2 had a diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) pattern. Oral corticosteroids improved chest shadow of CT scan in both cases. However, when nivolumab was re-administrated, case 1 demonstrated no symptoms, but case 2 demonstrated pneumonia again. From our cases, it is difficult to re-administrate nivolumab for the patients with pneumonitis which shows a DAD pattern in CT, even if oral corticosteroids improve their symptoms.

A 49-year-old female patient developed chest tightness and shortness of breath without apparent cause and presented to a local hospital. Chest radiography indicated increased thickening of the lung texture, increased multiple patchy densities in the lower lobes of the bilateral lungs and a slightly enlarged thyroid. The patient was treated for pulmonary infection with antibiotics but the symptoms persisted. A repeated CT scan revealed ground-glass attenuation of the bilateral lungs with multiple flaky exudates and visible bronchogenic signs. The symptoms did not improve after broadening anti-microbial coverage. Bronchoscopy and biopsy confirmed cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). Thyroid ultrasound and thyroid function tests jointly confirmed the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). After receiving corticosteroid treatment, the patient's condition improved and she was discharged. This case demonstrates that COP may present in combination with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and may possibly even be caused by HT. Early confirmation of diagnosis and treatment will help to improve the prognosis of such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) especially graft versus host disease (GVHD) are serious events and the keys to success of HSCT. Pathological diagnosis of complications is critical but sometimes not definite in GVHD diagnosis. In this review, we focus on the role of macrophages in HSCT complications. In the early period after HSCT, residual recipient macrophages have important roles for engraftment and rejection. Hemophagocytosis is the main feature of activated recipient macrophages. Skin lesions after HSCT are usually skin GVHD but mimicking histology of interface dermatitis is hardly differentiated. Macrophages and lymphocytes of these lesions were studied and increased numbers of macrophages were significantly associated with overall survival of HSCT. It could be suggested macrophages were good predictive markers for skin GVHD‐like lesions. Intestinal type transplantation‐associated microangiopathy (i‐TAM) is an independent pathogenesis from GVHD with serious prognosis. Activated macrophages in these lesions are important and key to the pathogenesis of i‐TAM. These activated macrophages are predominantly residual recipient tissue‐resident macrophages. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis is a lung complication around day 100 after HSCT caused by activated alveolar macrophages. They are donor‐derived tissue‐resident macrophages. Residual recipient and donor‐derived macrophages work in different ways in HSCT complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was first described in 1967 by Ashbaugh and colleagues. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a clinical syndrome, not a disease, and has no ideal definition or gold standard diagnostic test. There are multiple causes and different pathways of pathogenesis as well as various histological findings. Given these variations, there are many clinical entities that can get confused with ARDS. These entities are discussed in this article as "Mimics of ARDS." It imperative to correctly identify ARDS and distinguish it from other diseases to implement correct management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jornal de Pediatria is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP) can manifest like a collagen disorder or infectious diseases, or be caused by drug induced toxicity. This paper presents the case of a 24 year-old man diagnosed with classic seminoma, treated with chemotherapy scheme that included bleomycin (accumulated dose, 120 units). The patient was admitted at the hospital due to rapidly-progressing dyspnea and thoracic pain. The diagnostic approach revealed the presence of a spontaneous pneumothorax, while a lung biopsy documented COP. Despite treatment, the patient died from disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) typically presents with bleeding due to immunologic thrombocytopenia. Severe hemorrhage due to ITP is sometimes lethal, and the urgent recovery of platelets is necessary. In addition to conventional therapeutic strategies, romiplostim shows promising efficacy for chronic ITP. However, there is little evidence for the utilization of this treatment for acute ITP or acute exacerbation of chronic ITP. We report the case details of three elderly ITP patients presenting with lethal diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. These patients had the following underlying pulmonary diseases: case 1, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection and sarcoidosis; case 2, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia; case 3, pulmonary emphysema. These patients recovered following treatment with romiplostim at a higher dose (10 μg/kg), in addition to conventional therapies including corticosteroids and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. In summary, the addition of romiplostim resulted in earlier recovery of thrombocytopenia than has been previously reported. Our three cases suggest that early romiplostim at a higher dose could be an efficacious therapeutic option for acute ITP patients with severe lethal bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by frequent recurrence. Few studies have examined onset and recurrence patterns of COP after HSCT. We investigated the clinical features of COP after HSCT in a single-center retrospective study including 165 consecutive patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT. Eighteen patients (11%) developed COP after HSCT. Hypoxemia and pleural effusion at the onset of COP were significantly associated with umbilical cord blood transplantation (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). Recurrence of COP was observed in six patients and