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This review highlights our recent efforts in the development of organic semiconductors based on anthradithiophene (ADT), dithienothiophene (DTT), tetrathienoacene (TTA), benzothienodithiophene (BTDT), benzothienothiophene (BTT), chalcogen‐planarized BT, and some quinoidal oligothiophenes for the application of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). We visualized various strategies that have been employed in molecular architecture to improve the stability as well as solubility, and the energy levels are tuned for efficient hole/electron injection, thus leading to high‐performance solution processable OTFTs. The obtained mobility was correlated with the molecular stacking pattern and film morphology/microstructure of the semiconductors. Overall, this review presents information that aids reliable OTFT data analysis and provide guidelines for the development of next‐generation organic semiconductors. At present, the p‐type and n‐type OTFTs developed by our group are able to reach the mobilities of over 4.01 and 2.5 cm2V−1s−1, respectively. In addition, we also demonstrated the utilization of these conjugated moieties in development of high performance dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and hole transporting materials (HTM) as well as non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This review examines strategies employed in molecular architecture to increase stability and solubility, and the energy levels used to optimize hole/electron injection, leading to high‐performance solution‐processable OTFTs.

A facile synthesis of a bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) codoped with carbon nanodots (CNDs) (Co/Mn@CNDs-MOF) via solvothermal treatment is reported. In this study, we prepared a composite material with nanofusiform-like structures as an efficient earth-abundant oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst, its morphology was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the calculated average particle size of the Co/Mn@CNDs-MOF was 10.5 nm. Electrochemical methods were performed to examine the catalytic OER of the Co/Mn@CNDs-MOF electrode. The MOF composite revealed high current densities of 50 and 100 mA/cm2at 280 and 320 mV overpotentials, respectively, with a low Tafel slope of 140 mV dec–1in a 1 M KOH aqueous electrolyte toward OER. Here, the incorporation of CNDs into a bimetallic MOF increases the surface area, active sites, and moreover the electrocatalytic activity of the composite, revealing almost equal properties when compared to a commercial catalyst, ruthenium oxide (RuO2). This research provides an outstanding avenue to realize multifunctional electrocatalysts.

Among the optimistic areas of research, is the creation of novel C−C, C−N, and C−O bonds by replacing toxic and waste‐generating chemicals with alcohols as more sustainable and greener reagents. The co‐existence of molecular oxygen and TBHP was admired by its capacity to oxidize and cyclize to form biologically active acridine‐1,8‐dione derivatives from alcohol, aniline and dimedone without any metal catalyst. The decomposition of TBHP and aeration of molecular oxygen on the surface of water was the key factor for effective catalytic outcome. The current method exhibits tolerance for diverse substrates to afford acridine‐1,8‐dione derivatives (18 compounds) with high yield (up to 95 %). Additionally, the photophysical properties of the acridine‐1,8‐dione derivatives were also studied, and found that few of the acridine‐1,8‐dione derivatives have shown appreciable Aggregation Induced Emission Enhancement (AIEE) behaviour. A metal, ligand, and additive‐free aerobic oxidative annulation strategy was employed to synthesize fluorescent acridine‐1,8‐diones using TBHP in water. Various acridine‐1,8‐diones were prepared from readily available benzyl alcohol, 1,3‐diketone, and aniline under mild conditions, further, photophysical properties of acridine‐1,8‐dione derivatives were analyzed using acetonitrile unfolding good deep blue emission and AIEE behaviour.

In this work, we investigate gold surface dissolution under cathodic potentials as a function of crystal orientation using cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy to determine to what extent cathodic corrosion is anisotropic in nature. Additional experiments were performed to gain insights into the effect of the presence of CO on cathodic corrosion. Carbon monoxide experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of more realistic reaction conditions on cathodic corrosion as they might be found in gold-driven CO2electrolyzers, although the effects of the presence of CO2(reactant) and carbonate salts (typically present in the reaction medium) were excluded from this study. It was found that cathodic corrosion of gold is strongly anisotropic, with stepped surfaces and the {110} plane being most susceptible to dissolution, whereas the {111} and {100} planes were much more resilient to dissolution. On these more stable surfaces, nanocrystallite growth was observed instead, which we hypothesize originates from redeposition of the gold that dissolves from the more corrosive, more open, and/or defective facets. Finally, the presence of carbon monoxide was found to slightly enhance the rate of surface change, as evidenced by increases in charge in cyclic voltammograms after corrosion and an earlier onset of crystallite growth on the {111} and {100} planes, which we ascribe to enhanced gold mobility due to the strong bond formed between CO and gold in alkaline media.

