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In der Legende der Abb. 1 des Originalbeitrags wurde die Abkurzung „TMVR“ falsch aufgelost. Richtig muss es heisen: „TMVR kathetergestutzte Mitralklappenrekonstruktion“. Nachfolgend finden Sie die Abbildung mit der korrekten Legende. Wir bitten, diesen Fehler zu entschuldigen und die korrigierte …

Homogeneous layer formation on textured silicon substrates is essential for the fabrication of highly efficient monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells. From all well-known techniques for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the evaporation method offers the highest degree of freedom for layer-by-layer deposition independent of the substrate's roughness or texturing. Hole-transporting polymers with high hole mobility and structural stability have been used as effective hole-transporting materials (HTMs) of PSCs. However, the strong intermolecular interactions of the polymers do not allow for a layer formation via the evaporation method, which is a big challenge for the perovskite community. Herein, we first applied a hole-transporting terthiophene polymer (PTTh) as an HTM for evaporated PSCs via an in situ vapor-phase polymerization using iodine (I

Background. Little research has been conducted to explore the postoperative outcomes of obese patients after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF-TAVR). Objective. We investigated the influence of body mass index (BMI) on 1-year outcomes after TF-TAVR. Methods. We included retrospectively 1609 high- and intermediate-risk TAVR patients (mean EuroSCORE II 21 ± 11) operated under general anesthesia between March 2014 and March 2018 in central hospital, Bad Berka, Germany. We stratified the patients according to BMI. Results. Our demographic data analysis showed 41% of patients were male and the mean age was 78 (range, 61–92 years). According to the WHO classification, 33% patients had normal weight, 42% were defined as overweight, and 22% were obese. Obese patients showed statistically significant difference in their clinical parameters as having higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; on the contrary, obese patients were found to be younger than others. We found no differences in valve types and sizes among the different BMI categories. Our mortality rate during the 1-year follow-up period was 17.8% (287 patients). Mortality was significantly higher in patients with BMI 2 (1 year mortality 149 patients 28.2% in patients with BMI 2 vs. 138 patients 12.6% in patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; P=0.0001). Even after considering the confounding risk factors, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was independently associated with reduced 1 year mortality (odds ratio (OR): 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21–0.6; P=0.01) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The rate of vascular complication was higher in patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. However, the rate of blood transfusion was higher in patients with BMI 2. All other serious complications occurred with equal distribution in both groups. Conclusion. In our single-center study, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was independently associated with lower 1 year mortality after TF-TAVR.

A novel H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was detected in a greater white-fronted goose in January 2020 in Brandenburg, Germany, and, in February 2020, in domestic chickens belonging to a smallholding in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. Full-genome sequencing was conducted on the MinION platform, enabling further phylogenetic analyses. The virus of clade 2.3.4.4b holds six segments from a Eurasian/Asian/African HPAIV H5N8 reassortant and two segments from low pathogenic avian influenza H3N8 subtype viruses recently detected in wild birds in Central Russia. These new entries continue to show the reassortment potential of the clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses, underlining the necessity for full-genome sequencing and continuous surveillance.

Recently, hybrid processing using evaporation and spin-coating has been applied for the fabrication of perovskite silicon tandem solar cells with record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.2%. To achieve large area, high-throughput production of solar cells, spray-coating, a well-known scalable method used in the industry, has advantages over spin-coating. Therefore, we apply a hybrid method using the evaporation of PbI2 and spraying of methylammonium iodide (MAI) for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells. This article presents a systematic study of sprayed MAI amount and processing parameters on the performance of solar cells. We find clear correlations between the processing parameters of the sprayed MAI, the crystallinity of CH3NH3PbI3 and the PCE of the resulting PSCs. High crystallinity and morphology of the CH3NH3PbI3 film is achieved using a slow nozzle speed of 30 mm·s−1. An average PCE of 11.6% ± 3.1% (maximum PCE of 14.3%, stabilized PCE of 10%) was achieved with a normalized MAI amount of 3.4, which represent the flow rate of 0.17 ml·min−1, nozzle speed of 30 mm·s−1, MAI concentration of 9 mg·mL−1, and one single spray pass. Moreover, we successfully show a proof-of-concept of this method for the deposition of homogenous perovskite layers on pyramidal textured silicon.

