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Background and Objective: Nowadays, musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important occupational health issues which are prevalent in almost all occupations. This study aimed to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders and their related factors in housewives, Yazd Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 396 housewives in Yazd Province, Iran, during 2019. The data were collected using the Nordic questionnaire in person. Moreover, this questionnaire and Rapid Entire Body Assessment Method were utilized to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and assess the body ergonomic posture at work, respectively. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the independent t-test and ANOVA. Results: The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in the housewives were observed in the lumbar region (67%), knee (53%), and neck (43%). Moreover, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in some body areas increased as a result of an increase in the number of children, as well as decline of the welfare status, and the use of assistive devices at home. It should be mentioned that the musculoskeletal disorders had a significant impact on the calf and ankle. Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders in the studied population. Moreover, age, marriage age, height, weight, number of pregnancies and children, education level, welfare and residential status, daily exercises, used devices, elevator, and staircase played a significant role in the outbreak of musculoskeletal disorders. Considering the large population of housewives, it is recommended that more extensive studies be conducted on these disorders in this group.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the major work-related diseases resulting from repetitive motions, awkward postures and exertion of excessive force on joints or an acute trauma. The present study was an attempt to determine the Prevalence and factors associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among street cleaners of Isfahan Municipality. Methods: the present article is a cross-sectional causal-comparative study conducted on street cleaners of Isfahan Municipality. Cochran's formula was used to select 173 individuals as samples through convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire covering demographic data (age, marital status, previous and current work experience, type of physical activity, work-related activity, height and weight of individuals, height and weight of tools, etc.) and specialized data (Nordic Self-Reporting Questionnaire). SPSS software and independent T-test were used to analyze the collected data. Results: 93% of street cleaners experienced musculoskeletal disorders in at least one organ over the past 12 months and factors associated with these disorders reportedly include occupational experience, age, marital status, height and weight of instrument, Body mass index and posture). The musculoskeletal disorders were found to be most prevalent in lower back (33%) and the shoulders (32.9%) and least prevalent in thighs (5%) over the past 12 months. Conclusion: The results showed that musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent in different parts of street cleaners’ body, and a variety of factors including work experience, age, marital status, tool height, tool weight, tool grip strength and posture are associated with that. The results also showed that correction of body movements and designing an ergonomic tool commensurate with the physical activity of street cleaners can prevent musculoskeletal disorders among them.

Este trabajo de investigación pretende determinar la asociación entre la morbilidad sentida de los DME y la percepción de la actividad física laboral en los trabajadores del área operativa de una institución aeroportuaria de la ciudad de Pereira, para lo cual se adaptó y aplicó el cuestionario nórdico, con el que se estableció la morbilidad sentida de los DME, y el cuestionario internacional de actividad física – IPAQ, mediante el cual se determinó la percepción de la AF laboral de los participantes. Mediante el cálculo de coeficientes de correlación de Pearson se pudo establecer el tipo de asociación existente entre las variables a estudio. Esta es una investigación de tipo cuantitativa no experimental, de diseño trasversal – correlacional, cuyos participantes se escogieron mediante un muestreo por conveniencia no probabilístico, del cual hicieron parte de manera voluntaria 55 trabajadores. Se encontró que sí existe asociación entre las variables “percepción de la AF laboral” y la “morbilidad sentida de los DME laborales”, y que dicha asociación puede presentarse tanto de manera positiva como negativa, aunque en esta investigación en particular se encontró una asociación mayormente positiva. Queda a discusión la necesidad de complementar estos resultados con la aplicación de otras herramientas de diagnóstico, como las del campo de la ergonomía, para determinar y caracterizar de mejor manera los casos particulares. This research work aims to determine the association between the felt morbidity of MSDs and the perception of physical activity at work in workers of the operative area of an airport institution in the city of Pereira, for which the nordic questionnaire was adapted and applied, with which the felt morbidity of MSDs was established, and the international physical activity questionnaire - IPAQ, through which the perception of PA at work of the participants was determined. By calculating Pearson's correlation coefficients, it was possible to establish the type of association existing between the variables under study. This is a non-experimental quantitative research, with a transversal-correlational design, whose participants were chosen by means of a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, of which 55 workers took part voluntarily. It was found that there is an association between the variables "perception of PA at work" and "felt morbidity of occupational MSDs", and that this association can occur both positively and negatively, although in this particular research a mostly positive association was found. It remains to be discussed the need to complement these results with the application of other diagnostic tools, such as those in the field of ergonomics, to better determine and characterize the particular cases. Especialista en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Especialización

