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The paper analyzes the activities of Special Police investigators, former members of the communist movement in Belgrade. Recruiting detainees for secret cooperation with the Special Police was a practice that lasted throughout World War II. These people became confidants, and they returned to the organization and caused serious damage to the work of the Communist Party. Božidar Bećarević, the head of the IV anti-communist department, tried to hire certain communist officials not only as confidants but also as responsible officials who enjoyed the status of investigators or agents. In that sense, the most prominent were Branko Mišković Bliher, Tenko Dalvović and Dušan Jovanović Žuća. During the war, agents and investigators of the Special Police were hated by citizens, especially communist illegals, for their arrogant behavior and very cruel treatment of detainees. That hatred was especially strong towards those who were once members of the communist movement themselves. They were especially zealous in arresting, harassing and killing their former party comrades, wanting to prove themselves before the collaborationist and occupying authorities. Some of them changed sides several times, trying to assess the course of the war and on that basis moving from one camp to another. Some, like Dušan Jovanović Žuća, tried again to renew their cooperation with the communist movement, and in the end they ended up being shot as communists, essentially hated on both sides as traitors. It is not possible to determine exactly the number of confidants who cooperated with the Special Police because this information was kept strictly secret. There is little more information about those who openly agreed to cooperate and became investigators, and almost as a rule most of them lost their lives by being killed by communists or patriots during the war.

Introduction Since 1987, there has been little information on oral health (OH) status of young adults aged 19 to 26 in Serbia. This study aimed to investigate the trends in OH status and OH-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of undergraduate student population in Belgrade in 2012. Materials and methods The study included a total of 699 students of different study fields who underwent a dental examination, with 530 of them agreeing to an assisted survey and 275 forgoing a periodontal assessment. The survey consisted of six sections - basic information, socio-demographic data, oral healthcare use and habits, risk factors, OH self-assessment and OHRQoL. Clinical assessment was performed using the Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth (DMFT) index; Gingival Index; Clinical Attachment Level; Community Periodontal Index, and Plaque index. OHRQoL was evaluated through a modified OH Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Results The mean DMFT of the examined population was 10.24 (standard deviation [SD] 5.33). Students from East and South Serbia (DMFT=8.69 [SD=4.93]), technical study field (DMFT=8.84 [SD=4.94]), with mother's having a university degree (DMFT=9.33 [SD=5.15]) and with satisfactory OH (DMFT=8.94 [SD=4.76]) were all significantly associated with lower DMFT. A significantly lower OHRQoL score was observed in students with satisfactory self-reported OH (Score=9.48 [SD=1.44]). The periodontal assessment showed no significant differences across all values of observed indexes. Conclusion The mean DMFT of Belgrade's young adults' population has decreased from 1987 to 2012 from 12.5 to 10.4. Self-reported OH is significantly associated with both the DMFT values and OHRQoL.

The subject of this paper is a sociological gender-sensitive analysis of the use-value of space in public preschool institutions (PPI), starting from the level of Serbian society, through Belgrade and Belgrade municipalities, down to the level of individual kindergartens. The objective of the research is to design the space of PPI facilities, which would provide the families and mothers with control over public space, and thus meet one of the preconditions for positive structural change - gender equality. The following parameters are used as indicators of the use-value of DPU space: the position of the preschool system in Serbia, coverage of children in the preschool system and preschool institutions by type of ownership, coverage of DPU children, insufficiency of DPU social space in Belgrade, compliance of available space in DPU municipalities Cukarica and Vozdovac with valid norms). Data sources: institutional data research (survey research “Spatial capacity of preschool institutions in Belgrade”, conducted at the Faculty of Geography, Department of Spatial Planning, on the subject of Social Development Planning, 2018-2019). The main results of this research confirm the presumed issue in this field, which causes the unequal gender power relations and various consequences which affect the position and quality of life of women-mothers and men. The preschool system in Serbia is in an unfavourable position due to the serious insufficiency of PPI facilities in Belgrade (out of a total of 124,846 preschool children, there is enough space for less than one half; the analysis of the existing PPI capacity shows that there are large differences in capacity at the municipal level, from about three quarters to about one quarter,) and at the level of Belgrade municipalities. The data available for the municipalities of Čukarica, Voždovac, Palilula, Zemun, Zvezdara, and Novi Beograd show that the same problem exists there as well, which can be solved by accepting the proposals for the required capacity of public kindergartens, which are given in this paper. The insufficient PPI capacity in the municipalities of Čukarica and Voždovac has been documented at the kindergarten level (a total of 55, 22 of which in the municipality of Čukarica, and 33 in the municipality of Voždovac.

