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Topological indices capture the symmetry of molecular structures and provide a mathematical language to predict properties such as boiling points, viscosity, the radius of gyrations etc. [1]. We compute some newly developed topological indices of Porphyrin, Propyl Ether Imine, Zinc-Porphyrin and Poly(EThyleneAmidoAmine) Dendrimers. The results are plotted using Maple 2015 software to see the dependence on the involved structural parameters.

Hex-derived network has a variety of useful applications in pharmacy, electronics, and networking. In this paper, we give general form of the M-polynomial of the hex-derived networksHDN1[n] and HDN2[n], which came out of n-dimensional hexagonal mesh. We also give closed forms of several degree-based topological indices associated to these networks.

Trunk stability is important for adequate arm function due to their kinematic linkage. People with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) can benefit from trunk-assistive devices for seated daily activities, but existing devices limit trunk movement to forward bending. We developed a new trunk orthosis that has spring and pulley design. This study evaluated orthosis performance with 40 able-bodied subjects under with and without orthosis condition in 20 seated tasks for trunk rotation, forward bending, and side bending movements. Subjects adopted static posture in specific trunk orientation while their muscle activity was recorded. They also rated the subjective scales of perceived exertion and usability. A percent change in muscle activity for each task, due to orthosis use, is reported. Significant muscle activity reductions up to 31% and 65% were observed in lumbar and thoracic erector spinae muscles, respectively. Using three-way ANOVA, we found these reductions to be specific to the task direction and the choice of upper limb that is used to perform the asymmetric tasks. A total of 70% participants reported acceptable usability and ~1-point increase in exertion was found for maximum voluntary reaching with the orthosis. The outcomes of this study are promising, though tested on able-bodied subjects. Hence, orthosis mounted on wheelchairs should be further evaluated on DMD patients.

In this paper vibration damping capacity of shape memory alloys (SMA) is studied, whose constitutive behavior is based on two dimensional Oberaigner, Fischer and Tanaka model (Oberaigner et al., 2002). The active and passive vibration damping paradigms of SMA with respect to thermal changes are touched here. In this work time-fractional order is given here. The above model solution is presented here for the most general case of a set of initial and boundary conditions which deal with generalized mechanical loadings and thermal regimes. For the particular cases, four examples for different thermal and mechanical loading-stresses, endorsed on the basis of fractional order with Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), are given. The solution given in this paper tells us how vibration response is studied with different thermal and different types of static and dynamic mechanical loading scenarios.

This article discusses the developmental history of ?dialogue among civilizations?, which begins with the emergence of the term until the modern era. This article found that fluctuations in the debate on ?dialogue among civilizations? were influenced by current global situations, especially that of global politics. The French-Muslim philosopher Roger Garaudy (aka Ragaa Garaudy) first coined the term ?dialogue among civilizations? around the 70s and it then attracted the attention of societies around the world, both in the West and in the East.

Fiqh al-hadist adalah salah satu aspek dalam ilmu hadis. Aspek ini tak kalah penting dengan aspek-aspek ilmu hadis lain seperti sejarah hadis dan ilmu hadis, musthalah hadis dan lain-lain. Begitu banyak penolakan terhadap hadis-hadis Nabi yang shahih berawal ketika orang sulit memahami hadis-hadis tersebut. Di sisi lain, banyak kerancuan praktek ajaran tertentu berpangkal dari kekeliruan memahami hadis. Fiqh al-hadits , sebagai ilmu yang berupaya memahami hadis-hadis Nabi dengan baik merupakan bagian yang tak dapat ditawar lagi dalam studi hadis. Kata Kunci: fiqh al-hadits , shalih li kulli zaman wa makan, syarh al-hadits.

