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Introduction: Facial pain includes a number of entities such as migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal cephalalgias and atypical facial pain. Management includes multiple drugs (analgesics, antidepressants and antineuritics) and procedures (blockages, radiofrequency and electrical stimulation). Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Twenty patients with chronic severe facial cranial pain with negative impact on quality of life and functionality were included. They had no response to multimodal and multidisciplinary medical management for at least three months. The sphenopalatine ganglion was blocked on the side of the maximum severity of pain at the level of the pterygopalatine fossa. Results: Twenty subjects with chronic severe facial skull of diverse etiology, between 28 and 70 years (average of 44.05 years), 90% of female gender, were included. At followup, 70% of the subjects presented an improvement equal to or greater than 50% and 30% did not have a satisfactory improvement. Discussion: Sphenopalatine ganglion blockade has been used previously in several studies for the management of severe craniofacial pain. Randomized studies have been performed evaluating its effects in migraine with positive results. There are also evidence base recommendations for its use in cluster headache and atypical facial pain. Conclusion: Sphenopalatine ganglion blockade is a safe and effective intervention in the control of pain in patients with headache and facial pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peripheral nerve stimulation has yielded promising long-term results for managing occipital neuralgia refractory to pharmacological and primary interventional management. Objective: To report the efficacy obtained in two cases of intractable occipital neuralgia that underwent implantable peripheral subcutaneous neurostimulation. Material and methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective case report of severe Arnold's neuralgia refractory to pharmacological and interventional management, undergoing implantable peripheral subcutaneous neurostimulation performed during the last 10 years from 2006-2016 at the Pain Clinic Service of the National Medical Center Hospital "20 de Noviembre". Results: Two cases of severe occipital neuralgia of traumatic etiology, refractory to pharmacological management, with over 9 years of evolution, were selected. Following management with implantable peripheral subcutaneous neurostimulation, the patients experienced 80-100% pain relief. Conclusions: Peripheral subcutaneous neurostimulation seems promising as a short- and long-term therapy for the management of severe intractable occipital neuralgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas are a common complication of spinal surgery. The radioisotope cisternography is a diagnostic tool that allows confirmation and localization. Case report: Male patient of 30 years, with a history of congenital hydrocephalus and eight years ago was removed a derivative lumboperitoneal shunt system placed by that cause. Consulted by episodes of approximately six months of orthostatic headache with relief in decubitus. A lumbar puncture was done for the study of CSF, an opening pressure of 5 cm H2O, and cytochemical, bacteriological, mycological and virological studies were negative. A cisternography radioisotope 99Tc-DTPA was done and showed a CSF fistula on the site where the lumboperitoneal shunt catheter was removed. Conclusion: The radioisotope cisternography is a practical and effective option to confirm the diagnosis CSF fistula as a complication of spinal surgery in patients with intracranial hypotension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migraine is one of the most common and disabling neurological disorders. About 12% of the adult population in occidental countries suffer from this issue, with higher prevalence during the productive working period and deeply affecting women. In order of crisis intensity and frequency, it could be considered a chronic pathology. Both patients and physicians in charge are constantly looking for alternatives to pharmacological therapy, which, while effective in the short term, may have unwanted and severe long-term side effects. The clinical case that we will describe shows the concordance between the usual practice of medical acupuncture and the positive results in intensity and frequency in a migraine crisis that multiple clinical trials published in indexed magazines demonstrate. This is the reason that acupuncture indications in headache and migraine are included in Clinical Guidelines like the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Photophobia is a symptom of abnormal light intolerance without pain sensation that requires an anamnesis and an examination to diagnose an underlying etiology., Basic Procedure: This article focuses on 30 clinical cases with isolated intense photophobia and on the review of the literature., Objective: The purpose of this article is to establish diagnostic criteria for photophobia., Results: The etiology of photophobia appears to be at the level of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells known as melanopsin cells and at a neurochemical level mediated by calcitonin-related peptide and the pituitary activating peptide cyclase., Conclusion: The treatment of photophobia could consist of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin-related peptide and/or pituitary activating peptide cyclase., (Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