Drawing on renewed academic interest in the study of Serbian-Turkish relationships, this article addresses the complexities of the Ottoman heritage in a Serbian urban setting through its cultural-symbolic and anthropological dimensions. Specifically, this article explores ‘what stands behind’ Belgradians’ negative attitude towards the Turkish coffee-shop chain Simit Sarayi. To do so, we use Michael Herzfeld’s (1997) cultural intimacy perspective of ‘understanding from within’ what ‘makes sense of space’. We illustrate how the systems of meaning Belgradians use shape the true nature and experience with such an intimate ‘Other’ that is the Turkish [franchise].

This paper presents the results of research on the tourists' motivation for staying in the City of Belgrade. The purpose of this paper is to identify the motives for which tourists usually stay in Belgrade and to examine the existence of statistically significant differences between the motives of tourists depending on their sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, education and origin). The research sample included 250 respondents who had stayed in Belgrade. Belgrade is the most visited destination of urban tourism thanks to the quality and diversity of tourist offer, which can satisfy different motives of tourists. In order to collect primary data, a survey method was applied while descriptive statistical analysis, t-test of independent samples and one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to process the collected data. The research findings indicate that the largest number of respondents stayed in Belgrade due to: business reasons, scientific conferences, visits to relatives and/or friends, sightseeing of the city and nightlife. Based on the theoretical analysis and results of empirical research, the recommendations for future research were also presented in the paper.

The subject of this paper are cultural representations of disease, care and dependence in households of the so-called “mature coresidency”. This concept refers to families in which parents live with their adult children and focuses on the phenomenon of “extended youth” - longer transition to adulthood, economic and residential dependence of young people in the parental home. The life of young people with their parents, in research and narratives, is often perceived as a forced, conditioned by the political and economic situation in the country. Having in mind the circumstances under which the situation with the COVID-19 pandemic developed and changed, from months of fear and panic to formal closure in the form of quarantine, I discuss family dynamics, division of labor, and possible changes in the roles of family members responsible for household maintenance, grocery shopping etc. Furthermore, I analyze whether the attitude towards living together has changed in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, by examining how interlocutors interpret their own roles, obligations within the household and care for its members. The aim of this paper is to review the opportunities and limitations of family cohabitation while examining whether young people and their parents perceive coresidency during the pandemic as a positive and strategic, or a negative and dangerous circumstance. Moreover, it will be discussed if young people, perceived as a risk in public sphere, are also perceived as a risk within their own households. The paper relies on the results of a qualitative research conducted in Belgrade since April 2020 among young adults their parents.

In this paper a comparative analysis was conducted of the tourist offer of the cities Belgrade (Republic of Serbia) and Sofia (Republic of Bulgaria), which are recognizable as urban tourist destinations on the tourist market. The basic elements used to compare the tourist offer of the mentioned cities are their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Qualitative characteristics refer to natural features, transport infrastructure, tourism resources and associated facilities, which are significant for the urban tourism development. Quantitative characteristics include tourist traffic ( total number of tourist arrivals and overnight stays) and population. The objectives of the comparative analysis are to identify best practices in the development of this form of tourism and ways and measures to improve the position of Belgrade and Sofia on the tourism market. The results of the comparative analysis showed that both of analyzed cities have a developed offer of urban tourism.

The building of the State Archives (1925-1928) in Belgrade is one of the most significant achievements of the famous Russian architect Nikolay Petrovich Krasnov, whose late period works were primarily realized in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). In order to fully understand and recognize the multiple layers of significance of this important state building, alongside the design process (from the initial idea, through construction, to final materialization), it is necessary to shed light on its role within the interwar architecture of Belgrade, while also paying attention to the ideological-political and cultural connotations of this important public building.