Objective; To compare the efficacy of lactulsoe alone and in combination with rifaxamin in cases with hepatic encephalopathy. Patients and methods It was a randomized control trail conducted at Al-Nafees Medical college, Islamabad & Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during July to December 2018. In this study total 120 cases of liver cirrhosis were identified their encephalopathy was grades according to West Haven’s criteria. The cases with hepatocellular carcinoma, active alcoholics, psychiatric patients and those with encephalopathies due to any other cause and with renal failure were excluded. The cases were then divided into two equal groups with 60 cases in each group. The group A was treated with lactulose alone and B with lactulose plus rifaxamin in their standard doses. The cases were then followed and assessed for their improvement in symptoms and assessed on West Haven’s scale and the cases with complete resolution of symptoms were labeled as cured. The mortality benefit was also noted. Results; In this study there were120 cases out of which 91 had hepatitis C, 20 had hepatitis B while 9 had both B & C. The mean age was 43.24± 8.34 years and mean duration of symptoms was 3.45± 0.8 days. There were 60 cases in each group. Group A had 29 (48.33%) males and 31 (51.67%) females while Group B had 34 (48.33%) males and 26 (51.67%) females. There was no significant difference in terms of child pugh class in both groups with p= 0.69. There was also no significant difference in both groups in terms of grades of encephalopathy (p= 0.21). However there was significant better efficacy and decreased mortality in group B as compared to A with p values of 0.02 and 0.03 respectively. Conclusion; Hepatic encephalopathy is a fatal complication. Lactulose combined with rifaxamin has significant improvement in encephalopathy as well as in reducing mortality. Key words: Hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose, rifaxamin.

Background Depression following acute coronary syndrome is prevalent and associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Melatonin may function as a primary prophylactic antidepressant substance and alleviate depressive symptoms. The study was undertaken to determine if melatonin administered following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could prevent development of depression. Methods The study was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized clinical trial performed in five primary care cardiology departments at Zealand, Denmark. Included patients were adults patients, free of depression at baseline, included at the latest 4 weeks after acute coronary syndrome. Twenty-five mg melatonin or placebo was administered 1 h before participants’ bedtime for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is Major Depression Inventory (MDI) measured every two weeks throughout the trial. Incidence of depression was apriori defined as MDI score ≥ 21 during the trial. Reported exploratory outcomes were patterns of dropout and safety outcomes. Results 1220 patients were screened and 252 participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Baseline MDI score in the melatonin and placebo group were, respectively, 6.18 (CI 5.32–7.05) and 5.98 (CI 5.19–6.77). No significant intergroup differences were found during the study in the intention-to-treat analysis or per-protocol analysis. Cumulative events of depressive episodes during the 12 weeks were six in the melatonin group and four in the placebo group. A significant drop in depressive symptoms were present throughout the study period. No intergroup differences were present in dropouts or adverse events. Conclusions Melatonin showed no prophylactic antidepressant effect following acute coronary syndrome. The non-significant results might be due to a type II error or melatonin might not be able to prevent development of depressive symptoms following ACS.

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) precedes acute coronary syndrome. Oxidative stress results in ED but is reversible. Melatonin is aside from being a circadian hormone, also an antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 25 mg melatonin administered for twelve weeks following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could improve ED. In this placebo-controlled randomized trial, ED was measured as reactive hyperemia index (RHI) at baseline, day 14, and day 84. The effect was assessed using a generalized estimating equation adjusted for the baseline RHI. As secondary outcome, the concentrations of three biomarkers were measured: l-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and uric acid. Thirty-one patients were included in the study. The intention-to-treat analysis of the primary outcome had 26 patients due to missing data. The estimated marginal mean difference in RHI at day 14 and day 84 between the groups was 0.15 (95% CI: 0.29-0.01, P = .039) in favor of the placebo group. No significant differences in the biomarker concentrations were found. Melatonin treatment after ACS did not improve but may have aggravated ED. The significant difference between groups was in favor of placebo, but this might be due to the effect of missing data or uneven distribution of comorbidities.

Introduction: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is initially produced in the skin after exposure to sunlight and is also obtained from dietary sources. Vitamin D deficiency is a common disorder, found in all age groups and in both genders. It is prevalent in various parts of the world including Pakistan. Objectives of the study: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the role of association of Vitamin D with HDL cholesterol and HBA1c in diabetic patients in Pakistan. Methodology of the study: This cross sectional study was conducted in District Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala during August 2018 to November 2018 with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. There are 100 diabetic patients from the age range 20 to 60 years were included in this study. After overnight fasting, 10ml of peripheral blood was withdrawn. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000rpm for 10min and stored at -20°C. Serum levels of 25(OH) D, calcium and fasting serum glucose was measured using Randox kit.Plasma total cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglyceride concentrations were measured in duplicate using enzymatic kits, standardized reagents, and standards. Results: The data was collected from 100 diabetic patients with the mean age range of 57.5 years. 73.4% of the patients were male, 26.6% were female respectively. The mean age of the patients were 57.7±10. The mean HbA1c values of the patients were 9.18±2.52. The mean vitamin D values of the patients were 9.17±3.7. The vitamin D deficiency was in 98.3% of the patients. The collected parameters were compared between good glycemic control patients (HbA1c≤7%) and poor glycemic control patients (HbA1c>7%). Conclusion: It is concluded that HDL correlation was found to be prominent with vitamin D and hence conclusion was validated with respect to HDL. Therefore, the relationship between serum levels of 25(OH) D and lipids may be affected by increased disease duration in these patients. Key words: Diabetes, Diagnostic, Vitamin-D, LDL.