Background Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is being established as an alternative option for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with high bleeding risk. Few studies reported the influence of percutaneous LAAC on left atrial (LA) performance, but most of the studies demonstrated no remarkable changes in their parameters after the procedure. Method The study included 95 patients (age: 75±6.7 years, 67% male) whom underwent percutaneous LAAC in a single center between September 2012 and November 2018. LA strain was evaluated at three different time intervals by transesophageal echocardiography (baseline, 45 days and 180 days after procedure). All data were analyzed using a dedicated. 70 patients had atrial fibrillation whereas 25 were in sinus rhythm. Analysis was performed for peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and peak atrial contraction strain (PACS) from segment of lateral wall in mid-esophageal 4 chamber view. The validity of lateral wall left atrial analysis was recently shown by our group. PACS was obtained in patients with sinus rhythm during exams. Results Compared to baseline, PALS was significantly increased after 45 days (12.4±8.4% vs 16.0±10.7%, p=0.001) and remained stable after 180 days (13.8±9.0% vs 17.0±12.4%, p=0.098). Even in only patients with atrial fibrillation during exams, it was increased (10.8±7.7% vs 13.4±7.1%, p=0.012 and 8.5±5.1% vs 13.9±8.1%, p=0.014). Similarly, compared with the baseline, PACS was significantly increased after 45 days and 180 days (5.8±3.9% vs 10.6±7.6%, p=0.001 and 4.5±2.6% vs 7.9±3.1%, p=0.036). The Changes in PALS and PACS Conclusion Our study has demonstrated for the first time the improvement in LA strain following LAAC within 45 days of implantation by transesophageal echocardiography and these values were maintained at least for 6 months. Further appraisal is warranted for confirmation of these preliminary findings.

Background Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (VA-ECMO) is increasingly used for treatment of severe cardiogenic shock, although it causes an increase in left ventricular (LV) afterload and might therefore hamper myocardial recovery. Recently, the addition of catheter-based left ventricular assist device (cLVAD) on top of VA-ECMO has been used to unload the LV and to improve outcome measures. However, there is limited data on predictors of outcome in this high-risk population. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate predictors of 30-day survival in a multicentre cohort of severe cardiogenic shock patients treated with cLVADon top of VA-ECMO. Material and methods We report on consecutive patients from six tertiary care centers being treated with cLVAD in addition to VA-ECMO for treatment of cardiogenic shock. The primary endpoint is 30-day all-cause mortality. To identify predictors of the primary endpoint, multivariate analysis using an “elastic net” variable selection algorithm was done after imputation of missing variables. Results A total of 220 patients treated with cLVAD on top of VA-ECMO were included in the analysis. Of these, 79.1% were male with a median age of 55.5 (25thpercentile 48.0, 75thpercentile 65.6) years. In 60.5% of the patients, acute myocardial infarction was the underlying cause of cardiogenic shock and in 44.6% VA-ECMO was used for refractory cardiac arrest (eCPR). In the multivariable analysis, the following baseline parameters were significantly associated with the primary endpoint: Age (odds ratio of 1.68 per standard deviation), duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR 2.08 per SD), lactate (OR 1.04 per SD) and time from onset of shock to VA-ECMO (OR 1.30 per SD). Conclusion and outlook In this large-scale multicentre analysis of severe cardiogenic shock patients treated with VA-ECMO plus additional cLVAD unloading, age, duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, lactate and time from onset of shock to VA-ECMO were significantly associated with 30-day all-cause mortality. To further investigate this topic, we will evaluate predictors of outcome in distinct patient populations such as acute myocardial infarction vs. acute heart failure and patients without vs. patients with prior cardiopulmonary association.

The solid electrolyte interface (SEI) forms from electrolyte decomposition during the initial discharge of half-cell batteries and is affected by the presence of electrolyte additives. Breaking down the initial discharge into stages, defined by voltage cut offs, can help discover the role of additives in SEI growth. In this study, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is used to analyze the SEI formed on electrodeposited, binder free Cu2Sb thin films in sodium ion half-cell batteries. The presence of fluoro-ethylene carbonate (FEC), an electrolyte additive known to enhance battery lifetime, has a significant effect on the carbon 1s XPS spectra. The concentration of oxygenated carbon environments are dramatically decreased when FEC is added to the system. These environments were present in samples without FEC before significant electrochemistry was observed, potentially displaying the reactivity of sodium metal with conventional carbonate electrolytes to form the initial components of the SEI before the battery is cycled. The differences observed when FEC is added are likely the chemical environments of the SEI that have the dramatic effect on battery performance. Interestingly, these results suggest that the critical aspects of SEI formation are determined before the active material is sodiated, with FEC playing an integral role.

Die Indikation zur bariatrischen oder metabolischen Chirurgie ist in erster Linie an den Body-Mass-Index (BMI) gekoppelt. Neuere Studienergebnisse zeigen jedoch, dass der metabolische Erfolg operativer Masnahmen von anderen Pradiktoren abhangig ist. Daher ist eine Veranderung der Indikationsgrundlage insbesondere fur die chirurgische Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 notwendig. Die Nachsorge ist ein relevanter Aspekt fur den Langzeitverlauf und Pravention von Hypovitaminosen.

