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Background: Many bacteria are capable of reducing selenium oxyanions, primarily selenite (SeO32-), in most cases forming selenium(0) nanostructures. The mechanisms of these transformations may vary for different bacterial species and have so far not yet been clarified in detail. Bacteria of the genus Azospirillum, including ubiquitous phytostimulating rhizobacteria, are widely studied and have potential for agricultural biotechnology and bioremediation of excessively seleniferous soils, as they are able to reduce selenite ions. Methods: Cultures of A.brasilense Sp7 and its derivatives (mutant strains) were grown on the modified liquid malate salt medium in the presence or absence of selenite. The following methods were used: spectrophotometric monitoring of bacterial growth; inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis in bacteria by L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO); optical selenite and nitrite reduction assays; transmission electron microscopy of cells grown with and without BSO and/or selenite. Results: In a set of separate comparative studies of nitrite and selenite reduction by the wild-type strain A.brasilense Sp7 and its three specially selected derivatives (mutant strains) with different rates of nitrite reduction, a direct correlation was found between their nitrite and selenite reduction rates for all the strains used in the study. Moreover, for BSO it has been shown that its presence does not block selenite reduction in A.brasilense Sp7. Conclusions: Evidence has been presented for the first time for bacteria of the genus Azospirillum that the denitrification pathway known to be inherent in these bacteria, including nitrite reductase, is likely to be involved in selenite reduction. The results using BSO also imply that detoxification of selenite through the GSH redox system (which is commonly considered as the primary mechanism of selenite reduction in many bacteria) does not play a significant role in A.brasilense. The acquired knowledge on the mechanisms underlying biogenic transformations of inorganic selenium in A.brasilense is a step forward both in understanding the biogeochemical selenium cycle and to a variety of potential nano- and biotechnological applications.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plants is produced in relatively large amounts and plays a universal role in plant defense and physiological responses, including the regulation of growth and development. In the Rhizobium–legume symbiosis, hydrogen peroxide plays an important signaling role throughout the development of this interaction. In the functioning nodule, H2O2 has been shown to be involved in bacterial differentiation into the symbiotic form and in nodule senescence. In this study, the pattern of H2O2 accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum L.) wild-type and mutant nodules blocked at different stages of the infection process was analyzed using a cytochemical reaction with cerium chloride. The observed dynamics of H2O2 deposition in the infection thread walls indicated that the distribution of H2O2 was apparently related to the stiffness of the infection thread wall. The dynamics of H2O2 accumulation was traced, and its patterns in different nodule zones were determined in order to investigate the relationship of H2O2 localization and distribution with the stages of symbiotic nodule development in P. sativum. The patterns of H2O2 localization in different zones of the indeterminate nodule have been partially confirmed by comparative analysis on mutant genotypes.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus continuously acquires mutations, leading to the emergence of new variants. Notably, the effectiveness of global vaccination efforts has significantly declined with the rise and spread of the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant. Methods: The study used virological, immunological and histological research methods, as well as methods of working with laboratory animals. In this study, we evaluated the Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), an adenoviral vaccine developed by the N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, and conducted experiments on hemizygous K18-ACE2-transgenic F1 mice. The variants studied included B.1.1.1, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.1.28/P.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.1.529 BA.5. Results: Our findings demonstrate that the Sputnik V vaccine elicits a robust humoral and cellular immune response, effectively protecting vaccinated animals from challenges posed by various SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, we observed a notable reduction in vaccine efficacy against the B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.5) variant. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ongoing monitoring of emerging mutations is crucial to assess vaccine efficacy against new SARS-CoV-2 variants to identify those with pandemic potential. If protective efficacy declines, it will be imperative to develop new vaccines tailored to current variants of the virus.

SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, is characterized by rapid evolution, which poses a significant public health challenge. Effective vaccines that provide robust protection, elicit strong immune responses, exhibit favorable safety profiles, and enable cost-effective large-scale production are crucial. The RBD-Fc-based Betuvax-CoV-2 vaccine has previously demonstrated a favorable safety profile and induced a significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response in clinical trials. Due to the rapid evolution and emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains, the relevance of bivalent vaccine formulations has increased. Methods: This study compared the neutralizing capacity of monovalent and bivalent vaccine formulations against different SARS-CoV-2 strains detected with a SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay (MNT). Findings: The monovalent Wuhan-based vaccine generated neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan and Omicron BA.2 variants but not the distinct Omicron BQ.1 strain. Conversely, the monovalent BA.2-based vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies against both Omicron strains but not Wuhan. While the bivalent Wuhan and BA.2-based vaccine was effective against strains containing the same antigens, it was insufficient to neutralize the distinctive BQ.1 strain at a small dosage. Interpretation: These findings suggest that the vaccine composition should closely match the circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain to elicit the optimal neutralizing antibody response and include the appropriate dosage. Moreover, this study did not find additional advantages of using the bivalent form over the monovalent form for the vaccination against a single prevailing SARS-CoV-2 strain.

Objective: Multidrug-resistant, highly pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are the primary causative agents of intestinal and extraintestinal human diseases. The extensive utilization of antibiotics for farm animals has been identified as a contributing factor to the emergence and dissemination of E. coli strains that exhibit multidrug resistance and possess high pathogenic potential. Consequently, a significant research objective is to examine the genetic diversity of pathogenic E. coli strains and to identify those that may pose a threat to human health. Methods: In this study, we present the results of genome sequencing and analysis, as well as the physiological characterization of E. coli strain APEC 36, which was isolated from the liver of a broiler chicken with generalized colibacillosis. Results: We found that APEC 36 possess a number of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including antibiotic efflux, antibiotic inactivation, and antibiotic target alteration/replacement/protection. The most widely represented group among these mechanisms was that of antibiotic efflux. This finding is consistent with the strain’s documented resistance to multiple antibiotics. APEC 36 has an extremely rare variant of the beta-lactamase CTX-M-169. Notwithstanding the multitude of systems for interfering with foreign DNA present in the strain, seven plasmids have been identified, three of which may possess novel replication origins. Additionally, qnrS1, which confers resistance to fluoroquinolones, was found to be encoded in the genome rather than in the plasmid. This suggests that the determinants of antibiotic resistance may be captured in the genome and stably transmitted from generation to generation. Conclusions: The APEC 36 strain has genes for toxins, adhesins, protectins, and an iron uptake system. The obtained set of genetic and physiological characteristics allowed us to assume that this strain has a high pathogenic potential for humans.

Background. Currently, it is known that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the functioning of the immune system, and a rebalancing of the bacterial community can arouse complex immune reactions and lead to immune-mediated responses in an organism, in particular, the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cytokines and chemokines are regulators of the innate and adaptive immune response and represent the most important biomarkers of the immune system. It is known that changes in cytokine profiles are a hallmark of many diseases, including atopy. However, it remains unclear how the bacterial imbalance disrupts the function of the immune response in AD. Objectives. We attempted to determine the role of gut bacteria in modulating cytokine pathways and their role in atopic inflammation. Methods. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene from 50 stool samples of children aged 3–12 years who had confirmed atopic dermatitis, and 50 samples from healthy children to serve as a control group. To evaluate the immune status, we conducted a multiplex immunofluorescence assay and measured the levels of 41 cytokines and chemokines in the serum of all participants. Results. To find out whether changes in the composition of the gut microbiota were significantly associated with changes in the level of inflammatory cytokines, a correlation was calculated between each pair of bacterial family and cytokine. In the AD group, 191 correlations were significant (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, p ≤ 0.05), 85 of which were positive and 106 which were negative. Conclusions. It has been demonstrated that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with alterations in cytokine profiles, specifically an increase in proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. This may indicate a systemic impact of these conditions, leading to an imbalance in the immune system’s response to the Th2 type. As a result, atopic conditions may develop. Additionally, a correlation between known AD biomarkers (IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, CCL22, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and alterations in the abundance of bacterial families (Pasteurellaceae, Barnesiellaceae, Eubacteriaceae) was observed.

