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This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, as well as environmental safety. Data from the suitable read across analogs 2-butyloctan-1-ol (CAS # 3913-02-8) and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) show that this material is not genotoxic nor does it have skin sensitization potential. The reproductive and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were completed using the TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) for a Cramer Class I material (0.03 and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). The repeated dose toxicity endpoint was completed using 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) and 1-heptanol, 2-propyl (CAS # 10042-59-8) as suitable read across analogs, which provided a MOE > 100. The developmental toxicity endpoint was completed using 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) as a suitable read across analog, which provided a MOE > 100 The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoint was completed based on suitable UV spectra. The environmental endpoint was completed as described in the RIFM Framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, as well as, environmental safety. Repeated dose toxicity was determined to have the most conservative systemic exposure derived NO[A]EL of 37.5 mg/kg/day. A gavage 13-week subchronic toxicity study conducted in mice resulted in a MOE of 5769 while considering 38.4% absorption from skin contact and 100% from inhalation. A MOE of >100 is deemed acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current conditions is supported by existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, as well as environmental safety. Data show that this material is not genotoxic nor does it have skin sensitization potential. The reproductive and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were completed using the TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) for a Cramer Class I material (0.03 and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). The developmental toxicity endpoint was completed using linalool (CAS # 78-70-6), dehydrolinalool (CAS # 29171-20-8) and cinnamic acid (CAS # 621-82-9) as suitable read across analogs, which provided a MOE > 100. The repeated dose toxicity endpoint was completed using data on the target material which provided a MOE > 100. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoint was completed based on suitable UV spectra. The environmental endpoint was completed as described in the RIFM Framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current conditions is supported by existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, as well as environmental safety. Data from the suitable read across analog 2-ethylhexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) show that this material is not genotoxic. Data from the suitable read across analog isopropyl alcohol (CAS # 67-63-0) show that this material does not have skin sensitization potential. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint was completed using the TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) for a Cramer Class I material (1.4 mg/day). The repeated dose toxicity endpoint was completed using 2-ethylhexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) and 1-heptanol, 2-propyl (CAS # 10042-59-8) as suitable read across analogs, which provided a MOE > 100. The developmental and reproductive toxicity endpoint was completed using 2-ethyl-hexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) and isobutyl alcohol (CAS # 78-83-1) as suitable read across analogs, which provided a MOE > 100. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoint was completed based on suitable UV spectra. The environmental endpoint was completed as described in the RIFM Framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, as well as, environmental safety. Repeated dose toxicity was determined to have the most conservative systemic exposure derived NO[A]EL of 14.5 mg/kg/day. A dietary 2-year chronic toxicity study conducted in rats on a suitable read across analog resulted in a MOE of 1318 while considering 78.7% absorption from skin contact and 100% from inhalation. A MOE of >100 is deemed acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current conditions is supported by existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization, as well as environmental safety. Data show that this material is not genotoxic. Data from the suitable read across analog 2-butyloctan-1-ol (CAS # 3913-02-8) show that this material does not have skin sensitization potential. The reproductive and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were completed using the TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) for a Cramer Class I material (0.03 and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). The developmental and repeat dose toxicity endpoints were completed data on the target material which provided a MOE > 100. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoint was completed based on suitable UV spectra. The environmental endpoint was completed as described in the RIFM Framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, as well as, environmental safety. Reproductive toxicity was determined to have the most conservative systemic exposure derived NO[A]EL of 230 mg/kg/day. A gavage multigenerational continuous breeding study conducted in rats on a suitable read across analog resulted in a MOE of 12,105 while considering 22.6% absorption from skin contact and 100% from inhalation. A MOE of >100 is deemed acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PCR amplified HA1 fragment of H5N1 (H5HA1) avian influenza virus (AIV) hemagglutinin gene was cloned into pET28a (+) expression vector and expressed in Rosetta Blue (DE3) pLysS cells. The recombinant H5HA1 (rH5HA1) protein purified by passive gel elution after SDS-PAGE of the inclusion bodies reacted specifically with H5N1 serum in Western blot analysis. A subtype specific indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using the rH5HA1 protein as the coating antigen was developed for detecting antibodies to H5 subtype of AIV. The assay had 89.04% sensitivity and 95.95% specificity when compared with haemagglutination inhibition test. The Kappa value of 0.842 indicated a perfect agreement between the tests. The iELISA developed can be used for serosurveillance of avian influenza in chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the prevalence of vertigo as a late effect of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) and assess for a dose-volume relationship between radiation exposure to the vestibulocochlear apparatus and vertigo. We also sought to determine the impact of vertigo on functional outcomes. This cross-sectional study enrolled participants treated with RT for HNC who survived at least 2 years and were free from disease at the time of enrollment. Participants completed the Short Form 36 as well as a detailed health survey with questions regarding medical history, medications, physical and mental symptoms, and socioeconomic status. Vertigo was assessed by the question "Has a doctor or other health care professional told you that you have or have had persistent dizziness or vertigo?" Mean radiation doses to the bilateral vestibulocochlear apparatuses were obtained by review of treatment plans. Differences in frequencies between groups were assessed with the chi-square test. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between vertigo and physical health impairment as well as the association between vestibulocochlear dose and vertigo in models that also controlled for age and sex. A total of 123 HNC survivors met the inclusion criteria and had complete survey results for review. The median age of the cohort was 63.8y (range: 28.6y – 86.4y) and the median time from RT to survey completion was 4.0y (range: 2y – 28.9y); 31 (25.2%) were female and 92 (74.8%) were male. Vertigo was reported by 22 (17.9%) participants, hearing loss by 23 (18.7%), and tinnitus by 19 (15.4%). Hearing loss was present in 5 (22.7%) of patients who reported vertigo and 18 (17.8%) who did not report vertigo (p=0.593). The mean dose in Gy to the cochlea receiving the greater radiation dose was statistically associated with patient-reported vertigo (OR=1.031 95% CI: 1.001 – 1.061). Patients who reported vertigo were more likely to indicate that their physical health interfered with work activities on the SF36 (OR=4.224 95% CI: 1.567 – 11.384) whereas hearing loss was not statistically associated with interference due to physical health (OR=1.902 95% CI: 0.701 – 5.162). Vertigo is a relatively common late adverse effect of RT for HNC that was associated with the presence of tinnitus but not hearing loss in this cohort. Radiation exposure to the vestibulocochlear apparatus was associated with the development of vertigo, and patients who developed vertigo were more likely to report that their physical health interfered with work activities. The results of this study highlight an ongoing need to study the late effects among HNC survivors. Future work is needed to characterize associations between vertigo and chemotherapy and other modifiable treatment factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate brain morphometry among long term survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with radiotherapy (RT). Specifically, we sought to calculate the brain age gap estimation among HNC survivors and to perform voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to calculate local gray matter volumes between HNC survivors and controls without history of cancer. We recruited 39 HNC survivors (age range: 32.6y – 71.9y, 25.6% female) who were treated with RT >2y prior and who were currently without evidence of recurrent tumor. Participants underwent a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. Scans were performed on a technology company's Prisma 3-Tesla using a 20-channel head coil. The scan protocol included T1-weighted imaging acquired at 1mm slice thickness. Brain age was estimated utilizing total brain gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid with brainageR v2.1 and compared to chronologic age using the paired-samples T-test. VBM analysis was performed using Computational Anatomy Toolbox v12 with a regions of interest (ROI) approach utilizing the neuromorphometrics brain atlas. Gray matter volumes for ROIs were used to compare the study cohort to a normative sample of 35 adults age >45 years from the MGH-USC Human Connectome Project. Differences