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Novel charge distribution regulation strategy for Mo 2 C, the relationships of Interface-Structure-Property in heterostructures were clarified, facilitating efficient adsorption-catalysis of Li 2 S x (1≤x≤4) [Display omitted] • A novel electronic distribution regulation strategy (Mo-Mo 2 C heterostructure) for molybdenum carbide was developed. • The relationship of the heterointerfaces-structure–property in Mo-Mo 2 C has been clarified. • The modulation of the intrinsic electronic distribution of Mo 2 C results higher adsorption energy for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and stronger Mo-S bonding strength. • The sulfur cathode with C@Mo-Mo 2 C an excellent high-rate cyclic performance accompanied by capacity decay rate of 0.08 % per cycle after 400 cycles at 2 C. Heterostructure engineering is considered a crucial strategy to modulate the intrinsic charge transfer behavior of materials, enhance catalytic activity, and optimize sulfur electrochemical processes. However, parsing the role of heterogeneous interface-structure–property relationships in heterostructures is still a key scientific issue to realize the efficient catalytic conversion of polysulfides. Based on this, molybdenum carbide (Mo 2 C) was successfully partial reduced to molybdenum metal (Mo) via a thermal reduction at high-temperature and the typical Mo-Mo 2 C-based Mott-Schottky heterostructures were simultaneously constructed, which realized the modulation of the electronic structure of Mo 2 C and optimized the conversion process of lithium polysulfides (LPS). Compared with single molybdenum carbide, the modulated molybdenum carbide acts as an electron donor with stronger Mo-S bonding strength as well as higher polysulfide adsorption energy, faster Li 2 S conversion kinetics, and greatly facilitates the adsorption → catalysis process of LPS. As a result, yolk-shell Mo-Mo 2 C heterostructure (C@Mo-Mo 2 C) exhibits excellent cycling performance as a sulfur host, with a discharge specific capacity of 488.41 mAh g−1 for C@Mo-Mo 2 C/S at 4 C and present an excellent high-rate cyclic performance accompanied by capacity decay rate of 0.08 % per cycle after 400 cycles at 2 C. Heterostructure-acting Mo 2 C electron distribution modulation engineering may contributes to the understanding of the structure-interface-property interaction law in heterostructures and further enables the efficient modulation of the chemical behavior of sulfur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis is framed to take care of the high heat transfer demand from various application prospects and in this context nanofluid may be in consideration because nanofluids are well-known liquids with higher heat transfer capabilities. Here, a mixed convection flow of Molybdenum disulfide-water (MoS2-H2O) nanofluid on a moving vertical plate is examined when there are chemical reactions. Nanofluid problem is investigated using Tiwari and Das model, and numerically solved by "bvp4c" method. For the considered effects in the study, overshoots in temperature profile of nanofluid are observed. Momentum and thermal layer thicknesses become thinner with suction and thicker with blowing. Temperature overshoot is higher for blowing cases. Enhanced homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions lead to rise of the concentration boundary layer's thickness. Also, magnitude of surface-drag force decays and cooling rate enhances with MoS2-H2O nanofluid mixed convection. For weaker suction and for blowing, cooling of nanofluid is faster with larger volume fraction of nanoparticles, but contrast results are obtained for greater suction. Importantly, compared to the homogeneous reaction, the heterogeneous reaction exhibits more impactful influences on flow and heat-mass transport characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene Ti3C2T x (30% HF-etched, named Ti3C2T x -30) plays a pivotal role in the substantial enhancement of the structural modification of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). Additionally, as the surface MoO3 molecules come into contact with reducing gas moieties, they actively participate in gas sensing at room temperature. The percentage of Ti3C2T x -30 in the MoO3 matrix was varied at 10%, 20%, and 40%, denoted as MM-10, MM-20, and MM-40, respectively. Structural analysis confirmed the composition of the basic elements and evolution of TiO2 at a higher percentage of Ti3C2T x -30. Spectroscopy analysis showed the interactions between Ti3C2T x -30 and MoO3, showcasing work functions of 6.91 eV, 6.75 eV, and 7.21 eV for MM-10, MM-20, and MM-40, respectively, confirming MM-20 to be an optimum composition. When the samples were exposed to ammonia gas, MM-20 showed a high response (93% for 100 ppm) at room temperature, with a response time of ∼10 s. Compared to bare MoO3, these samples showed ten-fold improvement. The excess electrons on the surface of Ti3C2T x -30 facilitate the formation of O2− species, which also provides stability to the otherwise highly reactive MXene surface. These species actively react with ammonia molecules in the presence of adsorbed MoO3, thereby changing the resistance of the system. This can be a significant step towards imparting high gas sensitivity to metal oxides at room temperature via incorporation of an optimum percentage of optimized Ti3C2T x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive attention in the field of catalysis due to their excellent catalytic ability and enhanced atomic utilization, but the multi-mode single-atom nanozymes for biosensors remain a challenging issue. In this work, iron-doped carbon dots (Fe CDs) were loaded onto the edges and pores of Mo SACs with nanoflower morphology; accordingly, a composite material Fe CDs/Mo SACs was prepared successfully, which improves the catalytic performance and develops a fluorescence mode without changing the original morphology. The steady-state kinetic data indicates that the material prepared have better affinity for substrates and faster reaction rates under optimized conditions. The specific kinetic parameters K m and V max were calculated as 0.39 mM and 7.502×10−7 M·s−1 respectively. The excellent peroxidase-like activity of Fe CDs/Mo SACs allows H 2 O 2 to decompose into •OH, which in turn oxidizes colorless o -phenylenediamine (OPD) to yellow 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP). At the same time, the fluorescence signal of Fe CDs/Mo SACs quenches obviously by DAP at 460 nm through internal filtration effect (IFE), while the characteristic fluorescence response of DAP gradually increases at 590 nm. Based on this sensing mechanism, a sensitive and accurate dual-mode (colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent) sensor was constructed to detect H 2 O 2 and uric acid, and the rate of recovery and linearity were acceptable for the detection of UA in human serum and urine samples. This method provides a new strategy for rapid and sensitive detection of UA, and also broadens the development of SACs in the field of biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesized Ru-MoNi/MoO 2 possesses superior bifunctional activities for HER and HzOR, requiring only −13 mV and −34.5 mV in 1 M KOH and 1 M KOH + 0.5 M N 2 H 4 , respectively, for achieving 10 mA cm−2. With Ru-MoNi/MoO 2 in a dual-electrode cell, only 0.57 V is needed to achieve 50 mA cm−2 with good stability, facilitating hydrazine-assisted OWS. [Display omitted] Improving the efficiency of overall water splitting (OWS) is crucial due to the slow four-electron transfer process in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The coupling of the thermodynamically favorable hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) significantly boosts hydrogen production. A Ru-decorated MoNi/MoO 2 micropillar (Ru-MoNi/MoO 2) has been synthesized using a hydrothermal followed by reduction annealing. Benefiting from Ru moderating the active interface of Mo-based alloys/oxides and the unique one-dimensional micropillar morphology. The synthesized Ru-MoNi/MoO 2 exhibits outstanding bifunctional activity for HER and HzOR, achieving 10 mA cm−2 at merely −13 mV and −34 mV in 1 M KOH and 1 M KOH + 0.5 M N 2 H 4 , respectively. Notably, with Ru-MoNi/MoO 2 in a dual-electrode setup, only 0.57 V is needed to achieve 50 mA cm−2, demonstrating good stability and facilitating hydrazine-assisted water splitting (OHzS). This work offers insights into the modulation of alloy/metal oxide active interfaces, contributing to the development of efficient bifunctional catalysts for HER and HzOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The combined toxicity of Mo and Cd was evaluated in duck ovaries. • Mo and/or Cd led to trace element imbalance and ovarian injury. • Mo and/or Cd disturbed Th1/Th2 balance and polarized towards Th1. • Mo and/or Cd could activate ER stress-mediated necroptosis. • Mo and Cd could aggravate ovarian toxic damage. Cadmium (Cd) and