This study considers the regularities in the formation of amorphous–crystalline coatings with zinc oxide and wollastonite particles via micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on metal substrates made from a Mg-0.8 wt.% Ca alloy. The combination of components with increased antibacterial and osteogenic properties made it possible to obtain a unique bioactive and corrosion-resistant coating that slowed down the bioresorption of a magnesium implant and stimulated the processes of osteointegration. The coating was examined using various methods, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, scratch testing, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization testing. As a result of plasma-chemical interactions between electrolyte components and the magnesium substrate, a porous amorphous–crystalline coating comprising wollastonite (CaSiO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), forsterite (Mg2SiO4), and periclase (MgO) was formed at varying voltages (350–500 V) during the MAO process. The protective properties of the coating were exceptional, as evidenced by the mass loss values of the coated samples (1.4–2.3%) in 0.9% NaCl solution, which were significantly lower than the mass loss of the uncoated alloy (8.9%). The coating synthesized at a voltage of 500 V was characterized by a maximum zinc content of 8 at.%, which was responsible for the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (99.1%).

Binary and ternary copolymers of acrylonitrile (AN), tert-butyl acrylate (TBA), and n-butyl acrylate (BA) are synthesized through conventional radical polymerization in DMSO in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The thermal behavior of binary and ternary copolymers is studied under argon atmosphere and in air. It is demonstrated that the copolymers of AN contain 1–10 mol.% of TBA split isobutylene upon heating above 160 °C, resulting in the formation of the units of acrylic acid in the chain. The carboxylic groups formed in situ are responsible for the ionic mechanism of cyclization, which starts at lower temperatures compared with pure polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or AN copolymer with BA. The activation energy of cyclization through ionic and radical mechanisms depends on copolymer composition. For the ionic mechanism, the activation energy lies in the range ca. 100–130 kJ/mole, while for the radical mechanism, it lies in the range ca. 150–190 kJ/mole. The increase in the TBA molar part in the copolymer is followed by faster consumption of nitrile groups and the evolution of a ladder structure in both binary and ternary copolymers. Thus, the incorporation of a certain amount of TBA in PAN or its copolymer with BA allows tuning the temperature range of cyclization. This feature seems attractive for applications in the production of melt-spun PAN by choosing the appropriate copolymer composition and heating mode.

Territorial inventories of geosites remain on the international agenda, and they can help in acquiring information for solving pure geological research tasks. New field investigations in the northern part of Mountainous Adygeya (geoheritage-rich territory in the western Greater Caucasus) permitted us to extend our knowledge of its geosites. Five geosites were described qualitatively and assessed semi-quantitatively, namely the Polkovnitskaya River Valley (ammonite-bearing concretions of Aptian glauconitic sandstones), the Little Khadzhokh River Valley (Aptian glauconitic sandstones with fossils and trace fossils), the Shakhan and Middle Khadzhokh River Valley (Upper Jurassic variegated siliciclastics, Hauterivian fluvial and deltaic sandstones, mixed ancient and modern clastic material), the Big Khadzhoh Waterfall (splendid waterfall and exposures of locally folded Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian limestones), and the Verblyud Mountain (small, camel-shaped cuesta’s remnant). They were ranked nationally (one geosite), regionally (three geosites), and locally (one geosite). Close examination of the considered geosites permitted to register pure geological peculiarities (changes in the dip direction between sedimentary packages), which indicate the tectonic activity across the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition. Additionally, complex accessibility patterns were established in some geosites, and these patterns should be addressed in further refinements of the semi-quantitative approaches to geosite assessment.

The mechanisms responsible for the growth and development of vascular beds in intestinal villi during postnatal ontogenesis remain enigmatic. For instance, according to the current consensus, in the sprouting type of angiogenesis, there is no blood flow in the rising capillary sprout. However, it is known that biomechanical forces resulting from blood flow play a key role in these processes. Here, we present evidence for the existence of the intussusception type of angiogenesis during the postnatal development of micro-vessel patterns in the intestinal villi of rats. This process is based on the high-level flattening of blood capillaries on the flat surfaces of intestinal villi, contacts among the opposite apical plasma membrane of endothelial cells in the area of inter-endothelial contacts, or the formation of bridges composed of blood leucocytes or local microthrombi. We identified factors that, in our opinion, ensure the splitting of the capillary lumen and the formation of two parallel vessels. These phenomena are in agreement with previously described features of intussusception angiogenesis.

Wildfires and logging play an important role in regulating soil carbon fluxes in forest ecosystems. In Siberia, large areas are disturbed by fires and logging annually. Climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure have resulted in the expansion of disturbed areas in recent decades. However, few studies have focused on the effects of these disturbances on soil CO2 efflux in the vast Siberian areas. The objective of our research was to evaluate differences in CO2 efflux from soils to the atmosphere between undisturbed sites and sites affected by wildfire and logging in Scots pine forests of southern Siberia. We examined 35 plots (undisturbed forest, burned forest, logged plots, and logged and burned plots) on six study sites in the Angara region and four sites in the Zabaikal region. Soil CO2 efflux was measured using an LI-800 infrared gas analyzer. We found that both fire and logging significantly reduced soil efflux in the first years after a disturbance due to a reduction in vegetation biomass and consumption of the forest floor. We found a substantially lower CO2 efflux in forests burned by high-severity fires (74% less compared to undisturbed forests) than in forests burned by moderate-severity (60% less) and low-severity (37% less) fires. Clearcut logging resulted in 6–60% lower soil CO2 efflux at most study sites, while multiple disturbances (logging and fire) had 48–94% lower efflux. The soil efflux rate increased exponentially with increasing soil temperature in undisturbed Scots pine forests (p < 0.001) and on logged plots (p < 0.03), while an inverse relationship to soil temperature was observed in burned forests (p < 0.03). We also found a positive relationship (R = 0.60–0.83, p < 0.001) between ground cover depth and soil CO2 efflux across all the plots studied. Our results demonstrate the importance of disturbance factors in the assessment of regional and global carbon fluxes. The drastic changes in CO2 flux rates following fire and logging should be incorporated into carbon balance models to improve their reliability in a changing environment.

The temperature-sensitive Drosophila mutant agnts3 exhibits the restoration of learning defects both after heat shock (HS) and under hypomagnetic conditions (HMC). Previously, agnts3 was shown to have an increased level of LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1). However, its limk1 sequence did not significantly differ from that of the wild-type strain Canton-S (CS). Here, we performed whole-genome and poly(A)-enriched transcriptome sequencing of CS and agnts3 males normally, after HMC, and after HS. Several high-effect agnts3-specific mutations were identified, including MED23 (regulation of HS-dependent transcription) and Spn42De, the human orthologs of which are associated with intellectual disorders. Pronounced interstrain differences between the transcription profiles were revealed. Mainly, they included the genes of defense and stress response, long non-coding RNAs, and transposons. After HS, the differences between the transcriptomes became less pronounced. In agnts3, prosalpha1 was the only gene whose expression changed after both HS and HMC. The normal downregulation of prosalpha1 and Spn42De in agnts3 was confirmed by RT-PCR. Analysis of limk1 expression did not reveal any interstrain differences or changes after stress. Thus, behavioral differences between CS and agnts3 both under normal and stressed conditions are not due to differences in limk1 transcription. Instead, MED23, Spn42De, and prosalpha1 are more likely to contribute to the agnts3 phenotype.

