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Infrared optical investigations of $\alpha$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$I$_3$ have been performed in the spectral range from 80 to 8000~cm$^{-1}$ down to temperatures as low as 10~K by applying hydrostatic pressure. In the metallic state, $T > 135$~K, we observe a 50\% increase in the Drude contribution as well as the mid-infrared band due to the growing intermolecular orbital overlap with pressure up to 11~kbar. In the ordered state, $T

We measured the optical reflectivity of [001]-oriented $n$-doped ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ in a broad frequency range (50--22 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) for temperatures from 10 to 300 K. The optical conductivity, $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})={\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})+\mathrm{i}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2}(\ensuremath{\omega})$, is isotropic within the (001) plane; its real part follows a power law, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{1.65}$, in a large interval from 2000 to $8000{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This behavior is caused by interband transitions between two Dirac bands, which are effectively described by a sublinear dispersion relation, $E(k)\ensuremath{\propto}{|k|}^{0.6}$. The momentum-averaged Fermi velocity of the carriers in these bands is energy dependent and ranges from $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ m/s, depending on the distance from the Dirac points. We detect a gaplike feature in ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ and associate it with the Fermi level positioned around 100 meV above the Dirac points.

The most sensitive methods to detect pathological changes in the visual system are the method of recording visual evoked potentials and the psychophysical method of measuring contrast sensitivity. Described in the literature features of functional disorders of the visual system in patients with multiple sclerosis are controversial. The results of the study allowed us to make an assumption about the depen-dence of the nature and severity of changes of the evoked potentials and contrast sensitivity and the duration of disease in patients with multiple sclerosis. In some patients with disease duration from 3 to 10 years there are irregularities in the magno-channels (reduced amplitude component P1), in others-- parvo-channels (amplitude reduction N 1) without increasing the latency, in patients with a disease duration of 10 to 14 years--both channels dysfunction (decreased amplitude components P1 and N1) with an increase of latency. The data indicate heterogeneity of pathophysiological changes upon increase of the degree of demyelination and damage of optic nerve fibers in multiple sclerosis.

Fortepren(®), a product of the phosphorylation of polyprenols from fir needles (with sodium polyprenyl phosphate being the main active ingredient), belongs to the class of antiviral drugs with immunomodulating activity. Fortepren(®) may be used as the drug of choice in the treatment of herpes diseases. It was shown that treatment with Fortepren(®) of patients with a chronic recurrent herpes infection after acute phase termination with acyclovir decreased the recurrence rate, as well as the severity of local symptoms. Fortepren(®) treatment of patients with a high incidence of recurrent herpes infection led to an increase in the interferon-producing ability of leucocytes stimulated with NDV, as well as in the production of key cytokines (IL-1β, IL-15, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, IL-12 (p40), TNF-α, IFN-α2, IL-12 (p70), IL-6) taking part in the protection against viral infection. Data suggest that the action of the drug is directed, first of all, to the cells responsible for the natural resistance of the organism (macrophages, dendritic cells, etc.). The activation of natural immunity appears to be a leading mechanism of protection from herpesviral infection under the influence of polyprenyl phosphate.

In the last few decades, significant progress has been achieved in the development of generators and detectors of terahertz radiation (at frequencies in the range from ≈300 GHz to ≈3 THz). Different terahertz spectroscopic techniques have been widely used now in investigating semiconductors, superconductors, molecular magnets, multiferroics, metamaterials, and other promising objects. It has been demonstrated that terahertz spectroscopy offers wide but not completely realized possibilities for studying quantum phase transitions in electron-correlated systems.

192 patients with acromegaly were examined. Their reproductive disorders were found to be a result of the suppressed synthesis of gonadotropin hormones due to the tumor compression of the adenohypophysis, due to blocking effect of hyperprolactinemia on the gonadotropic function or as a result of the direct impact of insulin-like growth factor-I stimulating hyperplastic processes in target organs, such as ovaries, the glandular epithelium of the breast and myometrium. The structure of reproductive disorders in patients with acromegaly includes menstrual disturbances, infertility, early menopause and hyperplastic processes. Close management of the reproductive system, early detection of neoplasia and correction of the existing disorders are highly required during therapy for acromegaly.

The features of the start-up of asynchronized synchronous compensators (ASC) are described. The characteristic of the PU-6-05 starters for the ASK-100 compensators produced by “Elektrosila,” branch of the JSC “Silovye macshiny,” is given. Problems of determining the position of the rotor, operations in the artificial and natural switching zones, and the processes of synchronizing the compensator with the power network and slowing of the power plant are considered.

The article discusses roll taps exploration practice in real industrial conditions. There are also given some recommendations on the roll taps spheres of use in machines manufacture.

The interaction between the mechanisms of local and global image analysis at the level of the magnocellular and parvocellular channels of the human visual system was studied. Using wavelet filtering, the spatial frequency composition of texts presented to observers was varied. It was shown that gradual blurring of texts via wavelet filtering interferes with the work of the parvocellular system but simultaneously increases the contribution of the magnocellular system during reading. With an increase in the wavelet element scale, the parvocellular system receives insufficient information for effective work, and in this situation the magnocellular system determines the strategy of eye movements. In addition, the necessary frequency range that ensures the functioning of the reading process is provided.