significantly associated with the presence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD; P = 0.013) and stem cell sources other than umbilical cord blood (P = 0.038). Four patients with COP died of pulmonary failure after recurrence of COP. No patients who underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation experienced recurrence of COP. These findings suggest that the clinical features at the onset of COP may depend on stem cell sources. Moreover, both stem cell source and the absence or presence of cGVHD may affect COP recurrence, indicating the need to develop treatment strategies against COP according to stem cell source and risk of cGVHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Non-indigenous species (NIS) are prominent constituents of fouling communities. NIS can cause biodiversity loss and change community structure through the local elimination of native species. Ports are the main focus of NIS and artificial structures are becoming spots of introduction. Community composition can vary with depth and time. In this context, this work aimed to assess substrate (concrete and wood), vertical position (near-surface and near-bottom) and month variations on the abundance of fouling invertebrates' assemblages represented by native, NIS and cryptogenic species within the Mar del Plata port, Argentina. Monthly subtidal samples were taken scraping from fouling assemblages on substrates and vertical position in the port. Assemblages on substrate, depth and time showed similar species composition patterns. Native, NIS and cryptogenic species vary in mean abundances on each substrate, depth and month. Diversity indices on concrete and on near-bottom revealed higher values. High species specific response of NIS (compared to native), found in this study along the temporal fluctuations in fouling communities was registered. A long term monitoring and future studies might consider including more substrates type and an intermediate depth, since they will provide better knowledge about the fouling invasions. Highlights • Fouling assemblages of native, NIS and cryptogenic species on substrates, depths and time were assessed. • Assemblages on substrate, depth and time showed similar species composition patterns. • High species specific response of NIS (compared to native) across time in communities was registered. • Future studies should include more substrates type and intermediate depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Relapse of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) may lead to poor long-term prognosis and necessitates multiple rounds of steroid treatment with potential adverse effects. The objective of this study is to identify predictive factors of COP relapse by comparing demographic and clinical variables between relapse and non-relapse groups.Methods: During 2008-2013, 33 COP patients were treated, of which 23 (69.7%) and 10 patients (30.3%) were assigned to the non-relapse and relapse group, respectively. From medical records, we compared the following variables at initial episode: clinical characteristics, serum parameters, chest CT scan findings, and steroid treatment.Results: Clinical characteristics, cumulative prednisone dose, and steroid treatment duration were similar between groups. In univariate analysis, alternatively, the proportion of patients with bilateral shadow pattern, traction bronchiectasis, and partial remission after steroid treatment was significantly higher in the relapse group. These differences were not significant by multivariate Cox regression analysis.Conclusions: We identified radiographic findings, such as bilateral shadow pattern, traction bronchiectasis, and partial remission, may have possibility of predictive factors for COP relapse. Larger-scale studies are required to confirm if any are independent predictors of COP relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences / Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is characterized by good response to corticosteroids, but frequent relapses after reduction or cessation of treatment are noted. The incidence, risk factors of relapse, and longterm outcomes of patients with COP remain undetermined. Patients with COP from September 2010 to December 2017 were enrolled. Hospital and office records were used as data sources. Clinical information, lab examinations, chest radiographs, treatment courses, and follow-up data were collected. Relapse group was defined as worsening of clinical manifestations in combination with progression of radiographic abnormalities in the absence of identified causes. Eighty-seven patients with COP were enrolled. Of them, 73 patients were treated with corticosteroids with relapse rate yielding 31.5% (23 of 73). Eleven patients were treated with macrolides and none of them relapsed. Fever was more common (65.2% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.004), C-reactive protein (CRP) was higher (31.5±39.4 mg/L vs. 17.5±32.2 mg/L, p = 0.038), and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) % predicted was lower (45.9 ± 14.2% vs. 57.6 ± 18.5%, p = 0.050) in relapse group compared to nonrelapse group. Four patients who presented with organizing pneumonia (OP) as the first manifestation were ultimately diagnosed with OP secondary to autoimmune disease in follow-up. We showed relapse was common in COP patients treated with corticosteroids, but the prognosis was favorable. Fever, elevated CRP, and a reduced DLCO were related to relapse. As OP may not always be cryptogenic, a careful follow-up should be programmed to diagnose the underlying systemic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary TB may present insidiously and ambiguously, leaving clinicians with a diagnostic dilemma. A 30-year-old lady with underlying spinocerebellar ataxia presented with progressive shortness of breath, prolonged cough with whitish sputum, loss of appetite and weight loss of 1-year duration. Physical examination showed a cachectic, tachypnoeic female with finger clubbing and coarse crepitations on lung auscultation. Chest radiograph showed bilateral air space opacities relatively sparing the upper zone. Contrast-enhanced CT thorax revealed bilateral cavitary necrotising consolidations, multiple scattered lung nodules with