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Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission to health care personnel (HCP) after exposure to a HCV-positive source has been reported to occur at an average rate of 1.8% (range, 0%-10%). We aimed to determine the seroconversion rate after exposure to HCV-contaminated body fluid in a major U.S. academic medical center. Methods A longitudinal analysis of a prospectively maintained database of reported occupational injuries occurring between 2002 and 2015 at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center was performed. Data collected include type of injury and fluid, injured body part, contamination of sharps, resident physicians' involvement, and patients' hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and HIV status. Results A total of 1,361 cases were included in the study. Most exposures were caused by percutaneous injuries (65.0%), followed by mucocutaneous injuries (33.7%). Most (63.3%) were injuries to the hand, followed by the face and neck (27.6%). Blood exposure accounted for 72.7%, and blood-containing saliva accounted for 3.4%. A total of 6.9% and 3.7% of source patients were coinfected with HIV and HBV, respectively. The HCV seroconversion rate was 0.1% (n = 2) because of blood exposure secondary to percutaneous injuries. Conclusions This study provides the largest and most recent cohort from a major U.S. academic medical center. The seroconversion rates among HCP exposed to HCV-contaminated body fluids was found to be lower than most of the data found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The studies enumerating the risk of HIV transmission to health care workers (HCWs) as 0.3% after percutaneous exposure to HIV-positive blood, and 0.09% after a mucous membrane exposure, are weakened by dated literature. Our study aims to demonstrate the seroconversion rate after exposure to HIV-contaminated body fluids in a major academic center in the United States. Methods A prospectively maintained database of reported occupational injuries occurring between 2002 and 2015 at an academic medical center was analyzed. Data collected included the type of injury, injured body part, type of fluid, contamination of sharps, involvement of resident physicians, use of postexposure prophylaxis, and patients' HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus status. Results A total of 266 cases were included in the study. Most exposures were caused by percutaneous injuries (52.6%), followed by 43.2% mucocutaneous injuries. Of the injuries, 52.6% were to the hand and 33.5% to the face and neck. Blood exposure accounted for 64.3% of all cases. Of the patients, 21.1% received postexposure prophylaxis. None of the HCWs exposed to HIV-contaminated body fluids seroconverted (seroconversion rate, 0%). Conclusions HIV does not seem to be as easily transmitted by needlestick, laceration, or splash injuries as previously surmised. Further large-scale and multicenter studies are needed for a more accurate estimation of the risk of transmission of HIV in U.S. health care workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous manifestations are fairly common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and they can help in early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and hence reduced morbidity from the disease. Aims: The objective of the present study was to find out the different patterns of dermatoses in a group of patients with RA from Eastern India. Methodology: Consecutive patients fulfilling the American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of RA and who had different dermatoses were included in this cross-sectional study done over a period of 8 years in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Thorough clinical examination and appropriate laboratory investigations were performed as needed. Data were recorded in a predesigned schedule, and appropriate statistical analysis was done. Results: We studied 111 evaluable patients with an age range of 19--71 years and a female to male ratio of 7:1. The mean disease duration of RA was 6.5 years. Cutaneous infections as a group was the most common mucocutaneous manifestation (34.2%) followed by xerosis including ichthyotic skin changes (27%), pigmented purpuric dermatoses (14.4%), leg ulcer (9.9%), periungual telangiectasia (9.9%), rheumatoid nodules (RNs) (8.1%), purpura and ecchymoses (7.2%), small vessel vasculitis in (7.2%), corn and callosities (6.3%), palmar erythema (4.5%), and neutrophilic dermatosis (4.5%). Raynaud's phenomenon was found in 3.6% patients and panniculitis in (3.6%) patients. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides antibody were positive in 74.8% and 88.3% patients, respectively. No statistically significant difference of incidence of leg ulcer, small vessel vasculitis, RN, or Raynaud's phenomenon could be noted between RF positive and negative groups. Limitations: Being an institution-based study, the study findings may not reflect the true situation in the community which remained a limitation of this study. Conclusion: While some of the features of this study were analogous to Western data, other features showed discordance which may be due to ethnic variations among the patients with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dasatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia. It has been investigated in treating other neoplasms, including non-small-cell lung cancer and a subset of melanomas. Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by erythematous patches or plaques with scaling typically affecting the external ear, glabella, hair-bearing areas of the face, nasolabial fold, and scalp. Antitumor agents are often associated with mucocutaneous side effects, including seborrheic dermatitis. We describe the case of a 79-year-old woman with a history of sinonasal melanoma who developed a seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption while taking dasatinib. We also review the molecular abnormalities associated with melanoma, summarize the mucocutaneous side effects of dasatinib, and list the other antineoplastic agents associated with a seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BA 27-year-old female patient presented with a non-healing disfiguring upper lip ulcer for 10 months. At the time of presentation 50% of her lip had been eroded. She had had several consultations and had been on several antibiotic courses without improvement. Histopathological evaluation of an incisional biopsy specimen revealed that she had histoplasmosis. This prompted an HIV test, as this disease is common in immunocompromised patients. Once the diagnosis was clinched she was commenced on Itraconazole with complete resolution of the ulcer. Antiretroviral therapy was also initiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Percutaneous injuries and mucocutaneous blood and other body fluids exposure are among the common hospital hazards affecting health care workers (HCWs) worldwide. These exposures pose risks of contracting infections such as Hepatitis B and C and Human Immunodeficiency viruses. This study aimed to determine the incidence and human factors associated with percutaneous injuries and splash exposures among healthcare workers in Kahama District, Tanzania. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Kahama District of north-western Tanzania and involved randomly selected healthcare workers. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data between July and October 2015. Results: A total of 277 HCWs participated in the study. Among them 146 (53%) were nurses, 138 (14%) auxiliary staff 36 (13%), 32 (12%) laboratory personnel and 25 (9%) were doctors. The mean age was 37.4 years. Seventy-one percent of the participants had more than 10 years' of working experience. About 59% of participants reported incidences of percutaneous injuries and mucocutaneous blood and other fluids exposures. About 90% of participants agreed to experience the incidences several times. While 60% disagreed with availability of personal protective gears, non-reporting of the cases was noted by 26% of participants. Majority (81%) disagreed with existence of infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines and protocols. The main human factors associated with the percutaneous injuries and splash exposures included HCWs experience at work (71%), long working hours (29%), type of workplace (48%) and inadequate use of IPC guidelines and protocols (48%). Conclusion: More than half of participants reported incidents of percutaneous injuries and mucocutaneous blood and other body fluids in Kahama District of Tanzania. Adherence to universal precautions, training and reduction of long working hours are necessary in order to reduce infections from percutaneous injuries and exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mucous membrane pemphigoid has been documented previously in only 19 patients under the age of 20 years. We report a 14-year-old female who had erosions of the oral, ocular, anal and genital mucosa, congestion, hoarseness of voice, dysphagia, and recurrent cough. Symblepharon formation in both eyes necessitated surgical correction. Biopsy of tissue from a solitary cutaneous lesion demonstrated a subepidermal bulla. Direct immunofluorescence showed the deposition of IgG in linear pattern along the dermoepidermal junction. Therapy was begun, consisting of prednisolone at 1 mg/kg/day, in combination with dapsone at 2 mg/kg/day. Azathioprine was added later for control of the disease. The patient showed good clinical response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reviewed the records of 151 patients diagnosed with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) from 1993 to 2009 in the municipality of Japura, Paraná, Brazil. Gender, age, occupation, place of residence, location of lesions, type and number of lesions were analyzed. The prevalence rate of ACL was 11.5/10,000 hab, of which 84.7% were male, 58.3% lived in rural area and 49.0% were farmers. The most frequent age group was between 30 to 39 years (26.6%). Skin lesions occurred in 92.7% of the patients with predominance in the lower limbs (23.9%) and 49.1% of the records did not include the number of lesions location due to incomplete filling. A single ulceration was present in 44.4%. Japurá is an endemic area for ACL, requiring public actions and preventive education.