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Background Although many studies have investigated iatrogenic radial nerve palsy (RNP) in humerus shaft fracture, there is inconsistent evidence on which approach leads to iatrogenic RNP. Moreover, no meta-analysis has directly compared the anterolateral and posterior approaches regarding iatrogenic RNP. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically for studies published before March 30, 2021. We included studies that (1) assessed the RNP in the surgical treatment of humerus shaft fracture and (2) directly compared the anterolateral and posterior approaches regarding the RNP. We performed synthetic analyses of the incidence of iatrogenic RNP and the recovery rate of iatrogenic RNP in humerus shaft fracture between the anterolateral and posterior approaches. Results Our study enrolled nine studies, representing 1303 patients who underwent surgery for humerus shaft fracture. After exclusion of traumatic RNP, iatrogenic RNP was reported in 35 out of 678 patients in the anterolateral approach and in 69 out of 497 patients in the posterior approach. Pooled analysis revealed that the incidence of iatrogenic RNP was significantly higher in the posterior approach than in the anterolateral approach (OR = 2.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-4.35; P Conclusion In this meta-analysis, the posterior approach showed a higher incidence of iatrogenic RNP than the anterolateral approach in the surgical treatment of humerus shaft fracture. With limited studies, it is difficult to anticipate if any particular approach favors the recovery of iatrogenic RNP.

Background: Men over the age of 40 are more likely to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is characterized by proliferation of the prostatic epithelium and stroma. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), is an essential metalloid mineral and antioxidant. In this study, SeNPs were tested for their potential protective and curative impacts on BPH in rats. Materials and methods: 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group I (Control group); Group II (Orchiectomized group): bilateral orchiectomy was conducted on rats; Group III (BPH group): testosterone (TE) enanthate injection was used to induce BPH; Group IV (Protective group): rats were given SeNP before subjecting rats to BPH; Group V (Curative group): rats were succumbed to BPH, followed by administration of SeNP. Measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and TE in serum was performed and prostates were weighed and prepared for histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination. Results: In the BPH group, serum TE- and PSA-levels, as well as prostate weight, increased significantly and significant decreases in the protective and curative groups. Reduced acinar lumen, expansion of stroma and epithelial hyperplasia were noticed in the BPH group, which were ameliorated significantly both in protective and curative groups. There was an increase in PCNA immunoreaction in the BPH group and a decrease in both the protective and curative groups. On TEM of BPH group, the nuclei appeared irregular with dilated endoplasmic reticulum, loss of cell boundaries and apical microvilli. The protective group showed more improvement than the curative group. Conclusions: The effects of SeNPs on BPH induced by TE in rats, were both protective and curative, although the protective effects were more pronounced.

Background Sentinel node biopsy in vulvar cancer is associated with much less morbidity than inguinofemoral node dissection. Our study focused on describing the morphology of superficial lymphatic drainage of the vulva and its relationship to regional nodes, which may facilitate orientation during surgery. Materials and methods In 24 female cadavers, injections of patent blue (at various localizations mediallyunilaterally and bilaterally) were used to visualize the lymphatic drainage of the vulva. After dissection of lymphatic vessels and nodes, their course was documented by photograph and then analyzed. Subsequently, a map of vulvar superficial lymphatics was created. Results The cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue of the vulva primarily drained to superficial inguinal nodes. There was no evidence of a solitary lymph node that drained the unilateral vulva. Each area of the vulva drained to its own lymph node, which was variably localized in the subcutaneous groin around the great saphenous vein. Anastomoses between individual inguinal superficial lymph nodes are likely. Right-left symmetry in the course of lymphatic collectors was not detected. Natural drainage of the medial and paramedial areas to contralateral inguinal nodes was also not detected. The drainage pattern to ipsilateral inguinal nodes was consistent in cadavers without evidence of vulvar disease and may be applicable in the early stages of vulvar cancer. Conclusions There was no evidence of a solitary node that drained the unilateral vulva. Each part of the vulva may drain to a corresponding lymph node in a different localization of the groin. The surgeon should take this variability into account.