99mTc is a well-known radionuclide that is widely used and readily available for SPECT/CT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography) diagnosis. However, commercial isotope carriers are not specific enough to tumours, rapidly clear from the bloodstream, and are not safe. To overcome these limitations, we suggest immunologically compatible recombinant proteins containing a combination of metal binding sites as 99mTc chelators and several different tumour-specific ligands for early detection of tumours. E1b protein containing metal-binding centres and tumour-specific ligands targeting integrin αvβ3 and nucleolin, as well as a short Cys-rich sequence, was artificially constructed. It was produced in E. coli, purified by metal-chelate chromatography, and used to obtain a complex with 99mTc. This was administered intravenously to healthy Balb/C mice at an activity dose of about 80 MBq per mouse, and the biodistribution was studied by SPECT/CT for 24 h. Free sodium 99mTc-pertechnetate at the same dose was used as a reference. The selectivity of 99mTc-E1b and the kinetics of isotope retention in tumours were then investigated in experiments in C57Bl/6 and Balb/C mice with subcutaneously transplanted lung carcinoma (LLC) or mammary adenocarcinoma (Ca755, EMT6, or 4T1). The radionuclide distribution ratio in tumour and adjacent normal tissue (T/N) steadily increased over 24 h, reaching 15.7 ± 4.2 for EMT6, 16.5 ± 3.8 for Ca755, 6.7 ± 4.2 for LLC, and 7.5 ± 3.1 for 4T1.

Magnesium alloys are considered as promising materials for use as biodegradable implants due to their biocompatibility and similarity to human bone properties. However, their high corrosion rate in bodily fluids limits their use. To address this issue, amorphization can be used to inhibit microgalvanic corrosion and increase corrosion resistance. The Mg-Zn-Ga metallic glass system was investigated in this study, which shows potential for improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys for biodegradable implants. According to clinical tests, it has been demonstrated that Ga ions are effective in the regeneration of bone tissue. The microstructure, phase composition, and phase transition temperatures of sixteen Mg-Zn-Ga alloys were analyzed. In addition, a liquidus projection of the Mg-Zn-Ga system was constructed and validated through the thermodynamic calculations based on the CALPHAD-type database. Furthermore, amorphous ribbons were prepared by rapid solidification of the melt for prospective alloys. XRD and DSC analysis indicate that the alloys with the most potential possess an amorphous structure. The ribbons exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of up to 524 MPa and a low corrosion rate of 0.1–0.3 mm/year in Hanks’ solution. Therefore, it appears that Mg-Zn-Ga metallic glass alloys could be suitable for biodegradable applications.

The incidence of cervical cancer (CC) in Russia remains at a high level and ranks fourth among all cancers. CC is preceded by mild, moderate, and severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be the main cause for its development being responsible for 99% cancer cases. Despite HPV infection, the oncological process occurs only under certain conditions. There are risk factors that indirectly affect the course and emergence of cervical dysplasia. In recent years, the role of cervico-vaginal microbiome for onset and progression of this pathology has been actively discussed. Many studies evidence that dysbiosis along with cervical intraepithelial dysplasia is associated with increased HPV viral load, additionally allowing to clarify a role of specific microorganisms. Despite the knowledge rapidly accumulating about the nature of vaginal microbiome in cervical precancerous processes, the level of its impact on disease course has not been fully investigated and is of great interest. Identification of microorganisms that affect emergence and progression of this pathology will allow to prevent and apply select approach to treatment of dysbiosis. The aim of our study was to identify a relation between cervical tissue and luminal culturome and severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The study evaluated the microbiota of cervical and cervical canal mucosa biopsy in patients with cervical intraepithelial changes. According to the study results, the Streptococcus genus representatives were significantly more frequent in cervical biopsy specimens in severe dysplasia vs. no cervical intraepithelial changes, whereas cervical canal cultures provided comparable data. Bacteria from the Corynebacterium genus were found in cervical biopsy specimens 3 times more often than in smear from the cervical canal mucous membrane. The microbiota from cervical and cervical canal biopsy specimens differ qualitatively and quantitatively particularly regarding prevalence of Streptococcus spp. representatives being more common in patients with cervical dysplasia. Corynebacterium spp. were detected more often in cervical biopsy specimens than in cervical canal smears. Thus, the method of collecting biological material has a great influence on final results.

The problem of interaction of different cultures in the modern world is very acute. It is connected not only with the multicultural space of Russia. Any country in the world is forced to solve a difficult task: how to ensure the most prosperous and fruitful coexistence and cooperation of representatives of different nationalities within the borders of the state and the national language. Culture and literature solve a similar problem. Interest in the “multicultural field” of Russian literature began to be actively formed in the XIX century, but it reached its maximum point of development in the 1920s at the “breaking of epochs”, at the time of the formation of a new socio-cultural code of the era. In the literature of the post-revolutionary years, there was active work not only on the formation of a new worldview, but also on the creation of a new social and international culture, using the most understandable and meaningful markers of this culture for the readership, i.e. a new code of the era, significantly different from its predecessor. In the article we will consider how dramatically one of the key archetypes of national consciousness (the image of a mother woman) has changed under the influence of new social relations and how this phenomenon has been reflected in the prose of Sholokhov and Babel.

A model of tectonothermal evolution of the Zagan metamorphic core complex (MCC) based on the new data from 40Ar/39Ar dating of amphibole, mica, and apatite fission-track dating is discussed. A relationship with the long-range impact of processes from the collision of the North China (Amurian–North China) block with the Siberian continent in the Mesozoic era is proposed. The Zagan MСС was formed in the Cretaceous period on the southern flank of a high mountain uplift of Western Transbaikalia, composed of late Paleozoic granitoids of the Angara–Vitim batholith. According to 40Ar/39Ar dating of amphiboles and micas from the mylonite zone, the active development time of the Zagan MCC corresponds to the early Cretaceous epoch (131, 114 Ma). The tectonic exposure of the core from about 15 km to the depths of about 10 km occurred at a rate of tectonic erosion of 0.4–0.3 mm/year as a result of post-collisional extension of the Mongol–Okhotsk orogen. Apatite fission-track dating shows that further exhumation and cooling of the rocks to about 3 km occurred in the lower-upper Cretaceous epoch (112, 87 Ma). The erosional denudation rate was about 0.3 mm/year.MCC- metamorphic core complexes, AFT- apatite fission-track

Background. The high prevalence of periodontal diseases in the elderly, the presence of xerostomia in 30 % of their number, the disadvantages of classical therapies, as well as the occurrence of complications, create the need to search for and use new techniques and drugs in the treatment of this disease. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of xerostomia that occurs in inflammatory periodontal diseases using an individual prevention program, including the use of a massage device and mouthwash with chlorella suspension in elderly patients. Materials and methods. The object of the study was 60 people of both sexes aged 60 to 74 years. The objects of the study were randomly divided into 2 groups. The hygiene index (GI), a simplified Green, Vermillion index (OHI-S) (1964), was determined for all patients, pH values and the amount of saliva secreted were analyzed using an individual prevention program using a massage device and mouthwash with chlorella suspension. The evaluation of the studied parameters was carried out before treatment, 14 days later and 6 months after the end of therapy. Results and conclusions. It was found that the studied indicators demonstrated an improvement in the hygienic condition of the oral cavity, an increase in salivation and a decrease in saliva acidity.

Hibernation is a period of metabolic suppression utilized by many small and large mammal species to survive during winter periods. As the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, our study aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle myosin and its metabolic efficiency undergo alterations during hibernation to optimize energy utilization. We isolated muscle fibers from small hibernators, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus and Eliomys quercinus and larger hibernators, Ursus arctos and Ursus americanus. We then conducted loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments alongside X-ray diffraction to measure resting myosin dynamics and its ATP demand. In parallel, we performed multiple proteomics analyses. Our results showed a preservation of myosin structure in U. arctos and U. americanus during hibernation, whilst in I. tridecemlineatus and E. quercinus, changes in myosin metabolic states during torpor unexpectedly led to higher levels in energy expenditure of type II, fast-twitch muscle fibers at ambient lab temperatures (20 °C). Upon repeating loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments at 8 °C (near the body temperature of torpid animals), we found that myosin ATP consumption in type II muscle fibers was reduced by 77–107% during torpor compared to active periods. Additionally, we observed Myh2 hyper-phosphorylation during torpor in I. tridecemilineatus, which was predicted to stabilize the myosin molecule. This may act as a potential molecular mechanism mitigating myosin-associated increases in skeletal muscle energy expenditure during periods of torpor in response to cold exposure. Altogether, we demonstrate that resting myosin is altered in hibernating mammals, contributing to significant changes to the ATP consumption of skeletal muscle. Additionally, we observe that it is further altered in response to cold exposure and highlight myosin as a potentially contributor to skeletal muscle non-shivering thermogenesis.