La afectación neurológica en la enfermedad de Behçet es poco frecuente, especialmente como comienzo de la enfermedad. Puede presentarse con alteraciones parenquimatosas o con daño de las estructuras vasculares en su forma extraparenquimatosa. Es excepcional que ambos tipos de manifestaciones coexistan en un mismo paciente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 32 años, con antecedentes de trombosis venosa profunda, que acudió a nuestro centro por cuadro de cefalea holocraneal, apatía, aftas orales y genitales. La resonancia magnética cerebral mostró lesiones de hiperseñal en ganglios de la base y sustancia blanca silviana, y el estudio vascular trombosis venosa de seno transverso izquierdo. Tras confirmarse el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Behçet con afectación cerebral intra y extraparenquimatosa, se inició tratamiento inmunosupresor y corticoideo con remisión de la sintomatología. Neurological involvement in Behçet's disease is rare, especially at the onset. It can present in the form of parenchymal changes or as damage to the vascular structures in its nonparenchymal form. The coexistence of both kinds of manifestations in the same patient is exceptional. We report the case of a 32-year-old patient with a history of deep venous thrombosis, who was being treated for holocranial headache, apathy, and oral and genital ulcers. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense lesions in the basal ganglia and white matter, and the vascular study evidenced venous thrombosis of the left transverse sinus. After confirming the diagnosis of Behçet's disease with parenchymal and nonparenchymal cerebral involvement, immunosuppressive and corticosteroid therapy was started, resulting in the remission of the symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La trombosis venosa cerebral (TSVC) es un tipo de accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) que involucra el lado venoso de la circulación cerebral, incluye trombosis de los senos venosos durales y/o de las venas corticales y profundas del cerebro, es una causa poco común 0,5-1 % de todos los accidentes cerebrovasculares, con una prevalencia estimada en el rango entre 0. 22 a 1,23 / 100.000 / año. Los factores de riesgo para TSVC, están generalmente divididos en riesgos adquiridos (por ejemplo: cirugía, trauma, embarazo, puerperio, síndrome antifosfolípido, cáncer, hormonas exógenas) y los riesgos genéticos (trombofilia hereditaria). Los factores de riesgo más ampliamente estudiados para TSVC incluyen estados protrombóticos, las trombofilias heredadas asociadas con TSVC incluyen deficiencias de antitrombina, proteína C, proteína S (PS), mutación del factor V Leiden y la mutación del gen 20210 de protrombina. La prevalencia del déficit de PS, oscila entre un 0,02 y un 0,03 % en la población general y aumenta hasta un 2 % en pacientes no seleccionados con trombosis. Con una mortalidad cercana al 9 %. El manejo es usualmente médico. Se cita el caso de una paciente de 28 años de edad, con cuadro clínico de cefalea de 1 mes de evolución, con hallazgos en neuroimagen de trombosis de senos transverso y sigmoideo izquierdo con déficit de proteína S.

Introducción: la neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una enfermedad caracterizada por una infestación parasitaria que atraviesa diferentes estadios en el sistema nervioso central, causando reacciones específicas que se reflejan con manifestaciones clínicas diversas, entre las cuales resalta la cefalea. La NCC es una enfermedad pleomórfica. Para su diagnóstico se deben tener en cuenta ayudas clínicas y paraclínicas. Objetivo: estudiar el comportamiento de la cefalea en pacientes con diagnóstico previo de NCC. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, tipo serie de casos, para determinación de la incidencia de cefalea en pacientes pediátricos con NCC, realizado en el Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco Pareja en Cartagena-Colombia. Resultados: se identificaron 30 casos de NCC, de los cuales 18 pacientes (60%) informaron haber presentado cefalea entre la sintomatología clínica. Predominó el grupo etario entre 12-14 años con 50% y el sexo femenino con 55%. Los niños en su mayoría provenientes del área urbana 66.6%. Con respecto a la presentación de la cefalea, todos los eventos fueron similares, donde el 66.6% tuvo inicio espontáneo (94.4%), con presentación de 2-3 veces por semana (55.5%). En todos los estadios de la NCC puede presentarse cefalea. El estadio que más frecuentemente se acompañó de cefalea fue la calcificación (72.2%) y no debe interpretarse con agravamiento de la entidad o falta de respuesta terapéutica. Conclusión: se encontró cefalea en seis de cada diez pacientes, por lo cual es un síntoma importante que acompañó a la NCC. La cefalea debe tenerse en cuenta en la evaluación de pacientes pediátricos y debe sugerir la búsqueda de esta patología parasitaria cerebral.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of chronic headache (CH), chronic neck pain (CNP) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) in the autonomous region of Madrid by analyzing gender differences and to determine the factors associated with each pain location in women in 2007. Methods: We analyzed data obtained from adults aged 16 years or older (n = 12,190) who participated in the 2007 Madrid Regional Health Survey. This survey includes data from personal interviews conducted in a representative population residing in family dwellings in Madrid. The presence CH, CNP, and CLBP was analyzed. Sociodemographic features, self-perceived health status, lifestyle habits, psychological distress, drug consumption, use of healthcare services, the search for alternative solutions, and comorbid diseases were analyzed by using logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of CH, CNP and CLBP was significantly higher (P3 chronic diseases (OR 7.1, 8.5, 5.8, respectively), and with the use of analgesics and drugs for inflammation (OR: 3.5, 1.95, 2.5, respectively). In the bivariate analysis, the factors associated with pain in distinct body locations differed between men and women. Conclusions: This study found that CH, CNP and CLBP are a major public health problem in women in central Spain. Women have a higher overall prevalence of chronic pain than men. Chronic pain was associated with a higher use of analgesics and healthcare services.Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de dolor crónico de cabeza, cervical y lumbar en la Comunidad de Madrid analizando diferencias de sexo, y estudiar factores asociados con la presencia de cada uno de estos dolores en las mujeres. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos de los sujetos de 16 años o más de edad (n = 12,190) que participaron en la Encuesta Regional de Salud de Madrid en el año 2007. La encuesta incluye los datos recogidos de una población representativa de la región de Madrid que vive en su domicilio. Se analizó la presencia de dolor crónico de cabeza (DC), cervical (DCv) y lumbar (DL). Se investigaron características sociodemográficas, percepción de salud, hábitos de vida, estrés psicológico, consumo de fármacos, uso de servicios sanitarios, uso de terapias alternativas y patologías crónicas asociadas mediante análisis multivariado. Resultados: La prevalencia de DC, DCv y DL fue significativamente mayor (p