excess molybdenum (Mo) pose serious threats to animal health. Our previous study has determined that Cd and/or Mo exposure can cause ovarian damage of ducks, while the specific mechanism is still obscure. To further investigate the toxic mechanism of Cd and Mo co-exposure in the ovary, forty 8-day-old female ducks were randomly allocated into four groups for 16 weeks, and the doses of Cd and Mo in basic diet per kg were as follows: control group, Mo group (100 mg Mo), Cd group (4 mg Cd), and Mo + Cd group (100 mg Mo + 4 mg Cd). Cadmium sulfate 8/3-hydrate (CdSO 4 ·8/3H 2 O) and hexaammonium molybdate ((NH 4) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 O) were the origins of Cd and Mo, respectively. At the 16th week of the experiment, all ovary tissues were collected for the detection of related indexes. The data indicated that Mo and/or Cd induced trace element disorders and Th1/Th2 balance to divert toward Th1 in the ovary, which activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and then provoked necroptosis through triggering RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway, and eventually caused ovarian pathological injuries and necroptosis characteristics. The alterations of above indicators were most apparent in the joint group. Above all, this research illustrates that Mo and/or Cd exposure can initiate necroptosis through Th1/Th2 imbalance-modulated ER stress in duck ovaries, and Mo and Cd combined exposure aggravates ovarian injuries. This research explores the molecular mechanism of necroptosis caused by Mo and/or Cd, which reveals that ER stress attenuation may be a therapeutic target to alleviate necroptosis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered oxide cathode materials have good structural stability and high capacity, making them ideal cathode materials of Na-ion batteries (SIBs). Nonetheless, the irreversible phase transitions and metal dissolution often result in poor cycling stability. Here, a simple strategy was developed to Na 2 MoO 4 and MoO 3 coated Na 0.67 Fe 0.15 Cu 0.1 Mn 0.65 Ni 0.1 O 2 (NFCMN-M) as cathode material of SIBs with ultrahigh cycling stability caused by the enhanced kinetic. The formed Na 2 MoO 4 layer on the surface of Na 0.67 Fe 0.15 Cu 0.1 Mn 0.65 Ni 0.1 O 2 (NFCMN) particles supplies a good conductive connection, and inhibits side effects between cathode material and electrolyte. Thanks to the unique component, the as-prepared NFCMN-M shows a good rate performance with a reversible discharge capacity of 132.4, 112.6, 102.3, 87.1 and 79.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5C, respectively. The NFCMN-M also delivers an initial capacity of 73.7 mAh g−1 at 10C and an ultrahigh cycling stability with a capacity retention rate of about 80 % after 1000 cycles. The result confirms that the Na 2 MoO 4 modification is a direct and effective strategy to improve the capacity and enhance cycling stability of NFCMN at high charge-discharge rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) has garnered significant attention because it is featured by the conversion of the two most representative greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2 into syngas composed of H2 and CO as target products. In our previous studies, we demonstrated the high catalytic activity and stability in DRM for the nickel silicate BEA-type zeolite (Ni-BEA) catalyst synthesized by interzeolite transformation. Here, the molybdenum modified Mo/Ni-BEA was prepared by deposition precipitation method on Ni-BEA, and its DRM activity was evaluated. Compared to the bare Ni-BEA, the modified Mo/Ni-BEA showed the more enhanced activity and stability with low carbon deposition, e.g., 9% lower coke content after 12 h on stream under harsh DRM reaction conditions, because of the promoter effect of molybdenum. Furthermore, Mo/Ni-BEA exhibited the stronger stability, i.e., both the deactivation rates for CH4 and CO2 were less than half compared to those of Ni-BEA, in a long-term DRM test for 55 h. To investigate the role of molybdenum as a promoter, the catalysts before and after reactions were analyzed through various characterization methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal stone formation inside the kidney is one of the major causes of renal failure all over the world. To create preventative measures, it is crucial to examine renal stone's composition and identify the minerals that are responsible for their pathogenesis. Various concerns regarding the pathophysiology of renal stones remain unresolved and have been put forward. However, till date, the complete information is still unclear. In recent years, spectroscopic studies have gained much attention in identifying the chemical compositions that lead to the formation and growth of renal stones. This work employed wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study renal stones. WDXRF results of renal stone samples give the presence of numerous heavy and trace elements. Different elemental constituents like zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), chromium (Cr), zirconium (Zr), palladium (Pd), bromine (Br), ruthenium (Ru), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were detected and quantified in the renal stones. Vibrational spectroscopic studies were carried out to know the chemical compositions of renal stones such as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), uric acid (UA), and carbonate apatite (CA). Quantitative results of WDXRF have been compared with the results from atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) of these stone samples. The available clinical details of the patients were correlated with the spectroscopic results obtained using WDXRF and FTIR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate profoundly the protection of oil painting from deterioration using molybdenum trisulphide quantum dots (MoS3 QDs) against microbe, dirt accumulation and ultraviolet (UV) degradation. Design/methodology/approach: The protection of painting against different deterioration factors necessitates the sustainable methods and advanced techniques. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used to investigate the morphological structure of the painting and MoS3 QDs, respectively, and optical microscopy was used to examine antibacterial activity of MoS3 QDs towards different types of bacteria. To investigate the protection of painting against deterioration, the Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate the paintings left in open air for a year. Chemical composition and crystal structure of MoS3 QDs have been studied using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, respectively. Findings: The addition of MoS3 nanoparticles into painted coatings enhances the durability of linseed oil-based paintings toward UV ageing regarding the change in colour which confirmed by FTIR analysis. The protection of oil painting opposed to various deterioration factors was developed by involving of MoS3 QDs in the coating of the painting. Antibacterial effect of MoS3 QDs was tested against different types of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa confirming that the MoS3 QDs involved in the coatings of oil paintings produces a high protection layer for the paintings against several microbial attacks. In addition, coatings containing MoS3 QDs reduce the accumulation of dirt on oil paintings when subjected to open air for a year. Originality/value: The novel MoS3 QDs was used to form a protective and transparent coating layer for the oil painting to overcome the deterioration, displays the promising protection and can be applied for different oil paintings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mo, W doped Co 2 P/NF electrodes were designed for HER and GOR. • High catalytic efficiencies for HER, GOR were fulfilled. • The surface evolved CoO 2 was the genuine catalytic species for GOR. • H 2 and formate were coproduced by energy-saving glycerol electrolysis. H 2 and formate are important energy carriers in fuel-cells and feedstocks in chemical industry. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) coupling with electro-oxidative cleavage of thermodynamically favorable polyols is a promising way to coproduce H 2 and formate via electrochemical means, highly active catalysts for HER and electrooxidative cleavage of polycols are the key to achieve such a goal. Herein, molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) doped cobalt phosphides (Co 2 P) deposited onto nickel foam (NF) substrate, denoted as Mo-Co 2 P/NF and W-Co 2 P/NF, respectively, were investigated as catalytic electrodes for HER and electrochemical glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) to yield H 2 and formate. The W-Co 2 P/NF electrode exhibited low overpotential (η) of 113 mV to attain a current density (J) of −100 mA cm−2 for HER, while the Mo-Co 2 P/NF electrode demonstrated high GOR efficiency for selective production of formate. In situ Raman and infrared spectroscopic characterizations revealed that the evolved CoO 2 from Co 2 P is the genuine catalytic sites for GOR. The asymmetric electrolyzer based on W-Co 2 P/NF cathode and Mo-Co 2 P/NF anode delivered a J = 100 mA cm−2 at 1.8 V voltage for glycerol electrolysis, which led to 18.2 % reduced electricity consumption relative to water electrolysis. This work highlights the potential of heteroelement doped phosphide in catalytic performances for HER and GOR, and opens up new avenue to coproduce more widespread commodity chemicals via gentle and sustainable electrocatalytic means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the corrosion behavior of cold-rolled Fe35Ni20Cr12Mn(28-x)Alx high-entropy alloys (HEAs) using the potentiodynamic polarization technique in 1 M H2SO4 acid. Additionally, the influence of molybdenum (Mo) additions as inhibitors and the effect of variations in cold rolling reduction ratios and Al content on corrosion behavior are examined. Design/methodology/approach: Two cold rolling reduction ratios, namely, 50% (R50) and 90% (R90), were examined for the cold-rolled Fe35Ni20Cr12Mn28Al5 (Al5) and Fe35Ni20Cr12Mn23Al10 (Al10) HEAs. Mo inhibitor additions were introduced at varying concentrations of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 Wt.%. The potentiodynamic polarization technique was used to evaluate the corrosion rates (CRs) under different experimental conditions. Findings: The results indicate that the addition of 0.3 Wt.% Mo in 1 M H2SO4 yielded the lowest CR for both R50 and R90, irrespective of the Al content in the HEAs. However, the highest CR was observed at 0.6 Wt.% Mo addition. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of Al resulted in a corresponding rise in the CR. Comparatively, the CR decreased significantly when the cold rolling reduction ratio increased from R50 to R90. Originality/value: This research provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship between Mo inhibitors, cold rolling reduction ratio, Al content and the resulting corrosion behavior of Fe35Ni20Cr12Mn(28-x)Alx HEAs. The comprehensive analysis of corroded HEAs, including surface morphology, compositions and elemental distribution mapping, contributes to the understanding of the corrosion mechanisms and offers potential strategies for enhancing the corrosion behavior of HEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spin-pumping behavior in the as-deposited and post-deposition annealed (at 400 °C) Co60Fe20B20/Molybdenum (CoFeB/Mo) heterostructures is investigated. It is found that while in both the as-deposited and annealed CoFeB/Mo heterostructures, Mo crystallizes in the form of mixed phases, i.e., body centered cubic (bcc) and face centered cubic (fcc), the dominance, however, changes from fcc to bcc on annealing. The ferromagnetic resonance measurements reveal that despite relatively low spin orbit coupling of Mo, the spin-pumping efficiency and magnetic properties in both the as-deposited as well as in the annealed heterostructures was comparable with those reported in similar CoFeB based heterostructures comprising of other nonmagnetic metals such as W and Ta. The spin efficiency parameters are, however, slightly better when the Mo film is predominantly in the fcc phase as compared to the case when the Mo film dominantly comprises of the bcc phase. The different spin-pumping efficiencies in the two different combinations of phases of Mo are attributed to the different band structures and the density of states in different phases of Mo, as confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The slight changes observed in the spin-pumping response are possibly attributed to the structural manifestations that result at the interface that the two phases of Mo share with CoFeB. Importantly, despite the weak spin–orbit interaction, the 4d transition metal Mo could be a suitable choice of non-magnetic material for spin pumping when the thermal stability of different layers in the CoFeB based spintronic devices is of paramount concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultrathin heterogeneous nanostructure consisting of periodic orthorhombic-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3), graphene nanoribbons, and a dielectric spacer layer has been proposed. Coupling between a hyperbolic phonon polariton from α-MoO3 and a surface plasmon polariton from graphene leads to the presence of reciprocal polariton-induced transparency (RPoIT). The near-field coupling is further evaluated by combining the current distribution values of the multipole decomposition. The RPoIT can be controlled by changing the structural parameters and tuning the chemical potential of graphene. Effects of the incidence angle and polarization angle have been investigated thoroughly from the finite-difference time-domain calculations. The potential applications in the refractive index sensor and mid-infrared (MIR) absorbers have also been investigated. This research provides a clear understanding and practical guidance for the realization of tunable RPoIT, which is desirable from the development of nano-devices and multifunctional hybrid polarization devices in the MIR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a simple approach to locally modify the conductance of molybdenum oxide thin films with thermal annealing in oxygen atmosphere at relatively low temperature for constructing a visible-blind ultraviolet photoconductor. The amorphous MoO x is grown by remote plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (RPALD), and then crystallized into α -MoO x at 500 °C in argon atmosphere, which exhibits good conductance with resistivity of 3.9 × 10−3 Ω cm due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. Good ohmic contact between Ti and the crystallized MoO x is demonstrated with specific contact resistance of 9.74 × 10−4 Ω cm2. The lateral Au/Ti-MoO x -Ti/Au structures are defined and the conductance of the exposed MoO x channel is significantly modified by thermal annealing in oxygen atmosphere to form a photodetector, which shows obvious photoresponse at the wavelength of less than 372 nm with low dark current of 0.9 pA at 5 V, and the remarkable responsivity of 0.75 mA W−1 at 280 nm is achieved with a high ultravoilet/visible rejection ratio. The low dark current and incredible responsivity can be attributed to the good ohmic contacts of untreated MoO x and the reduction of number of oxygen vacancies in the MoO x channel. The key role of oxygen vacancy on the conductance of MoO x has been demonstrated. Those results suggest that the MoO x thin films are promising candidate for visible-blind ultraviolet photodetectors in a simple complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large birefringence is a crucial but hard‐to‐achieve optical parameter that is a necessity for birefringent crystals in practical applications involving modulation of the polarization of light in modern opto‐electronic areas. Herein, an oxyanion polymerization strategy that involves the combination of two different types of second‐order Jahn–Teller distorted units is employed to realize giant anisotropy in a covalent molybdenum tellurite. Mo(H2O)Te2O7 (MTO) exhibits a record birefringence value for an inorganic UV‐transparent oxide crystalline material of 0.528 @ 546 nm, which is also significantly larger than those of all commercial birefringent crystals. MTO has a UV absorption edge of 366 nm and displays a strong powder second‐harmonic generation response of 5.4 times that of KH2PO4. The dominant roles of the condensed polytellurite oxyanions [Te8O20]8− in combination with the [MoO6]6− polyhedra in achieving the giant birefringence in MTO are clarified by structural analysis and first‐principles calculations. The results suggest that polymerization of polarizability‐anisotropic oxyanions may unlock the promise of birefringent crystals with exceptional birefringence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen-doped molybdenum trioxide (MoO3/NC) has drawbacks such as volume expansion during long-term charging and discharging cycles, which severely limit its further application. This work proposes the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) for performance improvement of MoO3/NC. TiO2 NPs embedded on the surface of a MoO3/NC nanosheet can alleviate its volume expansion and the accumulation of lithiated products and improve the conductivity of the electrode material. The results show that the MoO3/NC nanosheet decorated with TiO2 NPs (TiO2@MoO3/NC), when used as an electrode material, exhibited a discharge specific capacity of 419 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1 and retained a discharge specific capacity of 517 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the fabrication of a MoS2−xSex thin film from a co-sputtering process using MoS2 and MoSe2 commercial targets with 99.9% purity. The sputtering of the MoS2 and MoSe2 was carried out using a straight and low-cost magnetron radio frequency sputtering recipe to achieve a MoS2−xSex phase with x = 1 and sharp interface formation as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy. The sulfur and selenium atoms prefer to distribute randomly at the octahedral geometry of molybdenum inside the MoS2−xSex thin film, indicated by a blue shift in the A1g and E1g vibrational modes at 355 cm−1 and 255 cm−1, respectively. This work is complemented by computing the thermodynamic stability of a MoS2−xSex phase whereby density functional theory up to a maximum selenium concentration of 33.33 at.