Low electrode impedance paired with low catalyst loading in intermediate and low temperature fuel cells is extremely difficult to achieve, posing a major obstacle to commercialization. Here we demonstrate a scalable and facile route to obtain nanostructured composite solid acid fuel cell electrodes consisting of Pt decorated carbon nanotubes and CsH2PO4 microparticles as the electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance measurements in humidified hydrogen at 240 °C show very low 0.05 Ω cm2 area normalized electrode resistance, with a Pt loading of only 0.41 mgPt cm−2. This is a reduction of the Pt loading by more than one order of magnitude paired with even lower electrode impedance values compared to the current state-of-the-art in literature. Fuel-cell measurements show remarkably stable electrode performance over a 17 h period with a final degradation rate of 0.1% h−1.

Usutu virus (USUV) is an arbovirus within the genus flavivirus, which was first introduced to Southern Europe approximately twenty years ago causing epizootics among wild and captive birds. In Germany USUV was initially discovered in wild birds, mainly Common blackbirds (Turdus merula), in the Upper Rhine valley in southwest of the country in 2011 and has not spread much northwards since. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the still ongoing USUV epidemic is caused by two different USUV strains, USUV-Germany belonging to the USUV Europe 3 lineage and USUV-Bonn belonging to the USUV Africa 3 lineage. The two strains were introduced independently. In August 2015 a new USUV strain, named USUV-Berlin, was isolated in Vero cells from two carcasses of juvenile Great grey owls (Strix nebulosa) kept in the Zoological Garden Berlin, which had suffered from a hyperacute fatal systemic infection. Both owls carried high USUV genome loads. Full-length USUV genomes sequences were determined and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship with a Spanish mosquito-derived sequence from 2006. Immunohistochemical antigen detection in organ samples of the owls showed the typical USUV infection patterns. According to the phylogenetic analysis, USUV-Berlin belongs to the Africa 2 lineage, and can thus be distinguished from the other strains circulating in Germany. Repeated findings of different USUV strains suggest more frequent introductions into Central Europe and a higher mobility of this virus than assumed to date.

We report on a soldier with a gunshot wound to the midfoot. The diaphysis of MT 5 was pounded to pieces and there was a fracture in the diaphysis of MT 4. After debridement and fixation of MT 4 and MT 5 to MT 2 and 3 via two Kirschner wires we conducted a second look procedure with reconstruction of MT 5 via a piece of iliac crest. After eight weeks of unloading and removal of the last wire we started to put successively heavier weight on the foot.

SUMMARYIn Germany tularemia is a re-emerging zoonotic disease. Therefore, we investigated wild animals and environmental water samples for the presence and phylogenetic diversity of Francisella tularensis in the poorly studied Berlin/Brandenburg region. The phylogenomic analysis of three isolates from wild animals revealed three new subclades within the phylogenetic tree of F. tularensis [B.71 from a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides); B.74 from a red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and B.75 from a Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber albicus)]. The results from histological, PCR, and genomic investigations on the dead beaver showed that the animal suffered from a systemic infection. Indications were found that the bacteria were released from the beaver carcass into the surrounding environment. We demonstrated unexpectedly high and novel phylogenetic diversity of F. tularensis in Germany and the fact that the bacteria persist in the environment for at least one climatic season. These findings support a broader host species diversity than previously known regarding Germany. Our data further support the assumption derived from previous serological studies of an underestimated frequency of occurrence of the pathogen in the environment and in wild animals. F. tularensis was isolated from animal species not previously reported as natural hosts in Germany.

Encephalitis can be caused by several infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. In many cases, the causative agent cannot be identified, because the pathogens are unknown or detection methods are not routinely available. In our case, a 15-month-old cow developed central nervous disorders and died within 6 days after the onset of clinical signs. The histopathology revealed an acute encephalitis, predominantly in the brain stem, and a ganglionitis of the trigeminal ganglion with massive neuronal necroses in both the brain and the ganglion. However, a relevant panel of bacterial and viral infections of cattle could be routinely excluded. Therefore, a brain sample from the cow was analysed using a metagenomics approach with next-generation sequencing. A novel bovine astrovirus (BoAstV-BH89/14) could be identified using the analysis pipeline RIEMS, and the finding could be confirmed with a specific BoAstV RT-qPCR. The genome of the bovine astrovirus (BoAstV), belonging to the family Astroviridae in the genus Mamastrovirus, has a length of 6478 bp. Sequence identities between 71% to a sheep astrovirus and 69% to two recently described bovine astroviruses from the USA and Switzerland were ascertained. The latter were also connected to encephalitis cases in cattle. Like these, the new virus described here was detected in different brain sections using the specific BoAstV RT-qPCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization. In conclusion, while astroviruses so far were mainly found in relation to gastroenteritis in animals and humans, recently detected astrovirus infections were also related to encephalitis.