In aging males, androgen production by testicular Leydig cells decreases at a rate of approximately 1% per year. Phenolic compounds may enhance testosterone biosynthesis and delay the onset of male hypogonadism. Gigantol is a bibenzyl compound isolated from several types of orchids of the genus Dendrobium. This compound has various biological activities, including antioxidant activity. However, its capacity to regulate gene expression and steroid production in testicular Leydig cells has never been evaluated. We investigated the effect of gigantol on MA-10 Leydig cells’ gene expression using an RNA-Seq approach. To further investigate the structure-function relationship of the hydroxy-methoxyphenyl moiety of gigantol, experiments were also performed with ferulic acid and isoferulic acid. According to transcriptomic analysis, all genes coding for cholesterol biosynthesis-related enzymes are increased in response to gigantol treatment, resulting in increased lipid droplets accumulation. Moreover, treatments with 10 μM gigantol increased StAR protein levels and progesterone production from MA-10 Leydig cells. However, neither ferulic acid nor isoferulic acid influenced StAR protein synthesis and progesterone production in MA-10 Leydig cells. Thus, our findings indicate that gigantol improves cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis within testicular Leydig cells.

International audience; The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein belonging to the TGFb superfamily implicated in human embryonic development. This hormone was first described as allowing regression of the epithelial embryonic Müllerian structures in males, which would otherwise differentiate into the uterus and fallopian tubes. It activates a signaling pathway mediated by two transmembrane receptors. Binding of AMH to its receptor induces morphological changes leading to the degeneration of Müllerian ducts. Recently, new data has shown the role played by this hormone on structures other than the genital tract. If testicular AMH expression decreases in humans over the course of a lifetime, synthesis may persist in other tissues in adulthood. The mechanisms underlying its production have been unveiled. The aim of this review is to describe the different pathways in which AMH has been identified and plays a pivotal role.

Abstract: The arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurohypophysial hormone is synthesized within specific central nervous system sites and axonally transported to multiple areas, acting as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. In this context, AVP acts primarily through vasopressin receptors A and B and is involved in regulating complex social cognition and behaviors and basic autonomic function. Many earlier studies have shown that AVP as a neuromodulator affects synaptic plasticity. This review updates our current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms by which AVP affects synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we discuss AVP modulatory effects on event-related potentials and blood oxygen level-dependent responses in specific brain structures and AVP effects on the network level oscillatory activity. We aimed at providing an overview of the AVP effects on the brain from synaptic to the network level.

Kidneys express a diverse array of enzymes that can catalyze the bioactivation of many drugs and xenobiotics. The kidneys are particularly susceptible to chemically induced toxicity because of their basic physiology and biochemistry. The article discusses the role of bioactive reactions in chemically induced nephrotoxicity. Keywords: nephrotoxicity; xenobiotics; kidney; bioactive reactions; drug toxicity

Objective: To investigate the incidence of neonatal birth defects in assisted reproductive technology (ART) by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: The clinical data of 4229 cases of singleton deliver by infertile patients under 35 years old who received IVF/ICSI-ET in our center were analyzed. According to different fertilization methods, they were divided into IVF group (2967 cases) and ICSI group (1262 cases). The general situation of birth, birth defects and the location of defects were compared between the two groups. Results: a total of 38 cases of neonatal birth defects were found, the incidence of birth defects was 0.89%, including 30 cases (1.01%) in IVF group and 8 cases (0.64%) in ICSI group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in birth weight, gestational age and gender ratio between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Different fertilization methods in assisted reproductive technology do not increase the incidence of neonatal birth defects.

Introduction: Human studies about the impact of cannabis use on both healthy kidneys as well as kidney function in patients with kidney disease are lacking. To shed more light on this understudied ...

Pelvic pain may be caused by disorders of the reproductive, urinary, or gastrointestinal systems. In the pediatric population, pelvic pain is often first evaluated with ultrasonography, with other imaging modalities reserved for further workup or specific indications. Radiologists must be aware of the findings associated with common pelvic emergencies to allow prompt diagnosis and prevention of life-threatening complications. Although the range of pelvic pathology is extensive, this pictorial review presents ultrasound examples of common nontraumatic causes of pelvic pain encountered in the pediatric population, with a brief discussion about multimodality imaging features.

