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Disgust is a strong emotion of aversion. In the context of food, it is often referred to as a guardian of the mouth, preventing close contact with pathogens and the accidental consumption of poisons. However, disgust can also create a certain level of attraction and be part of positive experiences, even in the context of food. In this article, we discuss different ways of using disgust to influence eating behaviour and contribute to healthier food consumption. We outline ten different bridging concepts accompanied by various design exemplars on how to use disgust in the context of critical food design. In addition, we present four different lenses that can help to refine the design concepts.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new strain of coronavirus that spreads primarily by close contact. Although Nigeria adopted lockdown measures, no defined strategies were used in setting the distance threshold for these lockdowns. Hence, understanding the drivers of COVID-19 is pivotal to an informed decision for containment measures in the absence of vaccines. Spatial and temporal analyses are crucial drivers to apprehending the pattern of diseases over space and time. Thus, this study aimed to quantify the significance of distance to the temporal dynamics of COVID-19 cases in Nigeria using the Geographic Information System. Incremental spatial autocorrelation was used to analyze datasets of each month in ArcGIS. March, April, May, and June exhibited patterns with no significant peaks, while July and August exhibited patterns with two statistically significant peaks. The first and second peaks of July were 301,338.39 and 365,947.83 meters, respectively, while August was 301,338.39 and 336,128.09 meters, respectively. Therefore, a significant difference in the clustering of COVID-19 over distances between July and August was established. This indicated that progression in the spread of the virus increased the virus's spatial coverage while the distance of risk of exposure decreased. This study's findings could be utilized to establish maximum movement restriction areas to contain the spread of COVID-19. Keywords: Distance; Incremental spatial autocorrelation; Covid-19; Disease; Nigeria Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

Background: During clinical training, medical students may have close contact with COVID-19-infected patients. Lack of proper knowledge about COVID-19 dynamics and prevention makes them more liable to infection. Objective: To evaluate the level of awareness, precautionary behavior, and risk perception regarding COVID-19 and identify the factors motivating and hindering medical students to take preventive measures. Methods: A cross-sectional research study was conducted using an online questionnaire of medical students at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt between June 1 and June 30, 2020. The questionnaire design was based on a literature review mainly on the domains of the standard risk perception questionnaire. Results: A total of 351 medical students (mean age of 21 ± 2 years) completed the questionnaire. Over 94% had a high level of knowledge, 96.9% scored at high level of practicing precautionary behavior, and 86.1% had a high level of risk perception. Precautionary behavior practices had significant negative correlation with the knowledge scores associated with COVID-19 and a significant positive correlation with risk perception score. There was a significant association between the precautionary behavior performance and risk perception levels (odds ratio = 4.14). Conclusion: Most medical students showed a high degree of COVID-19-related awareness, precautionary behavior, and perception of risk. Recommendations: There were students who did not practice or that showed a low risk perception as well as reported hindering factors for not practicing precautionary behaviors. Therefore, intensification of health education sessions to support adherence to precautionary measures is still required.

Infants evolved in the context of close contact (including co-sleeping). Evolutionary context is rarely considered in psychological infant sleep research, and Western sleep researchers make assumptions about what optimal "normal" infant sleep is and how to achieve early, deep, infant sleep consolidation and avoid infant sleep problems. However, an evolutionary and anthropological view of infant sleep as species-typical recognizes that human evolution likely prepared the infant brain for optimal development within its evolutionary context - co-sleeping. Thus, "normal" infant sleep, sleep consolidation, and sleep problems should all be understood within the framework of co-sleeping infants, not the historically new-phenomenon of solitary-sleeping infants. Much work needs to be done in order to understand "normal" infant sleep as species-typical and how adaptive infants are to environments that stray from their evolutionary norm.

BACKGROUND: In their practice, health-care professionals are at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, which is particularly high for dentists, hygienists, dental assistants, and dental technicians due to close contact with patients and exposure to biological fluids and aerosol/droplets during dental procedures AIM: The purpose of this study is to survey the opinion of dentists and dental technicians about the impact of the state of emergency in Bulgaria related to the COVID-19 epidemic on their practices MATERIALS AND METHODS: A specially developed web-based survey conducted among 49 dentists and dental technicians was used The results were processed with SPSS v 18 at significance level of p < 0 05 RESULTS: A group of 49 dentists and dental technicians were included in the survey Оf them (20 41 ± 5 76) reported that they did not work at all during the state of emergency Relatively, a large number of dentists (81 82 ± 8 22) respond that they have completely changed their patient care protocols The result is similar for dental technicians (77 77 ± 8 00) More than half of the dentists (59 09 ± 10 48) respond that they specifically disinfect the dental impressions, and of the dental technicians (29 63 ± 8 78) say that they insist on this All of the respondents share that they use special protective equipment in their practices CONCLUSION: Although significant progress has been made in controlling COVID-19 and dental clinics and practices are gradually resuming routine patient care, the prevention and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission during dental procedures remains a serious challenge © 2021 Tanya Bozhkova, Nina Musurlieva

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G-protein-coupled receptor-regulated cAMP production from endosomes can specify signaling to the nucleus by moving the source of cAMP without changing its overall amount. How this is possible remains unknown because cAMP gradients dissipate over the nanoscale, whereas endosomes typically localize micrometers from the nucleus. We show that the key location-dependent step for endosome-encoded transcriptional control is nuclear entry of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunits. These are sourced from punctate accumulations of PKA holoenzyme that are densely distributed in the cytoplasm and titrated by global cAMP into a discrete metastable state, in which catalytic subunits are bound but dynamically exchange. Mobile endosomes containing activated receptors collide with the metastable PKA puncta and pause in close contact. We propose that these properties enable cytoplasmic PKA to act collectively like a semiconductor, converting nanoscale cAMP gradients generated from endosomes into microscale elevations of free catalytic subunits to direct downstream signaling.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused immeasurable loss to the world. The highly contagious virus poses a challenging risk to public health, especially medical doctors, who are in close contact with patients. Thus, robots can help reduce the risk of medical professionals conducting massive testing with throat swabs. Soft robots, fabricated with compliant materials, allow for low-cost development and safe interaction with humans and show promising potentiality in testing.