The reaction of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-3,5-diamine with 2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethanol or 2,2,2-trinitroethanol was studied. Only the 3-amino group was found to be reactive and underwent efficient Mannich-type condensation with 2,2,2-trinitroethanol, while only trace amounts of product from condensation with 2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethanol were formed. N 3 -(2,2,2-Trinitroethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3,5-diamine was fully characterized, and its crystal structure and explosive sensitivity properties were determined. Calculated performance properties show that the product is a promising RDX-like material with a higher oxidizing potential.

As Li-ion batteries continue to improve in all metrics, new markets are now opening to portable energy. However, the fundamental challenges are still the same: how do we improve how much energy a particular material can store, how quickly it can charge and discharge safely, while enabling effective communication between all components of a particular cell? It is not sufficient to simply discover and improve new materials, we have to also consider the development of efficient, manufacturable architectures that enable the best performance for a particular material. We are working to incorporate high surface area structures of novel anode materials into a 3D interdigitated solid-state battery architecture. The significant advantage to this architecture is that the diffusion length for Li+between the cathode and anode will be dramatically reduced, which should lead to much faster charging rates. The structure and composition of the anode is critical to the energy density, power density, cycle life, and safety of the overall battery. I will discuss electrodeposited M-Sb (where M = Ni, Cu, Zn) thin films and high surface area structures that have been investigated as alloy anodes for Li-ion batteries to elucidate the effects of both the film composition and substrate interactions on cycling stability and lifetime. The results discussed will demonstrate that important composition and substrate factors for anode cycling performance are being developed that are likely applicable to other systems. A key theme in this work is how to develop materials architectures that not only have attractive properties for the chosen application (energy storage), but that are also ideally suited to elucidating and understanding degradation mechanisms for high energy density materials. I will also discuss my opinions on the need for integrating a big-picture view of manufacturability for applied materials research, as well as the challenges and opportunities in moving research and development from an academic lab into the marketplace.

Most efficient perovskite solar cells are synthesized by the one-step spin coating method. However, when applied on µm-sized textures, e.g. for efficient monolithic perovskite silicon tandems, no conformal film formation is achieved. In this respect, we investigate hybrid evaporation/ spin coating for mixed cation mixed halide perovskite absorbers [HC(NH2)2]0.83Cs0.17Pb(I1-xBrx)3 (x = 0–0.28). By control of the 2nd deposition step, we demonstrate systematic band gap tuning from 1.54 to 1.75 eV. Moreover, critical criteria for synthesis and underlying charge transport materials (CTM) are determined by investigation of planar as well as scaffolded electron transport layers. Regarding the applicability on textures, the tandem-relevant 1.7 eV high band gap absorber is deposited on planar, pyramidal, and spiky black silicon to investigate crystallization and layer formation dependent on the substrate's topography. We recommend the presented hybrid method for realization of dense crystalline perovskite films with flat surface, deposition on planar CTM, and textured Si-based tandems with random pyramids.

Monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells can overcome the theoretical efficiency limit of silicon solar cells. This requires an optimum bandgap, high quantum efficiency, and high stability of the perovskite. Herein, a silicon heterojunction bottom cell is combined with a perovskite top cell, with an optimum bandgap of 1.68 amp; 8201;eV in planar p i n tandem configuration. A methylammonium free FA0.75Cs0.25Pb I0.8Br0.2 3 perovskite with high Cs content is investigated for improved stability. A 10 molarity increase to 1.1 amp; 8201;m of the perovskite precursor solution results in amp; 8776;75 amp; 8201;nm thicker absorber layers and 0.7 amp; 8201;mA amp; 8201;cm amp; 8722;2 higher short circuit current density. With the optimized absorber, tandem devices reach a high fill factor of 80 and up to 25.1 certified efficiency. The unencapsulated tandem device shows an efficiency improvement of 2.3 absolute over 5 amp; 8201;months, showing the robustness of the absorber against degradation. Moreover, a photoluminescence quantum yield analysis reveals that with adapted charge transport materials and surface passivation, along with improved antireflection measures, the high bandgap perovskite absorber has the potential for 30 tandem efficiency in the near future

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference : Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements, 7ICONFBMP, THESSALONIQUE, GRECE, 12-/06/2019 - 14/06/2019; The test methods for four scuffing devices had been written up as technical specification PR CEN/TS 12697-50, Resistance to scuffing, which was reviewed by the DRaT project, under CEDR Call 2014: Asset Management and Maintenance. Existing knowledge on scuffing was reviewed and a round robin testing programme was undertaken with four replicate samples of three variations each of three mixture types. A statistical analysis found that results from the different devices could not be accurately correlated, either for specific asphalt mixture types or overall, nor could specific designs of scuffing equipment be identified as be-ing best for identifying the scuffing-resistance of asphalt mixtures. Nevertheless, enhancements to PR CEN/TS 2697-50:2016 were identified that can be made to make a better and more unified document without rejecting any of the designs of scuffing apparatus. A copy of the revised version of the standard was given in the final report.