surrounding ground-glass opacities. After exclusion of alternative diagnoses, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia diagnosis was made. She had a rapid clinic improvement once steroid was started. TB polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from bronchoscopic bronchial washing eventually was positive. Anti-TB treatment was started, and oral steroid was slowly tapered down. Organizing pneumonia (OP) may complicate pulmonary TB. Diagnosing OP without lung biopsy requires a multi-disciplinary approach, taking into consideration all available evidences. Early steroid therapy is lifesaving and should be considered after thorough exclusion of alternative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kuthan Kavakli,1 Nesrin Ocal,2 Deniz Dogan,2 Ali Fuat Cicek,3 Hakan Isik,1 Sedat Gurkok1 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2Department of Chest Diseases, 3Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey Background: Organizing pneumonia (OP) can be idiopathic or secondary to some clinical situations. If an etiological cause is not present, this phenomenon is called cryptogenic OP. Secondary OP is associated with various diseases that are known to induce the OP.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of the cases with OP and compare the patients diagnosed by bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy with patients diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy.Patients and methods: Medical records of 41 patients diagnosed with OP between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively.Results: Totally, 41 patients with OP were identified. In all, 39.02% of the cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopic methods, and 60.97% of the cases were diagnosed by surgical procedures. Although the frequency of ground glass opacities, consolidations, and micronodules was higher in the group diagnosed by bronchoscopy, mass-like lesions were more common in the cases diagnosed by surgery. Bronchoscopy, performed in 30 patients totally, had a diagnostic efficacy of 53.33%. Diagnostic value of bronchoscopy was significantly higher in cryptogenic OPs. Although diffuse radiological pattern was more common in “successful bronchoscopy” group, frequency of focal pattern was higher in “failed bronchoscopy” group. Ground glass opacity in successful bronchoscopy group and mass-like lesions in failed bronchoscopy group reached significant differences.Conclusion: There were significant differences between the diagnostic procedures in terms of radiological patterns. This is the first study about the relationship between the diagnostic methods and the characteristics of OP. Keywords: cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, secondary organizing pneumonia, clinical feature, diagnostic procedure

We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with progressive respiratory symptoms and imaging demonstrating multiple opacities in the right lung with hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy suggestive of multifocal adenocarcinoma. Subsequent biopsies were consistent with focal changes of organising pneumonia (OP) and no evidence of malignancy. She was treated with steroids for cryptogenic OP with limited response. There was clinical and radiological progression with new lung nodules, mediastinal and thoracic spinal canal infiltration. There was ongoing concern that clinical findings represented disseminated malignancy. Following further investigation and multidisciplinary respiratory and rheumatology review, a diagnosis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) -- granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) was confirmed. The case highlighted the multisystem nature of GPA with unusual dural and large vessel aortic and pulmonary trunk involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors present a case of a 71-year-old Japanese male who was presented due to worsening dyspnea and abnormal chest radiograph findings to discuss immune-checkpoint kinetics for T cells in anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) positive interstitial lung disease in patients with dermatomyositis. He was treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy, oral prednisolone and tacrolimus.

To evaluate the radiological findings in patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) before steroid treatment and their behavior after therapy, we retrospectively evaluated a total of 22 patients with a diagnosis of COP made by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), biopsy or clinical/radiological features, and the patients were followed between 2014 and 2018 at the hospital; the demographic data, symptoms, radiologic findings, diagnostic methods and treatment plans of patients were collected from patients’ hospital records. At least two CT scans of 22 patients (16 female and six men) were evaluated, the first one before starting steroid therapy and the others after therapy. At baseline CT scans, the most common radiological finding was the presence of consolidations (18/22 patients, 81.8%); ground-glass opacities were also very common (15/25, 68.1%). The other findings were as follows: nodules and masses (5/22, 22.7%), atoll sign (4/22, 18.1%), perilobular pattern (3/22, 13.6%) and parenchymal bands (3/22, 13.6%). Two patients had a significant relapse after reducing/interrupting therapy, while three had a complete resolution and are not currently under therapy (maintenance of clinical remission with no oral corticosteroid (OCS)). In High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans after therapy, consolidations were still observable in seven patients (five in new areas of the lung-migratory infiltrates), while most of them disappeared, leaving a residual area of ground glass opacity in two patients. One patient had a residual of the perilobular pattern, with the disappearing of the other findings (consolidations and ground-glass opacities). Two patients developed a fibrosing pattern despite the therapy (9.5%). Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia tends to respond to oral corticosteroid treatment, but some patients may have a null or partial response. We highlight the behavior of this disease after proper therapy.