in gray matter volume were compared using the independent samples T-test controlled for total intracranial volume and sex and conservatively adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Bonferroni method. Estimated brain age was calculated for all participants; 1 participant was excluded from VBM analysis due to inadequate imaging quality. The mean estimated gray matter brain age of 60.2y was not significantly different to the mean chronologic age of the sample at 61.2y (p=0.353). Results from the VBM analysis demonstrated significantly reduced gray matter volume in the HNC survivors group compared to control group in the bilateral orbital gyrus, cingulate cortex, basal forebrain, thalamus, and cerebellum. In total, 35 left hemisphere regions of interest (ROIs) and 34 right hemisphere ROIs demonstrated reduced gray matter volume in the HNC survivor group at the p<0.001 significance level. No ROIs had increased gray matter among HNC survivors. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess brain morphometry among HNC survivors. We did not observe a brain age gap, but VBM gray matter volumes were significantly reduced in multiple brain regions, mostly subcortical and in the most inferior part of the cortex. Future research is needed to characterize how brain morphometry is related to patient outcomes as well as modifiable treatment factors such as brain radiation exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, as well as, environmental safety. Repeated dose toxicity was determined using to have the most conservative systemic exposure derived NOAEL of 47 mg/kg/day. A dietary 13-week subchronic toxicity study conducted in rats on a suitable read across analog resulted in a MOE of 2350 while considering 10.3% absorption from skin contact and 100% from inhalation. A MOE of >100 is deemed acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential as well as environmental safety. Repeated dose, developmental, and reproductive toxicities were determined to have the most conservative systemic exposure derived NO[A]EL of 50 mg/kg/day, based on OECD gavage toxicity studies in rats, that resulted in a MOE of 4545455 after considering 100% absorption from skin contact and inhalation. A MOE of >100 is deemed acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential as well as environmental safety. Repeated dose toxicity was determined to have the most conservative systemic exposure derived NOAEL of 15 mg/kg/day based on a gavage 13-week subchronic toxicity study conducted in rats on a read across analog resulting in a MOE of 1000 considering 100% absorption from skin contact and inhalation. A MOE of >100 is deemed acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, as well as, environmental safety. Reproductive toxicity was based on the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) of 0.03 mg/kg/day for a Cramer Class I material. The estimated systemic exposure is determined to be equal to this value while assuming 100% absorption from skin contact and inhalation. A systemic exposure at or below the TTC value is acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, as well as, environmental safety. Repeated dose toxicity was determined to have the most conservative systemic exposure derived NO[A]EL of 29.9 mg/kg/day. A dietary 14-week subchronic toxicity study conducted in rats on a suitable read across analog resulted in a MOE of 3784810 while considering 9.54% absorption from skin contact and 100% from inhalation. A MOE of > 100 is deemed acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, as well as, environmental safety. Repeated dose toxicity was determined to have the most conservative systemic exposure derived NO[A]EL of 15 mg/kg/day. A gavage 13-week subchronic toxicity study conducted in rats on a suitable read across analog resulted in a MOE of 10,714 while assuming 100% absorption from skin contact and inhalation. A MOE of >100 is deemed acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, as well as, environmental safety. Reproductive toxicity was based on the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) of 0.03 mg/kg/day for a Cramer Class I material. The estimated systemic exposure is determined to be below this value while assuming 80% absorption from skin contact and 100% from inhalation. A systemic exposure below the TTC value is acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), everolimus represents a standard of care option for patients who have had prior vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-directed therapy. BNC105P is an inhibitor of tubulin polymerisation and preclinical studies suggest possible synergy with everolimus. In this phase 1/2 study, the efficacy and safety of the combination was explored. Methods A phase 1 study in patients with clear-cell mRCC and any number of different prior treatments was done using a classical 3+3 design to evaluate standard doses of everolimus with increasing doses of BNC105P (4.2, 8.4, 12.6, and 16 mg/m 2 ). At the recommended phase 2 dose, patients with clear-cell mRCC and one to two prior treatments (including ⩾1 VEGF-TKI) were randomised to BNC105P with everolimus (group A) or everolimus alone (group B). Patients were stratified by MSKCC risk factors and number of prior VEGF-TKIs. The primary endpoint of the study was 6-month