% in both a Janus-like and random distribution. Although the Janus-like and the random structures are in the same metastable state, the Janus-like structure is hindered by an energy barrier below selenium concentrations of 8 at.%. This research highlights the potential of transition metal dichalcogenides in mixed phases and the need for further exploration employing low-energy, large-scale methods to improve the materials' fabrication and target latent applications of such structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the persistent downscaling of integrated circuits, molybdenum (Mo) is currently considered a potential replacement for copper (Cu) as a material for metal interconnects. However, fabricating metal nanostructures with critical dimensions of the order of 10 nm and below is challenging. This is because the very high density of grain boundaries (GBs) results in highly non‐uniform surface profiles during direct wet etching. Moreover, wet etching of Mo with conventional aqueous solutions is problematic, as products of Mo oxidation have different solubility in water, which leads to increased surface roughness. Here, a process is shown for achieving a stable and uniform soluble surface layer of Mo oxide by wet oxidation with H2O2 dissolved in IPA at −20 °C. The oxide layer is then selectively dissolved, and by repeating the oxidation and dissolution multiple times, a uniform etch profile is demonstrated with a fine control over the metal recess. Ultimately, this presents a method of precise and uniform wet etching for Mo and other metals needed to fabricate complex nanostructures that are critical in developing next‐generation electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the essential role of nano-fertilizers in crop production, studies have yet to be conducted to evaluate nano-molybdenum (Mo) application on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The present study assessed the efficacy of nano-Mo on the Mo-uptake, plant growth, and winter wheat yield. Wheat was grown in the pot experiment using four experimental groups (deionized water: C, nano potassium molybdate: NMoK, potassium molybdate: MoK, and ammonium molybdate: MoA), each with six replicate samples applied-foliar three times in a 30-day interval. The results revealed that NMoK improved Mo accumulation in grains, stomatal conductance, root dry weight, yield, and the number of spikes per pot of wheat compared with MoK. Additionally, NMoK treatment significantly increased wheat grain yield by 46.29%, 13.94%, and 17.70% compared with C, MoK, and MoA treatments, respectively. These results demonstrated that the nano-Mo application may enhance Mo-inefficient wheat growth, thus, increasing its productivity under acidic soil conditions. The principal component analysis (PCA) elucidates that all variables reside within the positively correlated variable domain. This encompasses parameters related to yield, photosynthetic machinery, and Mo uptake by various plant organs. Through cluster analysis, the nano-Mo group exhibited a more pronounced influence on the variables than the without-Mo and non-nano-Mo groups. Based on our findings, nano-Mo could be a suitable alternative to non-nano molybdenum fertilizers. This recommendation is particularly relevant for enhancing the growth of winter wheat crops cultivated in acidic soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of two-dimensional material MXene and one-dimensional metal oxide semiconductor can improve the carrier transmission rate, which can effectively improve sensing performance. We prepared a trimethylamine gas sensor based on MoO3 nanofibers and layered Ti3C2Tx MXene. Using electrospinning and chemical etching methods, one-dimensional MoO3 nanofibers and two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets were prepared, respectively, and the composites were characterized via XPS, SEM, and TEM. The Ti3C2Tx MXene–MoO3 composite material exhibits excellent room-temperature response characteristics to trimethylamine gas, showing high response (up to four for 2 ppm trimethylamine gas) and rapid response–recovery time (10 s/7 s). Further, we have studied the possible sensitivity mechanism of the sensor. The Ti3C2Tx MXene–MoO3 composite material has a larger specific surface area and more abundant active sites, combined with p–n heterojunction, which effectively improves the sensitivity of the sensor. Because of its low detection limit and high stability, it has the potential to be applied in the detection system of trimethylamine as a biomarker in exhaled air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic evolution of Mo and Se during hydrogen evolution and their effects on the catalytic performance of HER were revealed by using interface engineering to construct MoSe 2 @CoSe 2 heterostructure. [Display omitted] Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) are recognized as highly efficient electrocatalysts and have wide applications in the field of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, but the real catalytic substances and catalytic processes of these catalysts are not clear. The species evolution of Mo and Se during alkaline hydrogen evolution was investigated by constructing MoSe 2 @CoSe 2 heterostructure. The real-time evolution of Mo and Se in MoSe 2 @CoSe 2 was monitored using in situ Raman spectroscopy to determine the origin of the activity. Mo and Se in MoSe 2 @CoSe 2 were dissolved in the form of MoO 4 2- and SeO 3 2-, respectively, and subsequently re-adsorbed and polymerized on the electrode surface to form new species Mo 2 O 7 2- and SeO 4 2-. Theoretical calculations show that adsorption of Mo 2 O 7 2- and SeO 4 2- can significantly enhance the HER catalytic activity of Co(OH) 2. The addition of additional MoO 4 2- and SeO 3 2- to the electrolyte with Co(OH) 2 electrodes both enhances its HER activity and promotes its durability. This study helps to deepen our insight into mechanisms involved in the structural changes of catalyst surfaces and offers a logical basis for revealing the mechanism of the influence of species evolution on catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores a rational synthesis of a molybdenum‐promoted Ce−Si mixed oxide catalyst (MoO3/CeO2−SiO2) to regulate synergies between MoO3 and SiO2 dopant on CeO2, achieving high selectivity in solvent‐free catalytic oxidative coupling of amines to imines using molecular O2 as the oxidant. Comparative efficiency tests were conducted with bare CeO2, CeO2−SiO2, and MoO3/CeO2 catalysts. Characterization techniques, including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, N2‐adsorption‐desorption analysis, FTIR, NH3−TPD, TEM, and XPS, were employed to assess textural properties, acidic features, promoter and dopant dispersion in CeO2 lattice, and oxygen defects. Mo/Ce−Si catalyst exhibited superior acidic sites and a higher concentration of Ce3+ ions (Iu/ITotal), indicating increased oxygen vacancies. This catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance in the oxidative coupling of benzylamine, providing higher conversion and selectivity to the corresponding imine. Remarkably, the Mo/Ce−Si catalyst maintained consistent performance over five recycling runs. The catalyst also proved effective for the selective oxidative coupling of various amine substrates with diverse steric and electronic properties. Experimental results confirmed a plausible reaction mechanism within the concise catalyst design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum based phosphides have gradually become the investigation frontier of hydrogen evolution catalysts due to the platinum like electronic structure. In this paper, N, P double-doped graphite carbon layers wrapped with MoP nanoparticles (P–MoP@NPC), is directly compounded by one-step high-temperature carboning PMo 12 -APP@ZIF-8 precursor. P–MoP@NPC possesses splendid hydrogen production reactive, in two kinds of electrolytes, when the overpotentials of P–MoP@NPC are 132 mV and 161 mV, the slope of current density reaching 10 mA cm−2, Tafel slope are 67 and 79 mV dec−1, respectively. In the bargain, P–MoP@NPC displays satisfactory durability in acid and alkaline mediums and can continue to work for more than 24 h. The wonderful hydrogen production ability of P–MoP@NPC is ascribed to the synergistic effect of MoP nanoparticles, hierarchical porous structure as well as N, P double-doped carbon layers. The confinement effect