This paper describes an algorithm for distinguishing between images of two classes of objects: artificial and natural. An approximation to the image is generated using graphical elements similar to the receptor fields of neurons in the primary visual cortex (Zone VI). We show that the approximation-error distribution for natural-object images lies at higher values of the approximation error than that for artificial-object images. This difference makes it possible to detect artificial objects against natural backgrounds.

The modern infrared imaging technique is applied to studies of the temperature fields and heat loads of Er:YAG laser crystals under conditions of optical pumping of these crystals with high-power (20 W) radiation from diode arrays with fiber outputs. It is shown that state-of-the-art infrared imagers operating in the range 8–14 μm can be efficiently used to monitor the near-surface temperatures in the lasing regions of solid-state lasers under high-power diode pumping. The possibilities of modern infrared imagers for evaluating the degree of heating of the lasing region in a laser crystal, the temperature distribution in this region, and the efficiency of operation of cooling systems and for preliminarily rejecting active laser elements have been demonstrated.

An original technique for aligning the receiving channel of a pulsed laser rangefinder is proposed. The alignment includes focusing of the photodetector and matching with the axis of the sighting channel of the rangefinder. All alignment operations are performed in the visible spectral range using a collimator setup with a telescope. The accuracy of the proposed method is estimated, and an illustration of the experiment is given.

Efficient focusing of intense heavy ion beams is an important issue for heavy-ion driven inertial confinement fusion and for investigations of high energy densities in matter produced by heavy ion beams. Here, the description and the results of performance investigation of a plasma lens designed for the heavy-ion accelerator-accumulator facility TWAC-ITEP are presented.

The aims of this study were to identify the locations of areas in the human cortex responsible for describing fragmented test images of different degrees of ordering and to identify the areas taking decisions regarding stimuli of this type. The locations of higher visual functions were determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a scanner fitted with a superconducting magnet and a field strength of 1.5 T. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) method was based on measurements of the level of hemoglobin oxygenation in the blood supplied to the brain. This level was taken to be proportional to the extent of neuron activation in the corresponding part of the gray matter. Stimuli were matrixes consisting of Gabor elements of different orientations. The measure of matrix ordering was the ratio of the number of Gabor elements with identical orientations to the total number of elements in the image. Brain neurons were activated by simultaneous changes in the orientations of all the elements, leading to substitution of one matrix by another. Substitution of the orientation was perceived by observers as rotation of the elements in the matrix. Stimulation by matrixes with a high level of ordering was found to activate the occipital areas of the cortex, V1 and V2 (BA17-BA18), while presentation of matrixes with random element orientations also activated the parietal-temporal cortex, V3, V4, V5 (BA19), and the parietal area (BA7). Brain zones responsible for taking decisions regarding the level of order or chaos in the organization of the stimuli are located in different but close areas of the prefrontal and frontal cortex of the brain, including BA6, BA9, and BA10. The results are assessed in terms of concepts of the roles and interactions of different areas of the human brain during recognition of fragmented images of different degrees of complexity.

Multipurpose modular software for an analog interface based on Lcard 761 is considered. Algorithms for pipeline processing of medical signals under Windows with dynamic control of computational resources are suggested. The software consists of user-friendly completable modifiable modules. The module hierarchy is based on object-oriented heritage principles, which make it possible to construct various real-time systems for long-term detection, processing, and imaging of multichannel medical signals.

A stand-alone system with a 6-phase asynchronous generator and several active semiconductor converters is considered. The algorithms of the device operations are developed and a model for calculating the steady-state and transient operating modes is described. The results of the analysis of the system are presented.

A method for the synthesis of cyclic β-(trifluoroacetyl) enamines was proposed. Reactions of the latter with hydrazine and hydroxylamine gave pyrazoles and isoxazoles, respectively, containing trifluoromethyl and ω-aminoalkyl fragments. Addition of hydrazine (hydroxylamine) to the above amino enones was regiospecific, the regiochemistry of the heterocyclization of trifluoromethyl ketones being different from that for nonfluorinated analogs.

A synthetic approach to paxilline indole diterpenes is described. The route to the pentacyclic core relies on a new regioselective alkenylation of ketones and a tandem radical addition-aldol reaction sequence to access vicinal quaternary stereocenters. Emindole SB, the simplest member of the family, is synthesized in 11 steps from commercially available material to demonstrate the application of this approach.