Penyakit demam berdarah merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Kota Medan yang cenderung menimbulkan kekhawatiran masyarakat karena perjalanan penyakitnya cepat dan dapat menyebabkan kematian dalam waktu yang singkat. Penyakit demam berdarah adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue. Virus ini ditularkan melalui vector nyamuk. Pendekatan pemberantasan demam berdarah yang berwawasan kepedulian masyarakat merupakan salah satu alternatif pendekatan baru dalam rangka pengendalian penyebaran penyakit ini. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan penjelasan kepada pelajar-pelajar yang diharapkan dapat menjadi agent of change di lingkungannya dalam pemberantasan penyakit DBD ini. Metode kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penyuluah, tanya jawab dan games. Kegiatan ini dinilai cukup berhasil. Indikator keberhasilannya adalah berdasarkan antusiasme peserta untuk bertanya dan feedback dari peserta yang menyatakan penyuluhan ini dinilai menarik dan bermanfaat. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah melalui keilmuan yang dimiliki dapat digunakan untuk membantu memberikan pemahaman mengenai penyakit-penyakit kepada masyarakat, yang pada akhirnya dapat mendorong partisipasi masyarakat dalam pencegahan penularan dan pertambahan kasus-kasus penyakit tertentu di masyarakat Abstract Dengue fever is one of the health problems in Medan City which tends to cause public concern because the disease progresses quickly and can cause death in a short time. Dengue fever is a disease caused by the dengue virus. This virus is transmitted by mosquito vectors. The approach to eradicating dengue fever with a public concern is an alternative to a new approach to control the spread of this disease. The purpose of this activity is to provide explanations to students who are expected to become agents of change in their environment in eradicating this dengue disease. This activity method was carried out in the form of counseling, question and answer and games. This activity was considered quite successful. The success indicator was based on the enthusiasm of the participants to asked questions and feedback from the participants who stated that this counseling was considered interesting and useful. The conclusion of this activity was that through the knowledge that is owned it can be used to help provide an understanding of diseases to the community, which in turn can encourage community participation in preventing the transmission of certain diseases in the community.

This study examines the policies of the Lamongan Regency government in preventing and overcoming the Covid-19 outbreak. Lamongan Regency Regulation No. 35 of 2020 concerning the prevention and control of Corona Virus 2019 in transition to recovery is one of the policies issued by the Lamongan Regency Government. This research aims to implement prevention and recovery policies in overcoming the Covid-19 outbreak in Lamongan Regency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The use of a qualitative approach in this research is descriptive analysis, the researcher wants to describe the policy of controlling and preventing Covid-19 in the transition to recovery in Lamongan Regency This research uses data sources from scientific journals, literature books, official websites which then come from descriptive analysis of prevention policies, and recovery in the response to the Covid-19 outbreak in Lamongan Regency. The results of the study explained that the prevention and control of the Corona Diease 2019 Virus in the transition to recovery in Lamongan Regency was the formation of a Covid-19 accelerated handling task force to accelerate the handling of Covid-19, the availability of health facilities and infrastructure for the Covid-19 test, quarantine or isolation areas, as well as massive close contact tracing. Prohibition of traveling without masks, guaranteeing goods vehicle activities and business operations (shops). The involvement of various parties has greatly helped government programs in overcoming Covid-19, such as the village head, community leaders and the interaction of the TNI and Polri which greatly helped create security and order during the prevention and recovery of Covid-19 countermeasures in Lamongan Regency.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:22:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Aim: To evaluate the modifications and possible perforations of the sinus mucosa lining graft particles and implant surfaces after sinus lifting. Material and methods: Twelve New Zealand rabbits underwent a bilateral sinus lifting using either autogenous bone harvested from the tibia (AB; autogenous bone group) or deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM group) as filler. Implants were simultaneously installed. Thinned sites (

A new respiratory tract infection caused by coronaviruses was identified in 2019 and called Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) It has long been known that pregnant women are not more susceptible to viral illness However, changes to their immune system in pregnancy can be associated with more severe symptoms Pregnant women do not seem to be at higher risk than non-pregnant individuals of severe COVID-19 infection There are currently no data suggesting an increased risk of miscarriage or malformations in relation to coronaviruses There is no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19 Therapeutic options for patients with confirmed COVID-19 have been recently updated as hydroxychloroquine and/or azithromycin, and favipiravir for severe pneumonia According to updated national treatment guidelines for COVID-19, favipiravir is not recommended for use in pregnant or breastfeeding women, but lopinavir/ritonavir can be used as second-line therapy Published experience with COVID-19 during breastfeeding is limited The main risk of breastfeeding is the close contact between mother and baby This paper presents a literature review regarding outcomes after use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and lopinavir/ritonavir during pregnancy and lactation Hydroxychloroquine and/or azithromycin use is not expected to increase the risk of birth defects and adverse effects in breastfed infants Based on reports of human immunodeficiency virus- infected women, lopinavir/ritonavir use does not appear to increase the risk of adverse effects, and it may be chosen in life-threatening situations It is important to pay special attention to the selection of drugs for COVID-19 and utilize the most up-to-date information to optimize outcomes for both infant and mother (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] 2019 yilinda koronaviruslerin yol actigi yeni tip bir viral solunum yolu enfeksiyonu tanimlanmis ve bu enfeksiyon Koronavirus hastaligi-19 (COVID-19) olarak isimlendirilmistir Gebe kadinlarin viral hastaliklara daha yatkin olmadiklari uzun zamandir bilinmektedir Ancak gebelikte bagisiklik sisteminde meydana gelen degisiklikler, gebelerin bu hastaliklari daha agir bulgularla gecirmelerine neden olabilir Agir COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geciren gebe olmayan kadinlarla karsilastirildiklarinda gebe kadinlar, daha fazla risk altinda gozukmemektedirler Bugun icin koronaviruslerin dusuk, erken gebelik kaybi veya dogumsal defektlerle bir iliskisi olduguna dair kanit yoktur COVID-19'un spesifik antiviral bir tedavisi bulunmamaktadir COVID-19 tanisi almis hastalarda tedavi secenekleri son olarak, hidrosiklorokin ve/veya azitromisin, agir pnomoni olgularinda favipiravir olarak guncellenmistir Guncellenmis COVID-19 ulusal tedavi kilavuzuna gore, favipiravirin gebelerde ve emziren annelerde kullanimi onerilmemektedir Lopinavir/ritonavir alternatif ya da kombine tedavi olarak diger ilaclara yanit vermeyen gebelerde tercih edilebilir Emzirme doneminde COVID-19 ile ilgili yayinlanmis veriler sinirlidir Emzirmede esas risk, damlacik yoluyla hastaligi bulastirabilecek anne ile bebegin yakin temasidir COVID-19 tedavisinde kullanilacak ilaclar, fetus ve yenidogana olasi advers etkileri acisindan dikkatle degerlendirilmelidir Bu derleme gebelikte ve emzirme doneminde hidroksiklorokin, azitromisin ve lopinavir/ritonavir kullanimina ait literatur bilgisini sunmaktadir Gebelikte ve emzirme doneminde hidroksiklorokin ve azitromisin kullaniminin dogumsal kusur riskini artirmasi ya da yenidoganda advers etkiye yol acmasi beklenmemektedir Lopinavir/ritonavir tedavisi ile ilgili bilgilerimiz insan bagisiklik yetmezligi virusu enfeksiyonu olan gebelere ait olmakla birlikte anne sagligini tehdit eden durumlarda hem gebelikte hem emzirme doneminde bu ilaclar kullanilabilir Gebe veya emziren kadinlarda COVID-19 enfeksiyonunu degerlendirmek zor olabilmekle birlikte ilac secimi konusunda ozellikle dikkatli olunmali ve hem anne hem bebek acisindan ideal sonuclar icin en guncel bilgiler kullanilmalidir (Turkish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Bezmialem Science is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic LTD STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )

For the better out come of the fixed dental prosthesis in terms of periodontal health, in terms of aesthetics and longevity of the prosthesis, a good and proper retraction of the gingival tissue is very much required. For the proper placement of the fixed dental prosthesis over the prepared tooth requires close contact with the adjacent tissue i.e. gingiva, so for the proper and placement of the prosthesis in the close proximity requires adequate isolation and retraction of the soft tissue around the prepared tooth. For the procedure of gingival retraction various methods and different materials are available. Keywords: Retraction, gingival retraction, Isolation, Dry field, Gingiva

Background: The implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) among children under five years old in close contact with sputum smear-positive TB patients is still low. Only 21,7% of children implemented the IPT in Central Java in 2017. Assessment of the barriers to IPT implementation needs to be carried out in the control of child TB cases.Objective: To analyze the barriers to IPT implementation among children under five years old in close contact with sputum smear-positive TB patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children (age

espanolDos culturas, la islamica y la cristiana, que en principio parecen antagonicas, debido al estrecho contacto que han mantenido en algunos momentos de la historia, nos presentan influencias mutuas. A lo largo de este breve ensayo intentaremos mostrar al lector unas breves muestras de ese intercambio entre ambas culturas, para que estas puedan servir de base a dialogos actuales, por lo que acabamos estableciendo cual es el estado de la cuestion, sobre esos paralelismos y semejanzas entre las mencionadas espiritualidades. EnglishTwo cultures, the Islamic and the Christian, that, at first sight seem antagonistic, yet due to the close contact maintained by both of them in some moments of history, offer us mutual influences. All along this essay we shall endeavor to show to the reader some brief samples of that interchange between the two cultures, so that they may serve as a foundation for present day dialogues, and by this we finish establishing which is the state of the question, about these parallelisms and similarities between the mentioned spiritualities.

Introducción: la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha causado una interrupción en la prestación de los servicios de salud de todo el mundo, con lo que ha modificado el ejercicio de la medicina. La dermatología, una especialidad medicoquirúrgica, en la que existe contacto estrecho con el paciente, ha experimentado reducción en el número de consultas y cancelación de procedimientos quirúrgicos y dermocosméticos, en cumplimiento de las recomendaciones y lineamientos nacionales e internacionales. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo por medio de una encuesta aplicada por vía electrónica a los dermatólogos colombianos, miembros de la Asociación Colombiana de Dermatología y Cirugía Dermatológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la magnitud del impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en la práctica de los dermatólogos colombianos. Resultados: el 74% de los encuestados reportó suspensión de la consulta dermatológica, el 83% de procedimientos dermatológicos y solo un 6% atendía pacientes de urgencias durante el confinamiento obligatorio. Secundario a la pandemia por COVID-19, un 79% de los dermatólogos colombianos introdujo la modalidad de teleconsulta y los costos asociados al cumplimiento de las normas de bioseguridad generaron gastos imprevistos para el 20% de los encuestados. Conclusiones: la situación actual es un gran reto para la especialidad, que no solo debe mitigar el riesgo biológico derivado del retorno a sus actividades presenciales, sino conocer e implementar medidas preventivas que permitan proteger la salud y el bienestar común, mientras se fortalecen las condiciones para un ejercicio seguro y de calidad, apoyado en las nuevas tecnologías.

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the global socio-economic spectrum, including water accessibility especially in developing countries. The global achievement in water access subsector at the end of MDGS could be jeopardized with the unabated prevalence of a novel and contagious disease which knows no bound. With the pandemic and its spreading mode through close contact which brought about the total lockdown of the global community, accessibility to improved water could have been restricted. To assess the impact of the disease/lockdown on water access, a survey was conducted during the lockdown-free days across randomly selected inhabitants of Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. Data analysis was descriptive. The results revealed that the disease/lockdown restricted the movement of the respondents to search for potable water. Respondents adopted various strategies to ensure water availability in their homes including night fetching (12.2%), rotation (16.2%), purchase (1.4%), surface sources (8.8%) among others. About 78.3% either agreed or strongly agreed that the pandemic had pronounced impacts on domestic water supply and subjected them to untold hardship searching for water while trying to avoid physical contact. This work, therefore recommends review of global target on water access to ensure each house is connected to safe and sustainable water sources.

A Covid-19 é causada pelo coronaví­rus e transmitida por contato próximo, gotí­culas e aerossóis. Para minimizar o risco de transmissão, profissionais de saúde devem fazer uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, como máscaras ou respiradores, aventais e luvas. Objetivou-se analisar a quantidade consumida destes equipamentos de proteção individual antes e durante a pandemia e também o impacto orçamentário causado para sua aquisição. Estudo retrospectivo, compreendendo os meses de janeiro/fevereiro de 2020 (antes da pandemia Covid – 19) e março/abril (durante a pandemia Covid – 19), em um hospital público. Realizado avaliação do consumo e custo de aquisição dos insumos considerados equipamento de proteção individual.Os dados foram coletados em sistema de informação próprio da instituição. Todos os itens analisados apresentaram aumento importante na quantidade utilizada e, principalmente, no valor de compra, chegando custar 525% mais caro comparado aos meses sem pandemia. O aumento dos custos estava relacionado í escassez dos produtos tanto no mercado nacional, quanto internacional. Entender os valores pagos e estabelecer controle de dispensação dos equipamentos, favorece o planejamento orçamentário.