Identificar el nivel de riesgo biomecánico en los trabajadores del área de administración, acueducto y alcantarillado de la empresa Empumelgar, por medio de métodos de evaluación ergonómica adecuados para los puestos de trabajo, con el fin de determinar su asociación con la morbilidad sentida y medidas que minimicen el riesgo y prevengan la aparición de trastornos musculo-esqueléticos La presente investigación muestra el nivel del riesgo biomecánico en los trabajadores del área administrativa, acueducto y alcantarillado de la empresa Empumelgar, a causa de que la empresa no cuenta con un método adecuado para la evaluación de los riesgos biomecánicos, además los trabajadores han manifestado presentar molestias musculo esqueléticas y han optado por auto medicarse, sin que la empresa le dé la suficiente importancia al riesgo. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto se procede a identificar los factores de riesgo biomecánicos existentes en los puestos de trabajo, así mismo se realiza la caracterización sociodemográfica de la muestra seleccionada, posteriormente se conoce el estado actual de salud con respecto a los síntomas musculo esqueléticos de cada trabajador a través del cuestionario Nórdico, seguidamente se aplica el método de evaluación ergonómica (REBA) y finalmente se analizan los resultados con el fin de proponer estrategias que ayuden a mitigar los factores de riesgo biomecánicos encontrados. Con este fin, la pregunta de investigación es la siguiente: ¿Cuál es el nivel de riesgo biomecánico y su asociación con la morbilidad sentida en los trabajadores del área administrativa, acueducto y alcantarillado de la empresa Empulmelgar? Para dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigación, se utiliza una metodología de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo y la información se recolecta por medio de la técnica de observación y el cuestionario Nórdico. Además para evaluar el riesgo biomecánico, así como las distintas posturas corporales de los trabajadores ha sido fundamentalmente por medio del método de evaluación ergonómico REBA el cual, con la ayuda de sus resultados permite conocer la relación que existe entre el nivel de riesgo de las posturas y las molestias manifestadas por parte de los trabajadores. En la empresa se evidencia que los niveles más altos de exposición por riesgo biomecánico se dan por levantamiento manual de cargas, movimientos repetitivos y posturas forzadas, así como las tareas que demandan más esfuerzo entre ellas palear, martillar, cargar y demoler. De acuerdo al cuestionario Nórdico se evidenció que las partes del cuerpo que presentan mayor molestia son la zona dorsal o lumbar, muñeca y cuello; con un tiempo de molestia en promedio mayor a un año. De igual manera se han presentado cambios de puestos de trabajo por motivos de sobreesfuerzos y carga postural. Mediante la implementación del método REBA se obtuvo el nivel de riesgo postural y el nivel de actuación, dando como resultado que el nivel de riesgo en promedio es muy alto con un 62.5%, también se obtuvo un riesgo alto representado en un 12.5% y por ultimo un nivel de riesgo medio con un 25% siendo este último en el área administrativa. En cuanto al nivel de actuación para el área operativa se consideró que debe de ser intervenido de manera inmediata y para el área administrativa la intervención se considera necesaria. Una vez analizado los riesgos se han propuesto una serie de medidas de intervención de acuerdo a los criterios de jerarquización, entre ellas se recomienda la constante capacitación del riesgo biomecánico, la adecuación de puestos de trabajo, la implementación de pausas activas de estiramiento y relajación muscular, además de facilitar elementos que generen mejor estabilidad y ergonomía en la realización de las actividades diarias de los trabajadores. The current research reveals the level of biomechanical risk in the executive area, aqueducte and sewage's workers of the Empumelgar company, because the company does not have an adequate method for assessing biomechanical risks, Besides, the workers have expressed to register skeletal muscle pain and have chosen to self-medicate without the company place value on it. For the developing of this project, it proceeds to identify the features of the existing biomechanical risks at the workstation. Similarly, the sociodemographic characterization is done about the selected sample. Afterwards it knows the health current state with regard to the skeleton muscles symptons of each worker through the Nordic questionnaire, continuedly it applies the ergonomic evaluation method (REBA) and finally it analyses the results with the objective to propose strategies that helps to mitigate the features of biomechanical risks found. According to this, the research question is: What is the level of biomechanical risks and its association with the sense morbidity in the executive area, aqueducte and sewage's workers of the Empumelgar company? To answer the research question, it uses a methodology of descriptive type and transversal cut with a quantitative approach and the information is recolected through the observation technique and the Nordic questionnaire. Besides, to evaluate the biomechanical risk as the different corporal postures of the workers have been mainly through the ergonomic evaluation method REBA, which, the help of its results allows to know the relation between the level of the posture risk and the pain expressed of the workers. In the factory is demonstrated the highest levels of exposition by biomechanical risks are given for the manual lifting of loads, repetitive movement and forced postures as the taks which need more effort, such as shoveling, hammering, loading and demolishing. According to the Nordic questionnaire is evidenced that the parts of the body that present more pain are dorsal or lumbar zone, wrist and neck; with an aproximately time of pain longer than a year. Likewise it has presented changes of workstation on account of overstrain and postural load. Through the implementation of the REBA method, was got the level of postural risk and the level of activity, giving as a result that the level of risk is very high with 62,5%, also, was got a high risk represented in 12.5% and finally a medium level risk with 25% being the last one in executive area. It's considered for the activity level for operations area, must be tapped immediately and for the executive area the intervention is necessary. Once, the the risks are analysed, it has proposed intervenction measures according to the approaches of prioritization, it recommends the constant training of biomechanical riks, the workstation adaption, the implementation of active pauses of stretching and muscle relaxation, besides to facilitate elements that generate better stability and ergonomy in the implementation of workers daily activities.

Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a los desórdenes musculo esqueléticos de acuerdo con la guía técnica colombiana (GTC-45) en los trabajadores del área administrativa de una EPS ubicada en el municipio de Funza. El presente estudio busca en la EPS ubicada en el municipio de Funza enfocarse en el diagnóstico de condiciones y análisis de puesto de trabajo que conlleven a los DME de miembros superiores y columna que presenten o puedan presentar los trabajadores; que se encuentran relacionadas o agravadas por la actividad laboral, no sin antes recalcar la importancia del compromiso tanto de trabajadores como de los empleadores y a su vez generar una actitud participativa frente a la promoción de la salud, y prevención de la enfermedad, enmarcado en el compromiso de autocuidado de la salud de cada uno de ellos. Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a los desórdenes musculo esqueléticos de acuerdo con la guía técnica colombiana (GTC-45) en los trabajadores del área administrativa de una EPS ubicada en el municipio de Funza. Se desarrolló un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo, transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, el cual diagnosticó una situación particular logrando identificar cuáles son los factores de riesgo asociados a DME en trabajadores del área administrativa de la EPS en el Municipio de Funza. Se va a proponer mediante un boletín informativo actividades de promoción y prevención de alteraciones osteomusculares en el área administrativa de una EPS ubicada en Funza. The present study seeks in the EPS located in the municipality of Funza to focus on the diagnosis of conditions and job analysis that lead to MSDs of upper limbs and spine that workers present or may present; which are related or aggravated by the work activity, not without first emphasizing the importance of the commitment of both workers and employers and in turn generate a participatory attitude towards health promotion and disease prevention, framed in the commitment to self-care of the health of each of them. To identify the risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders according to the Colombian technical guide (GTC-45) in the workers of the administrative area of an EPS located in the municipality of Funza. An observational study of descriptive, transversal type with quantitative approach was developed, which diagnosed a particular situation managing to identify which are the risk factors associated to MSD in workers of the administrative area of the EPS in the Municipality of Funza. An informative bulletin will propose activities for the promotion and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in the administrative area of an EPS located in Funza.

Valorar los riesgos laborales asociados a síntomas de desórdenes musculo esqueléticos en el personal domiciliario de la IPS TOTAL REHABILITATION Bucaramanga 2021. Los trastornos músculos esqueléticos se presentan con frecuencia en las empresas, siendo este el causante de generar ausentismos laborales provocando altos costos. Atendiendo a estos peligros que se vienen presentando en la IPS TOTAL REHABILITATION ubicada en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, se planteó la presente investigación teniendo como objetivo el análisis de los riesgos y sintomatologías asociadas a desordenes musculo esqueléticos en el personal domiciliario de la IPS, se utilizaron instrumentos validados como fueron: el cuestionario nórdico y la matriz de riesgo, los cuales facilitaron la toma de información para analizar, detectar y evaluar las sintomatologías y riesgos encontrados, esta información se recolecto por medio de formatos virtuales diligenciados por los colaboradores de la empresa, seguido se realizó la actualización de la matriz de riesgos mediante la guía técnica colombiana GTC 45 dando a conocer si el nivel del riesgo se asocia a alguna sintomatología encontrada en la ejecución del cuestionario nórdico, finalmente se relacionó la sintomatología que presentó cada profesional con los peligros y riesgos identificados según su profesión. Musculoskeletal disorders occur frequently in companies, this being the cause of generating absenteeism causing high costs. Considering these dangers that have been presented in the IPS TOTAL REHABILITATION located in the city of Bucaramanga, the present investigation was proposed with the objective of analyzing the risks and symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders in the IPS home staff. Validated instruments such as: the Nordic questionnaire and the risk matrix, which facilitated the collection of information to analyze, detect and evaluate the symptoms and risks found, this information was collected through virtual formats filled out by the company's collaborators, Following this, the risk matrix was updated using the Colombian technical guide GTC 45, revealing if the level of risk is associated with any symptoms found in the execution of the Nordic questionnaire, finally the symptoms presented by each professional were related to the dangers and risks identified according to their profesion.