Introduction: Analysis of urine protein plays an important role in the evaluation of patients with suffering from renal disease. Analysis of 24h urine gathering was for quite a while the strategy for decision for measuring proteinuria however is never again suggested on the grounds of burden and imprecision because of human blunder in accumulation. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze spot urine protein vs creatinine ratio as a predictor of 24hr urinary protein excretion in nephrotic syndrome. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore during October 2018 to December 2018. The data was collected from 150 patients of both genders. Early morning urine examples were gathered as spot urine and estimated for urinary protein, creatinine and protein to creatinine ratios. That day, 24-hour urines were gathered from 8 am to 8 am. Blood tests were drawn for serum creatinine (mg/dL). Results: The data were collected from 150 patients from which 90 were male and 60 were female. The mean age was 25.6 ± 11.7 years. The mean value of serum creatinine was 85.8 ± 19.6 (umol/L) and urine creatinine was 6.2 ± 1.6 (mmol/L) in selected patients. The Pakistani children and grown-up patients who were discharging in excess of 150 mg urinary protein for every day; uncovered protein: creatinine record and ratio 141 and 0.18 individually in irregular urine tests. The concentration of protein in the urine is influenced by urine volume just as protein discharge rate. Conclusion: It is concluded that Urine prot vs Urine creatinine ratios in random urine sample are best indicators of 24h urinary total protein excretion in patients with and without renal insufficiency. Key words: Urinary, Protein, Creatinine, Ratio, Analysis.

Soybean is one of the most valuable oil seed crop which is good source of protein and edible oil. Pakistan is facing acute shortage of edible oil and depends on import to satiate the requirement of country every year. Therefore present study was planned to identify promising soybean genotypes for yield and quality traits. The research was conducted in the department of Plant Breeding and Genetics at Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Research Farm Chakwal Road, during Kharif season 2016. Ten exotic and one local soybean genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Observations were recorded on the basis of morphological and biochemical characters. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis for ascertaining the significance of traits. The results showed that an exotic genotype (19-2) performed best regarding yield per unit area (182.19 g/m2), followed by genotype KD. For quality character, genotypeB-1(36.11%) performed best for higher protein content and also for oil contents (20.55 %) as compared to local check and other competitive exotic genotypes. Yield per unit area was showed significantly positive correlation with number of secondary branches, biomass yield per unit area, hundred grain weight, protein content, oil content and harvest index while it showed negative correlation with days to flower completion. This study is helpful in generating detailed information on yield and quality traits of soybean that can be used in future soybean breeding programs for the development of high yielding and better quality varieties. Keywords: Correlation; Quality traits; Soybean; Yield http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80018

Soil is the most important medium for plant growth. The aim of this project is to develop a detection system for major nutrients of soil; Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) which consists of an optical sensor. The optical sensor is developed with two systems which are transmission system and detection system. The transmission system uses LED powered by Arduino UNO as a component to transmit light directly on the soil which contains nutrients in a transparent container. The detection system utilized two photodiodes developed with signal conditioner and an amplification circuit to detect the intensity of nutrients of the soil through the remaining light and to amplify the signal of light in terms of potential differences. The results show that the absorption response voltage of Nitrogen (N) is 32.0 V, the Phosphorus (P) is 4.6 V and Potassium (K) is 19.8 V. The presence and intensity of these nutrients are detected based on the rate of light absorbed by the nutrients in the soil, which is a high absorption of light by nutrients shows a high intensity of nutrients or vice versa.