Background/purpose The impact of the pandemic of COVID-19 has a certain influence on various walks of life around the world. Because of the pandemic of this novel coronavirus in terms of COVID-19, the social life global wide has been changed a lot. To keep the social distance between human being to prevent from being infected is the most important strategy for all the countries. Many dental schools have been locked down to minimize the spread out of this coronavirus infection. Close contact between human being are required for all those learning process in traditional dental education. Learning methods should be innovated to keep on the learning process but away from being infected for dental education during pandemic. The purpose of this manuscript is to exchange the information and experience of those dental educators from different countries to prepare for the future demand for dental education during pandemic. Materials and methods By means of three online symposiums, dental educators from different countries were invited to give presentation and discussion regarding to the information and experience in the innovation of dental education during the pandemic. Results The results showed that the impact of the pandemic of COVID-19 affects the dental education a lot. Intelligent technology has certain benefit for the learning process of dental education during the pandemic. Conclusion The impact of the pandemic of COVID-19 affects dental education a lot. The model of dental education should be innovated to suit different situations and novelty intelligent technology should be applied for future dental education.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) had a global impact on health sectors including dentistry. As dental services have to be performed and cannot be withheld for a prolonged period, dentists should prepare themselves to understand the disease process and to face future treatment challenges in affected patients to fully resume dental services. There was a need to evaluate the knowledge of dentists on Covid-19 disease process, and readiness in practicing dentistry in this situation. Aim: This study aimed at assessing the knowledge, practice, and level of preparedness of dentists in Nigeria towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional survey involving dentists practicing in Nigeria was carried out using the SurveyMonkey™ platform. The link for the questionnaire from the platform was forwarded to dentists individually and on platforms of various oral health-care providers. The questionnaires tested for knowledge, practice, and preparedness of the respondents to the COVID-19 pandemic. Their biodata and practice experiences were also collected. Data were electronically retrieved from the SurveyMonkey platform in Excel spreadsheet and analysis was done; statistical significance was established at P ≤ 0.05. Results and discussion: A total of 209 dentists participated in the online survey; there were more respondents from the age group of 25 to 34 years. Majority of the participants practiced in the tertiary setting. Over 97% of the respondents first learned about the novel coronavirus through the media; 97.1% agreed that the main mode of spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is through respiratory droplets on close contact, and 91.4% agreed on spread through respiratory droplets on surfaces. Over 35% had no previous training on infection and prevention control (IPC) and 50% of the centers where the respondents practice had no IPC committee. Ninety-nine percent of the respondents have heard about personal protective equipment (PPE), but only 51.5% had PPE in their clinic, while 33.7% of these have had training on the use of PPE. Over 80% of respondents exhibited fear; junior residents were the most fearful, and 67% of respondents from tertiary institutions have limited their procedures during this pandemic. Conclusion: This study showed that COVID-19 pandemic poses a new threat to dental practices worldwide and Nigeria in particular. Therefore, the practice of dentistry must evolve in the presence of COVID-19.

The objective of this study was to determine effects of relative humidity on electrical heating textile properties. Relative humidity (RH) is a factor to determine clothing comfort. Electrical heating textile is used in close contact with human skin in winter or under extreme environments. Graphene/polymer composite was coated with flame retardant cotton fabric with a horseshoe-pattern. The relative humidity was controlled through water-sulfuric acid method. Samples were stored in external environment with different RH (25-% RH, 35-% RH, 45-% RH, 55-% RH, 65-% RH, and 90-% RH). With increasing RH, weight change rate also tended to increase due to increase amount of moisture absorbed by cotton fabric. Regarding surface resistivity under dry and each RH condition, it was found that surface resistivity change rate tended to decrease from 25% RH to 55% RH and then started increasing upto 90 % RH. Surface temperature and current of samples with various RH conditions were linearly increased with increasing applied voltage. When a voltage between 5 V and 6 V was applied to samples with various RH conditions, surface temperature was about 50 °C. Differences in surface temperature and current change rate tended to increase from under 25 % RH to 55 % RH conditions. However, they started decreasing from 65 % RH condition and the decline continued upto 90 % RH condition. These results confirmed that 55 % RH condition could improve electrical and electrical heating properties of samples. This condition could be expected to improve electrical properties of electrical heating textiles for wearable electronic applications.

The aim of this study is to determine the association between temperature and humidity in relation to COVID-19 above 3 degrees C. This was carried out in the cities of Bandung and Surabaya which have temperatures of about 22 degrees C to 31 degrees C. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and the Pearson and Spearman correlation for normally and abnormally distributed data. The results showed that there was no association between people under monitoring (ODP)/close contact, patients under surveillance (PDP)/suspect, and COVID-19 confirmed cases in relation to the temperature and humidity in Bandung and Surabaya. Furthermore, there was no relationship between temperature and humidity with ODP, PDP, and COVID-19 Confirmed cases in both cities, because they had a comfortably wet category (RH > 70%). This results are expected to provide information to the government that weather cases in Indonesia (temperatures around 26 degrees C-30 degrees C with humidity > 60%) do not affect the spread of COVID-19. In addition, it is expected that further studies would be carried out on other factors that influence the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia, for example, how the level of alternating flow in and/ or out of the population into an area.

Facing the unprecedented global public health crisis caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), nucleic acid tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are the gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19. The asymptomatic carriers were not suspected of playing a significant role in the ongoing pandemic, and universal nucleic acid screening in close contacts of confirmed cases and asymptomatic carriers has been carried out in many medium- and high-risk areas for the spread of the virus. Recently, anal swabs for key population screening have been shown to not only reduce missed diagnoses but also facilitate the traceability of infectious sources. As a specimen for the detection of viruses, the goal of this paper is to briefly review the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 and the necessity of using anal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 screening to minimize transmission and a threat to other people with COVID-19.

Human Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic of 2019-20 that was emerged in China in December 2019. More than 37,000deaths with7, 84, 440confirmed cases has been reported from around 200 different countries has been reported till now and the number is increasing every second. The spread is said to be through human to human transmission via close contact or respiratory droplets produced when people cough or sneeze. No treatment for the illness has been approved yet. The urgent need is to find solution to this growing problem that has affected the whole mankind. World Health Organisation (WHO) as well as US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are continuously working to find the solution. In the same line they have proposed many potent drugs that may have efficiency against the newly emerged viral infection. To support the efforts the present study is designed to carry out the in silico analysis viz. Docking studies of around 16drugs recently recommended by US FDA by observing the interaction of test molecules with SARS proteinase.

This article compares the books about the Lifes of Thomas More written by Roper and Harpsfield and the work Tomás Moro by Fernando de Herrera. The comparison is taken as a case in point of the divergent early development of the biographical genre in England and in Spain. The three texts were written by Catholic humanists, but under different contexts, which produced different kinds of text. Roper’s and Harpsfield’s Catholicism, marked by a close contact with the Morean tradition, the English form of Counter-Reformation under Mary, and the Elizabethan reversion to Protestantism, makes them drift towards an early form of modern biography. Fernando de Herrera, however, sets out to write his text from the background of the Spanish Counter-Reformation and a different discursive and textual conception of life writing.

The present study describes the epidemiological characteristics of 3,08,259 suspected cases of COVID-19 from the Pune district, India. The samples were referred for COVID-19 testing between January 24, 2020 and April 30, 2021. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the ICMR-portal as a single dataset and analyzed. Of the 3,08,259 samples tested, 2,63,833 (85.6%) were asymptomatic. Symptomatic cases ratio in the first and the second COVID-19 wave was 1:2. Among symptomatic cases, cough was the most common complaint, followed by fever. Among the COVID-19 positives, one-fifth were asymptomatic, highlighting the necessity for close contact tracing even among apparently healthy contacts. The second wave of COVID-19 had double the per cent of symptomatic individuals as compared to the first wave.