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disorder of uncertain etiology. The clinical picture is frequently dominated by prominent cutaneous manifestations that have diagnostic and prognostic significance. The objective of the present study was to find out the demographic profile and the relative frequencies and characteristics of different mucocutaneous features of SSc in a group of patients from eastern India. In addition, we sought to compare the frequency and pattern of the findings in the limited versus the diffuse variety of the disease. Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional, clinical observational study. Consecutive patients of SSc attending the dermatology O.P.D. of a tertiary care hospital of eastern India over 3 years were enrolled to the present study. Results:A total of 46 patients (41 females and 5 males; mean age 29.6±12.3 years) of SSc were evaluated. Among mucocutaneous manifestations Raynaud′s phenomenon was present in 39 (84.8%) patients. Other cutaneous features included dyspigmentation (40, 86.9%), sclerodactyly (38, 82.6%), inability to open the mouth (38,82.6%), mat-like telangiectasia (11,23.1%), fingertip ulceration and scarring (29,63%), cutaneous calcinosis (1,2.2%), digital gangrene in (2,4.3%), generalized pruritus (4,8.7%), cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (2,4.3%), chronic urticaria (2,4.3%), flexion contractures of the fingers (13,28.3%), and amputation of the digits (3,6.5%). Mucosal changes were observed in 10 (21.7%) patients and nail changes were seen in 13 (28.2%) patients. Diffuse cutaneous SSc was noted in 27 (58.7%) patients and limited cutaneous SSc was seen in the remainder. Thirty-six (78.2%) patients tested positive for ANA. Conclusion: The present study provides a snapshot of the spectrum of the demographic and mucocutaneous manifestations of SSc in the eastern Indian population. We have not observed any statistically significant differences between dcSSc and lcSSc in terms of mucocutaneous manifestations in the studied population.

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML) can lead to serious sequela; however, early diagnosis can prevent complications. AIM: To evaluate clinical markers for the early diagnosis of ML. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series study of 21 cases of ML, which were evaluated through clinical interview, nasal endoscopy, biopsy and the Montenegro test. RESULTS: A skin scar and previous diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) were reported in 8(38%) patients, and 13(62%) of them denied having had previous CL and had no scar. Nasal/oral symptom onset until the ML diagnosis varied from 5 months to 20 years, mean value of 6 years. In the Montenegro test, the average size of the papule was 14.5 mm, which did not correlate with disease duration (p=0.87). The nose was the most often involved site and the extension of the injured mucosa did not correlate with disease duration. The parasite was found in 2 (9.52%) biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: ML diagnosis was late. Finding the parasite in the mucosa, cutaneous scar and/or previous diagnosis of CL were not clinical markers for ML. ML diagnosis must be based on the Montenegro test, chronic nasal and/or oral discharge and histological findings ruling out other granulomatous diseases.A leishmaniose cutâneo-mucosa (LM) pode deixar sequelas graves. O diagnóstico precoce evita complicações. OBJETIVO: Avaliar marcadores clínicos para o diagnóstico precoce da LM. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo de série de 21 casos avaliados com diagnóstico confirmado de LM por meio de entrevista, endoscopia nasal, biópsia e teste cutâneo de Montenegro. RESULTADOS: A cicatriz cutânea ou história de leishmaniose cutânea foram observadas em 8 (38%) pacientes e 13(62%) negaram terem tido forma cutânea e não tinham cicatriz. O início dos sintomas nasais/orais até a definição do diagnóstico variou de 5 meses a 20 anos, média de 6 anos. No teste de Montenegro, o tamanho médio da pápula foi de 14,5mm e não se correlacionou com a duração da doença (p=0,87). O comprometimento nasal predominou e a extensão da lesão não se correlacionou com a duração da doença. Parasitas foram encontrados em 2(9,52%) espécimes de lesões biopsiadas. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico da LM foi tardio. O encontro do parasito na mucosa, a cicatriz típica e leishmaniose cutânea prévia não foram marcadores para o diagnóstico de LM. O diagnóstico de LM pode se basear no teste de Montenegro alterado associado a sintomas nasais e/ou orais e exclusão de outras doenças granulomatosas.