The subject of the research presented in this paper is the Belgrade opus of the architect Vladislav D. Vladisavljević (1905-1961), predominantly realized during the 1930s. Given the insufficient attention paid to this topic in previous historiography, the main focus of this paper is that of providing a systematic description and stylistic analysis of individual buildings, which both provides a basis upon which the necessary explication and valorization of the same can be made, and creates a clearer and more complete picture of the positioning of Vladislav Vladisavljević within the domestic architectural scene of the time. Although the methodological framework adopted involves a synthesis of biographical and historiographical approaches, the study largely relies on available material stored in the Historical Archives of Belgrade and the architect's personal archives in the Architecture and Urbanism Collection of the Belgrade City Museum. The ultimate goal of the paper is to contribute to and deepen the existing knowledge, but also to provide certain new information, which will lead to and facilitate more detailed studies of this topic

The architect Franja Urban belongs to the group of foreign architects who arrived in Belgrade in the wake of the First World War, leaving as a legacy a lasting contribution to its urban development and architectural design. Franja Urban arrived from Czechoslovakia as a result of links to the Ashkenazi Jewish community, and, from 1926 until his untimely death in 1937, he worked as a private architect specializing in the field of residential and industrial architecture. Although Urban left behind a rich architectural opus, so far no monographic article has been published that would shed light on and further valorize his work in Belgrade and beyond. This article stems from many years of research into Urban's life and work, and represents the first attempt to frame his work within the context of modern Serbian architecture.

At a time when Belgrade was recovering from the ravages of war, one of the basic requirements of development was the renovation or reconstruction of the devastated building stock, and the erection of new buildings due to the ever-increasing influx of newcomers into the capital of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A major role was played in this process by the Technical Directorate of the Municipality of Belgrade, whose architectural department worked diligently on the (re-)construction of the capital. One of the most important architects of the Technical Directorate was the Paris-trained Milivoj Tričković. Although he did not leave behind a large number of buildings, he influenced the development of the architectural profession, both through his publications and writings, and - arguably even moreso - through his role as a professor at the Faculty of Architecture in Belgrade. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of Milivoj Tričković, both as an architect in the construction of Belgrade in the interwar period through new attributions of individual buildings, and in the development of the architectural profession through the education of new generations of architects, by providing an overview of his most significant professional achievements.

This paper presents research on the historical and urban development of the palace complex on Terazije during the 19th and early 20th centuries, placing a focus on the period from the 1840s to the 1880s, i.e. upon the architecture of the Prince's Court (Knežev dvorac, also known as the Stari konak) and the Court of Crown Prince Mihailo, which were both demolished in the early 20th century. The process of urban transformation of the complex and the design of buildings for the accommodation of the then-rulers is presented, based on the available historical material (old plans and photographs), as well as pre-existing interpretations of this topic available in published literature. Both the appearance of the court buildings and the complex itself in certain phases of development are reconstructed, facilitated by comparative situational representations and axonometric projections. A typological and stylistic analysis of the architectural characteristics of the Stari konak and the court, which are to be considered representative examples of the transition from the Classicist to the Romantic era of Serbian architecture in the middle of the 19th century, is given. The paper places a particular emphasis on the historical and cultural significance in the present of these now-demolished buildings for preserving the memory of an extremely important period in the history of the modern Serbian state.

The tendency towards modernization is noticeable in Belgrade's architecture from the beginning of the 20th century, in the form of stylistic norms adopted from the Vienna Secession, which was the medium through which the forces of the reforms in architecture, culture and art were incorporated in the overall processes of modernization of in The Kingdom of Serbia. These processes reflect the cultural strivings of Serbian society, the efforts to demonstrate its cosmopolitan spirit, and the need to elevate and complement its historicist architectural stock, grounded in academic and national models, with more modern elements. In the architecture of the Serbian capital, the Secession brought together and conciliated, in a way, these two tendencies. Only a small number of buildings were composed in the dominant Secession style, with the basic characteristics of dissolution and negation of the earlier compositional schemes of strictly symmetrical horizontal and tripartite, or quinquepartite division of façades with risalits and enclosed façades, as well as conspicuous cornices and friezes, pilasters, framed portals and windows. The Secession's decorative schemes were gradually introduced into the architecture of Belgrade as an authentic depository of a new decorative programme that consisted of both typical and original floral, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and geometric ornaments, which replaced the classical repertory. This was especially prominent in the residential architecture that carried the ideas of the Secession. Therefore, one of the main goals of this essay is to interpret the role of the Secession in residential architecture in Belgrade from the beginning of the 20th century, and to introduce some of its lesser-known examples.