Introducción: la cefalea es común en la infancia y su frecuencia aumenta en la adolescencia; raras veces está relacionada con enfermedades graves, pero sí repercute negativamente en la calidad de vida.Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la cefalea en una cohorte de niños, clasificarla y evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento profiláctico.Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal en el que se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, antecedentes perinatales y personales, historia familiar de cefalea, características de los episodios, tratamiento recibido y respuesta al mismo. Se clasificaron los casos de acuerdo con los criterios de la Sociedad Internacional de Cefalea y según su patrón temporal.Resultados: el grupo más afectado fueron los escolares y predominaron las niñas. El antecedente familiar de migraña estuvo presente en 64,7%. Predominó la migraña sin aura (63,9%). Recibieron tratamiento profiláctico 88,6% y hubo buena respuesta en 88,2%. Los estudios de neuroimágenes y el EEG hechos de rutina no tuvieron utilidad.Conclusiones: no existen criterios estandarizados para la clasificación de la cefalea en la infancia, pero debe hacerse un seguimiento adecuado de todos los síntomas para validar los criterios diagnósticos y reducir el impacto negativo sobre la calidad de vida.

La neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una infección del sistema nervioso central (SNC) originada por el estadio larvario de Taenia solium. Esta importante parasitosis es la causa más frecuente de epilepsia adquirida del adulto. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes de las formas parenquimatosas son la cefalea y las convulsiones, mientras que las formas extraparenquimatosas suelen presentarse con hidrocefalia. En este aspecto, es importante destacar que las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad son el resultado de la muerte de la larva del cestodo y de la reacción inflamatoria perilesional que se produce en el SNC. El diagnóstico de NCC se basa en la epidemiología, las manifestaciones clínicas, los hallazgos de las neuroimágenes y la serología, y su tratamiento incluye el uso de fármacos antiepilépticos, corticoesteroides y drogas antiparasitarias, como el albendazol o el praziquantel. En este trabajo se describen dos casos de neurocisticercosis parenquimatosa con lesiones únicas que se manifestaron con cefalea y convulsiones.Neurocysticercosis is a central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium. This major parasitic infection is the most common cause of adult-onset epilepsy. The most common clinical manifestations of the parenchymal form of this disease are headache and seizures, whereas extraparenchymal forms typically present with hydrocephalus. In this context, it is important to emphasize that the clinical manifestations of this disease are the result of the death of the tapeworm larvae and of the perilesional inflammatory reaction that occurs in the CNS. The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is based on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings and serology. Treatment of neurocysticercosis includes the use of antiepileptic drugs, corticosteroids and antiparasitic therapy with albendazole or praziquantel. We report two cases of parenchymal neurocysticercosis with single lesions presenting with headache and seizures.

Introducción: Los meningiomas son tumores benignos que se originan en células aracnoideas y como consecuencia pueden crecer en cualquier lugar donde exista duramadre. Suelen aparecer generalmente entre los 35 y 55 años de edad y son más frecuentes en mujeres. Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico cuyo diagnóstico pudo realizarse antes teniendo en cuenta la forma de presentación. Caso clínico: Mujer de 38 años de edad con antecedentes de estar diagnosticada de migraña de más de 1 año de evolución y que ingresa en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera, de La Habana, con síntomas en los últimos 3 meses de intensificación de la cefalea y modificación de sus características, con hipertensión intracraneal y focalización motora. El examen clínico y la realización de TAC definen el diagnóstico y se corrobora con tratamiento quirúrgico. Posterior al tratamiento evoluciona satisfactoriamente. Conclusiones. Un correcto interrogatorio y examen del paciente, y el uso adecuado y preciso de las imágenes en los diagnósticos reduce la posibilidad de errores en la práctica clínica.Introduction: Meningiomas are benign tumors which are originated in arachnoid cells so they can grow anywhere it exists dura mater. They generally appear in ages between 35 and 55 years. They are more frequently found in women. Objective: To present a case report that could be diagnosed long before taking into account its form of manifestation. Case report: It's a 38 years old woman already diagnosed for migrain with more than a year of evolution who enters the service of internal medicine at the teaching hospital "Enrique Cabrera" in Havana. She has symptoms in the last three months of a strong migraine and modification of its characteristics with motor focalization and intracranial hypertension.After clinical examination with computed axial tomography included a diagnosis is established and surgical treatment is corroborated. After this treatment the patient evolves satisfactorily. Conclusions: Correct questioning and clinical examination of the patients and use of images when necessary reduces the possibility of errors in clinical practice.