Perbedaan pendapat dalam lapangan hukum sebagai hasil penelitian (ijtihad), tidak perlu dipandang sebagai faktor yang melemahkan kedudukan hukum Islam, bahkan sebaliknya bisa memberikan kelonggaran kepada banyak orang (rahmatan lil ‘ªlamÌn). Dalam sejarah pengkajian hukum Islam dikenal beberapa madzhab fiqih yang secara umum terbagi dua, yaitu madzhab sunni dan maühab shi’i. Di kalangan Sunni terdapat beberapa madzhab, yaitu H{anafi, Maliki, Sha>fi’i dan H{anbali. Sedangkan di kalangan syiah terdapat dua madzhab fiqih, yaitu Zaidiyah dan Ja’fariah. Namun yang masih berkembang kini hanyalah madzhab Ja’fariah dan Shi’ah Imamiyah.Terjadinya perbedaan dalam madzhab disebabkan oleh terjadinya perbedaan pendapat dikalangan ulama, perbedaan pendapat inilah yang kemudian melahirkan madzhab-madzhab Islam yang masih menjadi pegangan orang sampai sekarang. Pangkal perbedaan ulama adalah tingkat berbeda antara pemahaman manusia dalam menangkap pesan dan makna, mengambil kesimpulan hukum, menangkap rahasia syariat dan memahami ‘illat hukum. Semua ini tidak bertentangan dengan kesatuan sumber syariat. Karena syariat Islam tidak saling bertentangan satu sama lainnya.

Copper foam has recently being applied to replace aluminium as heat sink. In this study, copper foam was manufactured via metal injection molding technique. Copper feedstock were prepared comprising 0 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 40 wt.% of potassium carbonate into copper powder to produce open pore cell structure, which also mixed together with a binder system consisting palm stearin (PS), polyethylene (PE) and stearic acid (SA). The feedstock was then injection molded into tensile shape test piece prior to solvent extracted in heptane prior to sintering using tube furnace at 850oC for 4 hours in nitrogen atmosphere. The sintered samples were immersed in warm water to dissolve the carbonates. Copper foam has successfully manufactured at 850oC for 4 hours in nitrogen atmosphere followed by the dissolution process. The porosity value increased as the addition of potassium carbonate increased from 0 to 40 wt.% which given the highest value of 52.985% porosity and thermal conductivity of 520.46 W/m.K.

Feedstock preparation is one of the most crucial steps that will influence the metal injection molding process. In this study, the properties of Cu and space holder powder were determined. Powder morphology was captured using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Three different ratios of feedstocks were premixed with potassium carbonate as space holder using Turbulence Shaker mixer prior to mixing with constant binder system consist of waste rubber (WR). Mixes of three feedstocks with from 40, 50 and 60 wt. % were carried out in Brabender Plasticoder. All feedstocks were mixed at constant powder loading. The feedstocks were successfully injection molded using Vertical Injection Molding machine at 200°C.

CoCrMo alloy is one of the most used metallic biomaterials due to its high wear. Premature wear of the component is one of the main cause of hip prosthesis failure. The objective in this study is to investigate the tribology properties of sintered CoCrMo fabricated via injection moulding. Tests were carried out at room temperature comparing metal injection moulded dog bone tensile samples at different sintering temperatures. The parameter used for the pin on disk test is a 10kN load, 500m sliding distance and a chromium steel ball as a sliding partner. The morphologies and compositions of the worn surfaces were analysed by optical and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the wear mechanism and friction coefficient of CoCrMo depended strongly on the microstructure which was influenced by the sintering temperature.

Carbon(C)/Copper(Cu) Composites based materials were developed by associating both pressure and heat to the mixture of the powder. Three samples of different formulations were prepared by the powder metallurgy route in which the C-Cu powder were mixed with E-poxy Resin in a tubular mixer, pre-compacted using an automated hydraulic press machine, warm compacted using a warm compaction machine and finally post baked in oven. Each sample was subjected to density, hardness, transverse rupture strength and resistivity tests. The microstructures of the sample were observed under the scanning electron microscope. Test results of the developed samples show that sample C produced the highest physical, mechanical and electrical properties. However, the samples developed had lower physical, mechanical and electrical properties as compared with the commercial sample. This phenomenon was taught to be due to high porosity and insolubility of carbon and copper in the sample developed. Thus, father study will be done based on sample C formulation.

Cobalt-chromium alloys are commonly used for surgical implants because of their high strength, superior corrosion resistance, non-magnetic behavior, and biocompatibility. Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) applications include prosthetic replacements of hips. This paper presents the attempt to produce metallic implant using Co-Cr-Mo powder by MIM process, focusing on the effects of different heating rate during sintering process at 1380°C. Co-Cr-Mo powder were mixed homogeneously with palm oil and conventional binders respectively with powder loading 65 vol% and was injection molded using vertical injection molding machine with the nozzle temperature of 160°C to produce green compacts. The binders then was removed by solvent extraction process and sintered in vacuum condition at atmosphere 10-5 mbar at temperature 1380 °C with varied heating rate; 0.5°C/min, 1.0°C/min and 3.0°C/min . Results indicated that sintered density and tensile strength varied from 8.100 gcm-3 to 8.200 gcm-3 and 546.971 MPa to 798.767 MPa respectively. The mechanical properties comply with the international standard (ASTM F75).