Identificar cuáles son las alteraciones en la salud por exposición a riesgo biomecánico que pueden adquirir los trabajadores del área administrativa y de oficios varios del condominio campestre del Carmen de Apicalá. Este proyecto de investigación se centra en el estudio de las posibles alteraciones en la salud por exposición a riesgos biomecánico en los trabajadores del área administrativa y oficios varios del Condominio campestre del Carmen de Apicalá. Su objetivo principal es identificar cuáles son las alteraciones en la salud por exposición al riesgo biomecánico que pueden adquirir los trabajadores de las anteriores áreas nombradas de dicho condominio. La investigación tiene enfoque metodológico de tipo cuantitativo, ya que este se adapta a las necesidades y características de la investigación. Es decir, se vincula a conteos numéricos y métodos matemáticos. Su alcance es descriptivo y la población objeto de estudio son 60 trabajadores del área administrativa y oficios varios del condominio campestre del Carmen de Apicalá. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante la aplicación de la encuesta del perfil sociodemográfico, Cuestionario nórdico musculoesquelético, Matriz IPEVR (GTC 45) y método de observación directa. Los resultados obtenidos fueron que el 72% de los trabajadores encuestados pertenecen al género masculino y el 28% al género femenino. Por otro lado, al aplicar el cuestionario nórdico se localizó las partes del cuerpo donde los trabajadores presentan mayores molestias, tal como es el cuello, el dorso o lumbar y muñeca o mano. Los peligros identificados fueron movimientos repetitivos, manipulación manual de cargas, posturas forzadas y prolongadas y posturas estáticas prolongadas. De igual forma, con la aplicación de los diferentes instrumentos que se emplearon (Encuesta sociodemográfica, Cuestionario nórdico y observación directa) y recopilación y análisis de todos los datos obtenidos, se puede concluir que la mayoría de puestos de trabajo son inadecuados, genera una serie de incomodidades y afectaciones en la salud de los trabajadores lo que causan trastornos musculoesqueléticos. This research project focuses on the study of the possible alterations in health due to exposure to biomechanical risks in the workers of the administration area and various trades of the Condominio Campestre del Carmen de Apicalá. Its main objective is to identify which are the alterations in health due to exposure to biomechanical risk that workers of the above mentioned areas of the condominium may acquire. The research has a quantitative methodological approach, since it adapts to the needs and characteristics of the research. That is, it is linked to numerical counts and mathematical methods. Its scope is descriptive and the population under study are 60 workers of the administrative area and various trades of the country condominium of Carmen de Apicalá. The information was collected through the application of the sociodemographic profile survey, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, the IPEVR Matrix (GTC 45) and direct observation methods. The results obtained were that 72% of the workers surveyed belonged to the male gender and 28% to the female gender. On the other hand, when applying the Nordic questionnaire, the parts of the body where workers have more discomfort were located, such as the neck, back or lumbar and wrist or hand. The hazards identified were repetitive movements, manual handling of loads, forced and prolonged postures and prolonged static postures. Similarly, with the application of the different instruments that were used (sociodemographic survey, Nordic questionnaire and direct observation) and the collection and analysis of all the data obtained, it can be concluded that most jobs are inadequate, generating a series of discomforts and affectations in the health of workers, which cause musculoskeletal disorders.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is one of the important problems concerning the staffs' health and productivity in the workplace. Nutritional status and consumption of some foods are also among the determining factors of MSD. So, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation of diet and consumed food groups with MSD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 office workers. The participants' anthropometric parameters and their dietary information were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The findings were categorized into nine levels. The total scores were calculated for all the items per food group and per person. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was also administered to evaluate the MSD symptoms in nine parts of body. Results: The score of consumed food groups was compared between individuals “with pain” and “without pain” in nine parts of the body. The scores of fruit intake in individuals “with pain” and “without pain” were 2.94 ± 1.27 vs. 3.29 ± 1.16 and 2.81 ± 1.10 vs. 3.49 ± 1.38 in terms of neck and wrists, respectively. The difference between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the participants with pain in the neck consumed significantly lower amounts of cereals and nuts (P = 0.03, 0.04). In the case of the shoulder pain, consuming legumes and nuts in the “without pain” group was higher than the group of participants who had pain (P = 0.01, P = 0.03). Fat intake was higher in the patients who had pain in their hips (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Less pain was reported in the musculoskeletal system by higher consumption of fruits, nuts, and legumes. It seems that plant-based dietary pattern is more effective in musculoskeletal health.

1. Propuesta Para Mitigar Los Factores De Riesgo Musculoesquelético En Los Colaboradores De La Cooperativa Coopfiscalía 2. Problema De Investigación Descripción del problema Formulación del problema 3. Objetivos De La Investigación Objetivo general Objetivos específicos 4. Justificación Y Delimitación Justificación Delimitación 4.1.1. Tiempo Limitaciones 4.1.2. Espacio 4.1.3. Recursos 5. Marco De Referencia De La Investigación 5.1 Estado del arte 5.1.1 Panorama internacional 5.1.2 Panorama nacional 5.2 Marco teórico 5.2.1 Desordenes musculo esqueléticos 5.2.2 Dolor lumbar 5.2.3 Ergonomía definición 5.2.4 Tipos de Ergonomía 5.2.4.1 Ergonomía Física 5.2.4.2 Ergonomía Organizacional 5.2.4.3 Ergonomía Cognitiva 5.2.5 Peligro 5.2.6 Riesgo 5.2.7 Riesgo Biomecánico 5.2.8 Lesiones Osteomusculares 5.2.9 Métodos de evaluación Ergonómica 5.2.9.1 Fuerzas y Biomecánica 5.2.9.2 Repetitividad 5.2.9.3 Carga Postural 5.2.9.4 Manejo de cargas 5.2.9.5 Puesto de oficina 5.2.9.6 Evaluación Global 5.2.10 Morbilidad sentida 5.2.11 Cuestionario Nórdico 5.3 Marco Legal 6. Marco Metodológico 6.1 Tipo y diseño de investigación 6.2 Fases de la investigación 6.2.1. Fase I 6.2.2. Fase II 6.2.3. Fase III 6.2.4. Muestra 6.3 Fuentes De Información 7. Resultados y/o Propuesta De Solución 7.1. Caracterización de las Actividades, implementación del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológico Coopfiscalía 7.2. Análisis de los Resultados del Cuestionario Nórdico 7.3. Evaluación de puestos de trabajo mediante método ROSA 8. Conclusiones 9. Referencias Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