To summarize the verified clinical and epidemiological data on the natural history of non cancer endocrine disease in remote period after the ChNPP accident in survivors of adult and children age.Retrospective estimation was carried out of data on 24,588 adult persons and 20,087 chil dren survived after the ChNNP accident and being healthy or having any diseases. Data were retrieved from database of the Clinical Epidemiological Registry (CER), NRCRM for the 23 years (1992-2014) of survey. Average total external radiation dose in adults was 0.187 Gy, range of thyroid dose in children was 0.1-1.55 Gy. These data were verifies in a separate clinical study. Anthropometric, laboratory biochemical and hormonal assay values, thyroid ultrasound imaging patterns and radiation dose values were retrieved for the study.Retrospective data review for the 1992-2014 period indicated that incidence of thyroid disease in all per sons survived after the ChNPP accident run at 40.29% with 35.37% among the clean up workers, 27.24% among evac uees, and 28.6% among population of contaminated territories that all is significantly (p0.0001) higher vs. the entire population of Ukraine (3.9%). Following non cancer endocrine diseases were most prevalent in the ChNPP acci dent survivors: nodular goiter (14.35%), chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (~8%), pre obesity and obesity (41.9% and 36.8% respectively), prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (15.5% and 21.4% respectively). Nodular goiter (21.8%), chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (12.95%), pre obesity and obesity (41.71% and 33.61% respectively), and predia betes and diabetes mellitus (8.6% and 12.15% respectively) were most often diagnosed in the ChNPP accident clean up workers. Children evacuated from the 30 kilometer exclusion zone were a critical population group. They were diagnosed diffuse non toxic goiter in 43.68%, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in 1.74%, primary hypothyroidism in 0.96%, and nodular goiter in 2.57%. Peak prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis occurred in 2001-2003 i.e. in a period of their intensive pubertal maturation. In children (first generation) of exposed parents the thyroid dis ease was revealed in 42.64%, that exceeded the incidence in control group, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis was found rarer i.e. in 0.45%, diffuse non toxic goiter in 9.5-13.8%, nodular goiter in 1.7%.Non cancer endocrine disease in children and adults exposed to ionizing radiation is frequent and reg istered in 3 53% of persons. It occurs in most of survivors 10-15 years upon the impact of radiation factor as a result of man made accident and continues to grow slowly in 30 years.Meta doslidzhennia. Uzagal'nyty veryfikovani klinichni ta epidemiologichni dani shchodo rozvytku nezloiakisnoI en dokrynnoI patologiI u viddalenyy period avariI na ChAES u postrazhdalykh osib doroslogo i dytiachogo viku. Materialy i metody doslidzhennia. Provedena retrospektyvna otsinka danykh 24 588 osib doroslogo viku ta 20 087 ditey, postrazhdalykh v rezul'tati avariI na ChAES, iz bazy kliniko epidemiologichnogo reiestru (KER) NNTsRM za 23 roky (period 1992–2014 rr.), iaki buly zdorovymy chy maly shyrokyy spektr endokrynnoI patologiI. U doros lykh osib serednia doza zovnishn'ogo oprominennia sklala 0,187 Gr, u ditey oprominennia shchytopodibnoI zalozy – v mezhakh 0,1–1,55 Gr. Tsi dani veryfikuvalysia v okremomu klinichnomu doslidzhenni. Zalucheni antropometrychni, la boratorni biokhimichni ta gormonal'ni pokaznyky, ul'trazvukove doslidzhennia shchytopodibnoI zalozy, dozy op rominennia.Rezul'taty. Retrospektyvnyy analiz danykh 1992 2014 rr. pokazuie, shcho chastota tyreoIdnoI patologiI sered vsikh osib, postrazhdalykh vnaslidok avariI na ChAES skladaie 40,29 %, v uchasnykiv likvidatsiI naslidkiv avariI – 35,37 %, evakuyovanykh iz zony vidchuzhennia – 27,24 %, zhyteliv radiatsiyno zabrudnenykh terytoriy – 28,6 %, shcho znachno bil' she (r0,0001), nizh u zagal'niy populiatsiI (3,9 %) naselennia UkraIny. Naybil'sh poshyrenymy nezloiakisnymy en dokrynnymy zakhvoriuvanniamy v osib, postrazhdalykh vnaslidok avariI na ChAES buly: vuzlovyy zob – 14,35 %, khro nichnyy autoimunnyy tyreoIdyt ~ 8 %, peredozhyrinnia/ozhyrinnia 41,9 %/36,8 %, pereddiabet/diabet 15,5 %/21,4 %. Naychastishymy nezloiakisnymy endokrynnymy zakhvoriuvanniamy v osib, uchasnykiv likvidatsiI naslidkiv avariI na ChAES buly vuzlovyy zob – 21,8 %, khronichnyy autoimunnyy tyreoIdyt – 12,95 %, peredozhyrinnia/ozhyrinnia – 41,71 %/33,61 %, pereddiabet/diabet– 8,6 %/12,15 %. Krytychnoiu grupoiu ditey buly evakuyovani z 30 km zony vidchuzhennia, opromineni u vitsi 3 6 rokiv. U nykh dyfuznyy netoksychnyy zob vstanovleno u 43,68 %, khronichnyy au toimunnyy tyreoIdyt– 1,74 %, pervynnyy gipotyreoz – 0,96 %, vuzlovyy zob – 2,57 %, a pik poshyrenosti khronichnogo autoimunnogo tyreoIdytu prypav na 2001–2003 rr. – period Ikh aktyvnogo statevogo dozrivannia. Se red ditey, iaki buly narodzheni vid oprominenykh bat'kiv (pershe pokolinnia), zakhvoriuvannia shchytopodibnoI zalozy vyiavyly u 42,64 %, shcho perevyshchuvalo chastotu v grupi kontroliu, khronichnyy autoimunnyy tyreoIdyt vyiavlialy pomitno ridshe – u 0,45 %, dyfuznyy netoksychnyy zob u 9,5–13,8 %, vuzlovyy zob u 1,7 %.Vysnovky. Nezloiakisna endokrynna patologiia u oprominenykh doroslykh i ditey ie chastoiu, zustrichaiet'sia u 3–53 % osib, vynykaie u bil'shosti postrazhdalykh cherez 10–15 rokiv pislia vplyvu radiatsiynogo faktora v rezul'tati tekh nogennoI avariI chy intsydentu, prodovzhuie povil'no narostaty cherez 30 rokiv.