Dengue viral infection is a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality and may be associated with a variety of mucocutaneous manifestations that may provide important early clues to the diagnosis of this condition. Cutaneous and mucosal findings like confluent erythema, morbilliform eruptions, and hemorrhagic lesions may figure prominently in the clinical features of dengue. The differential diagnoses include a large number of bacterial and viral exanthems as well as drug rash.

Chikungunya fever (CF) is an arboviral acute febrile illness transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. After a quiescence of more than three decades, CF has recently re-emerged as a major public health problem of global scale. CF is characterized by an acute onset of high fever associated with a severe disabling arthritis often accompanied by prominent mucocutaneous manifestations. The disease is usually self-limiting, but the joint symptoms and some of the cutaneous features may persist after the defervescence. A wide range of mucocutaneous changes has been described to occur in association with CF during the current epidemic. Besides a morbilliform erythema, hyperpigmentation, xerosis, excoriated papules, aphthous-like ulcers, vesiculobullous and lichenoid eruptions, and exacerbation of pre-existing or quiescent dermatoses had been observed frequently. These unusual features may help in the clinical differential diagnosis of acute viral exanthems mimicking CF.

Abstract: Occupational exposure to biological fluids through mucocutaneous contact and related factors was determined through a descriptive study using a sample of 156 medical technicians working in public clinical laboratories in the metropolitan area of Zulia. A survey for data collection was designed which explored exposure and related factors such as compliance with post biological exposure measures. The age average of the bioanalysts was 41.9± 9.7; 87.2% were female. Results evidenced occupational exposure through mucocutaneous accidents, with a prevalence rate of 172.6 accidents for every 100 workers, represented primarily by splashes 44.3% and spray 32.7%, detected at a moderate level involving female workers with age ranges 54-60 and 26-32, 1-8 years on the job, during day shifts. Biological accidentality according to associate factors showed moderate exposure levels for all the biological fluids investigated in small volumes, at the level of the ocular mucosa, in sample processing and waste disposal areas. A medium compliance level was recorded for post-exposure handling, with a statistically significant difference (p>0.01) among the measures investigated. The magnitude and characteristics of exposure to biological fluids poses a problem that could impact personnel health, and it should be addressed institutionally to achieve effective prevention and risk control management. Resumen: Se determinó la exposición laboral accidental a fluidos biológicos por contacto muco-cutáneo y factores asociados, mediante un estudio descriptivo dirigido a una muestra de 156 bioanalistas adscritos a laboratorios clínicos públicos del área metropolitana del estado Zulia. Para la recolección de datos se diseñó un instrumento que explora la exposición y factores vinculados, así como el cumplimiento de medidas post exposición biológica. El promedio de edad de los Bioanalistas fue de 41.9 ± 9.7 años con predominio del sexo femenino 87,2%. Se evidencia exposición por accidentes muco-cutáneos con una tasa de prevalencia de 176,2 accidentes por cada 100 trabajadores, representados principalmente por salpicaduras 44,3% y spray 32,7% detectados en razón de su ocurrencia en un nivel de exposición moderado, en las edades, 54-60 y 26-32 años, en sexo femenino, entre 1-8 años de antigüedad, durante la jornada diurna. La accidentabilidad en relación a los factores asociados, se registra en un nivel de exposición moderado, con todos los fluidos biológicos indagados, en pequeño volumen, a nivel de mucosa ocular, en áreas de procesamiento de muestras y disposición de desechos en el laboratorio. Un nivel de mediano cumplimiento se obtuvo para el manejo post exposición identificándose diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las medidas indagadas (p> 0.01). La magnitud y características de la exposición a fluidos biológicos revisten una problemática que puede impactar en la salud del personal y debe ser abordada institucionalmente para una efectiva gestión de prevención y control de riesgo.