We report the case of an 18-month-old infant with severe serotype 3 adenovirus pneumonia, exceptionally associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. Treatment included cidofovir and mechanical ventilation for 13 days. The child developed chronic respiratory insufficiency due to bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Pediatric Lung Transplant. Topics include Community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infections have been associated with acute rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and death from BOS in adult lung transplant recipients; Clinical Trial in Organ Transplant in Children, the first prospective, longitudinal study of pediatric LTRs, CARV infections increase the risk of meeting a compositen endpoint of BOS, obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), death, or retransplant.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-associated bronchioloalveolar disorders (HABAs) are pulmonary disorders with various interstitial lung disease patterns that often occur in HTLV-1 carriers. Among HABAs, organizing pneumonia (OP) is extremely rare. We present a case of an 82-year-old woman with OP as a HABA. This patient responded to corticosteroid therapy; however, the patient required the continuation of oral corticosteroid therapy to avoid OP relapse. In cases of OP as a HABA that are not stabilized by treatment with corticosteroids, continuation of oral corticosteroid therapy might be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In connective tissue diseases, autoantibodies cause pulmonary interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and patients require treatment with an immunosuppressive agent such as a steroid. Dermatomyositis is an incurable, uncommon form of connective tissue disease that occasionally causes diffuse pulmonary inflammation leading to acute severe respiratory failure. In such cases, the prognosis is very poor despite treatment with high-dose steroid. In the present case, a 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea. He was diagnosed with dermatomyositis combined with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) with respiratory failure and underwent treatment with steroid and an immunosuppressive agent, but the COP was not improved. However, the respiratory failure did improve after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, which therefore can be considered a treatment option in cases where steroids and immunosuppressive agents are ineffective.

The effectiveness of corticosteroids (GCs) varies greatly in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). In this study, we aimed to compare the gene expression profiles of patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and identify the molecules and pathways responsible for GCs sensitivity in ILDs. Three datasets (GSE21411, GSE47460, and GSE32537) were selected. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among COP, IPF, NSIP, and healthy control (CTRL) groups were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed to examine the potential functions of DEGs. There were 128 DEGs when COP versus CTRL, 257 DEGs when IPF versus CTRL, 205 DEGs when NSIP versus CTRL, and 270 DEGs when COP versus IPF. The DEGs in different ILDs groups were mainly enriched in the inflammatory response. Further pathway analysis showed that "interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway" (hsa04657) and "tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway" were associated with different types of ILDs. A total of 10 genes associated with inflammatory response were identified as hub genes and their expression levels in the IPF group were higher than those in the COP group. Finally, we identified two GCs' response-related differently expressed genes (FOSL1 and DDIT4). Our bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the inflammatory response played a pathogenic role in the progression of ILDs. We also illustrated that the inflammatory reaction was more severe in the IPF group compared to the COP group and identified two GCs' response-related differently expressed genes (FOSL1 and DDIT4) in ILDs., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Abstract Background Up to half the patients with cryptogenic stroke under the age of 55 years have been found to have a PFO. Observational studies have demonstrated a benefit from closure of PFO and several RCTs have shown a trend toward benefit. The cost and clinical effectiveness of PFO closure is unclear. Methods and results We searched for RCTs of PFO closure in patients with cryptogenic stroke and performed a detailed cost analysis and meta-analysis of treatment outcomes based on the results of the meta-analysis. Five RCTs containing 3404 patients with cryptogenic stroke were included. Of these 1829 underwent PFO closure and 1611 received medical therapy. Mean follow-up was 4.0 years. PFO closure achieved cost effectiveness (<$50,000/Quality-adjusted life-year gained) 2.7 years (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.2–3.4) after closure. The incremental cost to prevent one combined end point (CEP, combined transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, and death) by PFO closure was $535,655(95% CI $458,329–$642,674). After 55.4 years (95%CI 51.1–60.5) of follow-up, the per patient total cost of medical therapy exceeded that of PFO closure. PFO closure demonstrated clinical efficacy