New insight into the electrical properties of liquid water, from a standpoint of the physics of electrolytes, is proposed. The dielectric spectrum of water at frequencies 10(4)-10(11) Hz is described by a simple diffusional model taking into account the electrophoretic and relaxation effects inherent in electrolytes. The static dielectric permittivity and microwave absorption are derived from diffusion of Coulomb interacting H3O+ and OH- ions instead of orientational motion of H2O molecules. The drift component of diffusion provides the proton dc-conductivity. Ion concentration is found to be 7 orders of magnitude higher than commonly accepted.(- 1% of the total concentration of H2O molecules). The findings refer to the basic properties of water and therefore can be the key to solving the water-related problems.

Superconducting Pr$_2$CuO$_x$, $x\simeq 4$ films with $T^\prime$ structure and a $T_c$ of 27 K have been investigated by millimeter-wave transmission and broadband (infrared-to-ultraviolet) reflectivity measurements in the normal and superconducting state. The results obtained by both experimental methods show a consistent picture of the superconducting condensate formation below $T_c$. An Eliashberg analysis of the data proves $d$-wave superconductivity and unitary-limit impurity scattering of the charge carriers below $T_{c}$. The derived electron-exchange boson interaction spectral function $I^2\chi(\omega)$ shows only marginal changes at the superconducting transition with the mass enhancement factor $\lambda$, the first inverse moment of $I^2\chi(\omega)$, being equal to 4.16 at 30 K and to 4.25 at 4 K., Comment: IOP style, 12 pages

We measured the optical conductivity of superconducting LiFeAs. In the superconducting state, the formation of the condensate leads to a spectral-weight loss and yields a penetration depth of 225 nm. No sharp signature of the superconducting gap is observed. This suggests that the system is likely in the clean limit. A Drude-Lorentz parametrization of the data in the normal state reveals a quasiparticle scattering rate supportive of spin fluctuations and proximity to a quantum critical point., Comment: 6 pages - 4 Figures

Electrophysiological studies were performed to measure the threshold (upper end of range) spatial frequency using visual evoked potentials and comparison with visual acuity neuron 26 healthy subjects. The aim of the present work was to create a method for objective measurement of visual acuity. This was addressed by initial measurements using a universally accepted method of visual stimulation and processing of electroencephalograms, which allows errors due to individual differences in visual system function to be minimized. These experiments yielded a strong correlation between the threshold spatial frequency of the test grid yielding an evoked potential on presentation and visual acuity, in degrees, expressed as the resolving ability of the visual system for this optotype. A logarithmic relationship was found between these values and an equation allowing automated calculation of visual acuity (resolving ability) from electrophysiological data was derived. The results were independent of the subject's responses and therefore provides a maximally objective assessment of visual acuity.

We performed far-infrared and submillimeter-wave conductivity experiments in the electron-doped cuprate La2 − xCexCuO4 with x = 0.081 (underdoped regime, Tc = 25 K). The onset of the absorption in the superconducting state is gradual in frequency and is inconsistent with the isotropic s-wave gap. Instead, a narrow quasiparticle peak is observed at zero frequency and a second peak at finite frequencies, clear fingerprints of the conductivity in a d-wave superconductor. A far-infrared conductivity peak can be attributed to 4Δ0, or to 2Δ0 + Δspin, where Δspin is the resonance frequency of the spin fluctuations. The infrared conductivity as well as the suppression of the quasiparticle scattering rate below Tc are qualitatively similar to the results in the hole-doped cuprates.

7-Isocyano-11(20),14-epiamphilectadiene, the most potent of antimalarial amphilectenes, is synthesized in seven steps from readily available materials. The synthesis is enabled by a new dendrimeric triene (Danishefsky [3]-dendralene) and a new method for stereo- and chemoselective isocyanation. This chemistry provides a useful entry into an underexplored yet promising family of antimalarial terpenoids.

We have investigated the in-plane penetration depth, λ ( T ), of nominally undoped superconducting Pr 2 CuO 4 films ( T c = 27.5 K) by measuring the phase-sensitive millimeter-wave transmission at temperatures between 2 and 30 K. The overall temperature dependence of the superfluid density, n s = λ 2 (0 K)/ λ 2 ( T ), resembles the behavior typical for the cuprate superconductors [ n s ( T ) ∝ 1 − ( T / T c ) 2 ]. However, a closer look on the penetration depth at low temperatures reveals flattening of its temperature dependence. We find λ ( T ) ∝ T n with n = 2.8 ± 0.2.