Objectives: Nigeria has the world's highest burden of pediatric HIV. In the face of paucity of monitoring tests in Nigeria, we studied the spectrum of pediatric mucocutaneous manifestations and evaluated their clinical utility as surrogate markers for immunodeficiency and plasma viral load levels.Methods: Cross-sectional study comparing mucocutaneous manifestations in 155 HIV-positive children aged 12 weeks to 14 years with 155 HIV-negative children. Relationships between mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV-infected patients and their immunologic and virologic indices were analyzed.Results: Mucocutaneous lesions were seen in 53.5% of HIV-infected children compared with 18.1% of the controls. Prevalence of lesions increased with worsening levels of immunodeficiency and increasing viral loads (P < .01). Oral candidiasis, angular stomatitis, and fluffy hair were associated with more severe degrees of immunodeficiency.Conclusion: Mucocutaneous disorders are common in HIV-infected children. Oral candidiasis and nutritional dermatoses can be used as surrogates for advanced or severe immunodeficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythema multiforme is considered as an immunologic disease possibly occurring because of predisposition to certain microorganisms, radiotherapy, systemic diseases, malignancy, and food or drug allergy. Here we report a case of herpes-induced recurrent erythema multiforme primarily manifesting in oral mucosa during first two episodes and third episode was characterized by oral lesions followed by skin lesions and the severity was increased with the subsequent episodes, during each incident we have successfully managed the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of chronic bullous type mucocutaneous disease involving oral mucosa was reported from a 56 years old man with never healing oral ulcers and wound on the perianal skin for three years. There were also red and black spots on the limb and back skin and a lesion on nail. Painful oral lesion consisted of mucous erosion, desquamative gingivitis, and sloughing area on palate and tongue. The patient is diabetic. The first perianal skin diagnosis was granulomatous candidasis with differential diagnosis pemphigus vegetates and acuminarum condiloma. However the histopathologic examination did not support these diagnosis. After several histopathologic examinations, the latest perianal skin diagnosis was lichen planus with differential diagnosis granulomatous vasculitis, bowenoid papulosis and pyodema gangrenosum. Other skin diagnosis was erythema multiforme. Oral diagnosis was mucous membrane pemphigoid with differential diagnosis lichen planus, Behçet's syndrome and erythema multiforme. Oral histopathologic examinations showed a sub-epithelial blister, which supported mucous membrane pemphigoid. A lip balm, prednisone 5 mg oral rinse and multivitamins were given but oral improvement started after blood sugar level was controlled. Conclusion: It is not yet known whether skin and oral mucous lesions are from the same disease or not.

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a mucocutaneous disease that is relatively common among adult population. LP can present as skin and oral lesions. This study highlights the prevalence of oral, skin, and oral and skin lesions of LP. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral, skin, and oral and skin lesions of LP from a population of patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiodiagnosis, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of oral, skin, and oral and skin lesions of LP. This is a ongoing prospective study with results of 2 years being reported. LP was diagnosed on the basis of clinical presentation and histopathological analysis of mucosal and skin biopsy done for all patients suspected of having LP. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) software version 14. To test the statistical significance, chi-square test was used. Results: Out of 18,306 patients screened, 8,040 were males and 10,266 females. LP was seen in 118 cases (0.64%). Increased prevalence of LP was observed in middle age adults (40-60 years age group) with lowest age of 12 years and highest age of 65 years. No statistically significant differences were observed between the genders in skin LP group (P=0.12) and in oral and skin LP groups (P=0.06); however, a strong female predilection was seen in oral LP group (P=0.000036). The prevalence of cutaneous LP in oral LP patients was 0.06%. Conclusion: This study showed an increased prevalence of oral LP than skin LP, and oral and skin LP with a female predominance.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease affecting the mucous membrane and skin. Typically, oral lesions appear before skin lesions, and in a majority of the cases only oral lesions are present. The dentist may then be the first to recognize and diagnose this disease. It is unusual for PV to present over the gingiva as a primary site of involvement. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and confirmed by histopathological study. Early diagnosis and management can prevent the uneven life- threatening effects of this potentially chronic mucocutaneous disorder. The case serves to enhance our awareness of the gingiva as a site at which systemic disease can manifest itself.