progression-free survival. Findings 15 patients were included in the phase 1 component, and a dose of BNC105P at 16 mg/m 2 with everolimus at 10 mg daily was identified as the recommended phase 2 dose. In the phase 2 study, 139 patients were randomised across 77 treatment centres (United States of America (USA): 63; non-USA: 14), with 69 and 67 evaluable patients in groups A and B, respectively. Six-month progression-free survival was similar in the treatment groups (group A: 33.82% versus group B: 30.30%, p = 0.66) and no difference in median progression-free survival was observed (group A: 4.7 months versus group B: 4.1 months; p = 0.49). Most adverse events were consistent with everolimus-related toxic effects. Changes in several biomarkers (matrix metalloproteinase-9, stem-cell factor, sex hormone binding globulin, and serum amyloid A protein) were associated with clinical outcome with BNC105P. Conclusions Although the primary endpoint was not met in an unselected population, intriguing correlative studies suggest several potentially predictive biomarkers. Further prospective assessment of BNC105P in relevant biomarker-based subsets is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel versus dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma was evaluated in a phase III randomized, controlled trial. Patients and methods: Chemotherapy-naïve patients with stage IV melanoma received nab-paclitaxel 150 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks or dacarbazine 1000 mg/m² every 3 weeks. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) by independent radiologic review; the secondary end point was overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 529 patients were randomized to nab-paclitaxel (n = 264) or dacarbazine (n = 265). Baseline characteristics were well balanced. The majority of patients were men (66%), had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status of 0 (71%), and had M1c stage disease (65%). The median PFS (primary end point) was 4.8 months with nab- paclitaxel and 2.5 months with dacarbazine [hazard ratio (HR), 0.792; 95.1% con dence interval (CI) 0.631-0.992; P = 0.044]. The median OS was 12.6 months with nab-paclitaxel and 10.5 months with dacarbazine (HR, 0.897; 95.1% CI 0.738-1.089; P = 0.271). Independently assessed overall response rate was 15% versus 11% (P = 0.239), and disease control rate (DCR) was 39% versus 27% (P = 0.004) for nab-paclitaxel versus dacarbazine, respectively. The most common grade =3 treatment-related adverse events were neuropathy (nab-paclitaxel, 25% versus dacarbazine, 0%; P < 0.001), and neutropenia (nab-paclitaxel, 20% versus dacarbazine, 10%; P = 0.004). There was no correlation between secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) status and PFS in either treatment arm. Conclusions: nab-Paclitaxel significantly improved PFS and DCR compared with dacarbazine, with a manageable safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The hypothesis that GER can trigger or exacerbate asthma is supported by several clinical trials that have shown amelioration in asthma symptoms and/or an improvement in pulmonary function after antireflux therapy. Aims: To investigate the prevalence of GER in patients with difficult to control asthma and to determine the effect of omeprazole on asthma symptoms, reflux symptoms, pulmonary function and on the requirement of asthma medications. Materials and Methods: Patients with difficult to control asthma were recruited into the study. All patients underwent esophageal manometry and 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring. Pulmonary function tests were done before and after treatment. The severity of asthma and reflux was assessed by a 1 week pulmonary symptom score(PSS) and reflux symptom score(RSS) respectively before and after treatment. Those who had an abnormal pH study (pH <4 in the distal esophagus for >5% of the time) underwent anti-GER treatment with lifestyle changes, and a proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole 40 mg, bid) for 3 months. Asthma medications were added or deleted based on severity of asthma. Results: Out of 250 asthmatic patients screened, forty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty eight of 40 patients(70%) were diagnosed to have GERD. Of the patients 28 with GER, 8 patients(28.5%) had no reflux symptoms. On 24 hr pH metry, the percentage time pH <4.0 was 10.81 ± 4.72 and 1.11 ± 1.21; Deemester score was 37.65 ± 14.54 and 4.89 ± 6.39 (p-value is 0.0001) in GERD and non-GERD patients respectively.In GERD group, post treatment reflux symptom score(RSS) improved from 22.39 ± 14.99 to 1.04 ± 1.07, pulmonary symptom score(PSS) improved from27.14 ± 7.49 to 13.82 ± 4.21and night time asthma symptom score(NASS) improved from 6.71 ± 1.80 to 3.04 ± 1.23 (p-value <0.0001). After treatment, FEV1 and PEFR increased from 1.38 ± 0.57 and 4.14 ± 1.97 to 1.47 ± 0.54 and 5.56 ± 1.72, respectively (p-value 0.00114). Conclusions: PPI therapy improves nocturnal asthma symptoms, daytime asthma symptoms, pulmonary function and decreases requirement of asthma medications in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work presents a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model to investigate the effect of binary gas (H2/Ar) composition and fluid dynamics at