with a decreased risk of CEP (pooled hazard ratio (HR = 0.43(95%CI 0.27–0.59))) and a decreased risk of stroke (HR = 0.29(95%CI 0.02–0.57)). Conclusions In comparison to medical therapy alone, PFO closure appears to be cost-effective and clinically efficacious. Highlights • The cost and clinical effectiveness of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in cryptogenic stroke is unclear. • This detailed cost analysis of five randomized controlled trials (RCT) of PFO closure shows PFO closure to achieve cost effectiveness (<$50,000/Quality-adjusted life-year gained) 2.7 years after closure. • This meta-analysis of five RCTs demonstrates the clinical efficacy PFO closure with decreased risk of stroke and combined transient ischemic attack, stroke and death. • PFO closure appears to be cost-effective and clinically efficacious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is common in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies. Although the spectrum of illness caused by CMV is well-documented in immunocompromised patients, the clinical course and evolution of lung changes after initiation of antiviral therapy remain unclear. Case Report: We present the cases of 3 patients with leukemia who developed CMV pneumonia following cord blood transplantation and who presented with distinctive features on chest computed tomography (CT). In all patients, chest CT showed central peribronchial changes with severe lung volume loss. Furthermore, the patients were refractory to high-dose steroids, and the lung volume loss rapidly progressed, leading to death from respiratory failure. Conclusions: We observed central peribronchial changes with severe lung volume loss after the acute phase in 3 cases of CMV pneumonia. While our diagnosis was made on the basis of exclusion, it is important to bear in mind that lung involvement in CMV pneumonia may be refractory to various treatment modalities and can lead to a fatal clinical course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Incidence of BOS after reduced-intensity conditioning. • Mild small airway disease before transplantation predicts bronchiolitis obliterans. • Pulmonary cause of death is linked to pretransplantation severe small airway disease. • Mixed lung disease after transplantation is associated with non-relapse mortality Abstract Lung function deterioration contributes to treatment-related morbidity and mortality in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Better understanding of impaired lung function including bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) as chronic manifestation of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) might improve outcomes of patients after allo-HCT. To detect early pulmonary function test abnormalities associated with BOS incidence and outcome after allo-HCT, we performed a retrospective analysis of homogenous-treated 445 patients (median age, 61.9 years; range, 19 to 76 years) with a reduced intensity/toxicity conditioning protocol. The cumulative incidence of BOS was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6 to 6.4) at 1 year and 8.6% (95% CI, 6.3 to 11.6) at 5 years after allo-HCT with a median follow-up of 43.2 months (range, 3.3 to 209 months). In multivariate analysis, pre-existence of moderate small airway disease reflected by decreased midexpiratory flows before allo-HCT was associated with increased risk for BOS development. In addition, severe small airway disease before allo-HCT and combined restrictive/obstructive lung disease at day +100 after allo-HCT were associated with higher risk for nonrelapse mortality (NRM) due mainly to pulmonary cause of death. In summary, we identified novel pulmonary function test abnormalities prior and after allo-HCT associated with BOS development and NRM. These findings might help to identify a risk population and result in personalized GVHD prophylaxis and preventive or early therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Organizing pneumonia is an important disease that is associated with non-specific clinical findings and radiographic appearance. Our aim was to examine the clinical and radiological features, laboratory findings, diagnostic approach, and response to therapy in subjects with cryptogenic (COP) and secondary organizing pneumonia (SOP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients' medical records were retrospectively reviewed between 2010 and 2016 in our hospital. We analyzed the symptoms, radiological features, pulmonary function tests, laboratory data, bronchoalveolar lavage findings, treatment, and prognosis. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were diagnosed with COP and 19 patients with SOP The most common causes of SOP were determined as rheumatologic diseases. The most common symptoms were cough (71.4%) and dyspnea (66.1%). Bilateral symmetrical consolidations were the most prominent radiological appearance in both COP and SOP The general radiographic findings were not different in COP and SOF. However, pulmonary lesions were located rather in the central (p=0.023) and middle (p=0.001) zones in patients with SOF. Corticosteroid (CS) therapy was administered to 34 (60.7%) patients. Two patients showed deterioration despite CS therapy. CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiographic findings, treatment response, prognosis were similar in patients with COP and SOP [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]