O estudo teve como objetivos verificar a ocorrência de cefaleia como a principal dor e caracterizar essa experiência e o prejuízo causado por ela nas atividades cotidianas de estudantes universitárias de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado na Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil, de maio a junho de 2008, com 203 estudantes, (idade média de 21 anos; d.p.=1,8), 48,5% da classe econômica A. A cefaleia foi a principal dor para 34,5% das universitárias; de forte intensidade; descrita como latejante (74,3%), pontada (62,9%) e enjoada (55,7%); com episódios à tarde (52,9%), com duração de algumas horas do dia (51,4%). Os fatores relacionados ao início da dor foram: os estudos (17,1%) e o estresse (11,4 %) e as atividades mais prejudicadas: a capacidade de concentração (84,3%) e o humor (84,3%) (p

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O hematoma subdural intracraniano é uma complicação rara após raquianestesia. O diagnóstico é muitas vezes difícil porque os sintomas iniciais são os mesmos da cefaleia pós-punção da dura-máter. O objetivo é relatar o caso de um hematoma subdural diag nosticado precocemente, após uma raquianestesia realizada com agulha de calibre fino e punção única. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente de 48 anos, ASA I, submetida a raquianestesia para cirurgia de correção de incontinência urinária. Foi realizada a raquianestesia com agulha 27G Quincke e punção única. A cirurgia foi sem intercorrências, e a paciente recebeu alta hospitalar. Após 48 horas da punção raquidiana, a paciente relatou cefaleia de início súbito, de forte intensidade, acometendo principalmente a região orbitária, mas também a região temporal, com melhora importante no decúbito dorsal e acompanhada de dois episódios de vômitos. Foi solicitada tomografia de crânio que revelou a presença de um hematoma subdural agudo frontotemporoparietal esquerdo. Foi indicado tratamento conservador com analgésicos, dexametasoma e hidantoína. Após 17 dias, apresentou quadro de cefaleia intensa, acompanhada de dormência e paresia do membro superior direito, e distúrbio da fala e comportamento. O hematoma foi drenado cirurgicamente. A paciente evoluiu bem sem sequelas. CONCLUSÕES: A cefaleia é a complicação mais frequente após raquianestesia e é considerada de evolução benigna. Faz com que diagnósticos potencialmente fatais, como o hematoma subdural, não sejam feitos em muitos casos, ou sejam tardios. Este caso descreve uma ocorrência rara, um hematoma subdural agudo após uma raquianestesia com agulha fina em uma paciente sem fatores de risco para sangramento

OBJECTIVE: To devise and test the reliability and validity of a brief headache diary in a series of Colombian patients with chronic daily headache. METHODS: The study was designed in five stages: selection of domains (group of patients and experts); initial devising of the items (writing group); identification of non-understandable items (n=20); assessment of internal consistency (n=100); assessment of validity and assessment of sensitivity to change during seven consecutive days (n=25, 175 observations). RESULTS: Five domains were selected: headache presence, severity and length of pain, analgesics intake, and missing workdays. The headache diary is internally consistent (≈75% of rotated variance), correlates with the medical interview (Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau over 0.8 for each domain) and it has an adequate and stable sensitivity and specificity (82 to 96%). CONCLUSIONS: This headache diary is a reliable and valid instrument and represents the most important features affecting Colombian patients with chronic daily headache.