To study a neuroprotective effect of mexidol on the cell model of glutamate stress.Cytological studies of an effect of glutamate stress on cerebellar granule cells were carried out.Mexidol increased neuronal survival after the addition of glutamate by 8-10% (p0.05). The effect of mexidol was more pronounced at the stage of neuron culture growth (5 days), cell survivability increased on average by 20%.The results of the study confirmed the neuroprotective effect of mexidol in the neuronal culture in glutamate toxicity model.Цель исследования. Изучение нейропротективных свойств мексидола на клеточной модели глутаматного стресса. Материал и методы. Проведено цитологические исследования в условиях модели глутаматного стресса в культуре зернистых нейронов мозжечка. Результаты. Добавление мексидола на 8-10% повышает выживаемость нейронов после добавления глутамата (p0,05). Эффект мексидола более выражен при его применении на стадии выращивания культуры нейронов (5 сут), выживаемость клеток в условиях глутаматного стресса повышалась в среднем на 20%. Заключение. Результаты исследования подтвердили нейропротективное действие мексидола в культуре нейронов в условиях глутаматного стресса.

Plasma γ-globulin fraction proteins, copper and zinc cations, and metal complexes formed by these cations and human serum γ-globulin induce blast transformation of splenocytes from BALB/c mice at a level comparable to that induced by concanavalin A. Zinc bound to γ-globulin reduces by 25% and copper in complex with this protein stimulates by 1.6 times its capacity to induce blast transformation. Combinations with concanavalin A reproduce the effects of γ-globulin-metal complex under conditions of mitogen induction. Incorporation of(3)H-thymidine in splenocytes incubated with combinations of γ-globulin-copper metalcomplex, copper cations, and control protein with concanavalin A was by 1.4, 1.3 (p

A breadboard model of the store of kinetic energy with an asynchronized electric machine and a cascade frequency converter in a rotor circuit is created. The converter is executed on the basis of a single-phase blocks connected to the network through transformers and connected from the rotor consistently in each phase. Transformation blocks contain single-phase active rectifiers and voltage inverters. They provide a bilateral exchange of energy between the network and the rotor. A control algorithm is developed and experimentally checked up by the single-phase active rectifiers, allowing to minimize an exchange of signals between blocks.

Objective. The study examined the morbidity pattern of non-cancer endocrine disease in ChNPP accident emergency workers (AEW) versus the entire population of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The study included a retrospective estimation of the examination data from 10,771 ChNPP AEW of the so-called iodine and non-iodine periods (main study group). Data were received from the RCRM Clinical/Epidemiological Registry for the survey period of 22 years (1992-2013) on persons been either healthy or having a range of endocrine disease. Anthropometric measures both with biochemical and hormonal assay data and external radiation dose values were taken into account. Diagnostic thyroid ultrasound was applied. Results. There is a significant (2-10-fold) and reliable (p0.01) increase of the incidence of non-cancer endocrine disease in the ChNPP AEW, namely by 23.20 % of nodular goiter (0.53 % in control, χ2 = 9602, р0.0001), by 13.37 % of autoimmune thyroiditis (0.35 % in control; χ2 = 5381, р0.0001), by 11.89 % in average and by 16.29 % in last years of type 2 diabetes mellitus (χ2 = 2527, р0.0001), by 41.67 % of pre-obesity (χ2 = 10.92, р0.01), and by 38.12 % of obesity (χ2 = 41.50, р0.01) compared to the entire population. Conclusions. Effects of ionizing radiation and other hazardous factors on endocrine system in the ChNPP AEW appeared upon 15-25 years. There was a significant (2-10-fold) and reliable (p0.01) increase of the incidence of the nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus. And there is a trend to further increase.Meta doslidzhennja. Doslidyty chastotu ta strukturu nezlojakisnoi' endokrynnoi' patologii' v uchasnykiv likvidacii' naslidkiv avarii' (ULNA) na ChAES u porivnjanni iz zagal'noju populjacijeju naselennja Ukrai'ny. Material ta metody doslidzhennja. Vykonana retrospektyvna ocinka danyh obstezhennja 10 771 ULNA na ChAES jodnogo ta pozajodnogo periodu (osnovna grupa doslidzhennja) z kliniko-epidemiologichnogo rejestru NNCRM za 22 roky (period 1992–2013 rr.), jaki buly zdorovi abo maly riznomanitnyj spektr endokrynnoi' patologii'. Zalucheni antropometrychni dani, laboratorni biohimichni ta gormonal'ni pokaznyky, ul'trazvukove doslidzhennja shhytopodibnoi' zalozy, dozy zovnishn'ogo oprominennja. Rezul'taty. Otrymani dani svidchat' pro znachne (v 2–10 raziv) ta virogidne (r0,01) zbil'shennja v ULNA na ChAES chastoty endokrynnyh nezlojakisnyh zahvorjuvan': dlja vuzlovogo zoba – 23,20% (0,53 % u kontroli; χ2 = 9602, r0,0001), hronichnogo autoimunnogo tyreoi'dytu – 13,37% (0,35 % u kontroli; χ2 = 5381, r0,0001), cukrovogo diabetu 2 typu – v seredn'omu 11,89 %, za ostanni roky – 16,29 % (χ2 = 2527 , r0,0001), peredozhyrinnja – 41,67 % (χ2 = 10,92, r0,01) ta ozhyrinnja – 38,12 % (χ2 = 41,50, r0,01), u porivnjanni z zagal'noju populjacijeju. Vysnovky. Realizacija dii' ionizujuchogo vyprominennja ta inshyh negatyvnyh chynnykiv na endokrynnu systemu ULNA na ChAES vidbulasja cherez 15–25 rokiv, suprovodzhuvalas' znachnym (v 2–10 raziv) ta virogidnym (r0,01) zbil'shennjam chastoty vuzlovogo zoba, hronichnogo autoimunnogo tyreoi'dytu, ozhyrinnja, cukrovogo diabetu 2 typu ta maje tendenciju do podal'shoi' zrostannja.