ABSTRACTThe effects of fuel injection strategies on the characteristics of common rail diesel injection engine using mahua methyl ester (MME20) blend have been investigated. Fuel injection strategies such as fuel pressure and split injection have been implemented on a test engine. When MME20 was used as the fuel on mechanical injection at an injection pressure of 22 MPa, specific fuel consumption and NOxemission were found to be increased and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) decreased. In the first phase, in order to optimise the utilisation of the mahua methyl ester blend, fuel injection pressure was increased from 20 to 50 MPa with an increment of 10 MPa. The experimental observation reveals that high fuel injection pressure (50 MPa) exhibits higher BTE and better combustion characteristics when compared with decremented injection pressures. HC, CO and smoke level decreased with an increase in injection pressure due to better-atomised spray and mixture formation. In the second phase, implementation of spilt injection 5% MME20 as pilot injection at 5°, 10° and 15° CA before main injection was identified with the decrease of HC, CO, NOxand smoke emission with marginal sacrifice of BTE compared with diesel fuel.

Effluent from paper industry was oxygenated till saturation using Lark Hygiene Fermenter at 25°C under real time environment. Time, speed, and feed concentration were selected as dominant input factors to determine the dissolved oxygen (DO) under response surface methodology (RSM) based Box–Behnken design to provide 17 experimental runs. The experimental results were optimized using RSM and artificial neural networks (ANN). From RSM analysis, a second-order quadratic representation for single objective optimization was successfully fitted which produced R2= 99.07 and R2adj= 97.87. Analysis of variance results shows that time and feed concentration were the most significant parameters than the speed, influencing the DO. Another single objective optimization tool ANN produced R2= 96.27 and R2adj= 94.06. Validation analysis provided the predicted values by RSM and ANN were close to the validation values, whereas RSM showed a better prediction than the ANN with the lowest deviation. Hence, the optimal condition predicted by RSM was taken to conduct the confirmatory experiment. The confirmatory experimental condition of time at 6 min, speed of 142 rpm with 90% concentration produced the minimal DO of 5.38 ppm. The error percentage of the predicted with confirmatory experimental and theoretical equations results were 1.11% and 0.035%, respectively, which validates the predicted model.

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to evaluate modelling relationships between pig’s body surface temperature and ambient environment including inside and outside of pig barn. For this purpose, four different artificial neural network (ANN), including Feed Forward Back-propagation (FFB), Layer recurrent (LR), Elman (EL) and Cascade Forward Back-propagation (CFB) with different learning algorithms, transfer functions, hidden layers and neuron in each layer, and multi-linear regression (MLR) models have been performed to predict body temperature of pig. Six two-month-old pigs were studied over a period of 92 days during two years (2017–2018) to develop and evaluate the ANN and MLR models. The performance of the models in predicting pig’s body temperature was determined using statistical quality parameters, including coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The FFB model with the Levenberg-Marquardt training function, Gradient descent weight and bias learning function, Log-sigmoid transfer function and two hidden layers with 20 neurons was found as the best model. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the temperature-humidity index (THI) inside the room is the most influential factor in predicting pig’s body temperature in the MLR/ANN models.

Kerala Ayurveda Ostoact Tablet (OAT) is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation that might use for the management of joint pain, bone pain and arthritis. The goal of present research was to evaluate the activity of OAT in improving postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

The pressing need to meet sustainability and climate objectives has prompted a call for expanding the use of renewable energy sources, improving the intelligence and flexibility of electricity grids, and increasing the adoption of electric vehicles and other electricity-powered products. In light of their numerous benefits, widespread electrification and digital technologies can form the basis of energy and climate policy. This research presents an innovative biased transformer and digital twin battery model to support the wind energy based electric vehicle battery charging system. During periods of low and moderate wind, the biased transformer is utilized to increase the voltage for charging electric vehicles. A digital twin of the battery system creates a window into battery charging and aging levels by evaluating the data gathered based on internal resistance. Furthermore, the State of Charge estimation model and different internal resistance estimation algorithms are also exploited. A novel method for precise State of Charge (SOC) estimation in third-gen battery models is presented, integrating Collaborative Gradient Boosting and Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (AEKF). This approach, implemented in MATLAB Simulink, combines machine learning and adaptive filtering, enhancing accuracy and adaptability for efficient battery management. The functionalities and resilience of both hardware and software of the proposed system are validated under field operation.