Cefaléias primárias estão freqüentemente relacionadas à disfunção temporomandibular, sendo o aumento da sensibilidade dolorosa um achado comum nesses pacientes. Este estudo propôs investigar a sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular crônica, comparando grupos com presença ou ausência de cefaléias primárias. A disfunção temporomandibular e o tipo de cefaléia primária foram diagnosticados, respectivamente por meio dos critérios de diagnóstico para pesquisa das desordens temporomandibulares e por um questionário baseado na Classificação Internacional de Cefaléias (2004). A localização, avaliação e o agrupamento dos sítios musculares e articulares para palpação foram realizados segundo os critérios de diagnóstico para pesquisa das desordens temporomandibulares, considerando-se o temporal, masseter, articulação temporomandibular e sítios cervicais bilateralmente. A amostra foi composta por 213 (88,0 %) mulheres e 29 (12,0 %) homens, com faixa etária média de 37,41 anos. As médias do número de sítios positivos à palpação nos grupos sem cefaléia, cefaléia do tipo tensional, migrânea e cefaléia crônica diária e foram respectivamente: 12,43; 14,38; 15,21 e 15,62 (p= 0,107) (mínima 2 e máxima 22). Apenas para os sítios do músculo temporal foi detectada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos de cefaléia quanto à sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação (p= 0,007). O número de sítios dolorosos não foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos estudados e apenas o músculo temporal demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante quanto ao grau de dor à palpação.Las cefaleas están frecuentemente relacionadas con los trastornos temporomandibulares, por esta razón es común encontrar un aumento de sensibilidad al dolor en los pacientes que padecen dicha enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la sensibilidad a la palpación en pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares crónicos. Se realizó una comparación entre 2 grupos con cefalea y sin cefalea respectivamente. Los trastornos temporomandibulares y las cefaleas primarias, fueron diagnosticados mediante los criterios diagnósticos para la investigación de los trastornos temporomandibulares y por un cuestionario basado en la clasificación internacional de cefaleas en el año 2004. La localización, evaluación y agrupación de las áreas musculares y articulares para la palpación, se realizaron de acuerdo a los criterios diagnósticos para la investigación de los trastornos temporomandibulares, se tuvo en cuenta el músculo masetero, el temporal, la región cervical y la articulación temporomandibular bilateralmente. La muestra fue de 213 mujeres (88,0 %) y 29 hombres (12,0 %), con una media de edad de 37,41 años. La media del número de zonas positivas a la palpación en los grupos sin cefalea, dolor de cabeza de tipo tensional, migraña y cefalea crónica diaria fueron: 12,43; 14,38; 15,21; 15,62 y (p= 0,107) (mínimas 2 y máximas 22). Las áreas del músculo temporal demostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p= 0,007). El número de puntos dolorosos no fue estadísticamente diferente entre los grupos y solo en el músculo temporal se observó diferencias estadísticamente significativas a la palpación.The cephalalgias are frequently associated with the temporomandibular disorders being common to find an increase of pain sensitivity in these patients. Thus, the objective of present study was to assess the sensitivity to palpation in patients presenting with chronic temporomandibular disorders comparing two groups one with headache and other without it, respectively. The temporomandibular disorders and the primary cephalalgias were diagnosed according the Diagnostic Criteria for the Research of Temporomandibular Disorders and by a questionnaire based on the International Classification of the Cephalalgias (2004). Location, assessment and grouping of muscular and articular areas for palpation were carried out according to the Diagnostic Criteria for above mentioned disorders, considering bilaterally the masseter muscle, the temporalis muscle, the cervical region and the temporomandibular joint. Sample included 213 (88.0 %) of women and 29 (12.0 %) men with a mean age of 37.41 years. The mean of number of zones positive to palpation in the groups without headaches, tension headache, migraine and daily chronic headache were: 12.43, 14.38, 15.21 and 15.62 (p= 0.107) (min 2 max 22). The areas of temporalis muscle showed significant differences among groups (p= 0.007). The number of painful points was not statistically different among groups and only in the temporalis muscle there were differences with statistical significant to palpation.

OBJETIVO: estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com lesão dural intraoperatória de cirurgia da coluna vertebral lombar, conduzido por meio de um protocolo independente da extensão da lesão, complicações associadas e resultados após seguimento mínimo de um ano. MÉTODOS: um total de 10 pacientes com durotomia acidental em cirurgias de descompressão e artrodese da coluna vertebral lombar, no período de Janeiro de 2007 a Janeiro de 2009, para tratamento de doença degenerativa, tiveram seus prontuários revisados, após terem sido tratados por meio de um protocolo embasado em reparo primário da lesão, drenagem subaracnoidea fechada, subfascial e subcutânea aspirativa realizados por cirurgião experiente, associado a repouso relativo com mobilidade precoce e terapia medicamentosa. Suas anotações e exames radiológicos foram verificados com seguimento pós-operatório e direcionados para identificação de sintomas sugestivos de complicações. RESULTADOS: todos os pacientes apresentaram boa evolução, sem ocorrência de fístula liquórica ou infecção pós-operatória; três deles apresentaram cefaleia pós-operatória de leve intensidade. Não houve necessidade de reoperação em nenhum desses pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: concluiu-se que a conduta adotada é segura e de bom resultado para os pacientes quando ocorre esse tipo de lesão, independentemente da extensão da mesma.OBJETIVO: un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con lesión de la duramadre intraoperatoria de cirugía en la columna lumbar, llevada a cabo por medio de un protocolo independiente de la extensión de la lesión, complicaciones asociadas y los resultados de seguimiento después de un mínimo de un año. MÉTODOS: 10 pacientes con durotomía accidental en la descompresión quirúrgica y artrodesis de la columna vertebral lumbar, en el período de enero de 2007 a enero de 2009, para el tratamiento de enfermedades degenerativas, tuvieron sus registros revisados después de tendieren sido tratados por un protocolo basado en la reparación primaria de la lesión, subaracnoidea drenaje cerrado, aspiración subfascial y subcutánea realizada por cirujanos con experiencia, combinada con el reposo relativo, con la movilización precoz y el tratamiento farmacológico. Sus notas y las imágenes fueron verificadas con el seguimiento postoperatorio y direccionadas para la identificación de síntomas sugestivos de complicaciones. RESULTADOS: todos los pacientes tuvieron buena evolución, sin registro de pérdidas de líquido cefalorraquídeo o infección postoperatoria, tres tuvieron cefalea en el postoperatorio de intensidad leve. No hubo necesidad de reintervención en esos pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: la conducta adoptada es segura y con buen resultado para pacientes en los que este tipo de lesión se produce, independiente de la extensión de la misma.OBJECTIVE: a retrospective study of patients with spinal dural intraoperative lumbar spine surgery, conducted by means of a protocol regardless of the extent of the injury, associated complications and follow-up results after a minimum of one year. METHODS: a total of 10 patients with accidental durotomy in surgical decompression and arthrodesis of the lumbar spine during the period from January 2007 to January 2009 for treatment of degenerative disease had their records reviewed after being treated by a protocol based in primary repair of the lesion, closed subarachnoid drainage, subfascial and subcutaneous aspiration drainage performed by experienced surgeons, combined with relative rest with early mobilization and drug therapy. Their notes and imaging were verified with follow-up aimed to identify symptoms that could suggest complications. RESULTS: all patients had a good outcome, without occurrence of cerebrospinal fluid leaks or postoperative infection; three had postoperative headache of mild intensity. There was no need for reoperation in these patients. CONCLUSION: we concluded that the conduct adopted is safe and has a good outcome for patients when this type of injury occurs, regardless of its extent.