Respiratory capillariosis is a widely distributed zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the nematode Capillaria aerophila (Trichocephalida, Trichuridae) that commonly infects wild carnivores but also cats and dogs. This retrospective study aims to describe cases of respiratory capillariosis in cats from the city of Belgrade, Serbia. Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 155 pet cats with or without respiratory symptoms were submitted to physical examination and parasitological examination of the feces. All cats lived indoor but had free access to outdoor. In suburban settlements, wild carnivores commonly share their living environments with owned cats and dogs. It can be assumed that more intense urbanization spreading into the natural habitats of will carnivores creates the opportunity for closer and more frequent contacts between the population of cats and feral carnivores which might increase the risk of feline contamination. The findings confirm the existence of capillaries in cats in urban areas of the city of Belgrade, contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of this nematode and warn that, because of close contacts between cats of pets and humans, capillaries can cause human infection.

During our research we examined flocks of small ruminant originated from 23 villages from city districts Mladenovac, Lazarevac, Obrenovac, Grocka, Zemun, Surcin, Palilula, Vozdovac and Zvezdara. In more than 80 percent of the herds, sheep and goats were breed together at same pasture. Using standard coprological methods we examined 273 faecal samples from 41 herds. Determination of parasites we performed by morphological characteristics. Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. we not performed. Coccidiosis was found at 27 herds. We usally occured mixed infection with 2-3 coccidia species. At sheep most abundant coccidia were E faurei, followed by E.ovinoidalis, E. pallida and E.ahsata. At goats most abundant species were E.arlongy, folwed by E.nina-kohl-yakimovae, E. hirci and E. caprina. Clinical signs of disease were present only at young animals but oocysts were found at both, adult ant young animals. Cryptosporidium spp. was found at 19 herds Clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis were established only at young animals. They had moderate morbidity and mortality rate. Infection with Giardia duodenalis was found only at 2 herds. Giardia-infected animals generally had no clinical symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mesovita Gradja is the property of Istorijski Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examines the transposition of the urban toponyms (i.e. urbanonyms) into the zoological garden’s space, as well as the patterns present across those urbanonyms. The first section comprises a semantic and formal analysis of 18 urbanonyms found in the zoological garden in Zagreb. The second part comprises: a) a discussion of the urbanonyms (36 total) gathered from the zoological garden in Belgrade; and b) a comparative analysis of the urbanonyms collected from the two zoological gardens. The analysis takes into account the motivation behind these urbanonyms, their formal structure, as well as various factors that influenced the naming process. The vast majority of these urbanonyms are used as a means of commemoration; they are anthroponymic derivations based on the names and surnames of the well-known academic, cultural and political figures. From the formal perspective, most of the urbanonyms appear either in the genitive case or as constructions derived through adjectival or possessive formants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hercegovina. Journal of Cultural Heritage & History (Since 2018) is the property of Sveuciliste u Mostaru, Filozofski fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on unpublished and untill now mostly unknon documents of the Soviet diplomatic services and central organs of the Comintern, as well as existing historiography and memoir literature, this paper analyzes the Soviet view of the consequences of the Yugoslav military collapse during the April War, the character of the division of Yugoslav territory with special reference to the territory of Montenegro, the establishment of the occupation system and preparations for the organization of armed resistance. The paper contains an overview of various Soviet activities in terms of preserving and expanding its intelligence network and organizing armed detachments intended for guerrilla warfare. It points to the dual nature of Soviet actions through military-diplomatic and intelligence organs that acted in cooperation with official state organs, civic political groups and Comintern organs that exerted their influence through the extensive illegal network of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ars Adriatica is the property of Sveuciliste u Zadru (University of Zadar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Belgrade remained under the rule of many states, including Rome, Serbia, Hungary, and Bulgaria, until the Ottoman period. Since the city had long been an important