Effects of immunomodulators and ionizing radiation on 5-nucleotidase activity in macrophages of peritoneal exudate are governed by the mirror symmetry principle, similar to that determining the effects ofYersinia enterocolitica on the lymphocyte blastogenesis of inbred mouse splenocytes. The control values are particularly important in comparative experiments.

The submillimeter-wave 3 cm −1 < ν < 40 cm −1 complex conductivity of the reduced YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.7 film, (T C =56.5 K) was investigated for temperatures 4 K < T < 300 K. The frequency dependence of the effective quasiparticle scattering rate 1/τ*(ν) was extracted from the spectra. 1/τ* is shown to be frequency independent at low frequencies and high temperatures. On decreasing temperature the scattering rate increases with increasing frequencies. Finally, at 6 K it follows a power-law, 1/τ* ∝ ν1.75±0.3.

A multicenter, placebo-controlled, single-blind study was conducted evaluating the safety, tolerability and clinical efficacy of Fortepren®, polyprenyl phosphates solution for injection, 4 mg/ml, in patients with chronic recurrent (at least 10–12 episodes per year) herpes infection of genital localization (Russian Ministry of Health approval #150, 03/05/2013; protocol # 29112012-FOR-001, 11/29/2012). Patients were treated with Fortepren® (i.m. 2.0 ml) at days 3, 24 and 45 after acute phase termination by the 10 day treatment course with Acyclovir (400 mg, 3 times a day). In the treatment group recurrence rate was decreased (60% vs. 45% in the control group), as well as severity of local symptoms. Fortepren® showed valid safety profile and good tolerability. Cytokine-producing ability of Fortepren® was examined in the supernatants of stimulated cells as well as blood plasma of patients using a multiplex analysis (MILLIPLEX® MAP Kit; cat. # HCYTOMAG-60K). Also whole blood was used to determine the IFN-status by biological method. Patients PMBL were collected at the beginning and in the end of the study, and stimulated with NDV or PHA. Fortepren® treatment of patients with a high incidence of recurrent herpes infection led to increase in the interferon-producing ability of leucocytes stimulated with NDV, as well as in the production of key cytokines (IL-1β, IL-15, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, IL-12 (p40 ), TNF-α, IFN-α2, IL-12 (p70), IL-6) taking part in the protection against virus infection. These studies were supported by Federal Target Program “The development of the pharmaceutical and medical industry of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 and beyond”.

Room temperature infrared reflectivity and near-millimetre transmission of (La 2/3 TiO 3 ) 1− x (LaAlO 3 ) x (LTA− x ) perovskite microwave ceramic system for x =0.04, 0.06, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 was measured and evaluated to obtain the complex dielectric function and optical conductivity. Polar phonon parameters were determined, discussed and compared with those recently found for the conducting perovskite LaTiO 3 . LTA− x is a low loss high permittivity dielectric with no dispersion of permittivity between 10 9 and 10 12 Hz range. In this range the dielectric losses increase roughly proportionally to frequency, as expected from the theory. This fact together with the low value of the losses indicates that the extrinsic losses were mainly suppressed during the processing and the remaining microwave losses are predominantly intrinsic

Direct measurements of the complex conductivity spectra of thin-film La2−2x SrxCuO4 are made at frequencies of 5–40 cm−1. Narrow, intense Drude-type excitation is observed in the superconducting phase.

IR reflectivity of B-site ordered and disordered Pb(Sc 1/2 Ta 1/2 )O 3 ceramics was measured and evaluated between 20 and 500 K. All the IR modes were assigned and their parameters and temperature dependences determined and discussed. No softening of any phonon mode was observed near the ferroelectric transition. Therefore, the transition is of order–disorder type and Pb vibrational anharmonicity seems to be the most important cause of disorder. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of prevailingly order–disorder ferroelectric phase transition among perovskite ferroelectrics. The comparison of ordered and disordered samples shows that the strength of the weak mode near 315 cm −1 assigned to Sc–Ta vibrations can be used to estimate the degree of local order in the disordered sample. This was estimated to be 21 vol.% in good agreement with 18 vol.% estimated from X-ray diffraction.