Extracellular vesicles are important vectors for cell-cell communication and show potential value for diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. The pathologic diagnosis of kidney diseases relies on kidney biopsy, whereas collection of extracellular vesicles from urine or circulating blood may constitute a less invasive diagnostic tool. In particular, urinary extracellular vesicles released mainly from resident kidney cells might provide an alternative tool for detection of kidney injury. Because extracellular vesicles mirror many features of their parent cells, cargoes of several populations of urinary extracellular vesicles are promising biomarkers for disease processes, like diabetic kidney disease, kidney transplant, and lupus nephritis. Contrarily, extracellular vesicles derived from reparative cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, tubular epithelial progenitor cells, and human umbilical cord blood represent promising regenerative tools for treatment of kidney diseases. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells-derived and engineered extracellular vesicles are being developed for specific applications for the kidney. Nevertheless, some assumptions regarding the specificity and immunogenicity of extracellular vesicles remain to be established. This review focuses on the utility of extracellular vesicles as therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) tools in kidney diseases and future directions for studies.

Infection with Chlamydia pecorum is one of the main causes of progressive decline of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in Eastern Australia. Pathological changes associated with the chlamydial infection in the genital tract of female and male koalas have been widely described with reports of acute and chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and the description of the cystic dilatation of the ovarian bursa. Although these disease manifestations can result in severe chronic inflammation, structural changes and even sterility, only limited data is currently available on the organism's distribution and associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes within the upper genital tract of affected females. This study examined the pathogenesis of the most common pathological lesion associated with chlamydiosis in female koalas, the cystic dilation of the ovarian bursa starting from the evidence that Chlamydia spp. induces disruption of the intercellular junctions in the epithelium of the reproductive organs in humans. Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to evaluate the structural features and the expression of epithelial cell and cellular junctions' markers in affected bursae from 39 Chlamydia-infected female koalas. Epithelial cells from the ovarian bursae of one affected animal examined by transmission electron microscopy showed severe widening of the intercellular space, as morphologic evidence of disrupted permeability of the epithelial barrier. The epithelial cell-cell junctions markers E-cadherin, β-catenin and ZO-1 expressions were significantly reduced in samples from cystic bursae when compared to normal tissue samples (P 0.0001). On the other end, a significantly higher expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 was observed in cystic bursae compared to control samples (P 0.0001). As these proteins are required to maintain epithelial functional integrity and cell-cell adhesive interactions, their loss may permanently impair and affect female koala fertility and suggest the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of the cystic accumulation of bursal fluid within this tissue.

The use of intravenous (IV) acetaminophen (APAP) for fever has not been thoroughly studied in neurocritical care (NCC) patients, in whom a temperature of ≥38°C is associated with poor outcomes and treatment to normothermia is common practice. This retrospective study evaluated NCC patients admitted between May 1, 2012, and April 30, 2013, and received at least one dose of IV or oral (PO) APAP for a body temperature of ≥38°C. The primary aim of this study was to compare the reduction in body temperature (RIT) between IV and PO APAP, calculated as the change in temperature before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6 hours after administration. Descriptive statistics were used to assess use characteristics, and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney

Compartmentalization is ubiquitous in the broad cellular context, especially in the formation of membraneless organelles (MOs). Membraneless organelles (MOs) are phase-separated liquid compartments that provide spatiotemporal control of biomolecules and metabolic activities inside a cell. While MOs exhibit intriguing properties such as efficient compositional regulation, thermodynamic metastability, environmental sensitivity and reversibility, their formation is driven by weak non-covalent interactions derived from simple motifs of intrinsic disordered proteins (IDPs). Understanding the natural design of IDPs and the liquid-liquid phase separation behavior will not only reveal insights about the contributions of MOs to cellular physiology and disease pathology, but also provides inspirations for the de novo design of dynamic biomolecules depots, self-regulated biochemical reactors, and stimuli-responsive systems. In this article, the sequence and structural features of IDPS that contribute to the organization of MOs are reviewed. Artificial MOs formed following these principles, including self-assembling peptides, synthetic IDPs, polyelectrolytes and peptide-polymer hybrids are described. Finally, we illustrate the applications and discuss the potential of the MO-inspired biomaterials, with examples spanning biochemical reactors, synthetic biology, drug discovery and drug delivery.