Stress-induced promoter-associated and antisense lncRNAs (si-paancRNAs) originate from a reservoir of oxidative stress (OS)-specific promoters via RNAPII pausing-mediated divergent antisense transcription. Several studies have shown that the KDM7A divergent transcript gene (KDM7A-DT), which encodes a si-paancRNA, is overexpressed in some cancer types. However, the mechanisms of this overexpression and its corresponding roles in oncogenesis and cancer progression are poorly understood. We found that KDM7A-DT expression is correlated with highly aggressive cancer types and specific inherently determined subtypes (such as ductal invasive breast carcinoma (BRCA) basal subtype). Its regulation is determined by missense TP53 mutations in a subtype-specific context. KDM7A-DT transcribes several intermediate-sized ncRNAs and a full-length transcript, exhibiting distinct expression and localization patterns. Overexpression of KDM7A-DT upregulates TP53 protein expression and H2AX phosphorylation in nonmalignant fibroblasts, while in semi-transformed fibroblasts, OS superinduces KDM7A-DT expression in a TP53-dependent manner. KDM7A-DT knockdown and gene expression profiling in TP53-missense mutated luminal A BRCA variant, where it is abundantly expressed, indicate its significant role in cancer pathways. Endogenous over-expression of KDM7A-DT inhibits DNA damage response/repair (DDR/R) via the TP53BP1-mediated pathway, reducing apoptosis and promoting G2/M checkpoint arrest. Higher KDM7A-DT expression in BRCA is associated with KDM7A-DT locus gain/amplification, higher histologic grade, aneuploidy, hypoxia, immune modulation scores, and activation of the c-myc pathway. Higher KDM7A-DT expression is associated with relatively poor survival outcomes in patients with luminal A or Basal subtypes. In contrast, it is associated with favorable outcomes in patients with HER2+ER- or luminal B subtypes. KDM7A-DT levels are coregulated with critical transcripts and proteins aberrantly expressed in BRCA, including those involved in DNA repair via non-homologous end joining and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathway. In summary, KDM7A-DT and its si-lncRNA exhibit several intrinsic biological and clinical characteristics that suggest important roles in invasive BRCA and its subtypes. KDM7A-DT-defined mRNA and protein subnetworks offer resources for identifying clinically relevant RNA-based signatures and prospective targets for therapeutic intervention.

Vagal paraganglioma (VPGL) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the paraganglion associated with the vagus nerve. VPGLs present challenges in terms of diagnostics and treatment. VPGL can occur as a hereditary tumor and, like other head and neck paragangliomas, is most frequently associated with mutations in the SDHx genes. However, data regarding the genetics of VPGL are limited. Herein, we report a rare case of a 41-year-old woman with VPGL carrying a germline variant in the FH gene. Using whole-exome sequencing, a variant, FH p.S249R, was identified; no variants were found in other PPGL susceptibility and candidate genes. Loss of heterozygosity analysis revealed the loss of the wild-type allele of the FH gene in the tumor. The pathogenic effect of the p.S249R variant on FH activity was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC). Potentially deleterious somatic variants were found in three genes, SLC7A7, ZNF225, and MED23. The latter two encode transcriptional regulators that can impact gene expression deregulation and are involved in tumor development and progression. Moreover, FH-mutated VPGL was characterized by a molecular phenotype different from SDHx-mutated PPGLs. In conclusion, the association of genetic changes in the FH gene with the development of VPGL was demonstrated. The germline variant FH: p.S249R and somatic deletion of the second allele can lead to biallelic gene damage that promotes tumor initiation. These results expand the clinical and mutation spectra of FH-related disorders and improve our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of VPGL.

Background. The relevance of studying the phenomenon of public catering in the USSR is due to the need to understand the specifics of the Soviet modernity, the implemen-tation of the project of building a new society in the conditions of Stalin’s reconstruction of the national economy. The purpose of the work is to analyze the process of changes in the functioning of public catering in the 1920s – 1930s on the example of Penza region. Materials and methods. Based on the study of a wide range of sources extracted from the central (Russian State Archive of Economics) and local archives (State Archive of Penza region), as well as published documents, the features of the formation of a key branch of the modern economy – public catering in the period of the 1920s – 1930s are revealed. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of social constructionism or con-structivism, in the context of which the main emphasis is placed on the conditionality of the processes of constructing social reality by state ideology and management practice. Com-parative historical and statistical methods were used to identify the regional specifics of the formation of the Soviet public catering. Results. The main principles, features, advantages and disadvantages of the Soviet public catering in various historical periods – the new eco-nomic policy of the 1920s and industrialization of the 1930s – are analyzed on the example of Penza region. Conclusions. In the period of the 1920s – 1930s, continuity in the work of public canteens of Penza province was maintained: class orientation, advantages and problems characteristic of the previous period. A new trend was a temporary relaxation for private capital admitted to the catering sector in the 1920s. During the years of industriali-zation, it became one of the branches of the Soviet economy that contributed to the solution of important state tasks.

В условиях замедления темпов экономического роста актуальным становится вопрос определения отраслей-драйверов, которые обеспечат развитее на новых основаниях. Целью исследования является анализ отраслевых структурных сдвигов в экономике Удмуртской Республики в разрезе укрупненных видов экономической деятельности. Исследователи предположили, что в отраслевой структуре ВРП Удмуртской Республики произошли структурные сдвиги, которые не способствовали ускорению темпов экономичного роста. Для достижения поставленной цели были изучены теоретические аспекты структурных сдвигов, проведен ретроспективный анализ статистических данных за период с 2004 г. по 2021 г. В исследовании использовалась модифицированная методика макроструктурного динамического анализа, в рамках которой сопрягаются структурные сдвиги с темпами роста экономики, анализировались исторические предпосылки формирования структуры, использован индекс физического объема ВРП на душу населения вместо ВРП при оценке качества структурного сдвига, введено понятие «структурный детерминант экономического роста». Было идентифицировано два структурных лага и четыре малых периода, характеризующихся определенным соотношением обрабатывающей и добывающей промышленности, в которых произошло пять значимых структурных сдвигов. Сама отраслевая структура экономики региона является результатом природно-географических и политических факторов. Структурные сдвиги за рассматриваемый период не обеспечили долгосрочного экономического роста и принципиального изменения технологического уклада промышленности региона, так как являлись следствием волатильности мировых цен на нефть. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для разработки региональной структурной политики с позиции отраслей-драйверов, обеспечения устойчивого экономического роста. Важным направлением будущих исследований является обоснование «оптимальности» структуры региональной экономики с учетом взаимозависимости развития отраслей, встроенности в национальную систему производства.