high temperatures (from 200 up to 500°C) for a reasonably sized membrane module containing two cobalt oxide silica membrane tubes in series for H2 separation. The model provided the local information of velocity, pressure and H2 fraction for the driving force analysis. The H2 molar fraction was found to be the most influential factor affecting the driving force, though the total pressure varied slightly along the axial length. In feed domain the H2 molar fraction showed a clear decline in the axial direction from feed inlet to retentate outlet by 45.34% (for the case of feed fraction 50% H2 and feed flow rate 100Nmlmin−1). In permeate domain, H2 fraction showed the same trend but the decline slope was much less than feed domain being 2.22%. Concentration–polarizations in both feed and permeate domains were very weak with the concentration polarization degree less than 0.4% and can be ignored in cobalt-oxide-silica membrane module. High temperature promoted the performance of pure gas permeation, but had little impact on mixed gas separation as the driving force reduction at higher temperature is more significant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The probability of survival is conventionally calculated from autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (aHCT). Conditional survival takes into account the changing probability of survival with time survived, but this is not known for aHCT populations. We determined disease- and cause-specific conditional survival for 2388 patients treated with aHCT over a period of 20 years at a single institution. A total of 1054 deaths (44% of the cohort) were observed: 78% attributed to recurrent disease; 9% to subsequent malignancies and 6% to cardiopulmonary disease. Estimated probability of relative survival was 62% at 5 years and 50% at 10 years from aHCT. On the other hand, the 5-year relative survival was 70, 75, 81 and 88% after having survived 1, 2, 5 and 10 years after aHCT, respectively. The cohort was at a 13.9-fold increased risk of death compared with the general population (95% confidence interval (CI)=13.1-14.8). The risk of death approached that of the general population for 10-year survivors (standardized mortality ratio (SMR)=1.4, 95% CI=0.9-1.9), with the exception of female Hodgkin's lymphoma patients transplanted before 1995 at age 40 years (SMR=6.0, 95% CI=1.9-14.0). Among those who had survived 10 years, nonrelapse-related mortality rates exceeded relapse-related mortality rates. This study provides clinically relevant survival estimates after aHCT, and helps inform interventional strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The probability of survival is conventionally calculated from autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (aHCT). Conditional survival takes into account the changing probability of survival with time survived, but this is not known for aHCT populations. We determined disease- and cause-specific conditional survival for 2388 patients treated with aHCT over a period of 20 years at a single institution. A total of 1054 deaths (44% of the cohort) were observed: 78% attributed to recurrent disease; 9% to subsequent malignancies and 6% to cardiopulmonary disease. Estimated probability of relative survival was 62% at 5 years and 50% at 10 years from aHCT. On the other hand, the 5-year relative survival was 70, 75, 81 and 88% after having survived 1, 2, 5 and 10 years after aHCT, respectively. The cohort was at a 13.9-fold increased risk of death compared with the general population (95% confidence interval (CI)=13.1-14.8). The risk of death approached that of the general population for 10-year survivors (standardized mortality ratio (SMR)=1.4, 95% CI=0.9-1.9), with the exception of female Hodgkin's lymphoma patients transplanted before 1995 at age 40 years (SMR=6.0, 95% CI=1.9-14.0). Among those who had survived 10 years, nonrelapse-related mortality rates exceeded relapse-related mortality rates. This study provides clinically relevant survival estimates after aHCT, and helps inform interventional strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Ovine herpesvirus type 2 infection in captive bison in India."

Objective To identify the training in, experience of and barriers to reporting child abuse among dental therapists in the UK.Design Postal survey.Subjects and methods A postal questionnaire was sent to all practising dental therapists (DTs) in the UK registered with the GDC (n= 851) in October-December 2007.Results A response rate of 49% (n= 420) was achieved; 24 (5.7%) questionnaires were incomplete and excluded. One hundred and ninety-three respondents (48.7%) had qualified in the last 10 years. One hundred and forty-seven (37.1%) recalled undergraduate training; 248 (62.6%) had received training since qualifying; 66 (16.6%) recalled no child protection training. Overall child abuse had been suspected by 135 (34%) DTs, while 72 (18%) had suspected but not referred the case.Conclusions The majority of dental therapists (83%, n= 330) have received training in child protection. Overall, 34% (n = 135) have suspected child abuse and 83% (n = 112) of these DTs recorded their suspicions in the patient record. In line with current guidance, most DTs would discuss a case with another dentist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]