of ZIF-8 makes most of the synthesized MoP nanoparticles evenly distributed. The hierarchical porous structure caused by the volatilization of Zn atoms with high temperature can expose more active centers. The N, P double-doped graphitic carbon layers not only protect the catalyst but also adjust the electronic structure of MoP, promoting the hydrogen production capacity. This work may provide a general way to study molybdenum phosphide catalysts synthesized by APP as a green phosphorus source for energy conversion. Molybdenum phosphide catalyst (P–MoP@NPC) was synthesized by simple solution mixing and high temperature calcination. The synthesized P–MoP@NPC has good catalytic activity and stability at 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 1 M KOH. [Display omitted] • APP is used as a green phosphorus source for phosphatization. • N, P dual-doped catalyst (P–MoP@NPC) was constructed with high efficiency hydrogen evolution activity; • Zn ions volatilization in ZIF-8 causes multistage pores to expose more active sites; • The confinement effect of ZIF-8 makes MoP nanoparticles evenly distributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruthenium(II) complexes with chelating polypyridine ligands are among the most frequently investigated compounds in photophysics and photochemistry, owing to their favorable luminescence and photoredox properties. Equally good photoluminescence performance and attractive photocatalytic behavior is now achievable with isoelectronic molybdenum(0) complexes. The zero‐valent oxidation state of molybdenum is stabilized by carbonyl or isocyanide ligands, and metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states analogous to those in ruthenium(II) complexes can be established. Microsecond MLCT excited‐state lifetimes and photoluminescence quantum yields up to 0.2 have been achieved in solution at room temperature, and the emission wavelength has become tunable over a large range. The molybdenum(0) complexes are stronger photoreductants than ruthenium(II) polypyridines and can therefore perform more challenging chemical reductions. The triplet nature of their luminescent MLCT states allows sensitization of photon upconversion via triplet‐triplet annihilation, to convert low‐energy input radiation into higher‐energy output fluorescence. This review summarizes the current state of the art concerning luminescent molybdenum(0) complexes and highlights their application potential. Molybdenum is roughly 140 times more abundant and far cheaper than ruthenium, hence this research is relevant in the greater context of finding more sustainable alternatives to using precious and rare transition metals in photophysics and photochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruthenium(II) complexes with chelating polypyridine ligands are among the most frequently investigated compounds in photophysics and photochemistry, owing to their favorable luminescence and photoredox properties. Equally good photoluminescence performance and attractive photocatalytic behavior is now achievable with isoelectronic molybdenum(0) complexes. The zero‐valent oxidation state of molybdenum is stabilized by carbonyl or isocyanide ligands, and metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states analogous to those in ruthenium(II) complexes can be established. Microsecond MLCT excited‐state lifetimes and photoluminescence quantum yields up to 0.2 have been achieved in solution at room temperature, and the emission wavelength has become tunable over a large range. The molybdenum(0) complexes are stronger photoreductants than ruthenium(II) polypyridines and can therefore perform more challenging chemical reductions. The triplet nature of their luminescent MLCT states allows sensitization of photon upconversion via triplet‐triplet annihilation, to convert low‐energy input radiation into higher‐energy output fluorescence. This review summarizes the current state of the art concerning luminescent molybdenum(0) complexes and highlights their application potential. Molybdenum is roughly 140 times more abundant and far cheaper than ruthenium, hence this research is relevant in the greater context of finding more sustainable alternatives to using precious and rare transition metals in photophysics and photochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large magma reservoirs underlying world-class porphyry deposits are one of the key factors in their formation, which thus led to the present study focusing on the unmineralized intrusive rocks underlying the porphyry molybdenum-copper orebody of the post-collisional Jiama porphyry-skarn copper-polymetallic deposit in southern Tibet. The Jiama porphyry intrusion comprises intermediate-silica quartz diorite, monzogranite, and granodiorite porphyries, as well a high-silica granite porphyry. The intrusive rocks suite exhibits similar whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions [εNd(t) = -3.9 to -0.8], suggesting a common, non-radiogenic magma source. Yet, these rocks have distinct geochemical characteristics. The intermediate-silica rocks are relatively enriched in Ba and Sr with minor Eu anomalies, and show adakite-like geochemical characteristics. In contrast, the high-silica granite porphyry is strongly depleted in Ba, Sr, and Eu, and lacks adakite-like geochemical characteristics. We propose that the high-silica granite porphyry represents highly fractionated melt extracted from a silicic mush reservoir (crystallinity of ∼40%-65%), and that the monzogranite and granodiorite porphyries constitute the complementary residual silicic cumulates. High crystallinity facilitates the formation of connected fluid pathways, allowing the efficient removal of volatiles from the remaining silicic melt and a rapid flux of the ore-forming fluids toward the apical parts of the large magma reservoir. Less-evolved mafic melt is believed to have repeatedly intruded the base of the magma reservoir, thereby releasing volatiles and water into the silicic mush systems. The volatiles migrated upward through the fluid channels and accumulated in the apical part of the magma reservoir, subsequently, as a result of the overpressure in the roof zone, ore-forming fluids and successive batches of magma were expelled together, thereby forming the Jiama porphyry-skarn deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a novel approach for synthesizing XMoO4 (X: Ni, Zn) using metal–organic frameworks as templates. Our findings reveal orthorhombic structure of MoO3 converted to triclinic and monoclinic crystalline phases for ZnMoO4 and NiMoO4, respectively. XMoO4 nanorods have higher band gap than MoO3, with an optical band gap range of 3.20–3.80 eV. The specific surface area was estimated to be 27.6, 44.7 and 63.6 m2 g−1 for MoO3, ZnMoO4, and NiMoO4, respectively. Electrochemical results demonstrated that Ni2+ and Zn2+ incorporation improved the supercapacitive performance of MoO3 and MOF-derived NiMoO4 nanorods disclosed superior specific capacitance of 2302.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with cycling stability of 93% after 5000 cycles. A maximum energy density of 66.4 Wh kg−1 at 749.3 W kg−1 was achieved for NiMoO4//AC ASC. The research established that NiMoO4 nanorods have considerable potential for supercapacitor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) have become a research hotspot in the field of energy storage due to their high energy density, safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, the actual capacity of AIBs is much lower than the theoretical specific capacity, and their cycling stability is poor. The exploration of energy storage mechanisms may help in the design of stable electrode materials, thereby contributing to improving performance. In this work, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was selected as the host material for AIBs, and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were used as the substrate to prepare a molybdenum disulfide/carbon nanofibers (MoS2/CNFs) electrode, exhibiting a residual reversible capacity of 53 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 260 cycles. The energy storage mechanism was understood through a combination of electrochemical characterization and first-principles calculations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diffusion behavior of ions in different channels in the host material and its potential energy storage mechanism. The computational analysis and experimental results indicate that the electrochemical behavior of the battery is determined by the ion transport mechanism between MoS2 layers. The insertion of ions leads to lattice distortion in the host material, significantly impacting its initial stability. CNFs, serving as a support material, not only reduce the agglomeration of MoS2 grown on its surface, but also effectively alleviate the volume expansion caused by the host material during charging and discharging cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and