Resumen: Los informes sobre la COVID-19 del Ministerio de Sanidad en España son valiosos, pero incompletos, con el efecto perverso de que la susceptibilidad al virus según el sexo está poco clara. La prevalencia de COVID-19 por sexo difiere entre países. España muestra un patrón desigual: inicialmente más frecuente en los hombres, las mujeres los superaron a partir del 31 de marzo, tras 2 semanas de confinamiento, con contagios más frecuentes en las mujeres en contacto con casos de COVID-19. Concordando con los fallecimientos, los hombres son hospitalizados con mayor frecuencia. Las diferencias significativas por sexo en signos/síntomas pueden conducir a este patrón, observado también en otras enfermedades. A finales de abril, el exceso de mortalidad es el mismo en las mujeres (67%) que en los hombres (66%). No obstante, la falta de información exhaustiva sobre las muertes por COVID-19 en no hospitalizados/as puede contribuir a la menor notificación de fallecimientos en las mujeres. La invisibilidad de los datos por sexo y de género probablemente está afectando de manera negativa más a las mujeres que a los hombres. Abstract: Reports on COVID-19 from the Spanish Health Ministry are valuable, but incomplete, with the perverse effect that the susceptibility to COVID-19 by sex is unclear. Prevalence of COVID-19 by sexes differs between countries. The trend in Spain shows an unequal pattern, initially more frequent in men, but women outnumbered them from March 31, after two weeks lockdown. Infections are more frequent in women than in men in close contact with probable/confirmed COVID-19 cases. Consistent with deaths in men, they are hospitalized more frequently than women: Significant gender differences in signs/symptoms can drive this pattern, already observed in other pathologies. In late April, excess mortality is the same in women (67%) than in men (66%). But, lack of exhaustive information on deaths from COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients may contribute to lower notification of deaths in women. Invisibility of data by sex and gender is probably affecting negatively women with COVID -19 more than men.

Objective: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is contagious through respiratory droplets, close contact and aerosols emitted from high-end instruments Dentists are at high risk for infection and have become carriers of the disease Thus, dental health professionals should have sufficient knowledge and a high level of awareness on this issue This study aimed to investigate the levels of knowledge and awareness about COVID-19 among dentists, students of dentistry and dental nurses Materials and Methods: This study included 124 dentists, 122 students of dentistry and 128 nurses A closed-ended questionnaire was developed with the help of the existing literature The questionnaire, containing ten questions, was divided into three parts Results: Dentists, nurses and students of dentistry had adequate information regarding COVID-19 It was determined that all the participating dentists (100%) and nurses (100%) and most students of dentistry (97 5%) felt threatened by being exposed to COVID-19 infection A significantly higher proportion of dentists (58 9%) and clinical students (55 7%) compared to nurses (9 4%) believed that using protective equipment during dental practice will not protect them against COVID-19 infection Conclusion: Dental health care workers should be trained in the prevention and control of COVID-19, and they should regularly renew these skills to protect themselves against new infections that may occur in the future

Published evidence shows that the virus that causes Covid-19 disease is transmitted by close contact and droplets between people. People at the highest risk of getting sick; they are healthcare professionals who are in contact with Covid-19 patients and manage the health care process of these patients. In this case, Healthcare professionals are in the high risk group. To protect Healthcare professionals; it is known that hand hygiene, environment disinfection, use of personal protective equipment and education are important. Determining the exposure of healthcare professionals to Covid-19 disease is extremely important in terms of taking infection control measures. This study was conducted within the scope of Covid-19 disease, in order to evaluate the risks for Healthcare Professionals and to determine the behaviors of Healthcare Professionals to take infection control precautions. It is understood that healthcare professionals do not adapt to the training they received during the pandemic process compared to those with less than their professional experience and working years, and in this case, it is thought that the existing trainings should be repeated continuously and one-to-one observations should be made in the field.

The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has become a real challenge for healthcare providers around the world. Recently, it has been recorded that among all the health care professionals dentists, dental assistants, and dental hygienists are at high risk as they are in close contact with patients and are exposed to body fluids of patients. To assess the knowledge and create awareness of changes in the practice of emergency and non – emergency dental procedures during COVID-19 among dental interns. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100dental interns. As the study was conducted during the pandemic time, a web-based survey was created using google form which composed of a set of 12 structured custom- made questions. The answers were collected and subjected to statistics.It was seen that more than 80% of the dental interns were aware of the guidelines issued by various dental associations regarding changes in dental procedures during COVID-19 pandemic situation. Most of the students were also aware of the term ‘Tele dentistry’ and telecommunications for dental care, consultation and education. Adaptations and adjustments in the dental procedures need to be done to avoid the spread of the disease. Hence, it is important and mandatory for dental professionals and students to be aware of the precautions to be taken when performing emergency as well as non-emergency procedures during this pandemic situation.

Introduction: The growth and development of babies are directly linked to breastfeeding, an action that is essential to be done. In 2020 there is concern about this act due to the pandemic by COVID-19. Objective: to describe the recommendations on prevention of transmission related to breastfeeding of mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Development: Currently, the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has its transmission through close contact and without protection from infected individuals through their secretions or excretions, mostly through salivary droplets. When breastfeeding, it is necessary that the mother promotes health prevention, doing the correct hand hygiene, using a mask, disinfecting the bottle, if collecting milk. Conclusion: Breastfeeding at this time of pandemic is not contraindicated, but prevention is necessary. Introdução: O crescimento e desenvolvimento dos bebês estão ligados diretamente a amamentação, ação a qual é imprescindível ser feita. No ano de 2020 existe a preocupação em relação a este ato devido à pandemia pelo COVID-19. Objetivo: descrever as recomendações sobre a prevenção da transmissão relacionadas à amamentação de mães com suspeita ou confirmação de COVID-19. Desenvolvimento: Atualmente a pandemia provocada pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 tem a sua transmissão através do contato próximo e sem proteção de indivíduos infectados por meio das suas secreções ou excreções, sendo na sua maioria através de gotículas salivares. Ao amamentar é necessário que a mãe promova a prevenção de saúde, fazendo a higienização correta das mãos, usando máscara, desinfectar o frasco, caso faça coleta do leite. Conclusão: A amamentação neste momento de pandemia não está contraindicada, mas é necessária a prevenção.