Addressing the challenge of cost-effectively synthesizing stable thermal barrier coating materials has been a significant hurdle. This study describes the bulk synthesis of stannate-based pyrochlore compounds, specifically erbium tin oxide (Er2Sn2O7) and yttrium tin oxide (Y2Sn2O7). These synthesized pyrochlore oxides and commercially available yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were coated onto nickel super alloy. The coated specimens were subjected to thermal oxidation kinetics studies at 900 ± 5°C for 200 h, and alterations in physico-chemical characteristics, modifications in surface morphology, and variations in the composition of thermal barrier coating (TBCs) before and after exposure to oxidation conditions were evaluated. Oxidation kinetics results demonstrate that Er2Sn2O7pyrochlore oxide has better performance than other Y2Sn2O7and commercial YSZ TBC materials in high-temperature thermal barrier systems.

•Computational investigations of the interaction of neurotransmitter and metal cluster (Pt3) with gas phase and different phase are investigated.•The adsorption energies of neurotransmitter with platinum metal cluster (gas phase) are the highest absorption energy.•The studies ELF, LOL and ALIE confirm the electron delocalization energies and RDG study confirm the non-covalent interactions.•The electrophilic and nucleophilic attractions of the neurotransmitter with Pt3 metal clusters are revealed by the MEP investigation, while the FMO analysis reveals very low energy gap values.•Non-covalent interaction studies showed that the molecules interacted strongly with the metal clusters.

•Electronic properties were analysed using five different solvents.•Electrophilic and nucleophilic attacking sites are confirmed.•The active sites were determined using molecular electrostatic potential, ELF, LOL, ALIE and RDG.•Condensed Fukui function, natural bond orbital (NBO) and NLO property were discussed.•Docking study was done against 7WCL protein.

Propolis from apiculture is known for wide range of medicinal properties owing to its vast chemical constituents including polyphenols, flavonoids and anticancer agent Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE).

CAR T cells represent a promising therapy for a growing list of tumors. Despite high initial response rates, 50-60% of patients relapse within 1 year after CAR T cell infusion. Heterogeneity of target antigen expression can lead to outgrowth of tumor cells with low or negative antigen levels. Conventional CARs require high antigen levels for efficient T cell activation and tumor elimination. By contrast, T cell receptors (TCRs) are 10-100 times more sensitive than CARs. To achieve greater antigen sensitivity, we and others designed synthetic hybrid T cell receptors by fusing antibody-based recognition domains to TCRa and TCRb constant chains. Here we extend the initial monospecific design to incorporate two antigen recognition domains.

The antibacterial and anticancer activities were evaluated for the biologically fabricated silver nanomaterials (AgNMs) using Streptomyces sp. The AgNMs were characterised by UV visible spectra at 429 nm and X-ray diffraction pattern in 38.10° (111), 43.68° (200), 63.9° (220) and 79.96° (311) were confirmed the face centred cubic crystal system. The electron microscopic analysis was confirmed that the particles were in spherical shape with an average particle size of 30 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that the Streptomyces sp. was involved in the reduction process of nanomaterial fabrication. The photoluminescence properties of the AgNMs were inspected via PL spectrum and attained prominent emission peak at 544 nm. The AgNMs gave promising antibacterial activity against E-colicomparing with other microorganisms. The anticancer activity of AgNMs was investigated against the human breast cancer cell line and it provides extraordinary toxicity against the cell line. This result confirms the potential scope for the usage of marine bacteria in an effective manner to the pharmaceutical fields.

Zirconia based nanocomposites have attracted much research attention in recent years due to their exceptional biomedicinal activities. Rhizome extracts of Corallocarpus epigaeusbased ZrO2/CuO–ZnO nanocomposite were green synthesized in a facile synthesis strategy. The nanocomposites were examined with XRD technique for their structural information and FT-IR technique for surface functional group analysis. Electron microscopic images aided to elucidate the CuO and ZnO nanoparticles decorated ZrO2nanostructures. UV–vis absorption spectroscopic studies of the nanocomposite revealed the characteristic UV absorption of ZrO2and enhanced visible region absorption for the incorporated nanoparticles. Antibacterial and antifungal studies indicated enhanced activity of nanocomposites over the pristine zirconia nanoparticles. ZrO2/CuO–ZnO nanocomposite had exhibited about 75% of α-amylase inhibition activity, whereas pristine ZrO2nanoparticles had exhibited only 57% suggesting the worthwhile application in the antidiabetic activity of the nanocomposite.