В последние годы рост концентрации и монополизации в банковском секторе России, связанный с доминированием крупнейших банков, был в основе дискуссии об уровне конкуренции в отрасли. Усиление конкуренции и снижение концентрации в финансовом секторе, в том числе на региональном уровне, являлось декларируемой задачей Банка России, решение которой связывается с распространением новых финансовых технологий, цифровизацией банковских услуг и технологиями дистанционного доступа. Целью исследования является оценка динамики концентрации на региональных рынках кредитования населения в период с 2015 г. по 2021 г. и ответ на вопрос, как новые финансовые технологии и цифровизация усиливают конкуренцию в банковском секторе на уровне регионов. Рассчитаны индексы концентрации и количество присутствующих банков на рынках кредитования населения в регионах РФ, а также на этом рынке в стране в целом. Расчеты проведены на основе данных с сайта Банка России, как для рынка кредитования физических лиц, так и отдельно для рынка жилищного кредитования. Они показали, что в эти годы не наблюдалось снижения показателей концентрации. В то же время снижение среднего по регионам числа банков, выдающих кредиты населению, менее значительно, чем снижение общего числа банков, вследствие прихода части банков на рынки тех регионов, где они не работали ранее. Это значит, что расширение оставшимися банками своей деятельности на большее число регионов, в том числе с помощью цифровизации и развития дистанционных методов, потенциально способно усилить конкуренцию в отрасли. Однако пока только небольшой объем кредитов и вкладов населения в регионах обеспечивается банками, не имеющими подразделений в данном регионе. Поэтому пока мало оснований говорить о том, что новые финансовые технологии усиливают конкуренцию в банковском секторе регионов страны.

A comparative study of the effect of drawing and rotary forging on the structure, mechanical and corrosion properties of a new biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg–2Zn–2Ga was carried out. The original 6 mm diameter bars obtained by hot extrusion were reduced to the diameters in the range 5.5–3.3 mm by drawing or rotary forging. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EBSD grain orientation mapping were used to characterize the material microstructure. Tensile testing was performed to determine the mechanical properties. The optimum temperature for rotary forging and annealing after each drawing pass for defect-free bar production was found to be 300 °C. The combination of the highest strength and ductility was achieved in the 4.2 mm diameter drawn bar and is explained by the formation of numerous twin boundaries in the alloy structure. The 3.3 mm diameter bar obtained by drawing as well as the 5.5 mm diameter bar obtained by rotary forging showed a balance between high strength (260–310 MPa) and large elongation (9–12 %). The analysis of the stress-strain curves using Hollomon's equation was conducted. The hydrogen evolution test in Hanks' solution revealed that the drawn bars of diameters 4.2 and 5.2 mm, as well as the rotary forged bar of 5.5 mm possessed 3 times lower corrosion resistance reduced in comparison with the original 6 mm extruded bar. The 3.3 mm diameter drawn bar exhibited the lowest nominal corrosion rate of 0.11 mm/year that offers excellent opportunities for use in medical implants.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, with many forms and localizations, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can affect any organs and tissues of the body. The paper presents a clinical case of tuberculosis of multiple locations, with the presence of resistance of M. tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drugs (moxifloxacin, amikacin, bedaquiline), manifesting with sluggish lymphadenopathy of the submandibular lymph nodes in a child who arrived in russia from Pakistan.

The article presents the results of cognitive, language-and-cultural and sociolinguistic analysis with the goal to distinguish the markers of regional identity in commemorative names, viewed as heroic ideologemes that help in actualizing ideological and axiological ideas of community. The empirical material, that was collected through upstanding sampling from regional web sites and survey, includes region commemorative names represented by nominations of outstanding people and historical events that took place in Chelyabinsk region. Considering cultural history of the territory, the commemorative names could remain in the regional consciousness for a long time without changing the original content. However, the original forms might either be simplified without losing the heroic sense or in the process of transonymization they might fail to keep it in folk naming, undergo renaming, or disappear from the local language landspace. Deglorification may be presented as complete or partial loss of heroic connotations in commemorative names. Heroic meaning of a toponym or microtoponym is kept on in cases of partial deglorification, though being specified by some positive connotations associated with the attitude of the local people to the commemorative name. Heroic meaning of commemorative nomination is faded out in cases of complete deglorification, thus reflecting ironical or contemptuous attitude of the South Ural people to transformed toponyms or microtoponyms. Commemorative toponyms and microtoponyms demonstrate reference to folk nomination; whereas recurrent usage of the same folk names in the answers to the survey is viewed as a reliable proof that regional place names and minor place names are markers of regional identity in the language consciousness of the South Ural people. The results of the study are supposed to be included in the Dictionary of Chelyabinsk regional lexicon.

According to the “Federal Law on the Fundamentals of Protection of the Public Health”, medical care for patients should be provided in accordance with National Russian guidelines for the relevant nosology, which are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The article presents an analysis of the compliance with the completeness of implementation of National Russian guidelines in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) in real clinical practice. The analysis of the actual state of management of DM 2 patients was carried out from the Federal Register of diabetes as of 01.01.2023. Incomplete compliance with the guidelines on the frequency of measuring glycated hemoglobin, the rate of intensification of hypoglycemic therapy, and the appointment of new classes of hypoglycemic drugs was established. Possible reasons for the identified discrepancies between real practice and guidelines requirements are discussed, as well as possible measures to overcome these discrepancies.

Background. Safflower belongs to the category of insurance oilseeds, it is able to grow and form a seed crop for vegetable oils in extremely arid conditions. The production of safflower seeds is associated with extreme conditions, and therefore it is necessary to clarify in the arid climate of the Volgograd region in the zone of light chestnut soils the optimal seed sowing rate and an effective method of sowing it. Purpose. To study and determine the methods of sowing safflower seeds and the optimal sowing rates in agricultural landscapes in the zone of light-chestnut soils, the dry steppe of the Nizhnevolzhsky region to obtain high-quality seeds. Materials and methods. A single-factor field experiment was laid in 2022, in the steppe zone with a hydrothermal coefficient of 0.6-0.4. On the site for obtaining seeds, safflower was sown according to its predecessor - black fallow. Since autumn, the main tillage was carried out - disking, in the spring, spring harrowing in two tracks, followed by pre-sowing cultivation. The cultivars of dyeing safflower Aleksandrit, Volgogradsky 15 were sown, the originator of which is the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The repetition in the experiment is threefold, the variants are continuous. All repetitions in the experiment are placed in one field. The area of the experimental plot is 180 m2. The weather conditions during the period of formation of the safflower crop are characterized as dry, HTC 0.6, and the reserve of productive moisture during the sowing period in the meter layer was 12.72 mm. placement of options is systematic, sequential, in blocks in one tier Results. The conducted studies made it possible to determine that the highest yield of safflower was obtained from the Alexandrite variety of 1.22 t/ha in sowing with row spacing, a width of 15 cm and a seeding rate of 30 kg/ha and a profitability of producing high-quality seeds of 238.9%. Conclusion. Under the conditions of light chestnut soils in the dry steppe of the Volgograd region, it is advisable to sow safflower between rows, the width of which is 15 cm, and the optimal seeding rate is 30 kg/ha, while the economic benefit of seed production will be up to 238.9%.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from mechanical force to the brain and leads to a series of biochemical responses that further damage neurons and supporting cells. Clinically, most TBIs result from an impact to the intact skull, making closed head TBI pre-clinical models highly relevant. However, most of these closed head TBI models use lissencephalic rodents, which may not transduce biomechanical load in the same manner as gyrencephalic humans. To address this translational gap, this study aimed to characterize acute axonal injury and microglial responses in ferrets?the smallest gyrencephalic mammal. Injury was induced in male ferrets (Mustela furo; 1.20?1.51?kg; 6?9 months old) with the novel Closed Head Injury Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA) model. Animals were randomly allocated to either sham (n?=?4), a 22J (joules) impact (n?=?4), or a 27J impact (n?=?4). Axonal injury was examined histologically with amyloid precursor protein (APP), neurofilament M (RMO 14.9) (RMO-14), and phosphorylated tau (AT180) and the microglial response with ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 at 24?h post-injury in gray and white matter regions. Graded axonal injury was observed with modest increases in APP and RMO-14 immunoreactivity in the 22J TBI group, mostly within the corpus callosum and fornix and more extensive diffuse axonal injury encompassing gray matter structures like the thalamus and hypothalamus in the 27J group. Accompanying microglial activation was only observed in the 27J group, most prominently within the white matter tracts in response to the larger amounts of axonal injury. The 27J, but not the 22J, group showed an increase in AT180 within the base of the sulci post-injury. This could suggest that the strain may be highest in this region, demonstrating the different responses in gyrencephalic compared to lissencephalic brains. The CHIMERA model in ferrets mimic many of the histopathological features of human closed head TBI acutely and provides a promising model to investigate the pathophysiology of TBI.