Introduction: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication following lumbar puncture. However, its incidence varies according to the series consulted. Different factors associated with its onset have been identified., Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of PDPH and to identify predisposing factors for its appearance., Method: Prospective, descriptive study in 57 patients who underwent lumbar puncture procedures. To this end, variables associated with patient-related risk factors, clinical and procedural factors with the presence of PDPH were analysed. The incidence of PDPH was 38.6% and factors associated with onset included young age and previous history of headache., Results: The incidence of PDPH was higher in women and presented greater intensity in this group, though studies with a larger sample size would need to be conducted., Conclusions: We must bear in mind the factors associated with the appearance of PDPH, which include: young age, history of headache, and the perception of procedural difficulty, to better inform patients and optimise the techniques used., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Objective: Headache is a frequent reason for consultation between primary care physicians, emergency services physicians, and neurology specialists; however, it is not always well managed. The Andalusian Society of Neurology's Headache Study Group (SANCE) aimed to analyse headache management at different levels of care., Material and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with data gathered through a retrospective survey in July 2019. Participants completed a series of structured questionnaires on different social and work-related variables from 4 different groups of healthcare professionals (primary care [PC], emergency departments, neurology departments, headache units)., Results: A total of 204 healthcare professionals completed the survey: 35 emergency department physicians, 113 PC physicians, 37 general neurologists, and 19 neurologists specialising in headache. Eighty-five percent of PC physicians reported prescribing preventive drugs, which were maintained for at least 6 months (59%), with flunarizine and amitriptyline being the most commonly used. Most patients attended at neurology consultations (65%) are referred by PC physicians, with changes in the headache pattern being the main reason for referral (74%). Healthcare professionals across all levels of care showed great interest in headache and in receiving training in headache management (97% of PC physicians, 100% of emergency services physicians, 100% of general neurologists)., Conclusions: Migraine sparks great interest among healthcare professionals from different levels of care. Our results also reveal a lack of resources for headache management, which is reflected in the long waiting times. Other means of bilateral communication between different levels of care should be explored (eg, e-mail)., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Migraine affects more than 4.5 million people in Spain, resulting in a considerable socioeconomic impact. Although national and international guidelines have been published, the management of patients with migraine, especially those with chronic migraine, is inadequate., Subjects and Methods: We conducted a survey among 40 primary care (PC) physicians in Spain as part of a European project involving 201 physicians from 5 countries., Results: Most participants issued diagnoses of episodic migraine and chronic migraine (93% vs 65%); 82.5% indicated that they did not refer these patients to specialists, and 100% of PC physicians stated that they were responsible for patient follow-up. The main tools used in PC for diagnosis and follow-up were clinical interviews, medical histories, and the patient diaries. Our data revealed that the treatments prescribed were not in accordance with the national and international guidelines. Participants who did not refer patients estimated that only 48% of patients received preventive treatment, and that the assessment of efficacy was based on patient perception. Seventy percent of respondents indicated a need for migraine training. Finally, 100% of participants considered that a guide for medical history taking and referral would be essential or useful for the management of migraine in PC., Conclusions: The survey results revealed a need for training and guidance in PC to improve the diagnosis and management of patients with migraine, particularly chronic migraine., (Copyright © 2021 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Este é um relato de experiência que teve por objetivo elaborar, implementar e avaliar um projeto de prática de cuidado de enfermagem a alunos de um curso de graduação em Enfermagem portadores de dor de cabeça. Construído a partir de uma disciplina do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem da UFSC, o projeto fundamentou-se no conceito de competência para o autocuidado de Orem, compreendido na perspectiva oriental de saúde. Foram aplicadas três estratégias de cuidado: o diário da dor, a focalização e a crânio-acupuntura, em encontros semanais mensais e em encontros individuais, por um período de dois meses. Os participantes relataram resultados de alívio da dor, descoberta de causas não-físicas para a dor e aumento do bem-estar. Foi possível constatar que as estratégias selecionadas são adequadas ao cuidado.Este es un relato de experiencia que tuvo por objetivo elaborar, implementar y avaluar un proyecto de práctica de cuidado de enfermería a alumnos de un curso de graduación en Enfermería portadores de dolor de cabeza. Construyendo a partir de una asignatura del Curso de Maestría en Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, el proyecto se fundamentó en lo concepto de competencia para el auto cuidado de Orem, comprendidos en la perspectiva oriental de salud. Fueron aplicadas tres estrategias de cuidado: el diario del dolor, la focalización y al cráneo-acupuntura, en encuentros semanales mensuales y en encuentros individuales, por un periodo de dos meses. Los participantes relataron resultados de alivio del dolor, descubierta de causas no físicas para el dolor y el aumento del bienestar. Fue posible constatar que los participantes presentan proceso individualizado de desarrollo del auto cuidado, bien como que las estrategias seleccionadas son adecuadas al cuidado.The present work is an experience report that aimed at elaborating, implementing and evaluating a project of nursing care practice to students of a Nursing graduation course, who presented headaches. Built from a subject of the Nursing Master Course of Federal University of Santa Catarina, the project was based in the concept of competence for self-care of Orem, understood through an oriental perspective of health. Three strategies of care were applied: the pain dairy, the focusing and the cranium-acupuncture, in monthly-weekly meetings and in individual meetings, for a two-month period. The participants related results of pain relief, discover of non-physical causes for pain and increase of welfare. It was possible to verify that the participants presented an individualized process of self-care development and that the strategies selected are suitable for the care.