The electrodynamic response of Nb in the frequency range above and below the energy gap 2\ensuremath{\Delta} is studied in the normal and in the superconducting state. A coherent source interferometer is utilized in the spectral range between 5 and $30{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ to investigate the amplitude and the phase of the transmission through niobium films that allows the direct determination of both components of the complex conductivity. The optical conductivity up to $300{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ is evaluated using infrared reflection measurements. Below the 8.31-K superconducting transition temperature of the 150-\AA{}-thick film, the superconducting energy gap is observed to increase as the temperature decreases. The overall frequency dependence of the conductivity can be described using the BCS formalism and assuming finite scattering effects; however, at low temperatures we find deviations from the predicted behavior in the spectral range below the energy gap. Estimations of the gap at zero temperature $2\ensuremath{\Delta}(0)=24{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ or ${4.1k}_{B}{T}_{c}$ deviate from the weak-coupling BCS limit.

A quasioptical technique in the submillimeter frequency range (80–960 GHz) is employed to investigate the complex ab-plane conductivity σ ∗ = σ′ + i σ″ of YBa2Cu3O7−δ films on MgO substrates at temperatures between 3 and 300 K. Both, σ′ and σ″ are calculated from the measured transmission and the phase shift of the substrate-film system by using the exact optical formulae. Within the approximations fo the Drude model the effective scattering rate in the normal state can be estimated to be τ−1 ∼ 12 THz at 90 K. In the superconducting state the temperature and frequency dependencies of the complex conductivity substantially differ from the predictions of the standard BCS theory. The discrepancies can be qualitatively accounted for using models based on the d-wave symmetry of superconductivity.

We present the first wide-band (5–400 cm−1) measurements of the dynamical conductivity and the dielectric permittivity spectra of La2−xSrxCuO4 (x ≈ 0.16). A narrow Drude-like band is observed in the spectra, which is consistent with a d-wave pairing state. We determine the plasma frequency, scattering rate, and mean free path of the unpaired charge carriers responsible for this band. For the first time, “coherence peak”-like behavior is observed in the temperature dependence of the submillimeter conductivity of La2−xSrxCuO4, associated with the temperature evolution of the band in the superconducting state.

An immune system status of socially stressed laboratory rats Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 and their offsprings was studied. Several tests on activity of the macrophages and lymphocytes as well as on the tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) activity in the blood serum were used to assess an immune system status of the stressed and control groups of rats. The result indicated that social stress led to obvious alternations in the immune system of the stressed rats and especially of their offspring, where the changes were more pronounced.

Immunomodulating effect of salmozan injected at different times of the day was assessed by changes in 5-nucleotidase activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. The effect of the immunomodulator correlates with the level of 5-nucleotidase activity in control animals. When this value was high in the control, it was decreased in experimental rats, and vice versa. The effect of the immunomodulator on the enzyme activity and on immune and neuroendocrine parameters is governed by the “mirror symmetry” principle.

There are strong indications that the light-induced metal–insulator transition (MIT) in YH x is a quantum phase transition. If true, the conductivity should develop not only a characteristic scaling behavior with regard to doping and temperature, but also to frequency. Here we present our first results on the frequency–temperature scaling of the conductivity in YH x ( x ≈ 2.9 ) at sub-terahertz frequencies on the insulating side of the MIT. Although the absolute accuracy of the data is not optimal, the data suggest the expected ω / T -scaling to hold.

authoren We present a broadband optical-conductivity study of superconducting single-crystalline EuFe(AsP) with three different substitutional levels. We analyze the normal-state electrodynamics by decomposing the conductivity spectra using a Drude–Lorentz model with two Drude terms representing two groups of carriers with different scattering rates. The analysis reveals that the scattering rate of at least one of the Drude components develops linearly with temperature for each doping level. This points toward strong electron–electron correlations and a non-Fermi-liquid behavior in the P-substituted superconducting Eu-122 pnictides. We also detect a transfer of the spectral weight from mid-infrared to higher frequencies and assign it to the Hund's-rule coupling between itinerant and localized carriers. The conductivity spectra below the superconducting transition show no sharp features to be associated with the dirty-limit superconducting s-wave gaps. We interpret these results in terms of clean-limit superconductivity in EuFe(AsP). The best parametrization fit can be achieved using a two-gap model. We find that the larger gap at the hole pockets of the Fermi surface is likely to be isotropic, while the smaller gap at the electron pockets is anisotropic or even nodal. Schematic phase diagram of EuFe(AsP). The indicated phases are: spin density wave (SDW), superconductivity (SC), magnetic ordering of Eu spins (, brown), and a spin-glass state of the Eu subsystem (, green). Above the SC dome, a non-Fermi-liquid behavior (NFL) points toward a possible quantum critical point (QCP). The black arrows indicate the approximate positions of the compositions investigated in this study.