Background. The article is devoted to the semantic and discursive analysis of lexical units of English-language news articles aimed at highlighting the coronavirus issue in the period of 2020-2022. Purpose. The paper presents the results of the analysis of The Guardian news articles devoted to Covid-19 pandemic in the period of 2020-2022. Materials and methods. The news articles of The Guardian newspaper devoted to coronavirus issues were selected as the research materials. The methods of semantic and discourse analysis, partial sampling, as well as descriptive method were used in the study. Results. The article provides a detailed semantic and discursive analysis of the lexical means used in the texts. The analysis results reveal the most typical lexical means, providing such features as informativeness and expressiveness. The article provides a detailed description of functioning of expressive means in the total number of 2658 units. Practical implications. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in practical classes in the disciplines “Practical course of the English language”, “Foreign (English) language”, “Lexical aspects of translation”, as well as when writing term papers and final qualifying papers.

Abstract Objective To understand the extent to which people who smoke, people who vape and nonsmokers would switch between smoking cigarettes and vaping in response to policies (price increases, restrictions on nicotine, places, and information on addictiveness and/or health risks) aimed at decreasing tobacco use by people who smoke and vaping by nonsmokers. Design A total of 525 adults aged 18 to 88 years completed a discrete choice survey of 16 choices between two smoking/vaping alternatives. Analysis was conducted using conditional logistic regression for the entire sample and stratified by nonsmokers, people who smoke, and people who vape. Results The results suggest that most people who vape also smoke. Nonsmokers were more favorable to vaping and were concerned about long-term health risks and cost associated with vaping. Marginal analysis suggests that price increases will have only modest success in moving people who smoke to start vaping or encouraging people who vape to vape rather than use cigarettes. Nonsmokers are not very sensitive to price changes but are sensitive to information about health impacts. Conclusions Findings indicate that increasing the price of cigarettes would lead to a limited increase in the probability of people who smoke switch to vaping. The study advances our understanding of the views of current nonsmokers toward cigarettes and vaping, suggesting that price increases and increased knowledge of addiction would likely deter nonsmokers from vaping. Changing the amount of nicotine associated with smoking would increase the probability of vaping slightly and have little impact on nonsmokers or vaping preferences, but the most significant change would come from increasing the perceptions of the risk of smoking.

The review examines a monograph devoted to the history of the Orthodox parish in Russia in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. In fact, the author includes in his work an overview of a much broader time period: from the publication of the Spiritual Regulations of Theophan Prokopovich, to the present, which allows him to show how the synodal parish system was formed, what caused its crisis, how this crisis was overcome, and also briefly describe the history of the parish organization in the 20th — early 21st centuries. At the same time, the central part of the monograph is devoted to the period from the Great Reforms to the revolution of 1917. The book analyzes in detail the main components of the parish system crisis: the gap between the parish and the peasant community, deprivation of the parish’s independence with the constant increase in fiscal and administrative pressure on it, and growing social distance between parishioners and clergy. The main focus is on the attempts to resolve the parish crisis. The book examines both discussions on the parish issue and practical attempts to implement local transformations, as well as examples that supporters of parish reform could focus on. The discussion around the parish issue (as it is covered in the monograph) focuses on many social problems of the Russian Empire: it is not accidental that it was transferred to the official level during the revolution of 1905–1907. The monograph examines the positions of various actors involved in the struggle for the reform of the parish: parishioners (primarily peasants), parish clergy, episcopate, professors of the theological school, chief prosecutors of the Synod, zemstvo figures, deputies of the Duma, and representatives of the government. Various drafts of the parish charter are analyzed in detail, starting from the one proposed by the Pre-Council Convention and ending with that adopted by the Local Council of 1917–1918. The monograph contains vivid characteristics of various figures of the second half of 19th — early 20th centuries, given through the disclosure of a person’s position on the parish issue. The final part traces the fate of the Orthodox parish in the 20th — early 21st centuries.

Relevance. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is an acute infectious disease with an extremely high case fatality rate reaching up to 90%. EVD has become widely known since 20142016, when outbreak in West Africa occurred and led to epidemic, which caused travel-related cases on the territory of other continents. There are two vaccines against EVD, prequalified by WHO for emergency use, as well as a number of vaccines, approved by local regulators in certain countries. However, even with the availability of effective vaccines, the lack of data on immune correlates of protection and duration of protective immune response in humans and primates is limiting factor for effectively preventing the spread of EVD outbreaks. Aims. This review highlights experience of use of EVD vaccines during outbreaks in endemic areas, summarizes data on vaccine immunogenicity in clinical trials, and discusses perspectives for further development and use of effective EVD vaccines.

Introduction. COVID-19 is characterized by a varied clinical course. The aim of the work was to identify associations of SNPs of hemostatic system genes with COVID-19. Materials and methods. DNA was isolated from patients (n=117) and healthy participants (n=104). All infected patients were divided into 3 groups, depending on disease severity assessment, which was appreciated by NEWS2. Another group consisted of participants, who had asymptomatic infection in the past. Determination of SNPs of the genes FGB (-455 G/A), FII (20210 G/A), FV (1691 G/A), FVII (10976 G/A), FXIIIA1 (103 G/T), ITGA2 (807 C/T), ITGB3 (1565 T/C), SERPINE1 (-675 5G/4G) were performed by PCR using the Genetics of Hemostasis kit (DNA-Technology, Russia). Results. In analyzed SNPs, no significant differences were detected between the group of infected patients and healthy participants. But significant association was revealed in gene SERPINE1 (-675 5G/4G), when patient groups, differing in the disease severity, were analyzed relative to the group of participants with asymptomatic infection (p=0.0381; p=0 .0066; p=0.0009). It was found, that as COVID-19 severity scores increased, the proportion of 5G allele of gene SERPINE1 decreased, and the proportion of the 4G allele increased (p=0.005; p=0.009; p=0.0005). Similar processes were observed for genotypes 5G/5G and 4G/4G. Discussion. The gene SERPINE1 (-675 5G/4G) is associated with the severity of COVID-19. Conclusion. For the first time, it was discovered that 5G/5G genotype of gene SERPINE1 (-675 5G/4G) can be a marker of a milder course of COVID-19, and the 4G/4G genotype as a more severe one.

Genetically encoded calcium indicators based on truncated troponin C are attractive probes for calcium imaging due to their relatively small molecular size and twofold reduced calcium ion buffering. However, the best‐suited members of this family, YTnC and cNTnC, suffer from low molecular brightness, limited dynamic range, and/or poor sensitivity to calcium transients in neurons. To overcome these limitations, we developed an enhanced version of YTnC, named YTnC2. Compared with YTnC, YTnC2 had 5.7‐fold higher molecular brightness and 6.4‐fold increased dynamic range in vitro. YTnC2 was successfully used to reveal calcium transients in the cytosol and in the lumen of mitochondria of both mammalian cells and cultured neurons. Finally, we obtained and analyzed the crystal structure of the fluorescent domain of the YTnC2 mutant.