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP), an autoimmune disorder of unclear pathogenesis affects quality of life of affected individual. Intervention regimens are multiple and still evolving due to its resistance to recover and ability to recur. Platelet rich Plasma (PRP) is a newer, promising treatment modality tested by researchers because of its low cost and negligible adverse effects. Articles were retrieved from search engines of PubMed / Medline, Scopus and Web of Science which fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Cochrane risk of bias tool assessed quality of clinical studies and Joanna Briggs Institute for case reports. A total of 4 articles were included for the systematic review, of which 2 are clinical trials and 2 case reports. All cases were of erosive nature. PRP in case reports were administered when patients did not respond to conventional therapy. PRP demonstrated effective therapeutic benefit in regards to outcome of pain and lesion appearance. PRP can be considered as a potential alternative therapy in treating non-responsive OLP. Further studies are recommended to arrive at a definitive conclusion., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery.)

Key Clinical Message The oral manifestations of EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcers have a worrisome clinical appearance but relatively benign clinical course, responding well to conservative treatment. Elderly patients who develop an unexplained, persistent ulcer of the oral mucosa should have the lesion examined for EBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organ transplant recipients living in endemic regions are at increased risk of Leishmania infections. Visceral leishmaniasis is the most common kind of presentation in the Mediterranean basin. Rarely, Leishmania infantum may cause localized mucosal disease. We present the first case, to our knowledge, of a liver transplant recipient with localized mucosal leishmaniasis. Twenty-two years after transplantation, a painless, very slow growing ulcer appeared on the inner side of the patient's upper lip. A biopsy performed in the community hospital showed non-specific chronic inflammation without neoplastic signs. Because of a high suspicion of malignancy, the patient was transferred to the referral hospital to consider complete excision. The excisional biopsy revealed a granulomatous inflammatory reaction together with intracellular Leishmania amastigotes within macrophages. Leishmaniasis was confirmed by the nested polymerase chain reaction assay. The clinical and laboratory findings did not suggest visceral involvement. The patient received meglumine antimoniate for 21 days without relevant adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mouth is a mirror of health or disease, a sentinel or early warning system. The oral cavity might well be thought as a window to the body because oral manifestations accompany many systemic diseases. In many instances, oral involvement precedes the appearance of other symptoms or lesions at other locations. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disorder of stratified squamous epithelium of uncertain etiology that affects oral and genital mucous membranes, skin, nails, and scalp. LP is estimated to affect 0.5% to 2.0% of the general population. This disease has most often been reported in middle-aged patients with 30-60 years of age and is more common in females than in males. The disease seems to be mediated by an antigen-specific mechanism, activating cytotoxic T cells, and non-specific mechanisms like mast cell degranulation and matrix metalloproteinase activation. A proper understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis of the disease becomes important for providing the right treatment. This article discusses the prevalence, etiology, clinical features, oral manifestations, diagnosis, complications and treatment of oral LP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 74 años procedente del área rural de Caicedonia, Valle del Cauca, con diagnósticos de hipertensión arterial no controlada, insuficiencia renal crónica estadio IV y anemia grave. Tenía antecedentes de leishmaniasis cutánea en los párpados del ojo derecho, el pabellón auricular izquierdo y las extremidades, diagnosticada 15 años atrás en el departamento del Guaviare. Recibió tratamiento incompleto con antimoniales en esa época. Consultó al Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM) por un cuadro progresivo de ocho años de evolución de lesiones mucosas ulceradas en el labio superior, la mucosa nasal y los párpados del ojo derecho (figura 1). Se hizo un diagnóstico histopatológico de leishmaniasis, confirmado mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (figura 2). Debido a las enfermedades concomitantes del paciente, el tratamiento con antimoniales (Glucantime®) estaba