synthesis of polyoxometalates (POMs), a type of inorganic compounds, are of great interest due to their interesting structural properties as well as their extensive theoretical and practical applications in catalysis, electrical conductivity, magnetism, optics and medicine. Therefore, in this study two molybdovanadates [Cu(phen)2]3[Mo6V2O26]⋅4H2O and [Cu(bpy)2]3[Mo6V2O26]⋅4H2O have been prepared by the reaction of the [Mo6V2O26]6- anion with Cu(CH3COO)2 and 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2'-bipyridine in aqueous medium; characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis. The compounds show antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Gene regulation and proteome response can identify how the micronutrient molybdenum (Mo) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) alter the physiological mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism in sugarcane. This work aimed to identify differentially accumulated proteins in sugarcane treated with Mo associated with nitrogen (N), and inoculated with PGPR. Methods: The experiment was carried out in the field and the treatments consisted of two sugarcane varieties (RB92579 and RB867515) submitted to doses of nitrogen and molybdenum, and inoculated with Stenotrophomonas sp. Results: In the RB92579 variety, treatments with application of 80 kg N ha−1 and its association with Mo (80 kg N ha−1 + 0.2 kg Mo ha−1) were selected as they had the highest biomass production. For the RB867515 variety, the treatments selected were 80 kg N ha−1, as it presents higher biomass production and its association with bacterial inoculation (80 kg N ha−1 + Stenotrophomonas sp.), as it has lower biomass production. Conclusion: It is concluded that Mo acts in key processes in sugarcane metabolism, such as photosynthesis and control of biotic and abiotic stress, that promote plant growth, and that the rhizobacterium Stenotrophomonas sp. should not be used for inoculation of the sugarcane variety (RB867515) due to a possible imbalance in the photosynthesis/photorespiration ratio, which may have resulted in less development of the aerial part of the plants when fertilized with nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From reactions involving sodium molybdate and dianilines [2,2′-(NH2)C6H4]2(CH2)n (n = 0, 1, 2) and amino-functionalized carboxylic acids 1,2-(NH2)(CO2H)C6H4 or 2-H2NC6H3-1,4-(CO2H)2, in the presence of Et3N and Me3SiCl, products adopting H-bonded networks have been characterized. In particular, the reaction of 2,2′-diaminobiphenyl, [2,2′-NH2(C6H4)]2, and 2-aminoterephthalic acid, H2NC6H3-1,4-(CO2H)2, led to the isolation of [(MoCl3[2,2′-N(C6H4)]2}{HNC6H3-1-(CO2),4-(CO2H)]·2[2,2′-NH2(C6H4)]2·3.5MeCN (1·3.5MeCN), which contains intra-molecular N–H∙∙∙Cl H-bonds and slipped π∙∙∙π interactions. Similar use of 2,2′-methylenedianiline, [2,2′-(NH2)C6H4]2CH2, in combination with 2-aminoterephthalic acid led to the isolation of [MoCl2(O2CC6H3NHCO2SiMe3)(NC6H4CH2C6H4NH2)]·3MeCN (2·3MeCN). Complex 2 contains extensive H-bonds between pairs of centrosymmetrically-related molecules. In the case of 2,2′ethylenedianiline, [2,2′-(NH2)C6H4]2CH2CH2, and anthranilic acid, 1,2-(NH2)(CO2H)C6H4, reaction with Na2MoO4 in the presence of Et3N and Me3SiCl in refluxing 1,2-dimethoxyethane afforded the complex [MoCl3{1,2-(NH)(CO2)C6H4}{NC6H4CH2CH2C6H4NH3}]·MeCN (3·MeCN). In 3, there are intra-molecular bifurcated H-bonds between NH3 H atoms and chlorides, whilst pairs of molecules H-bond further via the NH3 groups to the non-coordinated carboxylate oxygen, resulting in H-bonded chains. Complexes 1 to 3 have been screened for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of both ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) using solvent-free conditions under N2 and air. The products were of moderate to high molecular weight, with wide Ð values, and comprised several types of polymer families, including OH-terminated, OBn-terminated (for PCL only), and cyclic polymers. The results of metal-free ROP using the dianilines [2,2′-(NH2)C6H4]2(CH2)n (n = 0, 1, 2) and the amino-functionalized carboxylic acids 1,2-(NH2)(CO2H)C6H4 or 2-H2NC6H3-1,4-(CO2H)2 under similar conditions (no BnOH) are also reported. The dianilines were found to be capable of the ROP of δ-VL (but not ε-CL), whilst anthranilic acid outperformed 2-aminoterephthalic acid for both ε-Cl and δ-VL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous catalysts containing cobalt and molybdenum supported on mesoporous materials types SBA-15 and AlSBA-15 were synthesized for application in the HDS reactions of thiophene in the n-heptane stream. The materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using Pluronic P123 as a template. The calcined SBA-15 and AlSBA-15 supports were submitted to co-impregnation with solutions of cobalt nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate, aiming for the production of 15% in mass of metal loading with an atomic ratio of [Co/(Co + Mo)] = 0.45. The obtained materials were dried and calcined to obtain the mesoporous catalysts in the forms of CoMo/SBA-15 and CoMo/AlSBA-15. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TG/DTG, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption. From XRD analysis, it was verified that after the decomposition of the cobalt and molybdenum salts, MoO3, Co3O4, and CoMoO4 oxides were formed on the supports, being attributed to these chemical species, the activity for the HDS reactions. The catalytic activity of the obtained catalysts was evaluated in a continuously flowing tubular fixed-bed microreactor coupled on-line to a gas chromatograph, using an n-heptane stream containing 12,070 ppm of thiophene (ca. 5100 ppm of sulfur) as a model compound. The synthesized catalysts presented suitable activity for the HDS reaction, and the main obtained products were cis- and trans-2-butene, 1-butene, n-butane, and low amounts of isobutane. The presence of 1,3-butadiene and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) was not detected. A mechanism of the primary and secondary reactions and subsequent formation of the olefins and paraffins in the CoMo/SBA-15 and CoMo/AlSBA-15 mesoporous catalysts was proposed, considering steps of desulfurization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, THT decyclization, and isomerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a straightforward alkane elimination strategy to prepare well-defined heterobimetallic Al/Mo species. Notably, the reaction of the monohydride complex of molybdenum, Cp*MoH(CO)3, with triisobutyl aluminum affords a new heterobimetallic [MoAl]2 tetranuclear compound, [Cp*Mo(CO)(µ-CO)2Al(iBu)2]2, (1), featuring a 12-membered C4O4Mo2Al2 ring in which isocarbonyls bridge the Mo and Al centers. The addition of pyridine to this complex successfully results in the dissociation of the dimer into a new discrete binuclear complex, [Cp*Mo(CO)2(µ-CO)Al(Py)(iBu)2], (2). Switching the nature of the Lewis base from pyridine to tetrahydrofuran does not lead to the THF analogue of adduct 2, but rather to a complex reaction where one of the identified products corresponds to a tetranuclear species, [Cp*Mo(CO)3(μ-CH2CH2CH2CH2O)Al(iBu)2]2, (3), featuring two bridging alkoxybutyl fragments originating from the C-O ring opening of THF. Compound 3 adds to the unusual occurrences of THF ring opening by heterobimetallic complexes, which is evocative of masked metal-only frustrated Lewis pair behavior and highlights the high reactivity of these Al/Mo assemblies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoproduction of 95 m Nb on nat Mo was studied using the electron beam of the LUE-40 linac RDC "Accelerator" NSC KIPT. Measurements were performed using activation and off-line γ -ray spectrometric techniques. The experimental flux-averaged cross-section ⟨ σ (E γ max) ⟩ m for the nat Mo (γ , x n p) 95 m Nb reaction at the bremsstrahlung end-point energy range of 38–93 MeV has been first time obtained. The estimated values ⟨ σ (E γ max) ⟩ g for the formation of 95 Nb in the ground state and total cross-sections ⟨ σ (E γ max) ⟩ tot for the studied reaction were determined. The theoretical values of the yields Y m,g,tot (E γ max) and flux-averaged cross-sections ⟨ σ (E γ max) ⟩ m , g , tot for the nat Mo (γ , x n p) 95 m , g , t o t Nb reactions were calculated using the cross-sections σ (E) from the TALYS1.95 code for six different level density models. The comparison showed a significant excess of the experimental results over the theoretical ⟨ σ (E γ max) ⟩ m , g , tot values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electrochemical sensor with a dual-template molecular imprinting technology was fabricated for the simultaneous detection of paracetamol (PAR) and isoniazid (INZ). The sensor was constructed using nitrogen and sulfur co-doped molybdenum carbide (N, S@Mo2C) and a thin layer of electro-polymerized methylene blue was applied onto the surface of the N, S@Mo2C. The electrochemical sensor demonstrated remarkable analytical efficiency for the concurrent PAR and INZ quantification under optimal circumstances. The system achieved an exceptionally low limit of detection (S/N = 3) of 3.7 nM for PAR, with a concentration range of 0.013 and 140 µM. A LOD of 7.6 nM was attained for INZ, with a linear range between 0.025 and 140 µM. Furthermore, the platform's selectivity was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The designed platform successfully detected PAR and INZ in authentic samples with recoveries varying between 98.3% and 104.9%. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for these measurements ranged from 2.7 to 4.0%, demonstrating that the proposed sensor is extremely stable, repeatable, and reproducible. These promising results suggest that the sensor holds potential for the detection of various (bio) molecules, paving the way for future applications in sensing fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metathesis of ammonium cations in (NH4)4[Mo12O28(μ-L)8] (L = pz (pyrazolate) and trz (1,2,4-triazolate)) with tetrabutylammonium is performed under boiling in an aqueous solution with Bu4NOH. The substitution of cations and the preservation of the anionic cluster fragment are confirmed by a number of physicochemical methods such as XRD, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry. The resulting compounds are soluble and stable in organic solvents, so their redox properties are studied. According to the cyclic voltammetry data, the compounds exhibit reversible oxidation with E1/2 = 0.26 V and 0.61 V for L = pz and trz respectively. The electronic structure is studied by quantum chemical calculations. It is shown that the frontier molecular orbitals of these compounds are mainly composed of molybdenum d-orbitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of crystalline MoO3 in HCl solutions with variable concentration was investigated at 100, 155, 200, 250, 300, 350°C and saturated vapor pressure. The results showed that the MoO3 solubility increases with increasing HCl concentration. Using the OptimA program, the Gibbs energies of MoO2Cl2 complex have been determined. The stability constants of MoO2Cl2 are calculated according to the reaction: The pK values are 1.07 ± 0.29; 1.06 ± 0.49; 1.74 ± 0.71; 1.83 ± 0.47; 1.50 ± 0.28; 0.95 ± 0.57, respectively, at 100, 155, 200, 250, 300, 350°C (saturated vapor pressure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anhydrous dimolybdenum perfluorotetrabenzoate Мо2(ООСС6F5)4 (I) and silver perfluorocyclohexanoate AgOOCC6F11 (II) are synthesized for the first time. Complex I is synthesized by the transcarboxylation of dimolybdenum tetraacetate with pentafluorobenzoic acid. Compound II is synthesized from freshly prepared silver oxide and perfluorocyclohexanoic acid. The evaporation of the complexes is studied by the Knudsen method with mass spectral analysis of the gas phase. The sublimation of Мо2(ООСС6F5)4 is congruent. The enthalpy of sublimation and the equation of the temperature dependence of the vapor pressure are found. The evaporation of AgOOCC6F11 is accompanied by the complete thermal decomposition with the formation of Ag(s) and mainly С6F12, С6F10, and CO2 molecules. The standard enthalpies of thermal decomposition ( (5) = 439.5 ± 16.4 kJ/mol, (6) = 325.2 ± 14.0 kJ/mol) and formation of the silver complex ( (AgOOCC6F11, c) = –2751.0 ± 24.4 kJ/mol) are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wunugetu deposit, a large-scale porphyry copper–molybdenum deposit, is located in the southern Erguna block. Its ore bodies are primarily found within monzogranites, granite porphyries, and biotite monzogranites. Additionally, the deposit contains late-stage intrusive dykes of rhyolitic porphyries. This study examined the deposit's monzogranites and rhyolitic porphyries using lithogeochemistry, zircon U-Pb dating, and Hf isotopic analysis. The main findings include: (1) Zircon U-Pb dating showed that the monzogranites formed around 209.0 ± 1.0 Ma, whereas the rhyolitic porphyries in the northern portion formed around 170.49 ± 0.81 Ma, suggesting magmatic activity in the deposit spanned from the Late Triassic to the Middle Jurassic. (2) The monzogranites exhibited high silicon content (73.16–80.47 wt.%) and relatively low aluminum content (10.98–14.37 wt.%). They are enriched in alkalis (content: 3.42–10.10 wt.%) and deficient in magnesium and sodium, with aluminum saturation indices (A/CNK) ranging from 1.1 to 2.9. In addition, the monzogranites are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) such as Rb, K, and Ba and deficient in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs) like Nb, P, and Ti. (3) The monzogranites have low Zr + Nb + Ce + Y contents of (151.3–298.6 ppm) × 10−6 and 10,000 × Ga/Al ratios varying between 1.20 and 2.33, suggesting that they are characteristic of I-type granites. (4) Positive zircon εHf(t) values ranging from +0.3 to +7.6 in both rhyolitic porphyry and monzogranite samples, increasing with younger emplacement ages, imply that the deposit's rocks originated from magmatic mixing between mantle-derived mafic magmas and remelts of the juvenile crust. Considering these results and the regional geological evolution, this study proposes that the Wunugetu deposit was formed in an active continental margin setting and was influenced by the Late Triassic–Middle Jurassic southeastward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large Mo isotopic fractionations between diferent geological reservoirs make this isotopic system a potentially useful tool for constraining the origins of magmatism. However, the efect of magmatic diferentiation on Mo isotopes is still controversial. In this study, we obtained Mo isotope data for the Panzhihua gabbroic intrusion (i.e., including mineral separates of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, magnetite, and ilmenite). The whole-rock samples and mineral separates exhibit large Mo isotopic fractionations with δ98/95Mo values as follows: magnetite (–0.73‰ to –0.32‰) < clinopyroxene (–0.32‰ to –0.10‰) < ilmenite (0.06‰ to 0.36‰) < plagioclase (0.33‰ to 0.83‰). Iron-Ti oxides have Mo contents that are one order of magnitude higher than those of clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Mass balance calculations based on Mo isotopes and contents are consistent with an accumulated origin for the Panzhihua intrusion. Rayleigh fractionation modeling shows that the removal of magnetite and ilmenite results in significant Mo isotopic fractionation in the residual magma. Due to the low Mo contents of clinopyroxene and plagioclase, Mo isotopes are not significantly fractionated by the removal of these minerals. Therefore, our study highlights that fractionation of Fe-Ti oxides can cause considerable Mo isotopic fractionation; consequently, caution is needed when using Mo isotopes to infer magma origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-dimensional molybdenum carbide (Mo 2 CT x) has a similar electronic structure to platinum, which has the potential to be one of non-precious metals catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the preparation of Mo 2 CT x by conventional HF and LiF–HCl etching method inevitably introduces the –F and –Cl terminations on the surface, which adversely affect activity and stability. In this study, the LiCl–KCl–Li 3 N molten salt was used to treat Mo 2 CT x at 600 °C and atmospheric pressure and introduce nitrogen heteroatoms. After treated in LiCl–KCl–Li 3 N molten salt, the HER performance of nitrogen-doped Mo 2 CT x is improved compared with that of un-doped Mo 2 CT x , which should be attributed to the optimization of the electronic structure of N–Mo 2 CT x and lower hydrogen adsorption energy barrier. This simple molten salt method provides a way to modify non-precious metal HER catalyst and introduce nitrogen heteroatoms. The LiCl–KCl–Li 3 N molten salt was used to treat Mo 2 CT x at 600 °C and atmospheric pressure and introduce nitrogen heteroatoms. After treatment in LiCl–KCl–Li 3 N molten salt, the HER performance of nitrogen-doped Mo 2 CT x is improved compared with that of un-doped Mo 2 CT x , which should be attributed to the optimization of the electronic structure of N–Mo 2 CT x and lower hydrogen adsorption energy barrier. [Display omitted] • N-modified Mo 2 CT x MXene was prepared via molten salt modification strategy. • The N doping optimizes the electronic structure of Mo 2 CT x. • The improved catalytic performance and stability for Mo 2 CT x. • The molten salt method is simple, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly for modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wadsley‐Roth niobium oxide phases have attracted extensive research interest recently as promising battery anodes. We have synthesized the niobium‐molybdenum oxide shear phase (Nb, Mo)13O33 with superior electrochemical Li‐ion storage performance, including an ultralong cycling lifespan of at least 15000 cycles. During