Los aneurismas gigantes suelen manifestarse en forma de hemorragia subaracnoidea o cefalea. La presentación clínica de un aneurisma gigante intracraneal como epilepsia parcial es inusual, como lo indican los pocos casos recogidos en la literatura. Se presenta el caso de un aneurisma gigante intracraneal de arteria carótida interna derecha, que debuta con crisis focales del lóbulo temporal, manteniéndose sin otra manifestación a lo largo de años a pesar de las llamativas dimensiones.

La cefalea tipo cluster (cefalea en racimos) hace parte de un grupo de cefaleas primarias definidas por la Sociedad Internacional de Cefaleas como cefaleas trigémino autonómicas. Es una condición clínica infrecuente que puede ser confundida con otras cefaleas primarias como: hemicránea paroxística, SUNCT y neuralgia del trigémino. Existen muchas enfermedades y lesiones intracraneales que pueden simular una cefalea tipo cluster, dentro de estas causas sintomáticas, los desórdenes neurooftalmologicos deben ser parte del diagnóstico diferencial de todos los pacientes con cefalea tipo cluster like. Hacemos el reporte de un paciente con cefalea tipo cluster like y síndrome de Charles Bonnet asociado a glaucoma intermitente de ángulo cerrado.

Introducción: la punción lumbar es un procedimiento diagnóstico y terapéutico necesario para muchas enfermedades del sistema nervioso. Con base en la literatura actual, su utilidad en el servicio de urgencias de neurología no ha sido totalmente explorada. Objetivos: describir la frecuencia de la punción lumbar en el departamento de urgencias, su utilidad en el diagnóstico de enfermedades del sistema nervioso, y las características demográficas y clínicas más relevantes de los pacientes a quienes se les realizó el procedimiento. Materiales y métodos: realizamos un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se registraron prospectivamente los datos de todos los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias de Neurología del Hospital Occidente de Kennedy en Bogotá-Colombia, a quienes se les indicó punción lumbar durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2012 a julio de 2013. Resultados: se valoraron 3,161 pacientes en urgencias de neurología, y se realizaron 630 punciones lumbares (19,9%). Las principales indicaciones para realizar el procedimiento fueron: cefalea con signos de alarma (40,6%) y sospecha de neuroinfección (27,5%). El 32,2% (IC 95%: 28,5-35,8) de las punciones lumbares tuvo un resultado anormal. La utilidad de la punción lumbar disminuyó en el grupo de pacientes mayores de 65 años (24,5% n=26). Cuando se practica la punción lumbar por sospecha clínica de neuroinfección, la utilidad del procedimiento puede llegar a ser hasta del 40,46% (IC 95%: 33,1- 48,1). El antecedente de VIH tiene una asociación significativa para tener una punción lumbar anormal (p