contraindicado. Se administró tratamiento supervisado intrahospitalario con miltefosine (Impávido®, cápsulas de 50 mg) a una dosis diaria de 1,8 mg/kg por 28 días, de acuerdo con las guías nacionales. Se realizó control clínico y de laboratorio durante el tratamiento y después de finalizado, sin evidencia de ningún tipo de complicación. El paciente asistió a controles médicos hasta la octava semana después del tratamiento, en los cuales presentó mejoría clínica de las lesiones (figura 3). Se remitió para continuar el manejo complementario por medicina interna, oftalmología y cirugía plástica. La leishmaniasis mucocutánea es una grave complicación evitable de la leishmaniasis cutánea. Este caso muestra fallas en el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos y, en general, en el programa de control de esta enfermedad. Por otra parte, el miltefosine surge como una opción terapéutica a los antimoniales para el tratamiento de pacientes en quienes estén contraindicados o presenten alto riesgo de toxicidad.

Oral lichen planus is a relatively common chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease which continues to challenge the dental professional with its wide spectrum of clinical involvement. This pilot study attempts to evaluate the status of oral lichen planus in a rural population from South Kerala in order to obtain such data as prevalence, distribution according to age, gender, clinical types and site of lesion .A drop in the age group of male population presenting with lichen planus was a significant finding in our study. However, more elaborate epidemiologic studies are required to probe further into this finding.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disease resulting in a wide array of clinical manifestations, primarily affecting the skin and central nervous system. Mucocutaneous features play a very important role in the recognition of this syndrome. Aims: To review the prevalence and patterns of cutaneous manifestations in tuberous sclerosis, in a group of patients from eastern India. Methods: Observational clinical study on twenty-seven consecutive patients of tuberous sclerosis collected during a period of four years. Results: Most were between 10-20 years of age; the male to female ratio was 2:1. Family history was found in two-thirds. The classical triad of tuberous sclerosis was present in only nine (33.3%) patients. Adenoma sebaceum was the most common cutaneous feature (100%), followed by hypomelanotic macules (92.6%), connective tissue nevi (66.6%), and Koenen′s tumors (33.3%). Oral mucosal fibromas were seen in six (22.22%) patients. Fibromatous plaque over forehead and scalp was seen in three patients. Limitation of the study was small size of study sample. Conclusion: Prominent mucocutaneous changes are extremely common manifestation of TSC, which may provide crucial diagnostic clues for primary care physicians.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by vasculitis affecting blood vessels of any caliber or type. It can present with a wide spectrum of vasculitic lesions, including erythema nodosum-like lesions and retinal vasculitis, and may also lead to larger vessel diseases, such as aortic aneurysm and deep vein thrombosis. The full etiology of BD remains unclear, but it is considered a polygenetic disease with multiple genetic risk factors that promote immune dysregulation and thrombophilia. Inflammation can be triggered by environmental factors, such as bacteria or viruses, and the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets. Neutrophils and lymphocytes are the primary players involved in BD pathogenesis, with specific innate (i.e., neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species and neutrophil extracellular traps) and adaptive (i.e., anti-endothelial cell antibodies) processes inducing endothelial cell activation and chemotaxis of inflammatory cells, leading to coagulation and vasculitis. These inflammation-induced vasculitic or vasculopathic features are observed in most mucocutaneous BD lesions, although vasculitis per se is often pathologically evident only during a brief period of the disease process. Due to the multifactorial nature of BD-associated inflammation, broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory medications, including glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs, have been the mainstay for managing BD. In addition, inhibitors of interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-17, which target innate and adaptive immune functions dysregulated in BD, have emerged as promising new therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the muco-cutaneous manifestations of BD by focusing on the underlying vasculitic components in their pathologies, as well as the current array of treatment options., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Kim, Nakamura, Kaneko, Alpsoy and Bang.)