For over 60 years, high doses of lithium (hundreds of milligrams of elemental lithium) have being used to treat bipolar disorder. However, only during the past 20 years the relevant basic and clinical studies have shown that neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of lithium are possible in much smaller doses ( hundreds of micrograms of elemental lithium). These data indicate a significant potential for the clinical applications of lithium-based drugs in modern neurology for the purposes of prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative and ischemic pathologies. Pharmacological and molecular biology studies indicated that the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-syntentase-3 (GSK-3) and induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factors are the main mechanisms of neurotropic actions of lithium. Also, by inhibiting the NMDA receptors, lithium regulates the calcium homeostasis and inhibits the activation of calcium-dependent apotosis. These and other molecular mechanisms of lithium action protect neurons from ischemia and neurodegeneration thus contributing to a significant reduction of neurological deficit in various models of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.Уже более 60 лет высокие дозы лития (сотни мг в расчете на элементный литий) используются для лечения биполярного аффективного расстройства. Проведенные за последние 20 лет экспериментальные исследования показывают, что нейропротективные и нейротрофические эффекты лития в гораздо меньших дозировках (сотни мкг) имеют существенный потенциал в неврологии - для профилактики и лечения ишемических повреждений и дегенеративных заболеваний ЦНС. Ингибирование гликоген-синтетазы-киназы-3 и индукция мозгового нейротрофического фактора являются основными механизмами действия лития. Также посредством ингибирования NMDA-рецепторов литий регулирует кальциевый гомеостаз и подавляет кальций-зависимую активацию апоптоза. С помощью этих и других молекулярных механизмов препараты лития защищают нервные клетки в экспериментальных моделях инсульта и нейродегенеративных заболеваний, что способствует достоверному снижению неврологического дефицита.

We measured susceptibility to the Müller-Lyer illusion in schizophrenic patients and normal observers. The images of the Müller-Lyer figure were digitally filtered in a high-frequency and low-frequency band by wavelet filter. Patients with schizophrenia are more susceptible to Müller-Lyer illusion, than mentally healthy examinees. The images of the Müller-Lyer figure with low spatial frequency were perceived in a similar way by the schizophrenic patients on the initial stage of disease and the control subjects. Patients with schizophrenia were more sensitive to the Müller-Lyer illusion when the image contained only high or medium spatial frequency. Schizophrenic patients in advanced stage were more susceptible to the illusion while presented with all types of images of the Müller-Lyer figure than the control group. It is hypothesized that those differences arise from the mismatch work of the magnocellular and parvocellular systems. It is known that images with the high spatial frequencies are most relevant for the parvocellular visual channels. The magnocellular visual channels are most sensitive to the images with the low spatial frequencies. Thus these findings demonstrate a significant impairment in parvocellular pathway function in patients on initial stage of schizophrenia. The patients on advanced stage of schizophrenia demonstrate impairment of both the parvocellular and magnocellular systems.

The indolizines are accessed from simple dieneamines by an intramolecular, diastereo-, regio-, and chemoselective directed hydroboration/oxidative migration strategy.

Non-stop carbocationic polycyclizations of isoprenoids have been called the most complex chemical reactions occurring in nature. We describe a strategy for the initiation of tail-to-head polycyclization that relies on the sequestration of the counteranion away from the carbocation, which allows full propagation of the cationic charge. If the anion is mobile, Coulombic forces hold this species in close proximity to the carbocation and cause preemptive termination through elimination. Anion sequestration is crucial for effecting the biomimetic synthesis of complex and unstable terpenes, including the highly strained funebrenes. This study illustrates the deleterious role of the counterion in tail-to-head carbocationic polycyclization reactions, which to the best of our knowledge has not been rigorously explored. These observations are also expected to find use in the design and control of cationic polycyclization along biosynthetic pathways that have previously been inaccessible in bulk solvent.

In order to better appreciate the neurophysiologic mechanisms of perception of length under conditions of geometrical visual illusions, we studied sensitivity of mentally healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients to Ponzo and Müller-Lyer illusion. Patients with schizophrenia estimated length of segments of Müller-Lyer figure less precisely. Accuracy of perception of length of segments in Ponzo figure was ambiguously connected with the duration of the disease. Persons suffering from schizophrenia for a short time were less inclined to Ponzo illusion than mentally healthy subjects. On the contrary, patients who suffered from schizophrenia for a long time were more sensitive to this illusion. Ponzo illusion can be used as a marker of schizophrenia which is found out during the specific period of development of the disease. High sensitivity of patients with schizophrenia to Müller-Lyer and Ponzo illusions supports a hypothesis about the role of the global analysis of an image during processing of its low-frequency component in formation of the illusions under study.

Demonstration of the ability of native products of lactobacteria to bind mannose containing N-glycans as a display of one of the mechanisms of probiotic behavior of these symbiont microorganism in gastrointestinal tract (GIT).Lactobacillus plantarum 30 grown on selective medium (MRS-agar) and their ultrasound lysates were used in the study. Standard technique of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was used with inactivated Listeria monocytogenes culture as a priming agent.DTH reaction in vivo has demonstrated that oligomannoside N-glycan of egg albumin is a general acceptor for adhesins that are present in the native preparations of certain L. plantarum strains, as well as for phosprenyl (PHP) immunomodulator--an inhibitor of cell IL-2 reception.The data obtained give evidence that mannose specific adhesins that are conserved in lactobacteria preparations have the same binding sites in egg albumin as PHP and, therefore, IL-2.