Introducción: conocer la prevalencia de algunos trastornos menores de salud (TMS) en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona (2004-05). Material y métodos: El estudio se realizó en las facultades de Ciencias Económicas, Farmacia, Medicina, Psicología y Químicas y Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Barcelona. Se empleó un diseño observacional, descriptivo y transversal mediante un cuestionario mixto administrada a 600 estudiantes durante el mes de diciembre de 2004. Las variables estudiadas corresponden a los siguientes TMS: insomnio, estreñimiento, cefalea, dolor osteomuscular, tics nerviosos, onicofagia y tricotilomania. Resultados: El sexo femenino representa el 64% de la muestra; la media de edad de los encuestados es de 22,7 (DE: 3,27; IC 95%: 22,43-22,96). Las mujeres acumulan el 67,79% de los 1.245 TMS identificados. Por sexo, se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las prevalencias de cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania que afectan en mayor medida al sexo femenino. La onicofagia (264; 21,20%; IC 95%: 18-24,4) es el más extendido de los TMS, seguido de la cefalea (233; 18,72%; IC 95%: 15,6-21,84). los estudiantes de Psicología presentan el mayor número, seguidos de los de Ciencias Económicas; los que presentan un menor número son los de Farmacia y Químicas. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino presenta la mayor prevalencia de TMS. La onicofagia y la cefalea son los principales TMS identificados en la muestra. Los estudiantes de Psicología acumulan el mayor número de TMS, siendo los que presentan más cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania.Background: To determine the prevalence of certain minor health disorders (MHD) in a sample of students from the University of Barcelona (2004-05). Methods: The study was carried out in the faculties of Economic Sciences, Pharmacy, Medicine, Psychology and Chemistry, and in the School of Nursing, all of the University of Barcelona. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional design was used and involved the administration of a mixed questionnaire to 600 students during December 2004. The studied variables correspond to the following MHD: insomnia, constipation, headache, bone and muscle pain, nervous tics, onychophagia and trichotillomania. Results: 64% of the sample was female and the mean age of interviewees was 22.7 (SD: 3.27; CI 95%: 22.43-22.96). Women accounted for 67.79% of the 1,245 MHD identified. There were significant sex differences in the prevalence of bone and muscle pain and trichotillomania, which mostly affected females. Onychophagia (264; 21.20%; CI 95%: 18-24.4) was the most common MHD, followed by headache (233; 18.72%; CI 95%: 15.6-21.84). Psychology students reported the highest number of MHD, followed by those from Economic Sciences; the smallest percentages were presented by students from Pharmacy and Chemistry. Conclusions: MHD are most prevalent among women. Onychophagia and headache were the main MHD identified in the sample. Psychology students report the largest number of MHD, the most common being migraine, bone and muscle pain and trichotillomania.

Objectives: To determine the frequency and to describe the characteristics of self-prescription in patients with headache attending a primary care center in Lambayeque. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a systematic sampling method performed in patients attending a primary care center for headache. A survey validated by experts was used. Results: 348 patients were evaluated; mean age was 59.9 ± 14.5 years; 308/348 (88.5%) were females; 283/348 (81.3%) were from Chiclayo; 158/348 (45.4%) had history of migraine. Frequency of self-prescription was 256/348 (73.5%); 34.7% did it two weeks per month; 67.9% did it 1-2 days per week. In 80% of participants, the duration of headache was less than 6 hours; 69% took pills; the most commonly used medication was paracetamol (174/256: 67.96%). The most common reason for not requesting a medical consultation was "I know what physicians prescribe" in 33.6%. No association between socio-demographic data and self-prescription was found. Self-prescription was higher among patients who attended the center for the first time (p<0.001). Patients who self-prescribed had fewer weeks per month and days per week with headache. Conclusions: The frequency of selfprescription is high. Patients do not seek for medical evaluation because they know what they will be prescribed. Those who self-prescribed had less time with headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Headache is a problem that commonly afflicts the pediatric population. Migraine, in particular, shows a substantial adverse impact on the child's life and on the child's family. Therefore, it is of the upmost importance to utilize a valid, reliable and widespread classification system with the goal of making thoughtful diagnoses with complete assessments of the underlying biological mechanisms of the pathology, as well as sharing risk factor profiles, evaluating patient clinical course and patient response to treatment. This publication takes into account the most recent published classification proposals included in the 2013 journal of headache, ICHD-III beta. Diagnosis of headache is mainly based on clinical criteria set out by the International Headache Society (IHS), which takes into account the presence and identification of secondary causes, which in turn can be determined through the systematic process of patient history and physical examination. Furthermore, it is crucial to keep in mind during evaluation that headache has a high number of associated comorbidities, including various psychiatric, neurological and cardiovascular disorders that must be discarded. In addition it is important to note that the pathophysiology of migraine is still controversial, and that 70% of cases have an identifiable and preventable precipitating factor, making a patient's diary a useful and objective tool to determine frequency and precipitating factors of events. Finally, it is essential to individualize medical treatment to ensure lasting and significant results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the case of a Mexican male patient, 66 years old, diabetic long standing, with substitution of renal function by hemodialysis, with persistent headache associated with nausea and feeling weak, without response to conventional analgesics. Cranial tomography evidenced brain imaging suggestive of cysticerci, which was confirmed by immunological test. Patient was treated with praziquantel and albendazol for two weeks whit symptoms disappearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is one of the greatest injuries that can suffer any individual. It is defined as the occupation or invasion by blood of the subarachnoid space, in which normally circulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or an intracranial haemorrhage that extends into this space. This review is aimed to summarize the current knowledge on this entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neurocysticercosis is still a common problem in countries living the epidemiological transition towards development. Case report: Herein is presented the case of a 66-year-old Mexican male, with long-standing diabetes, under hemodialysis, with persistent headache associated with nausea and fatigue, without response to conventional analgesics, cranial tomography exhibited findings suggestive of cysticerci, which is confirmed by immunological tests. The patient was treated with praziquantel and albendazol for 2 weeks, showing complete response and remission of symptoms. Conclusion: Neurocysticercosis should be suspected in endemic countries, especially in immunocompromised individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]