crossroads, it was invaded many times. The fact that it was on the route to connect the Middle and West Europe with Asia Minor also played a key role in the invasion of Belgrade. Along with being on the way of important roads, Belgrade serves as a door for Europe. Known as the key to Europe, Belgrade could be conquered in 1521 by the Ottoman Empire although it was besieged many times. In the following years, Belgrade became one of the most strategic cities of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. Further, the city in the position of Captaincy of Danube remained significant in terms of its military, strategical and economical aspects until it was out of the Ottoman Empire's hands. This study is concerned with the importance of the city to the Ottoman Empire coupled with its economic and military importance, primarily using Ottoman archival documents. Although considerable research has been devoted to this topic, rather less attention has been paid to the political importance of the Belgrade City to the Ottoman Empire in the Europe. To this end, the current study specifically attempts to examine this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characters of Živojin Pavlović's seminal film The Rats Woke Up (Buđenje Pacova, 1967), regularly discussed in the context of the Yugoslav Black Wave cinema, offer significant and very intriguing figures of dissent. The film depicts misfits, bottom-dwellers, and dissidents living on the margins of society in the largest and capital city of Belgrade at a time when Black Wave authors have been breaking some new grounds for Yugoslav cinema and influencing artists well after the movement became a part of history. This essay concentrates on the characters and their interaction, the complexity of which suggests the complexity of Pavlović's criticism of everyday life and institutions in the 1960s Yugoslavia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research is to demonstrate the possible approaches to treatment of architectural heritage largely destroyed by bombardment, particularly to give an alternative method in reconstruction of bombarded urban landmarks, in regards to negative emotional attachment (detachment or alienation). The background research is based on the essential theories and studies connected to the treatment of bombarded places and war architecture, architecture of ruins, memory, identity, and emotional attachment, reflecting on reconstruction, conservation, and revitalisation methods. The hypothesis of the research is that the emotional attachment defines place identity. The paper focuses on the case study of the bombarded urban landmark of Generalštab complex in Belgrade. Using a questionnaire which involved 235 respondents, a relationship was established between the citizens of Belgrade and the Generalštab complex. The questionnaire gathered information on (1) recognisability, values, and significance, (2) emotional connection, and (3) citizens' attitudes to possible approaches on the treatment of the Generalštab in the future. Finally, as a result of comprehensive analysis, the paper proposes one of the potential architectural approaches towards Generalštab complex, which is in line with the principles of the profession, but also the citizens' attitudes and the needs of the City of Belgrade. Overall, the research aims to show the complexity of the observed topics, as well as an attempt to raise and develop the awareness about the importance and value of the bombarded architectural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1975, the United Nations, under the auspices of its Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Environment Program (UNEP), established the International Environmental Education Program (IEEP). For two decades, IEEP aimed to accomplish goals ascribed to it by UNESCO member states and fostered communication across the international community through Connect, the UNESCO-UNEP environmental education newsletter. After reviewing UNESCO’s early involvement with the environment, this study examines IEEP’s development, beginning with its conceptual grounding in the 1968 UNESCO Biosphere Conference. It examines the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, moves on to the UNESCO-UNEP 1975 Belgrade Workshop, and continues with the world’s first intergovernmental conference dedicated to environmental education held in Tbilisi in 1977. The paper then uses Connect to trace changes in the form and content of environmental education. Across two decades, environmental education shifted from providing instruction about nature protection and natural resource conservation to fostering an environmental ethic through a problems-based, interdisciplinary study of the ecology of the total environment to adopting the concept of sustainable development. IEEP ultimately met with mixed success. Yet it was the primary United Nations program assigned the task of creating and implementing environmental education globally and thus offers a particularly useful lens through which to analyze changes in the international community’s understanding of the concept of the environment over time.