Introducción: Se estima que el dolor lumbar hace parte de los desórdenes musculoesqueléticos que pueden estar relacionados con el trabajo en casa y afectan la productividad en las organizaciones y genera discapacidad. En el mundo y en Colombia, el 7,41% y el 9% respectivamente, del total de días perdidos por incapacidad son producidos por dolor lumbar y el 24,02% y 19,7% respectivamente son de origen ocupacional. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y la asociación que existe entre dolor lumbar y la duración de las jornadas laborales mayores o iguales a 6 horas v.s menores a 6 horas, en docentes de una Universidad Colombiana, en modalidad de trabajo desde casa, durante el periodo 2020 – 2021. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal con enfoque analítico. Participaron 208 docentes a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta que incluyó el cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka estandarizado. Resultados: el rango de edad de mayor proporción fue de 31 a 40 años (38,5%), el 34.8% de los docentes indicaron trabajar entre 8 a 10 horas, la prevalencia de dolor lumbar en los últimos 7 días fue de 42,8% con un IC al 95% de (39,6 – 53,5) y en los últimos 12 meses fue de 74.5% con un IC al 95% de (68.4 – 80.6). Conclusión: Se encontró una prevalencia 42,8% y 74,5%, de dolor lumbar en los docentes universitarios con una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre problemas de espalda baja en los últimos 7 días (p=0.0405) y las jornadas extensas (mayor o iguales de 6 horas) (p=0.6157). Introduction: It is estimated that low back pain is part of the musculoskeletal disorders that may be related with working from home and affect the productivity of organizations and cause disability. In Colombia, and in the world, 9% and 7,41%, respectively, of the total days lost to absenteeism are caused by low back pain and 19,7% and 24,02% respectively, are of occupational origin. Objective: To determine the prevalence and association that exists between low back pain and the duration of working hours equal to or greater than 6 hours vs. less than 6 hours, in professors at a Colombian university, in a work from home modality during the period 2020-2021. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with and analytic approach was done. 208 professors participated, and a survey was applied that included the standardized Kuorinka Nordic questionnaire. Results: the age range with the highest proportion (of low back pain) was from 31 to 40 years (38,5%), 34.8% of the professors indicated working between 8 to 10 hours, the prevalence of low back pain in the last 7 days was 42,8% with a 95% CI of (39,6 – 53,5) and in the last 12 months it was 74.5% with a 95% CI of (68.4-80.6). Conclusion: A 42.8% and 74.5% prevalence of low back pain was found in university professors with a statistically significant association between low back problems in the last 7 days (p = 0.0405) and long working hours (equal to or greater than 6 hours) (p = 0.6157). 2021-12-16 18:05:01: Script de automatizacion de embargos. Hemos realizado la publicación de su documento: Prevalencia de dolor lumbar en docentes de una universidad colombiana que realizan trabajo en casa durante el periodo 2020-2021: estudio de corte transversal, el cual puede consultar en el siguiente enlace: https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/33366 Identificamos que ha marcado como bloqueado y/o restringido en el formulario, pero no realizo la notificación al correo edocur@urosario.edu.co, justificando la medida restrictiva al acceso del texto completo de su obra, frente a lo cual, el documento ha quedado embargado solo dos meses hasta el 16 de febrero de 2022 en concordancia con las Políticas de Acceso Abierto de la Universidad. Si usted desea dejarlo con acceso abierto antes de finalizar dicho periodo o si por el contrario desea extender el embargo al finalizar este tiempo, puede enviar un correo a esta misma dirección realizando la solicitud. Tenga en cuenta que los documentos en acceso abierto propician una mayor visibilidad de su producción académica. De otra parte, si desea publicar su obra en una revista de prestigio, queremos invitarla a tomar una asesoría con nuestros asesores de información del CRAI, quienes podrán brindarle orientación en la identificación de una revista adecuada para su obra y acompañamiento en la edición para publicación. La solicitud de asesoría puede agendarla en el siguiente link: https://n9.cl/agendamiento_servicios_crai 2022-02-17 01:01:01: Script de automatizacion de embargos. info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2022-02-16

BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries and disabilities among health care workers. This study investigates the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and pathologist postures in laboratories.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, 40 pathologists were evaluated. MSDs in different body segments of the participants were evaluated by Nordic questionnaire. For postural analysis, 20 min film was recorded while using a microscope by subjects. Posture analysis was done by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and their repetitive movements were scored. The data was analyzed by SPSS Version 11.5.ResultsThe mean age and duration of employment of subjects was 36.57 ± 7.54 years and 6.50 ± 6.30 years, respectively. Most MSDs were found in neck (65%), wrist (57.5%), upper back (50%) and lower back (47.5%). The mean RULA grand score was higher in participants with upper back and shoulder pain. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mean RULA grand, the upper back pain (P = 0.02) and the wrist pain (P = 0.003), as well as between the mean RULA B, the neck pain (P = 0.02) and the lower back pain (P = 0.05). The results showed a significant relationship between mean weekly working hours and tight (P p = 0.01) and ankle (P = 0.008).ConclusionThis study revealed high prevalence of MSDs among the pathologists. Therefore, performing ergonomic corrective actions is essential in order to improve their physical conditions at work.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in work environments. Performing programs to identify and control the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and to carry out corrective actions to improve working conditions is important because of the impact on the health of the workforce.Methods: In this study, the presence of various shifts in the operating rooms and the training and justification of the employees of this department regarding its study and its objectives, the steps of the work of the operating room staff in various occupations were observed and existing documents and guidelines were reviewed. The main steps, including hierarchical analyzes of businesses, identifying errors in terms of each task and sub task, completing other parts of the work sheet, and determining the probability of human error and providing the prioritized control strategies in the next steps, was carried out. Results: Based on the results of Nordic questionnaire, age, work experience and higher weight were associated with musculoskeletal pain in most of the organs. Also taller was associated with back and waist pain and older age with pain and discomfort in the palms, knees and ankles (p

Introduction: Manual Material Handling tasks can cause fatigue in the short term and increase physical workload and musculoskeletal injuries in the long term. The present study was conducted to determine the amount of forces entered to the lower back in workers with manual material handling tasks.Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 100 workers in food industries in Malard city in 2017. The Nordic questionnaire was used to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders. The 3DSSPP was also applied to determine the amount of forces entered to the lower back of manual material handling tasks workers. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 23)Results: we found that 24percent of workers had discomfort in at least one of their nine musculoskeletal muscles. The results of 3DSSPP showed that 30 and 34 percent of the compressive forces entered into L5/S1 and L4/L5 discs, respectively. In addition, the shearing force loaded on the L5/S1 disc was also found to be higher than the permissible limit eight percent of the participants. No significant relationship was found between the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders and the amount of compressive and shear forces entered to the lower back of workers.Conclusion: Based on NIOSH recommended limits, the amount of compressive and shear forces entered to the lower back in 3DSSPP showed that in 30 percent of manual lifting load tasks, the risk of injury to the lower back was moderate and this risk was low in 70 percent of tasks.

Background: Based on recently conducted research, the reason for more than half of the absences from the work environment and one-third of the work-related compensation claims is attributable to musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders and assess the risk of these disorders among the welders of Khorramabad, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 170 welders employed in Khorramabad, Iran. The welders were selected using the census sampling method. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was evaluated using a Nordic questionnaire. To assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, the QEC method was used. Data analysis was done using the indices of central tendency and t-test. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorders is highest in the back (70%), the knees (54.1%), the trunk (50%). The QEC assessment results showed that, in 83.8% of the cases, the risk of developing such diseases is high and very high. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the studied welders is high. Additionally, the risk of developing these disorders is also high. Based on these results, among the causes of musculoskeletal disorders among welders, uncomfortable working posture, manual lifting and carrying of loads, and the bending and twisting of the spine and back can be mentioned. In addition to these results, this study showed that the QEC method can offer reliable results.

Objective: Low back pain is one of the most important job injuries among emergency medical personnel. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of low back pain as well as its physical, mental and managerial predisposing factors among emergency medical personnel in Iran. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study we recruited 298 pre-hospital emergency medical personnel based on census sampling. Data were gathered using Nordic and a research-made questionnaire related to physical, mental and managerial back pain factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive and analytical tests including chisquare test were used appropriately. P value less than 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: Findings showed that 46.3% of pre- hospital emergency technicians had a history of low back pain with different intensities. We observed a significant relationship between age, work experience, occupational-physical factors with low back pain (P>0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between occupational-managerial factors and mental-occupational factors with low back pain (P>0.05). Conclusion: Results show that the prevalence of back pain among emergency medical personnel is high. Identifying the factors associated with back pain can help the managers as well as the personnel to control the problem of back pain and increase employees’ productivity.

Background: Since students spend a lot of time in classrooms and in steady state, many of them may experience signs of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its related risk factors among students. Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted among 129 students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2016. In order to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, Nordic questionnaire was used. The relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors was evaluated in SPSS20 software. Results: The highest incidence of musculoskeletal discomfort (80%) was observed in the waist area. The neck (38.3%) and shoulder (35%) were the most prevalent at the next levels. Marital status, age, weight, educational level, job, exercise and stress were identified as risk factors affecting the musculoskeletal disorders in the students. Conclusion: It is possible to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders by the necessary trainings to declare the risk factors and their modifications to the students, considering appropriate time between the classes and the use of ergonomic equipment and furniture in the classes. With these actions also can prevent from stress and consequently can increase the concentration and learning power in this group.