Gold nanoparticles were electrodeposited on carbon non-woven substrates from an acidic, alkaline free HAuCl4 electrolyte. The electrochemical behavior of the electrolyte was characterized by potentiostatic experiments. The deposition of the gold nanoparticles was performed by pulse plating, where the particles size distribution and surface coverage are adjusted by variation of the pulse parameters. A homogeneous surface coverage of 2.3% with a mean diameter of the gold nanoparticles of about 54 nm is obtained. The electroplating process is scaled up to a substrate size of 150 cm2. The gold nanoparticles are used as catalytic nuclei for the growth of Si nanowires by vapor liquid solid mechanism. Finally, the basic applicability of these Si nanowire arrays as highly loaded anode for lithium ion batteries is demonstrated. The various reactions during (de)lithiation and their contribution to the anode capacity are identified, and performance features are exemplarily determined by half-cell tests of such a typical anode.

Submicron aerosol was measured to the southwest of Houston, Texas, during winter and summer 2014 to investigate its seasonal variability. Data from a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) indicated that organic aerosol (OA) was the largest component of nonrefractory submicron particulate matter (NR-PM1) (on average, 38 % ± 13 % and 47 % ± 18 % of the NR-PM1 mass loading in winter and summer, respectively). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the OA mass spectra demonstrated that two classes of oxygenated OA (less- and more-oxidized OOA, LO and MO) together dominated OA mass in summer (77 %) and accounted for 39 % of OA mass in winter. The fraction of LO-OOA (out of total OOA) is higher in summer (70 %) than in winter (44 %). Secondary aerosols (sulfate + nitrate + ammonium + OOA) accounted for ∼76 % and 88 % of NR-PM1 mass in winter and summer, respectively, indicating NR-PM1 mass was driven mostly by secondary aerosol formation regardless of the season. The mass loadings and diurnal patterns of these secondary aerosols show a clear winter–summer contrast. Organic nitrate (ON) concentrations were estimated using the NOx+ ratio method, with contributions of 31 %–66 % and 9 %–17 % to OA during winter and summer, respectively. The estimated ON in summer strongly correlated with LO-OOA (r=0.73) and was enhanced at nighttime. The relative importance of aqueous-phase chemistry and photochemistry in processing OOA was investigated by examining the relationship of aerosol liquid water content (LWC) and the sum of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (Ox = O3+NO2) with LO-OOA and MO-OOA. The processing mechanism of LO-OOA apparently was related to relative humidity (RH). In periods of RH < 80 %, aqueous-phase chemistry likely played an important role in the formation of wintertime LO-OOA, whereas photochemistry promoted the formation of summertime LO-OOA. For periods of high RH > 80 %, these effects were opposite those of low-RH periods. Both photochemistry and aqueous-phase processing appear to facilitate increases in MO-OOA concentration except during periods of high LWC, which is likely a result of wet removal during periods of light rain or a negative impact on its formation rate. The nighttime increases in MO-OOA during winter and summer were 0.013 and 0.01 µg MO-OOA per µg of LWC, respectively. The increase in LO-OOA was larger than that for MO-OOA, with increase rates of 0.033 and 0.055 µg LO-OOA per µg of LWC at night during winter and summer, respectively. On average, the mass concentration of LO-OOA in summer was elevated by nearly 1.2 µg m−3 for a ∼20 µg change in LWC, which was accompanied by a 40 ppb change in Ox.

The synthesis of room temperature liquid azidomethyl-dinitroxydimethyl-nitromethane (AMDNNM, 5) in 57% overall yield and its formulation with nitrocellulose (AMDNNM/NC) are described. The small-scale explosive sensitivity of neat AMDNNM was determined to be slightly more sensitive than PETN, whereas AMDNNM/NC is significantly less sensitive. Both neat AMDNNM and AMDNNM/NC have thermal stabilities similar to that of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). The explosive and chemical properties of this novel material make it a good candidate for an energetic plasticizer.