Background. Menstrual related migraine (MRM) occurs in 60% of women with migraine. These attacks are characterized by high intensity and poor response to abortive and prophylactic treatment. Hormonal therapy is one of the main treatment methods, but it has a large number of limitations. Increase in the CGRP level triggered by a decrease of estrogen levels is one of the basic mechanisms of MRM. It is of interest therefore to study the impact of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in MRM. In addition, many patients have severe pelvic pain in the perimenstrual period (algodysmenorrhea). Algodysmenorrhea is associated with other chronic pain syndromes including migraine. Therefore, it is interesting to study the impact of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies on algodysmenorrhea. Material and methods. We recruited 64 women with migraine (episodic and chronic) over 18 years of age with regular menstrual cycle. 21 patients were diagnosed with MRM according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Demographic data, migraine history, menstrual cycle characteristics and algodysmenorrhea symptoms were collected. Patients were treated with erenumab or fremanezumab for 3 months and followed up monthly with headache diaries. Results. After 3 months of treatment, the intensity of menstrual migraine attacks and algodysmenorrhea decreased by 50% or more (p=0,03* and p=0,045*, accordingly). There was a significant decrease in the total amount of headache days in MRM patients. Conclusion. Anti-CGRP mAbs are effective in MRM and algodysmenorrhea. Further studies are necessary.

Метаболическая активность оказывает существенное влияние на дифференцировку, пролиферацию и функционирование Т-клеток. Различные субпопуляции лимфоцитов в разной степени используют гликолиз и митохондриальный метаболизм, основными регуляторами которых являются индуцируемый гипоксией фактор 1-альфа (HIF-1α) и сиртуин 3 (SIRT3) соответственно. Цель исследования – выявить характер изменений популяционного состава лимфоцитов периферической крови человека в зависимости от уровней внутриклеточных регуляторов метаболизма SIRT3 и HIF-1α. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 227 жителей г. Архангельска и Архангельской области, средний возраст которых составил 42±11 лет. Абсолютное содержание лимфоцитов в венозной крови определялось на гематологическом анализаторе Sysmex XS 500i, содержание фенотипов CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD10+, CD25+ , CD95+ – методом непрямой иммунопероксидазной реакции. Внутриклеточное содержание аденозинтрифосфата (АТФ) было измерено биолюминесцентным методом с использованием люциферазы. Концентрации HIF-1α и SIRT3 измерялись в лизате лимфоцитов при помощи иммуноферментного анализа. Для разделения общей выборки на группы по содержанию SIRT3 и HIF-1α применялся кластерный анализ (метод k-средних). Результаты. Внутриклеточная концентрация SIRT3 и HIF-1α изменялась согласованно с внутриклеточной концентрацией АТФ. Установлено, что в группе с высокой концентрацией HIF-1α удельный вес CD4+, CD8+, CD10+, CD25+-лимфоцитов был выше, чем в группе с высокой концентрацией SIRT3, в которой выше был удельный вес CD95+-лимфоцитов. Таким образом, содержание внутриклеточных регуляторов метаболизма, координирующих работу путей наработки АТФ в клетке – окислительное фосфорилирование (SIRT3) и гликолиз (HIF-1α), влияет на популяционный состав лимфоцитов и поэтому важно для оценки иммунного реагирования.

Background: AxenfeldRieger syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous group of morphogenesis disorders associated with abnormal development of the anterior segment of the eye, teeth, the organ of hearing, and abdominal region. Сongenital glaucoma, which is refractory to standard methods of treatment due to pronounced changes in the structures of the anterior segment of the eyeball and other comorbidities, is frequent manifestation of this syndrome. There are several methods for treating glaucoma in patients with AxenfeldRieger syndrome: sinus trabeculectomy, implantation of drainage devices and transscleral cyclocoagulation. Сlinical case description: A patient with congenital glaucoma associated with AxenfeldRieger syndrome underwent sinus trabeculectomy with posterior scleral trepanation in the right eye and valve drainage implantation in the left eye at the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow due to the intraocular pressure decompensation. In the postoperative period, an encapsulated cyst around the body of the drainage was detected, and then a revision of the operation area was performed. After the anti-glaucoma operations, the intraocular pressure compensation was achieved in the follow-up period up to 9 months. Conclusion: Depending on the degree of the changes in the anterior chamber angle structures, sinus trabeculectomy or valve drainage implantation are the methods of choice for the surgical treatment aimed at the intraocular pressure compensation and visual function preservation in patients with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome.

Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the process of forming professionally significant competencies in the training of future international affairs specialists and to the analysis of how the resource of digital technologies used in the process of independent work influences the formation of professional and personal competencies. This problem is revealed using the example of the Chinese language. Methodology. Fundamental to the research is a systematic approach; main theoretical research methods are analysis, synthesis, deduction Results. The article substantiates the role of independent work in the formation of professional competencies. The study allows us to draw conclusions about the need to use digital technologies in the process of independent work in order to develop the professional competencies of students. The author offers a number of educational resources that allow you to effectively integrate digital technologies into the independent work of international relations students, taking into account the specifics of Chinese language. Practical implications. The results can be used in the practice of teaching international specialists, especially studying Chinese.

This empirical study compared the mental (intellectual, personal, emotional, social) and physical development of four-year-old children conceived by assisted reproduction technology (ART) with that of naturally conceived children. The sample consisted of 90 ART children and 130 spontaneously conceived children (control). The research revealed no significant differences in behavior, emotional development, gender roles, intellectual development (visual-motor coordination, logical thinking, vocabulary, conceptual knowledge, speech development, counting and reading skills), physical development, emotional and behavioral eating habits, and dental health. The ART children demonstrated significantly higher symptoms of social developmental disorders and lower levels of categorizing skills, with a low effect size. The article introduces significant relationships across various components of mental development, as well as between mental and physical development of ART children vs. control. The majority of preschool children conceived by ART had normative development, but the study revealed a risk group and problem areas of development, which require monitoring and early correction.

Abstract Background Kidney transplant recipients receive maintenance immunosuppressive therapy to avoid allograft rejection resulting in increased risk of infections and infection-related morbidity and mortality. Approximately 98% of adults are infected with varicella zoster virus, which upon reactivation causes herpes zoster. The incidence of herpes zoster is higher in kidney transplant recipients than in immunocompetent individuals, and kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of severe herpes zoster-associated disease. Vaccination with adjuvanted recombinant glycoprotein E subunit herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) prevents herpes zoster in older adults with excellent efficacy (90%), and vaccination of kidney transplant candidates is recommended in Danish and international guidelines. However, the robustness and duration of immune responses after RZV vaccination, as well as the optimal timing of vaccination in relation to transplantation remain unanswered questions. Thus, the aim of this study is to characterize the immune response to RZV vaccination in kidney transplant candidates and recipients at different timepoints before and after transplantation. Methods The Herpes Virus Infections in Kidney Transplant Patients (HINT) study is a prospective observational cohort study. The study will include kidney transplant candidates on the waiting list for transplantation (n = 375) and kidney transplant recipients transplanted since January 1, 2019 (n = 500) from all Danish kidney transplant centers who are offered a RZV vaccine as routine care. Participants are followed with repeated blood sampling until 12 months after inclusion. In the case of transplantation or herpes zoster disease, additional blood samples will be collected until 12 months after transplantation. The immune response will be characterized by immunophenotyping and functional characterization of varicella zoster virus-specific T cells, by detection of anti-glycoprotein E antibodies, and by measuring cytokine profiles. Discussion The study will provide new knowledge on the immune response to RZV vaccination in kidney transplant candidates and recipients and the robustness and duration of the response, potentially enhancing preventive strategies against herpes zoster in a population at increased risk. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05604911).

Abstract Population density is known to affect the health and survival of many species, and is especially important for social animals. In mice, living in crowded conditions results in the disruption of social interactions, chronic stress, and immune and reproductive suppression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of chemosignals in the regulation of mouse physiology and behavior in response to social crowding. The pheromone 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP), which is released by female mice in crowded conditions, induced aversion, glucocorticoid elevation and, when chronic, resulted in reproductive and immune suppression. 2,5-DMP olfaction induced genome destabilization in bone marrow cells in a stress-dependent manner, providing a plausible mechanism for crowding-induced immune dysfunction. Interestingly, the genome-destabilizing effect of 2,5-DMP was comparable to a potent mouse stressor (immobilization), and both stressors led to correlated expression changes in genes regulating cellular stress response. Thus, our findings demonstrate that, in mice, the health effects of crowding may be explained at least in part by chemosignals and also propose a significant role of stress and genome destabilization in the emergence of crowding effects.