Background Musculoskeletal disorders are the group of disorders which affects the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, peripheral nerves and supporting blood vessels in the body. Sewing machine involves continuous, repetitive tasks like cutting, assembly, pressing and finishing. These works are performed in a sitting posture with upper back curved forwards and the head is bent towards the sewing machine. Working in this faulty posture for a long time increases the chance of developing work related musculoskeletal disorder among them. The objective of study is prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among sewing machine workers in leather industry. Methods A non- experimental study with 100 subjects according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using the NORDIC QUESTIONNAIRE musculoskeletal pain have been analysed. Results The statistical analysis of this study show 88% of sewing machine workers had a lower back pain in the last 12 months, 82% sewing machine workers had a lower back and knee pain that has been prevented them over last 12 months during normal activity, 86% sewing machine workers had lower back pain in the last 7 days. Conclusion This study concluded that the 86% experienced low back pain, 84% experienced knee pain and 74% of experienced neck pain in past 7 days. 88% of experienced low back pain, 86% experienced knee pain, 76% experienced neck pain in past 12 months.82% experienced pain in lower back and knee pain and 72% experienced neck pain among sewing machine manual workers that has impacted over last 12 months during normal activity.

Analizar la presencia de factores de riesgo de origen biomecánico en los conductores de la empresa Mavitours Transportes Especiales S.A.S., para determinar si se están generando signos y síntomas en los conductores La labor de conducción exige permanecer largas jornadas en posturas prolongadas y en realizar movimientos repetitivos, por lo que surgió el interés de analizar factores de riesgos de origen biomecánico, determinándolos a través de la aplicación de la matriz de riesgos laborales a través de la metodología GTC 45 para la identificación de peligros y valoración de riesgos; además de identificar los signos y síntomas osteomusculares en los conductores que trabajan en la empresa de transporte de pasajeros, primordialmente escolares, llamada Mavitours Transportes Especiales S.A.S., ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá en la calle 25B # 80C – 12, lo anterior con el fin de plantear medidas que mitiguen el riesgo y disminuya la sintomatología encontrada en los conductores. Para lo anterior, se estableció una muestra de 80 conductores teniendo en cuenta un nivel de confianza del 95% y un margen de error de 5%, demostrando que la población ha presentado molestias mayormente en espalda baja con el 27,5%, seguido por el 22,5 en el cuello y por último el 11,2 en los hombros. The driving task requires staying long hours in prolonged positions and performing repetitive movements, so the interest arose to analyze the risk factors of biomechanical origin, determining them through the application of the occupational risk matrix through the GTC 45 methodology for hazard identification and risk assessment; In addition to identifying the signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal drivers who work in the passenger transport company, primarily school, called “Mavitours Transportes Especiales SAS”, located in the city of Bogotá at 25B # 80C - 12, the above in order of proposing measures that mitigate the risk and reduce the symptoms found in drivers. For the above, a sample of 80 drivers was established taking into account a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error, demonstrating that the population has presented mostly discomfort in the lower back with 27.5%, followed by 22.5 in the neck and finally 11.2 in the shoulders.

68 p, Exposure to musculoskeletal occupational risk factors cause musculoskeletal injuries that cause repercussions on the workers' quality of life, absenteeism, decrease in productivity, and increase in the economic costs of health care, in the present investigation it is intended to identify the risks to which teachers are exposed to suffer musculoskeletal disorders. The main objective of this research work is to describe the risk of suffering from skeletal muscle disorders more frequent in teachers of official educational institutions of Valledupar. For the achievement of the objective, the sociodemographic variables of the population under study will be characterized; later identification of the risk of suffering musculoskeletal disorders will be made through questionnaire Nordico to teachers object of the study. The research is oriented from the quantitative approach with a descriptive and transversal design. The sample was calculated by the probabilistic sampling method, that is, by means of a simple or mechanical random selection of the units of analysis. Based on the universe population, a sample of 127 teachers was statistically calculated. The Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire was applied, a questionnaire of eleven questions where the segments of the body (neck, shoulder, dorsal and lumbar, elbow and forearm and, wrist or hand) are related, standardized for the detection and analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusions: The risk factors that might cause musculoskeletal disorders in the population under study are related to static or dynamic posture and repetitive movements, are those that produce exhaustion during the workday, in addition to psychosocial risk factors such as high mental load. Considering that it may be associated with the imposition of work hours and seniority in the institution, contributing to the progress of these injuries., La exposición a factores de riesgo ocupacionales musculoesqueléticos provocan lesiones músculo esqueléticas que ocasionan en los trabajadores repercusiones en su calidad de vida, ausentismo, disminución de la productividad, y aumento de los costos económicos de los cuidados de salud, en la presente investigación se pretende identificar los riesgos a los que están expuestos los docentes para sufrir trastornos musculoesqueléticos. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo general describir el riesgo de sufrir trastornos músculos esqueléticos más frecuentes en docentes de instituciones educativas oficiales de Valledupar. Para el logro del objetivo se caracterizará las variables sociodemográficas de la población objeto de estudio, posteriormente se realizará identificación de riesgo de sufrir trastornos musculoesqueléticos por medio del cuestionario Nordico a los docentes objeto del estudio. La investigación está orientada desde el enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo y transversal. La muestra se calculó por el método de muestreo probabilístico, es decir, por medio de una selección aleatoria simple o mecánica de las unidades de análisis. Con base en la población universo se calculó estadísticamente una muestra de 127 docentes. Se aplicó el Cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka, un cuestionario de once preguntas donde se relacionan los segmentos del cuerpo (cuello, hombro, dorsal y lumbar, codo y antebrazo y, muñeca o mano) estandarizado para la detección y análisis de síntomas músculo-esqueléticos. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo que podrían llegar a causar los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en la población objeto de estudio se relacionan con postura estática o dinámica y movimientos repetitivos , son las que producen agotamiento durante la jornada laboral, además de factores de riesgo psicosocial como carga mental alta. Considerando que puede estar asociado a la imposición horaria de trabajo y la antigüedad en la institución, contribuyendo al progreso de estas lesiones., Pregrado, Fisioterapeuta, RESUMEN 11 ABSTRACT 12 INTRODUCCIÓN 13 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 15 2. JUSTIFICACIÓN 19 3. OBJETIVOS 21 3.1 Objetivo General 21 3.2 Objetivos Específicos 21 4. MARCO TEÓRICO 22 4.1 ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVESTIGACION 22 4.2 BASES TEÓRICAS 30 4.3 BASES CONCEPTUALES 31 4.3.1 Condiciones de Trabajo 31 4.3.2 Desórdenes Musculoesqueléticos. 33 4.4 BASES LEGALES 42 5. METODOLOGÍA 44 5.1 ENFOQUE DE INVESTIGACIÓN 44 5.2 DISEÑO 44 5.3 POBLACIÓN 44 5.4 MUESTRA 44 5.4.1 Criterios de Inclusión 45 5.4.2 Criterios de Exclusión 45 5.5. PROCEDIMIENTOS 45 5.6 TÉCNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCIÓN DE DATOS 46 5.7 HIPÓTESIS 48 5.8 OPERACIONALIZACIÓN DE LAS VARIABLES 49 5.9 ANÁLISIS DE DATOS 50 5.10 ASPECTOS ÉTICOS 50 6. RESULTADOS 51 7. CONCLUSIONES 58 8. RECOMENDACIONES 59 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 60 ANEXOS 65, Ej. 1