Wehrmedizinische und einsatzchirurgische Forschung ist ein breites Feld, das im vergangenen Jahrzehnt international stark an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Im Kontext zunehmender Einsatze der NATO gilt dies auch fur die Bundeswehr. Hier muss die Forschung bei chirurgisch tatigen Sanitatsoffizieren im Spannungsfeld zwischen Klinik, Einsatz, zivilem und familiarem Umfeld bestehen. Zur Evaluation des Forschungsengagements und -interesses wurde durch die neugegrundete Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Chirurgische Forschung der Bundeswehr“ als Teil der ARCHIS (Arbeitskreis Chirurgisch tatiger Sanitatsoffiziere) ein Fragebogen unter den Arzten der chirurgischen Abteilungen der Bundeswehrkrankenhauser verbreitet. Von Oktober 2013 bis Januar 2014 wurde die Befragung durchgefuhrt und deskriptiv statistisch ausgewertet. Von insgesamt 193 antworteten 87 Sanitatsoffiziere (45 %). 81 % gaben an, generell Interesse an Forschung zu haben. Das Interesse an klinischen Fragestellungen war groser als das an experimentellen. Zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung forschten 32 % der Befragten. 53 % sahen Schwierigkeiten darin, neben ihrer klinischen Tatigkeit Zeit fur Forschungsaktivitaten aufzubringen. Als Schlussel zu mehr Forschungsengagement wurden u. a. die Implementierung von Forschungskoordinatoren, aber auch zeitliche Freiraume z. B. durch Forschungsrotationen genannt. Forschung nimmt unter den chirurgisch tatigen Sanitatsoffizieren einen festen Stellenwert im Berufsalltag ein, erfolgt aber in einem durch Zeit und Strukturfaktoren eingeschranktem Umfang. Auf Abteilungsebene und durch Fuhrungsstrukturen des Sanitatsdienstes sollten in Zukunft weitere Anstrengungen unternommen werden, das chirurgische Forschungsengagement bewusst zu starken. Diese Evaluation sollte in den kommenden Jahren wiederholt und auch im internationalen Kontext verglichen werden.

Einleitung: Das Thema „interprofessionelle bzw. interdisziplinare Zusammenarbeit“ der verschiedenen Professionen in den Gesundheitsberufen ist in den gesetzlichen Vorschriften zur jeweiligen Ausbildung verankert. Dieser Ausbildungsauftrag ist in den jetzigen Curricula nicht oder nur ansatzweise umgesetzt. Am Universitatsklinikum Jena wurde ein neues konstruktivistisch gepragtes Lehrkonzept zur Vermittlung von interprofessioneller Kompetenz am Beispiel der Mobilisation in der Fruhrehabilitation entwickelt. Methode: Das Lehrkonzept besteht aus 4 Schritten: (1) Aktivierung und Komplementierung des Vorwissens zur Schaffung einer gemeinsamen Basis an Wissen (Krankheitsbilder, Behandlungsgrundlagen, Berufskunde, Kommunikation), (2) Durchfuhrung und Videoaufzeichnung einer Lernerfahrungsubung: Kontrolliertes Erleben einer interprofessionellen beruflichen Situation (=Lerngelegenheit) in einem Rollenspiel mit Perspektivwechsel, (3) strukturierte Reflexion des eigenen Handelns auf Basis der Videoaufzeichnung des Rollenspiels, (4) bewusster Transfer dieser Reflexion in das eigene tagliche berufliche Handeln. Basierend auf diesem Konzept wurde ein Unterrichtsseminar entwickelt. Das Kernelement des innovativen Lehrkonzepts ist ein neues didaktisches Tool: das interprofessionelle Rollenspiel mit „videobasierter Selbstreflexion“. Die Teilnehmer wurden in Kleingruppen eingeteilt, um ein Video zu einer Beispielsituation zu erstellen und dieses im Anschluss im Hinblick auf ihre personliche Behandlungs- bzw. Lernsituation zu reflektieren. Der Erfahrungs- und Erkenntniszuwachs wurde sowohl schriftlich als auch mundlich evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Das interprofessionelle Unterrichtsseminar wurde 3-malig in ersten Durchgang durchgefuhrt (Auszubildende fur Physiotherapie sowie Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege). Die Veranstaltungen wurden durch die Teilnehmer positiv evaluiert. Sie berichteten uber einen hohen personlichen Erfahrungs- und Erkenntnisgewinn durch den Einsatz des neuen Tools „videobasierte Selbstreflexion“. Schlussfolgerung: Der konstruktivistische Lehransatz mit dem Einsatz eines Rollenspiels und nachfolgender videobasierter Reflexion ermoglichte den Teilnehmern eine personliche Lernerfahrung mit einem hohen subjektiv erlebten Erfahrungs- und Erkenntnisgewinn. Es fehlen jedoch noch geeignete Messinstrumente um diesen Lernerfolg besser zu quantifizieren.