The paper analyzes the assessment of Soviet diplomacy regarding the consequences of the Yugoslav military breakdown during the April War, based on unpublished and largely unknown documentary sources resulting from the work of the Soviet diplomatic service, the character of the occupational division of the Yugoslav territory, with special reference to the Serbian national space, the establishment of an occupation system, education of the occupying governing bodies, the first political, economic and repressive measures of the German military authorities, problems in supplying the population, reconstruction of the wrecked infrastructure, and the evacuation of diplomatic missions in Belgrade.

Viewed from a diachronic perspective, street musicians represent one of the characteristics of city life globally. The focus of this research has been on music practices on the streets of Belgrade over the last four decades. The street is seen as a sort of alternative music scene. Through their activities, musicians contribute to building the city identity, while influencing the passers-by who come in contact with them. This paper analyzes the problems faced by street musicians, as well as the effects of various social factors on their activity and genre commitment. Particular consideration is given to the appearance of musicians performing classical music on the street as a kind of rebellion against the distastefulness.

Multi-storey business-residential and residential buildings have been increasingly present in Belgrade since 1900 and testify to its accelerated modernisation. In the period before the WWI, the basic types of multi-family residential buildings were developed and characteristic forms of building assemblies and spatial organisation of apartments were formed. As builders were educated in Central European centres (Pest, Vienna, Munich, Aachen, Berlin and Zurich), the types of assemblies and apartments were created according to their influence. After the war, in addition to the old generation of architects, the younger generation, educated at the Architectural Department of the Technical Faculty in Belgrade, is also active, which contributes to a greater variety of solutions and the influence of other European centres (Prague and Paris). Through the analysis, examples from the period 1900-14 and 1918-41 are considered and compared to define the basic types of building shapes, assemblies and spatial organization of apartments. The research confirms the thesis on the continuity of development and application of the same basic types of buildings and spatial organisation of apartments in both periods. The thesis of continuous use of masonry construction for making walls in both periods was also confirmed, while the use of modern material, reinforced concrete, and semi-prefabricated Herbst construction was established during the third and fourth decades of the 20th century.

To this day, the Belgrade oeuvre of architect Dušan Babić has not been subjected to broader historiographic research, making the elements of his architectural vocabulary all the more difficult to define and evaluate. The available archival material does provide valuable insights into the life of architect Babić and his works in the capital of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1927 and 1946. He produced over fifty designs for residential and mixed use buildings (comprising both commercial and residential space), several churches and the crematorium in Belgrade, simultaneously participating in at least ten big state competitions with notable entries, such as the designs for the Terazije slope, the Princes' Palace in the Dedinje Royal Compound, the Veterans Club building, etc. In the diversity of movements, styles and trends developing in Serbia between the two world wars as a result of the surge of predominantly West European cultural influences, the application and modification of modern architecture principles formed the mainstay of Babić's creative endevours. Stereometric forms, cubic volumes, unadorned facades, and strict lines were refined with often more freely interpreted bas-relief ornamentation, free standing sculptures or geometric forms. Babić made an effort to turn each and every structure into a unique architectural experience, especially by dynamically interpreted drawings of perspective and accentuated details.

In their wish to preserve the memory to the compatriots who lost their lives in the Holocaust, the Jewish community in Yugoslavia started erecting monuments to Jewish civil victims and fallen soldiers as early as the first few post-WWII years. The Monument to the Fallen Jewish Soldiers and Victims of Fascism put up in the Sephardi cemetery in Belgrade in 1952, potent with artistic and political significance, stood out from the rest of the monuments of the period. It was dedicated to all the Jews from the Socialist Republic of Serbia who lost their lives in the World War II. The purpose of this article is to analyse the competition for the design of the monument by examining the documents from the Archives of the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade, thus making a contribution to the research of the culture of Holocaust remembrance in the Yugoslav Socialism, but also to show artistic, social and ideological aspirations of the time when, after the Cominform schism, Yugoslavia was at political crossroads. By exploring the symbolism and aesthetic values of this work, the research presented in this paper attempts to enhance the understanding of architect Bogdan Bogdanović's early creative efforts.

Being one of the older settlements in the present-day City of Belgrade, more precisely the municipality of Novi Beograd, Bežanija is a place boasting rich historical, urban planning, and architectural features. Moreover, the ethnological and anthropological study of Bežanija expands the perspectives of this urban neighbourhood, attempting to examine the current social and cultural framework of its inhabitants. This paper is based on the architectural and anthropological research conducted in the form of mapping the studied area, observation, and informal interviews with residents. On the basis of the available material, the author endeavors to show that Bežanija is nowadays almost a marginalised city toponym, due to partly indeterminate and blurred boundaries cased by the specific urban development of Novi Beograd in (post)socialist era. One of the general findings is that the local identity of the population also follows the trend, which means that people's identifying with a place of residence is differently perceived by different generations depending on changes in the architecture of the neighbourhood.

The paper analyzed the impact of tourism development on changes in the employed population in the service sectors by individual activities. The aim of this paper is to point out the relationship between changes in the number of tourists and changes in the number of employed population in service activities. The area of research is limited to the territory of the city of Belgrade. It cover an area of 3.223km2 . The basic methodological procedures used for research are mathematical - statistical methods: Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), testing the significance of the correlation coefficient (t test) and causal relationship (R). By applying the mentioned methods, a strong connection has been established between the growth of tourist traffic and the growth of the number of employed population in the service delivery activities on the territory of Belgrade.