Purpose: Coronin-1A deficiency is a recently recognized autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in CORO1A (OMIM 605000) that results in T-cell lymphopenia and is classified as TBNKsevere combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Only two other CORO1A-kindred are known to date, thus the defining characteristics are not well delineated. We identified a unique CORO1A-kindred. Methods: We captured a 10-year analysis of the immune-clinical phenotypes in two affected siblings from disease debut of age 7 years. Target-specific genetic studies were pursued but unrevealing. Telomere lengths were also assessed. Whole exome sequencing (WES) uncovered the molecular diagnosis and Western blot validated findings. Results: We found the compound heterozygous CORO1A variants: c.248_249delCT (p.P83RfsX10) and a novel mutation c.1077delC (p.Q360RfsX44) (NM_007074.3) in two affected non-consanguineous siblings that manifested as absent CD4CD45RA (naïve) T and memory B cells, low NK cells and abnormally increased double-negative (DN) ϒδ T-cells. Distinguishing characteristics were late clinical debut with an unusual mucocutaneous syndrome of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-human papilloma virus (EV-HPV), molluscum contagiosum and oral-cutaneous herpetic ulcers; the older female sibling also had a disfiguring granulomatous tuberculoid leprosy. Both had bilateral bronchiectasis and the female died of EBV+ lymphomas at age 16 years. The younger surviving male, without malignancy, had reproducibly very short telomere lengths, not before appreciated in CORO1A mutations. Conclusion: We reveal the third CORO1A-mutated kindred, with the immune phenotype of abnormal naïve CD4 and DN T-cells and newfound characteristics of a late/hypomorphic-like SCID of an EV-HPV mucocutaneous syndrome with also B and NK defects and shortened telomeres. Our findings contribute to the elucidation of the CORO1A-SCID-CID spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral soft tissues are affected by numerous pathologic conditions of variable etiology and hence their appropriate management relies on their accurate diagnosis. Clinical identification of intact vesicle and bulla in the oral cavity is really a challenge due to the regular irritation and the friable nature of oral mucosa. Rupture of these lesions leads to erosions or ulcerations on the surface, hence making the diagnosis of vesiculobullous (VB) lesions is even more difficult due to the fact that the differential diagnosis along with VB lesions will also include ulcerative, immunological-mediated diseases, and neoplasms and systemic diseases. Hence, knowledge of the clinical presentation of these disorders and the relevant diagnostic procedures is important not just for dermatologists, but also for general practitioners and dentists. In this article, the various procedures have been explained that can be used for the diagnostic purpose of VB lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous lesion caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It frequently involves nasopharynx and ocular region. Presenting as cutaneous and subcutaneous mass is extremely rare. This report describes the FNA cytology of rhinosporidiosis occurring as a soft tissue mass in the right mid thigh region. We present a rare case of a 71-year-old male, who presented with multiple subcutaneous soft tissue mass lesions in the posteromedial aspect of mid right thigh region since 2 weeks. Local examination revealed multiple firm to hard mass with skin over the swelling was unremarkable. CT of the right thigh showed a heterogeneous lesion with infiltrative margins in the thigh. Clinically soft tissue sarcoma was considered. Diagnostic FNAC was performed showing numerous mature and immature sporangias with giant cell reaction. Hence, an excision biopsy confirmed the rhinosporidiosis. To conclude, the FNAC diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis is specific. Preoperative diagnosis is possible even in cases with unusual clinical presentations.