electrochemical cycling, a reversible single‐phase solid‐solution reaction with lithiated intermediate solid solutions is demonstrated using in situ X‐ray diffraction, with the valence and short‐range structural changes of the electrode probed by in situ Nb and Mo K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. This work reveals that the superior stability of niobium molybdenum oxides is underpinned by changes in octahedral distortion during electrochemical reactions, and we report an in‐depth understanding of how this stabilizes the oxide structure during cycling with implications for future long‐life battery material design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wadsley‐Roth niobium oxide phases have attracted extensive research interest recently as promising battery anodes. We have synthesized the niobium‐molybdenum oxide shear phase (Nb, Mo)13O33 with superior electrochemical Li‐ion storage performance, including an ultralong cycling lifespan of at least 15000 cycles. During electrochemical cycling, a reversible single‐phase solid‐solution reaction with lithiated intermediate solid solutions is demonstrated using in situ X‐ray diffraction, with the valence and short‐range structural changes of the electrode probed by in situ Nb and Mo K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. This work reveals that the superior stability of niobium molybdenum oxides is underpinned by changes in octahedral distortion during electrochemical reactions, and we report an in‐depth understanding of how this stabilizes the oxide structure during cycling with implications for future long‐life battery material design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By combining binding energy and bond‐charge (BBC) model and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electrostatic shielding effects and binding energy shifts of bilayer MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2 are studied. In this study, the bilayer MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2 had bandgaps of 1.38, 1.28, and 1.01 eV, respectively. It is found that electrostatic shielding by electron exchange is the main cause of density fluctuation and determine the bonding state. We found that the edge polarization exactly vanishes after the bulk phase transition, just as we saw the corner‐localized modes disappear in a system with full open boundaries of bilayer MoTe2. Finally, this study establishes a method for calculating the lattice density with Green's function with energy level shift and provides new methods and ideas for the further study of the electrostatic shielding, bond states and topological phases of nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first molybdenum triazolylidene complexes catalyzing the atom‐economical synthesis of quinolines through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols is reported. A new family of Mo(0) complexes bearing chelating bis‐1,2,3‐triazolylidene, pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazolylidene, and bis‐triazole ligands have been prepared and applied as catalysts for the synthesis of quinolines. Interestingly, Mo complexes bearing bis‐1,2,3‐triazolylidene ligands with alkyl groups (Et, n‐Bu) displayed superior catalytic activities than those containing aryl substituents on the triazolylidene rings. Control experiments corroborated that the catalytic reaction involves the dehydrogenation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing cobalt-based electrocatalysts that can replace precious metals is significant for hydrogen production in water splitting, however, this is still a complex and demanding task. Here, 3D Mo-doped Co3S4 nanosheet arrays are anchored to nickel foam (Mo–Co3S4/NF) through one-step hydrothermal vulcanization of the Co-MOF precursor. The best electrocatalytic performance has been achieved by optimizing the heteroatom content. The Mo–Co3S4-0.1/NF just needs 154 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the HER and 320 mV with 50 mA cm−2 for the OER, respectively. Meanwhile, Mo–Co3S4-0.1/NF as both the cathode and anode in an integrated cell only required 1.52 V to create a current density of 10 mA cm−2 without attenuation for 22 h. Doped Mo heteroatoms can optimize the electron configuration and morphology to accelerate the mass charge transfer of Co3S4/NF. This work confirms that the performance of catalytic materials can be enhanced by introducing heteroatoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution‐processed chalcopyrite thin film solar cells have made great progress but still lag behind the vacuum‐based ones due to inferior absorber quality and non‐ideal interfaces. Here, plasma treatment of the molybdenum (Mo) substrate is reported to modify the back interface and improve the efficiency of solution‐processed copper indium sulfoselenide (CuIn(S,Se)2, CISSe) solar cells. The results show plasma treatment oxides the surface Mo/MoO2 to high oxidation oxides MoO3‐x (0 ≤ x < 1). The higher surface polarity greatly improves the wettability of the substrate to the precursor solution and results in formation of more compact and uniform precursor film, which grows to void‐free larger grains absorber film with better adhesion to the substrate. In addition, the much higher chemical stability of MoO3‐x than Mo significantly reduces the thickness of high resistive MoSe2 layer. The improved absorber quality and back interface property decreases charge carrier recombination in the absorber and back contact interface, resulting in 14.53% efficiency solution‐processed CISSe solar cell, which is improved by 13% compared to device without plasma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated S-doped MoSe 2 nanosheets on hollow nanobox carbon fabricated via in situ growth and heterodoping strategy exhibits ultrahigh energy density and flexible characteristics in sodium ion pouch cell. [Display omitted] For the continued use of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which require matching anode materials, it is crucial to create high energy density energy storage devices. Here, hollow nanoboxes shaped carbon supported sulfur-doped MoSe 2 nanosheets (S-MoSe 2 @NC) are fabricated by in situ growth and heterodoping strategy. This ensures that the MoSe 2 nanosheets are tightly anchored to the nanoboxes carbon, and the structure can effectively buffer the volume stress caused by sodium ion (de)intercalation, as well as providing abundant ion/electron migration transportations. As anode for SIBs, the S-MoSe 2 @NC shows a higher rate capability and excellent cycling stability (431.1 mAh/g after 1100 cycles at 10 A/g). This excellent cycle life and high rate ability are due to the structural stability and outstanding electronic conductance with reduced band gap of the S-MoSe 2 @NC, as evidenced by the diffusion analysis and theoretical calculation. In order to promote the application of SIBs, the S-MoSe 2 @NC and NaNi 1/3 Fe 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 were assembled into a pouch cell, and the test found that besides the excellent cycle rate performance, the ultrahigh energy density of 256 Wh kg−1 and flexible characteristics can be achieved. This study has proven that building a structure with a rock-steady foundation and quick ion migration may efficiently control sodium storage and pave the way for novel applications of high-performance transition metal dichalcogenides in sodium storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and damage to the environment, as well as the limitations of fossil fuels, have pushed governments to explore infinite renewable energy options such as biofuels. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is a sustainable energy device that transforms biofuels into power and heat. It is now being researched to function at intermediate temperatures (600–700 °C) in order to prevent material deterioration and improve system life span. However, one of the major disadvantages of reducing the temperature is that carbon deposition impairs the electrochemical performance of the cell with a Ni-YSZ traditional anode. Here, molybdenum was doped into La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCFMo) as an innovative anode material with higher coke resistance and better phase stability under reducing conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed increasing phase stability by increasing the Mo dopant. Electrochemical measurements proved that the LSCFMo anode is an active catalyst towards the methanol oxidation even at low temperatures as 600 °C, with an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.55 V, while GDC10 (Ga0.9Ce0.1O1.95) is used as the electrolyte. As an insightful result, no trace of any carbon deposition was found on the anode side after the tests. The combination of phase composition, morphological, and electrochemical studies demonstrate that LSCFMo is a suitable anode material for SOFCs fed by biofuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]