Os Técnicos de Emergência Pré-Hospitalar estão expostos a diversos fatores de risco ocupacionais e a conjunturas de realização da atividade exigentes, sendo frequentemente obrigados a atuar sob condições de pressão temporal e emocional, tornando esta profissão altamente desgastante. Este estudo foca-se na análise do risco de lesão músculo-esquelética na movimentação de vítimas por estes técnicos. A metodologia dividiu-se em duas partes: Um questionário, respondido por 51 técnicos que incluiu fatores sociodemográficos, hábitos e estilos de vida, determinantes da atividade, a versão média portuguesa do COPSOQ II, e uma versão portuguesa adaptada do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomatologia Músculo-Esquelética Auto-Referida; observações sistemáticas de 340 posturas em 20 técnicos e aplicação do método REBA a quatro tarefas (elevação da maca, descida da maca, colocação da cadeira na ambulância e transporte em escadas com cadeira). Os resultados do questionário revelaram que a prevalência de sintomatologia músculoesquelética foi mais elevada na região lombar, dorsal e ombros. Foram identificadas diferenças significativas, em pelo menos um segmento, em 19 das 32 escalas do COPSOQ II. Essas diferenças foram encontradas principalmente nos ombros, cervical e dorsal, revelando uma associação entre os sintomas músculo-esqueléticos e os fatores de risco psicossociais. Nos resultados do REBA, todas as tarefas tiveram um risco médio; a tarefa de transporte em escadas com cadeira-baixo, obteve o resultado mais crítico, com 43.6% das posturas analisadas a apresentar risco elevado. A Ergonomia pode ter um contributo decisivo neste contexto, não só através da prevenção dos riscos ocupacionais, principalmente do foro músculo-esquelético, mas também garantindo maior conforto e satisfação dos TEPH, como contributo para a produtividade. Emergency Medical Technicians are exposed to a large diversity of situations and have constantly to adapt their actions to the circumstances that they face, making this profession highly demanding in several aspects. This cross-sectional study focuses on the analysis of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in patient handling tasks. The study encompassed two phases: The first, based on a questionnaire, answered by 51 professionals, that comprised socio-demographic characteristics, variables related with lifestyle, sleep and activity, the Portuguese medium version of COPSOQ II and the Portuguese adapted version of standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire; and the second, systematic observations of 340 postures, among 20 technicians, with subsequent application of the REBA method to four tasks (lifting the stretcher, descending the stretcher, placement of the chair in the ambulance and transport of the chair on stairs). The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was higher in the lower back, upper back and shoulders. Statistically significant differences were identified in at least one segment, in 19 of the 32 COPSOQ II scales. These differences were found mainly in shoulders, neck and upper back, revealing, in these cases, an association between musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial risk factors. According to the REBA results, all tasks had a medium risk associated; the task of transportation of the chair on stairs, in the low position, obtained the most critical result, with 43.6% of the analyzed postures presenting a high risk. Ergonomics can have a decisive contribution in this context not only through the prevention of occupational risks but also ensuring greater comfort and satisfaction of the EMT’s, without neglecting their productivity.