Schulerinnen und Schuler, die schulabsent sind und pflegende Tatigkeiten fur psychisch oder physisch erkrankte Angehorige ubernehmen, sind in Deutschland und der Schweiz eine bisher wenig beachtete Zielgruppe in Forschung und Praxis. Erfahrungen aus anderen Landern zeigen, dass eine interdisziplinare Zusammenarbeit unter Einbezug der gesamten Familie bedeutsam ist, um negativen Auswirkungen fur die Betroffenen entgegenzuwirken. Dieser als ‚whole family approach‘ bezeichnete Grundgedanke ist heute das dominierende Paradigma in der Unterstutzung pflegender Kinder, Jugendlicher und ihrer Familien. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird der Nutzen dieses Paradigmas fur die Zielgruppe diskutiert. Es wird geschlussfolgert, dass einhergehend mit dem Paradigma eine effektive gesamtfamiliale Unterstutzung moglich ist und schulischen Problematiken der Kinder und Jugendlichen, wie schulabsentes Verhalten, entgegenwirkt werden kann. Voraussetzung fur die effektive Unterstutzung ist eine Sensibilisierung von Fachkraften des Bildungs-, Gesundheits- und Sozialwesens fur die haufig unsichtbare Zielgruppe in Deutschland und der Schweiz. Neben breiter Offentlichkeitsarbeit mussen dazu auch die Forschungsaktivitaten in beiden Landern ausgebaut werden.

In discussions of inclusion and exclusion, one often-neglected group at high risk of exclusion is that of school absentees. Researchers and the public normally focus on truants and school refusers, whereas students absent from school to take care of family members, or young carers, have received little attention so far. Because of the multicausal factors and extensive impacts of the phenomenon, research on both school absentees and young carers suggests a need for interdisciplinary approaches. Yet, these approaches for support do not always succeed. This study investigated the interdisciplinary cooperation of those professionals in education, social work, and health care who work with young carers absent from school. It identified both barriers to and facilitators of this important cooperation. The aim is to create better support for the inclusion of this unnoticed group and to increase awareness of their situation among the professionals working with them.

In Xi'an, a city that frequently experiences serious PM pollution in northern China, 1476 PM

The most efficient organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) contain the conventional n-i-p mesoscopic device architecture using a semiconducting TiO

Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells can overcome the efficiency limit of single junction solar cells. For an optimized optical performance, we propose a 2-terminal device featuring a front-side anti-reflection structure, optimized layer thicknesses, a meso-porous scaffold for the perovskite solar cell and a rear-side light-trapping structure for the silicon solar cell. To maintain the functionality of the underlying layers, we have developed a low-temperature process to realize a meso-porous TiO 2 scaffold via ultra-violet (UV) curing. With perovskite solar cell efficiencies >;150/0, we achieve results comparable to our conventional high-temperature (>; 500°C) route. For the optical optimization of the complex tandem device with elements of different feature sizes, we apply a matrix-based formalism and show how layer thickness optimization and the rear-side light trapping can significantly improve the current of the tandem device.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare disorder caused by drug-induced dopamine-receptor-blockage or low dopamine concentration in the brain. It is a severe reaction to neuroleptic drugs in antipsychotic therapy. Symptoms in NMS typically consist of fever, muscle rigidity and cognitive changes; laboratory findings include elevated infectious disease markers and creatine kinase as well as signs of rhabdomyolysis. To differentiate NMS from other malignant hyperthermia syndromes identifying the offending drug and clinical history are essential. Therapy in NMS includes withdrawal of the causative medication and intensive care treatment possibly with administration of dantrolene.In this case report, we describe the clinical course of a 48 year old man who developed typical clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters of malignant hyperthermia syndrome after injection of haloperidol.

The aim of the work was to investigate whether continuation of treatment, side effects, and effect on weight loss of GLP-1 agonists in obese patients without diabetes are equally promising in daily clinical-practice-settings compared to controlled clinical trials. Obese patients without diabetes of our interdisciplinary obesity centre were treated off-label with GLP-1-agonists for different time periods. Application was started with low-dose and increased if side effects were tolerable. Monthly costs were € 125 for daily applications of 1.2 mg liraglutide or 10 μg exenatide twice daily. Data were obtained by telephone interviews about baseline characteristics, weight loss, sensation of satiation, duration of therapy, side effects, and reasons for discontinuation. Of 43 included cases (5 males, mean age 43±11 years, mean weight 107±24 kg, mean excess weight 35±21 kg) 7 were treated with exenatide and 36 with liraglutide. Excess weight loss in linear regression models was 6.7% per month (p0.05) under control of age, sex, initial weight, and type of GLP-1 analogue treatment and did not significantly differ between liraglutide and exenatide. Overall, 58% of patients reported side effects mostly concerning the gastrointestinal tract. Surprisingly no patient reported vomiting. One patient developed a severe pancreatitis. At time of telephone interview only 30.2% were continuing treatment. Mean treatment duration was 2.98±2.71 months. Common reasons for discontinuation of treatment were no/little effect on weight loss (27.9%), intolerable side effects (20.9%), or financial reasons (14%). GLP-1 agonist treatment in obese patients without diabetes also correlates with significant weight loss in clinical practice. However, side effects and discontinuation of treatment are common. Therefore, long-term effect on weight loss might not be as promising as suggested by data from clinical trials.