In the search for new magnetically ordered phases of materials, solid-state synthesis technologies in reaction crucibles are used. The final result of the synthesis process in reaction crucibles is conditioned, in particular, by technological factors, the mode of current flow and its density, the achieved temperature in the reaction zone, exposure time, geometrical parameters of the crucible and the reaction zone, etc. The paper presents the results of influence investigation of the reaction volume filling degree with tin melt on the processes of heat and mass transfer during its electrothermal treatment. A model describing diffusion processes in the reaction zone during the synthesis of iron and tin intermetallides under electrothermal treatment has been proposed. The diffusion process in the reaction crucibles of the iron-tin system was investigated by the finite element method in the Comsol Multiphysics software environment. It is shown that the decrease in the degree of filling of the reaction crucible with synthesis components leads to a change in the distribution of current density and a decrease in the temperature in the reaction zone, which affects the mass transfer processes. The results of the work can be used in the analysis of experimental data on the production of intermetallides by reaction synthesis and determination of the necessary technological parameters for the synthesis of new materials.

In modern heavy-loaded friction units, various types of antifriction coatings are used on the surface of the bearing profile of the bearing sleeve to ensure high load-bearing capacity and increase the duration of the hydrodynamic regime, and consequently, the economic effect of sliding bearings. In the study, the creation and development of mathematical models of a radial sliding bearing with an antifriction polymer coating of the support surface containing a groove is carried out. The key role here is played by the method of analytical forecasting, which determines the mechanism of friction and the conditions for its transition from boundary to liquid. The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model of a radial sliding bearing with a polymer coating of the bearing sleeve bearing surface containing an axial groove to predict the economic effect. The objective of the study is to develop new mathematical models and analyze the movement of lubricant in the working gap of a radial sliding bearing, taking into account design features to predict the economic effect. The difference from the existing models of tribosystems with antifriction coatings is the presence of a groove, which ensures stable ascent of the shaft on the hydrodynamic wedge and reduces wear during start-up and run-outs, hence increasing the service life of tribosystems. Using the lubricant motion equation and the continuity equation, new mathematical models are obtained that take into account the design features of the bearing sleeve surface – polymer coating, groove width, rheological properties of the lubricant used. Based on the results of an experimental study on the AI 5018 friction machine, the economic efficiency of net discounted income was calculated on samples in the form of partial inserts. As a result of the research, new mathematical models for engineering calculations have been developed that allow predicting the efficiency, reliability and duration of the hydrodynamic lubrication regime, as well as determining the main tribotechnical parameters. Net discounted income based on the results of theoretical and experimental research is estimated at 0.36 million rubles per year.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the establishment of the level and degree of regulatory support for the delimitation of powers between the Russian Federation and its subjects in the sphere of physical culture and sport, which is due to a number of prerequisites that characterize the relevance of the stated topic. Among them there are changes in the conditions for the development of physical culture and sport, as well as the restructuring of executive bodies in the regions in the context of the reform of public authority. The subject of the research is regulatory legal acts that establish and disclose the powers of authorities and other subjects in the context of the analyzed relations at the federal level and at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as the activities of authorized public authorities in this sphere. Methodology. The research is based on general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, comparison, modeling) in combination with special legal and sociological methods (private legal methods – formal legal and comparative methods, method of state and legal modeling, method of interpretation of law; methods of sociological analysis – sociological observation and survey). Results. The results of the research consist in the established prospects for the permissibility of revision and conditions for the distribution of powers of public authorities between the federal center and the regions in the analyzed sphere. Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of public administration on the issues of organization of activities in the sphere of physical culture and sport.

This work is devoted to solving the problem of signature recognition using neural networks. The authors proposed the use of convolutional neural networks to determine the signature class. Signatures play an important role in financial, commercial and legal transactions, their recognition guarantees the security of not only information, but the whole person. The use of neural networks for signature recognition allows you to reliably identify a user in an automated mode. The authors have developed a convolutional neural network, and also proposed an algorithm that consists of image preprocessing, including background segmentation, noise reduction, and image normalization. Image preprocessing improves the quality of the network. Next, feature extraction is performed, which consists of global features, such as the ratio of the height to width of the signature, the maximum horizontal histogram and the maximum vertical histogram, the horizontal center and the vertical center of the signature, the endpoints of the signature, the signature area, training a neural network with extracted features, recognition the owner of the handwritten signature and then predicting the class of the signature. Purpose – development of a handwritten signature recognition algorithm using neural networks. Methodology: the methods of computer vision were used in the work; deep learning methods, as well as object-oriented programming methods. Results: developed a handwritten signature recognition algorithm using a neural network. Practical implications: the application of the results obtained is useful in forensic analysis of documents, since a person uses a signature on a regular basis to sign checks, legal documents, contracts and other paper media that need protection. Therefore, when someone tries to copy a signature, a problem arises that can lead to undesirable consequences in the form of theft and further use of both personal data and other valuable secret information.

The soil is a depositing medium and an indicator of geochemical load. The fulfillment of important ecosystem functions by urban soils ensures the ecological safety of urban ecosystems as a whole. The purpose of the work is to forecast soil pollution as a basic component of the urban ecosystem with a high level of technogenic load. The calculation of the spatio-temporal fields of chemical pollution of soils in the city of Kolchugino, Vladimir region, was carried out using a balance model based on ecological and analytical data utilizing the results of area surveys of soils and snow cover. The content of heavy metals of hazard classes 1 and 2 in soil and snow samples (solid and liquid phases) was determined by atomic absorption method according to standard methods. The analysis of spatio-temporal fields of soil contamination for each heavy metal is performed on the basis of map diagrams constructed using the INTEGRO GIS software-technological complex. Taking into account aerotechnogenic intake, an assessment of the degree of accumulation of heavy metals in soils and their time to reach the critical level is given. In the soils of Kolchugino, an excess of sanitary and hygienic standards (gross forms) is revealed for all the metals studied. Analysis of the data of spatio-temporal fields of soil pollution with heavy metals in the city of Kolchugino showed that the established level of soil pollution exceeding the MPC is primarily associated with the past economic activity of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises and will remain at the same level in the near future.

The ecosystem services assessment plays one of the key role in the modern concept of sustainable development, including combat climate change and achievement carbon neutrality, since the value assessment of all benefits and risks from ecosystem services is the most visible for decision makers (business and government). Mangrove forests in developing countries, such as Sri Lanka, are important factor in achieving carbon neutrality. The purpose of present investigation was the economic assessment of climate regulation services on the example of the Madu Ganga wetlands (Sri Lanka). The carbon stock was calculated as the marginal cost of reducing carbon emissions, and the sequestration was assessed through the calculation of the carbon social cost or the marginal cost of damage. As a result, the high cost of carbon storage by the Madu Ganga wetlands was revealed - approximately, it amounted to $153,341,221. The cost of the ES for carbon sequestration was $2,153,424. The total cost of services to regulate the carbon cycle of the Madu Ganga wetlands was $155,494,645, or 0.18% of the nominal GDP of the island of Sri Lanka for 2021. The high value of the mangrove forests of Madu Ganga shows their crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality within the framework of the concept of sustainable development.

The increase in the political subjectivity of non-state actors, primarily megacities, has long been articulated, but still has not received sufficient understanding. The ongoing processes of urbanization and globalization, on the one hand, and the processes of deurbanization and deglobalization, clearly manifested during the pandemic, give rise to many complex tasks of political management that require new approaches both in practice and in the theory of politics. The editorial board presents the current issue of the journal devoted to analysing the problems of the city and the countryside from a political perspective, stating political urban and rural studies as a subdiscipline of political science taking its first steps.