West Nile fever is a vector borne viral disease that can affect humans, horses, birds and sometimes other species of animals. Every year West Nile fever is detected in the human population in Serbia. The disease often occurs in a subclinical form, but most clinically evident cases occur in horses. Therefore, horses are recommended as a sentinel species for monitoring the general incidence of West Nile fever in a specific territory. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against West Nile fever virus in horses in the Belgrade epizootiological area. We examined serum samples from 77 horses to determine the seroprevalence of West Nile fever virus in horses throughout the city of Belgrade. Sera were tested by commercial ELISA tests for detection of specific IgG-class antibodies to West Nile fever virus and for the detection of specific IgM-class antibodies to confirm the presence of old and acute (recent) infections in horses. The results confirmed that West Nile fever virus is widespread, detected in 70.1% of the surveyed horse population in Belgrade, and we also detected 5.1% of acute cases had occurred due to horses being infected in 2019. The seroprevalence of West Nile virus in the horse population in the municipality of Belgrade is increasing.

After the October Revolution, the Russian tradition of spiritual and folk choral singing was introduced to the whole world by the active work of choirs that appeared in exile. The Don Cossack Choir Sergei Jaroff and the Metropolitan Choir of Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris under Nikolai Afonsky, were two unique choirs that stood out over time. During the interwar period Jaroff’s Choir performed ten times in Belgrade with great success. The capital’s press announced them with great enthusiasm and the first Belgrade concert attracted the attention of significant critics such as Miloje Milojević, Branko Dragutinović,Viktor Novak, Jovan Dimitrijević and Petar Bingulac. The day after their first concert in Belgrade in January 1929, The Don Cossack Choir Serge Jaroff attended a reception at the King Alexander’s Court, who honored them on this occasion. The study of their performances in the 1920s and 1930s in Belgrade is based on domestic periodicals of that time and archival material from the Archives of Yugoslavia.

The current processes of the Belgrade waterfront planning require the solving of very important locations through a transparent democratic procedures. The need to prepare projects for potential future investors in advance has arisen as a result of socio-economic circumstances. The urban planning in the period of transition no longer reflects the striving for the highest achievements in the profession, but it moves towards the presumed intentions and interests of a potential private capital. The neglect of public interest and absence of a sense of togetherness has occurred in the conditions of neoliberal economy leaving the consequences on the quality of architecture and planning process. This research uses a case study approach to identify and analyse a new current phenomena which directs the attention of architectural profession and general public to the sporadic competition activities on the Sava and Danube river banks. At the same time, the attention of the city's institutions is necessarily directed to the interests of private companies as the holders of new capital. In majority of cases, this relates to the preparation of locations on the Belgrade waterfront, actually the preparation of territories for the future potential developers. The analysed examples were realized with the support and participation of the professional architectural and urban associations. The documentation and chronological analysis reveal the partial sporadic competition practices which give hope that certain waterfront parts will be solved through the contemporary concepts. The new mechanisms affect the launch of architectural competitions as a check of a potential of certain territory, but in Serbia they no longer represent an obligation in the realization. Such practice will leave far-reaching consequences on the urban landscape of waterfront zones.

For the air-conditioning of the IKEA sales complex in Belgrade, the exploitation of groundwater, as a subgeothermal resource, was carried out, using a heat pump. The groundwater from a karst aquifer is abstracted by the three drilled wells, the depths of which are 87-103m. Based on the results of the 1-year trial exploitation, in the period August 2017-July 2018, balance reserve of the groundwater is 10.8 l/s, with temperatures in the range 22.0-22.9 0C, which gives the nominal available thermal power of the system of 774 kWt. The applied air-conditioning solution can be assessed as energy efficient, due to the efficiency of the "water-water" heat pump system, as well as to an environmental contribution, by the substitution of fossil fuels. Preliminary economic analysis shows that total financial investments in the system, compared with the "conventional" alternative solution, are paid after less than six years.

During the period between two world wars a dynamic political life took place among the students of the University of Belgrade. The University gathered thousands, close to 10,000 young people on the night of the outbreak of World War II. This attracted political parties to form student political organizations among Belgrade students and to propagate the political and ideological views they supported. Among the political organizations that were present at the University of Belgrade, especially during the second half of the 1930s, were: the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia, the Democratic Student Club, the Youth Section of the Serbian Cultural Club, the Student Club of the Yugoslav Radical Union Slovenski Jug and the Youth Organization Zbor. Of all these organizations, the greatest influence during the 1930s was exerted by the Communists, who, although illegal, persecuted and few in number, formed an extensive network of cells at the faculties, and zealously, organized and aggressively acted among the student population. Insisting on a radical solution to the existing general political and socio-economic problems, as well as university and student issues, attracted a large number of Belgrade students to the communist student movement, who took part in numerous demonstrations, strikes and incidents. The ideological-political platform and forms of action of other political organizations at the University, primarily national and right oriented, were largely directed against the influence and actions of communist students. After the outbreak of World War II and the signing of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact in 1939, the mutual relations of political organizations at the University became significantly strained. Opposing organizations of Belgrade student youth fought a verbal war on the night of the outbreak of the Second World War on the territory of Yugoslavia, but also often real street battles, in which all the irreconcilability and sharpness of conflicting ideologies of wider political organizations they represented were manifested. It will soon turn out that it was just a preparation for serious, armed and bloody conflicts during the civil war that broke out as part of World War II.