Many societies across the world are confronted with demographic changes, usually related to increased life expectancy and, often, relatively low birth rates. Information and communication technologies (ICT) may contribute to adequately support senior citizens in aging societies with respect to quality of life and quality and efficiency of health care processes. For investigating and for providing answers on whether new information and communication technologies can contribute to keeping, or even improving quality of life, health and self-sufficiency in ageing societies through new ways of living and new forms of care, the Lower Saxony Research Network Design of Environments for Ageing (GAL) had been established as a five years research project, running from 2008 to 2013. Ambient-assisted living (AAL) technologies in personal and home environments were especially important. In this article we report on the GAL project, and present some of its major outcomes after five years of research. We report on major challenges and lessons learned in running and organizing such a large, inter- and multidisciplinary project and discuss GAL in the context of related research projects. With respect to research outcomes, we have, for example, learned new knowledge about multimodal and speech-based human-machine-interaction mechanisms for persons with functional restrictions, and identified new methods and developed new algorithms for identifying activities of daily life and detecting acute events, particularly falls. A total of 79 apartments of senior citizens had been equipped with specific "GAL technology", providing new insights into the use of sensor data for smart homes. Major challenges we had to face were to deal constructively with GAL's highly inter- and multidisciplinary aspects, with respect to research into GAL's application scenarios, shifting from theory and lab experimentation to field tests, and the complexity of organizing and, in our view, successfully managing such a large project. Overall it can be stated that, from our point of view, the GAL research network has been run successfully and has achieved its major research objectives. Since we now know much more on how and where to use AAL technologies for new environments of living and new forms of care, a future focus for research can now be outlined for systematically planned studies, scientifically exploring the benefits of AAL technologies for senior citizens, in particular with respect to quality of life and the quality and efficiency of health care.

This article describes the results of field studies performed over a period between five months and 24 months. The objectives of these studies were to collect long-term real-life data to evaluate how these data can be mapped to items on standardized assessment tests and which presentation method is most suitable to inform caregivers about critical situations and changes in health or care needs. A Home-monitoring system which uses modern sensor technologies was developed for and used in these field studies. It was installed in living environments of seven people (three who were not in need of care, two in need of care, and two with mental disabilities). The data were generated by sensor data acquisition and questionnaire reporting. Four types of data analysis and representation were evaluated to support caregivers. Results show that sensor data can be used to determine information directly or indirectly, which can be mapped to relevant assessment items and presented with different degrees of granularity. It is also feasible to determine and present additional information of potential interest which cannot be directly mapped to any assessment item. Sensor data can also be displayed in a live view. This live data representation led to a decrease in the caregivers' workload when assessed according to the German version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire.

Zur Untersuchung zum Nutzen des Flight-following-Systems RescueTrack® im Notfallaufnahmebereich von Kliniken wurde in einem uberregionalen Traumazentrum im Jahr 2010 ein entsprechender Systezmzugang eingerichtet, der uber einen separaten Monitor im unfallchirurgischen Schockraum uber 24 h taglich zur Verfugung stand. Es wurden bei 30 Polytraumapatienten samtliche Zeiten von der ersten Anmeldung durch die Besatzung des Hubschraubers oder durch die Rettungsleitstelle bis hin zum Eintreffen des Patienten im Schockraum dokumentiert. In Hinblick auf die Vorbereitungszeit des Schockraums ergab sich ein mogliches Optimierungspotenzial durch die Nutzung von RescueTrack®. Tatsachlich konnte die durchschnittliche Wartezeit des Schockraumteams deutlich gesenkt werden.

Platinum-based catalytic materials have received significant attention, particularly in the shape and size control of faceted materials for catalysis. More recently, there has been a rapid increase in the number of reports of successful preparations in this field; however, a fundamental understanding of controlled growth towards catalytic material design is essential for future implementation and broad application. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent findings reported since 2009, focusing on methods for shape control as well as the effects of exposed surface facets on select catalytic reactions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The raccoon (Procyon lotor) has successfully invaded central Europe, despite the population apparently having been founded by a small number of individuals in two distinct populations in Germany. The ecological success of the invasion has been explained by raccoons being an adaptable, truly omnivorous species. However, the German raccoon population might have a larger number of founders and be more genetically diverse than assumed, as accidental or deliberate releases of household pets or individuals from zoos are relatively common. In the present study, we sequenced a 550-base-pair long fragment of the mitochondrial control region in 193 raccoons from Germany and neighbouring countries. We only identified six different haplotypes; of which, five were limited to Germany. Our results support the notions that the population was founded by a small number of females and that the German raccoons originate from two separate release events in central and eastern Germany. Additionally, however, we provide evidence for the presence of a distinct population in Saxony, eastern Germany. Further studies using different genetic markers are necessary to gain additional information on genetic diversity and population genetic structure.