Advances in cancer therapy have significantly improved overall patient survival; however, AKI remains a common complication in patients with cancer, occurring in anywhere from 11% to 22% of patients, depending on patient-related or cancer-specific factors. Critically ill patients with cancer as well as patients with certain malignancies (

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a condition typified by multiple renal cysts and renal enlargement. Classification is usually determined by mode of inheritance—autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD). ARPKD frequently presents in fetal life, but here we report a rare case of a family with two siblings diagnosed with ADPKD manifesting in utero with novel genetic findings. During the first pregnancy, enlarged cystic kidneys were noted at the gestational age (GA) of 18 weeks, which became progressively larger and anyhdramnios ensued by GA of 25 weeks. The couple opted to terminate the pregnancy. The second pregnancy similarly presented with bilateral enlarged cystic kidneys, but amniotic fluid remained normal throughout and she delivered at GA of 36 weeks. Genetic testing revealed the fetus to be heterozygous in AD PKD1, which is known to cause ADPKD and heterozygous for a hypomorphic allele for ADPKD of uncertain significance. The fetus was also found to be heterozygous in the AR PKHD1 gene with a variant not previously described in the literature. Where fetal features consistent with ARPKD are identified in the setting of familial ADPKD, this fetal manifestation of ADPKD, resulting from combined variants in the PKD1 gene, should be considered.

We describe antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and concurrent parainfluenza pneumonia. Circulating anti-GBM antibodies were barely detectable and disappeared rapidly following corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange. Kidney biopsy demonstrated strong linear GBM staining for IgG and IgG4 and unusually prominent endocapillary hypercellularity, suggesting ‘atypical anti-GBM disease’, although glomerular necrosis and crescents were also seen. When kidney function deteriorated further, despite persistently absent circulating anti-GBM antibodies, a repeat kidney biopsy was performed, showing crescents in 100% of glomeruli with ongoing endocapillary hypercellularity and strong IgG and IgG4 GBM staining. This case highlights complexities in the diagnosis of anti-GBM disease, with clinical and histological features bridging the atypical to typical anti-GBM disease spectrum. We hypothesise that these findings might be explained by the presence of IgG4 (rather than traditional IgG1 or IgG3) autoantibodies. To our knowledge, this is also the first report of parainfluenza associated with anti-GBM disease.

This ATLAS presents in appended form the complete monographic study on the subject. The idea is to bring the results out of the "heavier" didactic format required for the scientific presentation and at the same time to systematize all the information needed for the subsequent clinical research. The present excerpt from monographic work seeks to introduce the possibility that oncological diseases become chronic (like diabetes). The theoretical basis on which we refer is the fact that cancer cells feed only on carbohydrates. In turn, there is evidence that some nitrile glycosides have anti-cancer properties. The study is divided into four parts presented in the form of goals. Proceeding from the particular to the general, the fine molecular structure and all possible biochemical reactions of Amygdalin are examined. By itself, it is highly toxic to the physiologically active animal cell. Amygdalin has NO pronounced antitumor properties. In the first goal, he examines precisely the acceptable form for admission. It is concluded that the active anticancer molecular form is a stoichiometric mixture of the amide and carboxyl derivative of the nitrile glycoside. The second goal is to study the exact action of the anti-tumor product already introduced. After an extremely precise biochemical and mathematical analysis, a series of biochemical cycles of the exact passage of the product through the digestive system, penetration into the blood, approach to cancer cells and selective passage through their cell membrane have been deduced. The third goal is to define the chemical and pharmaceutical molecular forms. 54 methodological and/or pharmaceutical models with hundreds of variables for each are reviewed and analyzed here. The fourth goal (it is this purpose that is separately brought out in this edition) presents the interpretable prediction of anticancer susceptibility of glycosidic amides. The affinities of the pharmaceutical form to each known cancer cell line are reviewed. The results surpass many times all anti-cancer drugs and with significantly reduced toxicity. In an additional part, a generalized clinical control is presented. When conducting the treatment, it is also vitally important to not divert the therapy process to irreversible pathology. Result: The cancer can become chronic and become a practically curable disease., The theoretical basis is based on - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7295357 | Full calculations are posted here*: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7550371 | *- the information is constantly updated - choose the current version at the moment, {"references":["Cadow, J., Born, J., Manica, M., Oskooei, A., & Martínez, M. R. (2020). PaccMann: a web service for interpretable anticancer compound sensitivity prediction. Nucleic Acids Research, 48(W1), W502-8. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa327","Christopher, A. (2017). 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Background: Exclusive breast milk is the recommended nutrition by the World Health Organization (WHO) until six months of age, followed by introducing foods with continual breastfeeding. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical used as a monomer in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Human exposure to BPA can cause numerous adverse health effects such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease, with children and infants as the most susceptible groups. Thus, this study aimed to determine BPA concentration in the colostrum of 64 mothers hospitalized at the University Hospital Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago through the ELISA technique. We also assessed possible associations between breast milk BPA concentration and lactogenesis II. The results showed that all the breast milk samples contained a high concentration of BPA with a median value of 34.18 ng/mL. In addition, exposure to BPA did not alter the nutritional status of the mother; however, BPA concentration in mothers is influenced by the consumption of food packaged in plastic containers. The total daily intake of BPA in breastfed babies was 19.5 µg/kg/day and 28.5 µg/kg/day was recorded in the 95th percentile of the body weight per day, which is higher than the maximum daily intake by the European Food Safety Authority. This is of public health importance as a high concentration of BPA in the breast milk of the lactating mothers in this study could cause severe health problems in these mothers and much more in the infants breastfeeding on these BPA-contaminated breast milk.