O crescente número de animais de companhia nos grandes centros urbanos e o estreito convívio com o homem fazem com que haja um aumento no risco de zoonoses para a população humana. Ao oferecer exames parasitológicos gratuitos de fezes de animais domésticos, é possível realizar análises de rotina e acompanhamento da saúde dos animais, além de tornar possível a mensuração de quais são os agentes parasitológicos mais frequentes e quais constituem zoonose. Com objetivo de fornecer serviços gratuitos à comunidade que usufrui da clínica veterinária do Instituto Federal Catarinense – Campus Concórdia, amostras de fezes provenientes de cães e gatos, colhidas pelos tutores individualmente, foram identificadas e então colocadas em uma caixa com a identificação do projeto Exames gratuitos: Exames laboratoriais para cães e gatos fornecidos pelo LVP, sendo os exames realizados na mesma instituição, no Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária (LPV). Estas amostras foram submetidas aos métodos qualitativos de Willis; Hoffman, Pons & Janer e centrífugo-flutuação em solução de sacarose (d=1,203g/cm3). Foram examinadas 96 amostras, totalizando 238 exames parasitológicos. Foram diagnosticados 29 animais com parasitoses, nos quais foram encontrados ovos dos gêneros Ancylostoma, Trichuris, Cystoisospora, Giardia, Toxocara e Dipylidium. Além destes, outros parasitas foram acidentalmente encontrados nos exames de fezes, como o artrópode Demodex canis e ácaros. Os cães e gatos diagnosticados e devidamente identificados tiveram seus proprietários notificados. Levando-se em consideração os diagnósticos realizados pelo projeto, é notável que os exames auxiliam nos cuidados e na atenção à saúde do animal e consequentemente à humana.

Con la llegada del COVID-19 a la Argentina se evidencio la falta de herramientas de origen local que permitieran mitigar los efectos de la pandemia desde el punto de vista epidemiológico. Una de estas herramientas claves para dicho propósito, contempla el uso de métodos de diagnóstico rápidos y eficientes. Dentro de cuales, el más versátil, desde un punto de vista de su relación costo beneficio, lo constituyen los llamados test serológicos rápidos. Este tipo de métodos, permiten realizar estudios poblacionales a gran escala con la finalidad de hallar individuos infectados y trazar redes de contactos estrechos, permitiendo desde el punto de vista epidemiológico realizar mapeo y segregación de áreas contemplando métricas como incidencia de la enfermedad e inmunidad poblacional adquirida. El principio de este tipo de herramienta se basa en la detección de anticuerpos en sangre mediante un principio inmunocromatográfico y detección visual. Este sistema, debido a su baja complejidad y bajo costo de sus componentes permite su implementación sin la necesidad de una infraestructura hospitalaria o laboratorio. Para la realización de la prueba diagnóstica se requiere de una gota de sangre digital del individuo a testear y de la aplicación de la misma en el dispositivo, posteriormente mediante el agregado de una gota del reactivo cromatográfico se puede evidenciar la aparición de color en una o dos líneas de testeo, las cuales indicaran si la persona analizada posee o no anticuerpos contra el COVID-19. Si el resultado es positivo, indicativo de está o ha estado en contacto con el virus. Por ello, este tipo de test permite al personal sanitario tomar decisiones inmediatas acerca de la situación de una persona o grupo de personas positivas. ersona o grupo de personas positivas.

В статье представлен обзор лексики послесвадебных обрядов в тувинском языке и в описании этнографического своеобразия обрядов. Такой подход оправдан в связи с тем, что фразеологически связанное значение лексемы или фразеосочетания свабедной обрядности понимается правильно, без искажения. Материалом исследования послужили материалы из опубликованных работ, словарей, а также данных экспедиций автора по ареальным зонам тувинского языка в 1999–2015 гг. Анализ лексики традиционного послесвадебного обряда позволил выявить следующие особенности: а) наименования и фразеосочетания традиционных послесвадебных обрядов в основной своей массе являются собственно тувинскими устойчивыми сочетаниями с общетюркскими компонентами (2 лексемы и 6 фразеосочетаний); б) в корпусе названий традиционных послесвадебных обрядов встречаются также собственно тувинские фразеосочетания из общетюркских основ и монгольских заимствований (4), подтверждающие тот факт, что на протяжении длительного времени тувинцы жили в тестном контакте с монголами; в) значительная часть фразеосочетаний зафиксированы в речи носителей зарубежных говоров тувинского языка — ховдинского, цэнгэльского, цагаан-нуурского, а также эрзинского говора юго-восточного диалекта, монгун-тайгинского, кара-холского и бай-тайгинского говоров западного диалекта, а также хондергейского говора центрального диалекта; г) только 4 фразеосочетания и 1 одна лексема вошли в состав общеупотребительных; д) анализируемые примеры показывают лексические, фонетические диалектные особенности речи носителей юго-восточного, западного, центрального диалектов и в зарубежных говоров тувинского языка; е) с течением времени значения некоторых слов, связанных с послесвадебными обрядами подверглись сужению или расширению.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has seen>48 million confirmed cases worldwide as ofNovember 6, 2020.The infection rate amongst children was initially reported to be low, with children constituting only 2% of recorded cases. However, this reflected testing for COVID-19 only when symptomatic or with known close contact with an infected person(1). The purpose of this reportis to describe the characteristics of pediatric patients undergoing universal testing for COVID-19 during routine preoperativescreening at threetertiarychildren's hospitals across the United States.

Across much of the Spanish empire in the Americas, indigenous and African-descent peoples lived in close contact. The entangled nature of labor, both in urban centers and on massive complexes, gave them the opportunity to measure themselves against one another. Law that developed across the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries suggested an eventual clarity about their separate conditions, but experience revealed the muddiness of both definitions and enforcement. Indigenous and Black subjects used those colonial discourses about freedom and hierarchy to understand their own positions and to argue for comparable protections and privileges. Rather than consider indigenous and Black lives separately, the essay argues for a more integrative approach to reading legal documents produced by and about them.

Background: COVID-19 has tremendously affected the world including Afghanistan since its outbreak.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the public knowledge about COVID-19 in Afghanistan as well as practices used to prevent contracting the disease. It also studied the attitudes of the public towards the COVID-19 survivors, and the impact of the participants’ gender, place of residence and marital status on their responses.Method: The data were collected from 1472 individuals through an online survey questionnaire. SPSS version 24.0 was used to analyze the data.Results: The findings showed that the public were very knowledgeable about COVID-19. They used various practices to varying extent to prevent contracting COVID-19 and its spread. Moreover, the participants’ attitudes towards the COVID-19 survivors varied. They had negative attitudes towards them if close contact was concerned, but their attitudes were positive towards them if close contact was not involved, e.g., educating community members about the disease. Gender and place of residence had a significant impact on the participants’ knowledge and practices, but they did not affect their attitudes towards the survivors. Furthermore, marital status significantly affected the participants’ practices, but it did not have any impact on their knowledge and attitudes towards the survivors.

Coronavirus is thought to spread through close contact from person to person. While it is believed that the primary means of spread is by inhaling respiratory droplets or aersols, it may also be spread by touching inanimate objects such as doorknobs and handrails that have the virus on it ("fomites''). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) therefore recommends individuals maintain "social distance'' of more than six feet between one another. It further notes that an individual may be infected by touching a fomite and then touching their own mouth, nose or possibly their eyes. We propose the use of computer vision techniques to combat the spread of coronavirus by sounding an audible alarm when an individual touches their own face, or when multiple individuals come within six feet of one another or shake hands. We further propose using depth cameras to track where people touch parts of their physical environment throughout the day, and a simple model of disease spread among potential fomites. Projection mapping techniques can be used to display likely fomites in realtime, while headworn augmented reality systems can be used by custodial staff to perform more effective cleaning of surfaces. Such techniques may find application in particularly vulnerable settings such as schools, long-term care facilities and physician offices.