This paper aims to trace the history of how al-Asha‘irah emerged, factors that contributed to its development, prominent figures in this stream, and the stream’s method of proving with dalil (reasoning based on analogy). This stream was founded by ‘Ali Ibn Isma‘il Ibn Ishaq Ibn Salim Ibn Isma‘il Ibn ‘Abd Allah Ibn Musa Ibn Bilal Ibn Abi Burdah Ibn Abi Musa al-Ash‘ari. The stream employed two methods of proving with dalil. They referred to naqli dalil, which refers to the Quran and hadith, and they employed sensible dalil to strenghten the reasoning obtained from the Quran and hadith. Keywords: Al- Asha‘irah, methodology, school of thought. Artikel ini bertujuan melakukan sorotan tentang sejarah kemunculan aliran al-Asha‘irah, faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada perkembangannya, tokoh-tokoh aliran ini serta metodologi pendalilannya. Aliran ini diasaskan oleh ‘Ali Ibn Isma‘il Ibn Ishaq Ibn Salim Ibn Isma‘il Ibn ‘Abd Allah Ibn Musa Ibn Bilal Ibn Abi Burdah Ibn Abi Musa al-Ash‘ari. Aliran ini menggunakan dua metodologi pendalilan iaitu dalil naqli dengan merujuk kepada al-Qur’an dan hadith, dan penggunaan dalil akal bagi memperkuatkan pendalilan yang diambil dari al-Qur’an dan hadit. Kata kunci: Al- Asha‘irah, metodologi, aliran pemikiran, argumentasi

Pertanian adalah kegiatan pemanfaatan sumber daya hayati yang dilakukan manusia untuk menghasilkan bahan pangan, bahan baku industri, atau sumber energi, serta untuk mengelola lingkungan hidupnya, bahan pangan itu sendiri sangat penting karena di konsumsi sehari-hari dan juga bisa menjadi sumber penghasilan bagi petani maupun daerah, peneliti bermaksud melakukan penelitian analisis komparatif wilayah basis pertanain di Kabupaten Bogor berbasis webgis, adapun tujuan penelitian meliputi: (1) merancang dan membangun sistem informasi geografis data pertanian berbasis webgis di Kabupaten Bogor (2) menganalisa komoditi pertanian dengan pendekatan analisis perhitungan komparatif wilayah di Kabupaten Bogor. Analisis mencakup wilayah atau kecamatan mana sajakah yang menjadi basis dari komoditi yang ada di Kabupaten Bogor. Perancangan Sistem yang digunakan ialah metode Waterfall yang meliputi Tahap Analisis, Tahap Desain, Tahap Implementasi dan Testing, Tahap Pengujian Sistem, Tahap Pengoperasian dan Pemeliharaan. Kesimpulan yang di ambil dari penilitan ini adalah : (1) Basis pertanian di 40 kecamatan di Kabupaetn Bogor (2) Sistem Informasi basis pertanian berbasis webgis (3) memvisualisasikan atau memberikan informasi hasil perhitungan dengan gradasi wartna basis dan non basis di tiap komoditi

Nowadays, the rapid growth of burglary and theft cases over the world has been threatening to the vulnerability of traditional home security systems. Therefore the development home security with intelligent control wherein focus to enhance conventional technique to theadvanced digital security systemand to be more interestinginhome or building owner for preventing intruders in smart home implementation. However, using avariety of type conventional lock doors for security purposes and analog intruder sensor with individual function system is not secure enoughin order to protect the person or company properties. That why the emergence of new technology such as integrated circuit network will apply in Smart Home system for abetter security solution to prevent the houses from theintruder and hazardous fire incident. Therefore, this project is done to design and build a smart system with consist of digital security entry for automatic lock doors and also for activating or deactivate all security sensor in houses which is function for detecting the irregular movement and hot temperature (fire incident) in-house for the domestic residential sector. This product includeswith doors automatic lock system using servo motor and detect irregular movement intruder using PIR motion sensor (HC-SR501) and also measure hot temperature using temperature sensor (LM35). The sensor will transmit theanalog signal to Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) the Altera DE2-115 board to be processed and which will then display the status entry after key-in password and activation security system on the LED seven segment displays. The entry login controller will use apush button or switchesavailable on FPGA board that are used to login password for automatic door accessand also able maintained for control home smart security system.