Medications are a common cause of AKI, especially for patients admitted to hospital wards and the intensive care unit. Although drug-related kidney injury occurs through different mechanisms, this review will focus on three specific types of tubulointerstitial injury. Direct acute tubular injury develops from several medications, which are toxic to various cellular functions. Their excretory pathways through the proximal tubules contribute further to AKI. Drug-induced AKI may also develop through induction of inflammation within the tubulointerstitium. Medications can elicit a T cell-mediated immune response that promotes the development of acute interstitial nephritis leading to AKI. Although less common, a third pathway to kidney injury results from the insolubility of drugs in the urine leading to their precipitation as crystals within distal tubular lumens, causing a crystalline-related AKI. Intratubular obstruction, direct tubular injury, and localized inflammation lead to AKI. Clinicians should be familiar with the pathogenesis and clinical-pathologic manifestations of these forms of kidney injury. Prevention and treatment of AKI relies on understanding the pathogenesis and judiciously using these agents in settings where AKI risk is high.

The Na +/H + exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) facilitates Na + reabsorption and H + secretion by the kidneys. Despite stronger NHE3 abundance in the thick ascending limb (TAL) compared to the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule, the role of NHE3 in the TAL is poorly understood. To investigate the role of NHE3 in the TAL, we generated and phenotyped TAL-specific NHE3 knockout mice (NHE3 TAL-KO). Compared to control mice, NHE3 TAL-KO mice did not show significant differences in body weight, blood pH or plasma Na +, K + or Cl - levels. Fluid intake trended to be higher and urine osmolality was significantly lower in NHE3 TAL-KO mice. Despite a similar GFR, NHE3 TAL-KO mice had a greater urinary K +/creatinine ratio. One proposed role of NHE3 relates to furosemide-induced urinary acidification. Acute bolus treatment with furosemide under anesthesia did not result in differences in the dose dependence of urinary flow rate, Cl - excretion or maximal urinary acidification between genotypes; however, in contrast to control mice, urinary pH returned immediately towards baseline levels in NHE3 TAL-KO mice. Chronic furosemide treatment reduced urine osmolality similarly in both genotypes but metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia and calciuresis were absent in NHE3 TAL-KO mice. Compared to vehicle, chronic furosemide treatment in control mice resulted in greater NKCC2 and lower Npt2a abundances, effects that were absent in NHE3 TAL-KO mice. In summary, NHE3 in the TAL plays a role for the sustained acidification effect of furosemide. Consistent with this, long-term treatment with furosemide did not result in metabolic alkalosis in NHE3 TAL-KO mice.