As formally democratic political systems around the world become authoritarian neoliberal regimes, counter-movements are emerging in the form of municipalist platforms. In this context, the post-Yugoslav space is witnessing the confluence of protests that produce initiatives of this type, for example in Zagreb and Belgrade. These practices can only be understood when looking at specific local conditions and general structural conditions. In this paper, the emergence of new municipalisms in both cities is the starting point for analysing a specific set of contradictions and initiatives. They in turn form part of a broader development framed by the turbulence of the ten years that followed the crisis and which potentially represent democratic ruptures in neoliberal authoritarian nation-states. This paper therefore investigates their societal conditions of existence and the role state apparatuses can play as the settings for emancipatory struggles.

This article discusses the implementation of two large-scale urban waterfront projects that are currently under construction in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) capital cities of Belgrade and Bratislava. Against the backdrop of postsocialist urban studies and recent reflections on urban or ‘world-city’ entrepreneurialism (Golubchikov, 2010), we reveal how both elite-serving projects are being shaped according to their very own structure and agency relations. Our comparative analysis unravels the power-geometry of the decision-making processes that reshape urban planning regulations of both transforming waterfronts. The path-dependent character of “multiple transformations” (Sykora & Bouzarovski, 2012) in the CEE region can, even after three decades, still be traced within the institutional environments, which have been adapting to the existing institutional architecture of global capitalism. Yet, at the same time, the dynamic globalization of this part of the world intensifies its further attractiveness for transnational private investors. As a consequence, public urban planning institutions are lagging behind private investors’ interests, which reshape the temporarily-fixed flows of capital on local waterfronts into landscapes of profits, politics and power. We argue that suchlike large urban developments, focused on promoting urban growth, accelerate the dual character of these cities. Thus, while the differences between both investigated case studies are being highlighted, we simultaneously illustrate how national and local state actors respectively paved the way for private investors, and how this corresponds to similar overarching structural conditions as well as outcomes.

The present paper focuses on the area of the Serbian capital marked off by two transnational rivers, the Sava and the Danube and by their confluence, which determined the birth and development of Belgrade. This area, target of radical and illegal urban transformations in the last decade, is analysed focusing on local activist groups’ engagements and their reactions to these dynamics. The case explored is a specific place in Belgrade: river Sava and the banks in the vicinity of the confluence. This is a perfect example of landscape intended as a multi-layered concept that connects natural resources, human-made elements and most important – the people and their movements, actions, narration, emotions and relations. The paper describes how this place has been transformed through time, in cultural, ecological and physical sense, and it will mostly analyse the social consequences that the mentioned transformations have left on local citizens and on the way they are reacting to that, gathered in the neighbourly, activist groups.

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The subject of this paper are cultural representations of disease, care and dependence in households of the so-called "mature coresidency". This concept refers to families in which parents live with their adult children and focuses on the phenomenon of "extended youth" -- longer transition to adulthood, economic and residential dependence of young people in the parental home. The life of young people with their parents, in research and narratives, is often perceived as a forced, conditioned by the political and economic situation in the country. Having in mind the circumstances under which the situation with the COVID-19 pandemic developed and changed, from months of fear and panic to formal closure in the form of quarantine, I discuss family dynamics, division of labor, and possible changes in the roles of family members responsible for household maintenance, grocery shopping etc. Furthermore, I analyze whether the attitude towards living together has changed in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, by examining how interlocutors interpret their own roles, obligations within the household and care for its members. The aim of this paper is to review the opportunities and limitations of family cohabitation while examining whether young people and their parents perceive coresidency during the pandemic as a positive and strategic, or a negative and dangerous circumstance. Moreover, it will be discussed if young people, perceived as a risk in public sphere, are also perceived as a risk within their own households. The paper relies on the results of a qualitative research conducted in Belgrade since April 2020 among young adults their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]