Graphical abstract, Highlights • COVID-19 outbreak has been discussed in detail. • Transmission can be avoided by maintaining safety measures. • Initial symptoms are fever, cough and respiratory issues. • Reliability of the RT-PCR remains uncertain than CT. • Transmission is possible during clinical practices. • Transmission of COVID-19 to infant is not observed., As the new cases of COVID-19 are growing every daysince January 2020, the major way to control the spread wasthrough early diagnosis. Prevention and early diagnosis are the key strategies followed by most countries. This study presents the perspective of different modes of transmission of coronavirus,especially during clinical practices and among the pediatrics. Further, the diagnostic methods and the advancement of the computerized tomography have been discussed. Droplets, aerosol, and close contact are thesignificantfactors to transfer the infection to the suspect. This study predicts the possible transmission of the virus through medical practices such as ophthalmology, dental, and endoscopy procedures. With regard to pediatric transmission, as of now, only afew child fatalities had been reported. Childrenusually respond to the respiratory virus; however, COVID-19 response ison the contrary. The possibility of getting infected is minimal for the newborn. There has been no asymptomatic spread in children until now. Moreover, breastfeedingwould not transmit COVID-19, which is encouraging hygiene news for the pediatric. In addition, the current diagnostic methods for COVID-19 including Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG)and chest computed topography(CT) scan, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) andimmunochromatographic fluorescence assay, are also discussed in detail. The introduction of artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithmhas the ability to diagnose COVID-19 in precise. However, the developments of a potential technology for the identification of the infection, such as a drone with thermal screening without human intervention, need to be encouraged.

Human behaviour is known to be crucial in the propagation of infectious diseases through respiratory or close-contact routes like the current SARS-CoV-2 virus. Intervention measures implemented to curb the spread of the virus mainly aim at limiting the number of close contacts, until vaccine roll-out is complete. Our main objective was to assess the relationships between SARS-CoV-2 perceptions and social contact behaviour in Belgium. Understanding these relationships is crucial to maximize interventions' effectiveness, e.g. by tailoring public health communication campaigns. In this study, we surveyed a representative sample of adults in Belgium in two longitudinal surveys (survey 1 in April 2020 to August 2020, and survey 2 in November 2020 to April 2021). Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to analyse the two surveys. Participants with low and neutral perceptions on perceived severity made a significantly higher number of social contacts as compared to participants with high levels of perceived severity after controlling for other variables. Our results highlight the key role of perceived severity on social contact behaviour during a pandemic. Nevertheless, additional research is required to investigate the impact of public health communication on severity of COVID-19 in terms of changes in social contact behaviour. This work received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement 682540 TransMID), EpiPose: Epidemic intelligence to Minimize COVID-19's Public Health, Societal and Economical Impact, Belgian Health Institute - Sciensano, and Janssen - Belgium. Lander Willem gratefully acknowledges support from the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) (postdoctoral fellowship 1234620N). W. John Edmunds acknowledges support from the NIHR (PR-OD-1017-20002) and UK MRC (MC_PC_19065 - Covid 19: Understanding the dynamics and drivers of the COVID-19 epidemic using real-time outbreak analytics). Christopher I Jarvis acknowledges support from the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) project 'RECAP' managed through RCUK and ESRC (ES/P010873/1)

Behavioral traits play a major role in successful adaptation of wildlife to urban conditions. However, there are few studies showing how urban conditions affect the social behavior of urban animals during their direct encounters. It is generally believed that the higher density of urban populations translates into increased aggression between individuals. In this paper, using a camera-trap method, we compared the character of direct encounters in urban and non-urban populations of the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771), a species known as an urban adapter. We confirmed the thesis that urbanization affects the social behavior and urban and rural populations differ from each other. Urban animals are less likely to avoid close contact with each other and are more likely to show tolerant behavior. They also have a lower tendency towards monopolization of food resources. The behavior of urban animals varies depending on the time of day: in the daytime, animals are more vigilant and less tolerant than at night. Our results indicate that, in the case of the species studied, behavioral adaptation to urban life is based on increasing tolerance rather than aggression in social relations. However, the studied urban adapter retains the high plasticity of social behavior revealed even in the circadian cycle. The observation that tolerance rather than aggression may predominate in urban populations is a new finding, while most studies suggest an increase in aggression in urban animals. This opens an avenue for formulating new hypotheses regarding the social behavior of urban adapters.

In 2020, the COVID-19 disease was a relevant event within all public health systems in the world. In March of that year, the Dominican Republic declared the first case moving towards community broadcasting. Based on this, human behaviors and responses to this disease have taken on different practical and theoretical nuances. Here we propose an analysis of the persistence of myths within the health personnel of the Dr. Hugo Mendoza Pediatric Hospital. The methodology used was an online survey (social networks) of 981 health professionals residing in the Dominican Republic. The survey included sociodemographic data, risk perception, attitudes, beliefs. Participants completed the survey between March 30 and April 6, 2020. Among some of the most outstanding results: the majority of respondents (89%) consider that limiting close contact with sick people, washing their hands, and avoiding touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands are steps to prevent infection with the new coronavirus. Finally, the execution of information campaigns is recommended to promote good practices and clarify misconceptions about COVID-19. Dentro de la coyuntura del 2020, la enfermedad COVID-19 supuso un acontecimiento relevante dentro de todos los sistemas de salud pública del mundo. Ahora bien, en marzo de 2020, República Dominicana declaró el primer caso, avanzando hacia la transmisión comunitaria. A partir de ello, los comportamientos y respuestas humanas frente a esta enfermedad han tomado distintos matices, tanto prácticos como teóricos. Aquí se propone un análisis sobre la persistencia de mitos dentro del personal de salud del Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Hugo Mendoza. La metodología empleada consistió en una encuesta en línea (redes sociales) a 981 profesionales de la salud residentes en República Dominicana. El cuestionario incluyó datos sociodemográficos, percepción de riesgo, actitudes, creencias. Los participantes completaron el cuestionario entre el 30 de marzo y el 6 de abril del 2020. Entre algunos de los resultados más sobresalientes: la mayoría de los encuestados (89%) consideró que limitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas, lavarse las manos y evitar tocarse los ojos, la nariz y la boca con las manos sin lavar son medidas que previenen una infección por coronavirus. Finalmente, se recomienda la ejecución de campañas de información para promover las buenas prácticas y aclarar concepciones erróneas sobre la COVID-19.

IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) are intracellular Ca2+ release channels gated by IP3 that are located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), including subregions that are in close contact with other organelles such as mitochondria. Recent studies have discovered unique properties of these channels in terms of the stoichiometric requirements for channel opening, their licensing to open in response to IP3 and their contribution to ER-mitochondrial contacts and Ca2+ transfers. In this mini-review, we provide a snapshot of the recent developments in our understanding of how IP3Rs impact and function at the ER-mitochondrial interface. We have focused this review on more recent discoveries that address questions such as: Which IP3R isoform is fueling Ca2+ to mitochondria? How are IP3Rs tethered to MAMs and how do IP3Rs contribute to MAM formation? And how are IP3Rs modulated at MAMs?

فهذه نبذة مختصرة عن أهم ما اشتمل عليه هذا البحث الموجز، الذي هو بعنوان: "نقض مزاعم جولدتسيهر على إمام التفسير الصحابي الجليل عبد الله بن عباس رضي الله عنهما"، وقد اشتمل هذا البحث على: مقدمة، وفصلين، وخاتمة. أما المقدمة: فقد تحدثت فيها عن أهمية الموضوع، وأسباب اختياره، والدراسات السابقة، وخطة البحث، والمنهج المتبع في کتابة البحث، وأما الفصل الأول "التمهيدي" فقد اشتمل على خمسة مباحث رئيسة: المبحث الأول: تعريف التفسير لغة واصطلاحا، المبحث الثاني: نشأة علم التفسير ومدارسه وأئمته في القرون الهجرية الأولى، المبحث الثالث: التعريف بإمام التفسير عبد الله بن عباس رضي الله عنهما، المبحث الرابع: مدخل إلى الاستشراق: "تعريفه، وأهدافه، ونشأته"، المبحث الخامس: التعريف بالمستشرق اليهودي جولدتسيهر وموقفه من الإسلام، وأما الفصل الثاني فقد اشتمل على جزء الدراسة وهو: تفنيد المزاعم الباطلة التي ادعاها المستشرق جولدتسيهر على الصحابي الجليل عبدالله بن عباس رضي الله عنهما، وأجملتها في سبعة مباحث: المبحث الأول: الزعم أن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما تلقى بنفسه في اتصاله الوثيق بالرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وجوه التفسير التي يوثق بها وحدها، وتفنيد ذلک والرد عليه، المبحث الثاني: الزعم بتوسعه رضي الله عنه في الأخذ عن أهل الکتاب، وتفنيد ذلک والرد عليه، المبحث الثالث: الزعم برجوعه رضي الله عنه إلى الشعراء القدامى الذين کان يرى الاعتداد باستعمالهم اللغوي في التفسير، وتفنيد ذلک والرد عليه، المبحث الرابع: الزعم بکتمانه رضي الله عنه کثيرا من العلوم، وتفنيد ذلک والرد عليه، المبحث الخامس: الزعم بعرضه رضي الله عنه الأخبار الإسلامية أحيانا في مظهر مسرحي زاخر بالحياة، وتفنيد ذلک والرد عليه، المبحث السادس: الزعم بظهوره رضي الله عنه کمنبيء بأخبار الغيب، وأحيانا کأنه مظهر إلهي، وتفنيد ذلک والرد عليه، المبحث السابع: الزعم بکون أسانيد التفسير المنسوبة إليه رضي الله عنه مطعونا فيها، وتفنيد ذلک والرد عليه. ثم ختمت البحث بالنتائج التي توصلت إليها، ثم المصادر والمراجع التي اعتمدت عليها. أسأل الله تعالى التوفيق والسداد، والقبول والرشاد، إنه بکل جميل کفيل، وهو حسبنا ونعم الوکيل، وأن يجعل عملنا في ميزان الحسنات، ورفيع الدرجات، حامدة لله رب العالمين، ومصلية على المصطفى الأمين، وعلى آله وصحبه الطيبين الطاهرين. Summary: This is a brief summary of the most important aspects of this brief research, entitled: "Refuting Goldziher's claims against the imam of the venerable Sahaba interpretation Abdullah bin Abbas, god bless them,"this research included: an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction included five main investigations: the first: the definition of interpretation in language and terminology, the second topic: the genesis of the science of interpretation, its schools and its imams in the first Hijri centuries, the third topic: the definition of imam of interpretation Abdullah bin Abbas, god bless them, the fourth topic: an introduction to orientalism. "Definition, objectives, and origins", The Fifth Topic: Introducing the Jewish Orientalist Goldtsher and his position on Islam, and the second chapter included the part of the study: refuting the false claims made by the Orientalist Goldtsihr on the venerable Sahabi Abdullah bin Abbas, may God bless them, and i have outlined them in seven investigations: the first: the claim that Ibn Abbas, may God bless them, received himself in his close contact with the Prophet( peace be upon him) and the faces of interpretation that he documents alone, and refutes that and responds to it, the second topic The third is the claim that he returned to the old poets, who saw the recidivism of their linguistic use in interpretation, and refuted that and responded to it, the fourth: claiming to be content with god's satisfaction with many sciences, refuting that and responding to it, the fifth subject: claiming to be accepted by God, sometimes in a theatrical appearance full of life, and refuting that and responding to it, the sixth, the sixth. The claim that he appeared as a prophet of the news of the unseen, sometimes as if it were a divine manifestation, and refuted that and responded to it, the seventh question: the claim that the saines of the interpretation attributed to him are challenged, and that is refuted and answered. The research was then concluded with its findings, and then the sources and references on which it was based. I ask God to reconcile and repay, acceptance and guidance, that he is beautifully a sponsor, and he is our destiny and the best of the agent, and to make our work in the balance of goodness, high grades, as a prayer to God the Lord of the Worlds, and a prayer to the faithful Mustafa, and to his good and pure family and companions. Keywords: rebuttal, allegations, orientalist, goldiesher, interpretation, companions.

This article analyzes the fight against domestic violence towards woman from a new standpoint: a study of “Rede Catarina” program, implemented in the municipality of Sao Miguel do Oeste. It is notorious that this issued was, for a long time, overlooked by the State. For this reason, this study starts off by addressing the fundamental rights of women, who are more susceptible to gender discrimination (this being the reason why they are part of the group of vulnerable minorities), followed by the chronological analysis of the facts that paved the way for the enactment of the Maria da Penha Law, which implemented new mechanisms to fight domestic violence, especially those provided for in articles 22, 23 and 24, which address urgent protective measures. However, we identified the need to complement these mechanisms, since these victims lacked direct and regular monitoring; so, the Military Police of Santa Catarina created an institutional program known as “Rede Catarina”, based on close contact with victims. The main focus point of this program was the municipality of Sao Miguel do Oeste, and the conclusion reached is that this new model of a closer relationship between the State and the victims can indeed help in the effectiveness of the urgent protective measures, as it ends up providing protection and guidance to the parties involved.