International audience; Purpose: Infertility in adolescents and young adult (AYA) survivors of malignant disease remains a major long-term adverse effect, but semen collection for fertility preservation in fertility centers is not always feasible and makes AYAs uncomfortable. We evaluated the feasibility of collecting sperm samples on the ward versus in fertility centers. Methods: Consecutive hospitalized AYA-aged male patients in the Hematology AYA unit (Saint-Louis Hospital, France) between August 2010 and June 2016 with hematological disease and indication of semen collection (n = 95) were included in this retrospective study. Semen quality was analyzed according to World Health Organization guidelines and was compared according to semen collection place: on the ward (n = 46) or in fertility center (n = 49). Results: The median age was median age 19.1 years (range: 13.7-33.3; interquartile range: 17.1-22.8) and 85 patients successfully collected semen. Sperm collection failure was ∼11% and was comparable between the two modalities as were main sperm quality characteristics (semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility and vitality, sperm morphology, and multiple anomalies index). Oligospermia was significantly higher in the samples obtained in fertility center (47.7%) than on the ward (26.8%), p = 0.047. Average frozen straws were comparable, 12.2 ± 6.4 on the ward versus 11.9 ± 6.3 in fertility center. Conclusion: Semen collection on the ward is feasible and would be particularly interesting for AYA male patients without altering semen quality characteristics.

In this paper, we have studied the role of chromosomal abnormalities in the expression of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) of radioresistant (K562) and radiosensitive (HL-60) leukemia cell line. Cells were exposed to an X-ray dose of 4 Gy. SnoRNA expression was investigated using NGS sequencing. The distribution of expressed snoRNAs on chromosomes has been found to be different for two cell lines. The most significant differences in the expression of snoRNAs were found in the K562 cell line based on the analysis of the dynamics of log2fc values. The type of clustering, the number and type of snoRNAs slightly differed in the chromosomes with trisomy and monosomy and had a pronounced difference in pairs with marker chromosomes in both cell lines. In this study, we have demonstrated that chromosomal abnormalities alter the expression of snoRNA after irradiation. Trisomies and monosomies do not have such a noticeable effect on the expression of snoRNAs as the presence of marker chromosomes.

To investigate the pharmacodynamic effects of ruscogenin on acute kidney injury and the Rev-erbα/β regulation of ferroptosis intervention mechanism. The C57BL-6 mice were induced acute kidney injury with folic acid. Plasma, urine, and kidney samples were collected after intraperitoneal injection of ruscogenin (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg). We measured mouse kidney function indicators, including creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase (NAG), albumin, albumin and creatinine rate (ACR), renal index, and renal injury molecule-1 expression. Meanwhile, we detected the levels of ferroptosis indicators malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonylated proteins, iron ions, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX-4), and glutathione (GSH). The expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and Rev-erbα/β were detected by the Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Ruscogenin (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced the index of folic acid-induced acute kidney injury and alleviated acute kidney injury. In kidney tissues, ruscogenin inhibited folic acid-induced Rev-erbα/β expression, restored HO-1 and SLC7A11 expression to normal levels, and alleviated ferroptosis. Ruscogenin ameliorates acute kidney injury via suppressing ferroptosis in kidney tissues through modulation of the Rev-erbα/β-SLC7A11/HO-1 pathway.

Tubal pregnancy is a common abnormal pregnancy manifestation, and the ordinary conservative treatment of tubal adhesion usually leads to the rupture of fallopian tube, which increases the risk of a second ectopic pregnancy. To avoid this symptom, it is suitable to implant a stent to separate the adhesion. Here we prepared the PBAT/PLGA foam as the stent material using supercritical CO2 foaming technology. With uniform macroporous structure and thin-wall feature, the foam possessed low compressive modulus in prevention of the possible second injury to the fallopian tube. The introduction of PLGA 50/50 improved the biodegradable capability of the foam, with a weight loss about 20% after a 12-week hydrolysis. After implanted into the ruptured fallopian tube of the rabbit model, the foam displayed excellent biocompatibility, and provided a good support to prevent tubal adhesion. As such, this work provides the foam material as a promising candidate for fallopian tube stent to remedy the tubal adhesion.