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For the reason that approximately 95% of the population of Russia is located in urban and rural settlements, therefore, the construction system of Russia should recognize the «construction of settlements» as its main task. However, in federal laws and regulations of the Russian Federation construction content is not even recognized as “capital construction objects”. Moreover, Federal Law No. 384-FZ does not even contain a record that the individual buildings and structures considered in them are intended (not intended) for construction in the territories of settlements. The article substantiates that mass residential and public buildings in order to protect the life and health of people under the influence of hazardous natural phenomena should be erected only with the maximum period of their operation.

The effect of a simultaneous change in the degree of filling a chamber with load κbrand in the content of the crushed material κmbgron the efficiency of the self-oscillatory grinding process has been estimated. Using a method of numerical modeling based on the results of experimental visualization of the flow has helped establish an emergent dynamic effect of the sharp increase in the self-oscillatory action of two-faction loading at a joint reduction in κbrand κmbgr. A significant decrease in the passive quasi-solid loading motion zone has been detected, as well as an increase in the active pulsation zone and a growth of dilatancy. The manifestation of the effect is enhanced by the simultaneous interaction of increasing the scope of self-oscillations and weakening the coherent properties of particles in a loose large fraction under the influence of the particles of fine fraction. A significant decrease in the values of the inertial loading parameters has been established: maximum dilatancy υmax, the relative scale of self-oscillations ψRυ, the maximum share of the active part of κfammax, and the generalized complex degree of dynamic activation Ka. A 2.65-time growth of υmaxwas detected, ψRυincreased by 5times, κfammax‒ by 4.36times, Ka‒ by 18.4times, at a joint decrease in κbrfrom 0.45 to 0.25, in κmbgr‒ from 1 to 0. The synergistic technological effect of a sharp decrease in the specific energy intensity Еo/Еshas been established, as well as an increase in the relative performance Co/Csin the self-oscillatory grinding, due to a significant increase in the dynamic action of loading, which is exacerbated by the joint interaction of reduced κbrand κmbgr. The process of the self-oscillatory grinding of cement clinker has been investigated. A 62% reduction in Еo/Еsand a 125% increase in Co/Cswere detected at a joint decrease in κbrfrom 0.45 to 0.25, in κmbgr‒ from 1 to 0.125. The established effects make it possible to substantiate the parameters for the energy-efficient self-oscillatory process of grinding in tumbling mills with a conventional structure

The issues of obtaining composite fibrous materials based on the development of technology, equipment and a method for obtaining multilayer fibrous materials are considered. The advantages of the developed technologies, equipment and methods for producing composite fibrous materials are noted. Variants of obtaining composite fibrous materials are given, depending on the feedstock and their field of application. The results of theoretical studies of technological processes taking place on the developed equipment for obtaining multilayer fibrous materials are presented.

This article discusses the issues of organizing a monitoring center for a system for detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks as a man-machine system with integrated automated decision support. A conceptual approach to building a system and its functional diagram, tasks and procedures are proposed.

Brake failure is always possible due to several factors that are difficult to control, such as a slight leak in the brake hose due to an impact or a rat bite. In the latest research, the development of a brake performance detection tool has been started, but how to detect a brake temperature more efficiently on the brakes of large vehicles has not been specified. Given the significant impact of losses due to brake failure and accidents that are still occurring, this research plays an important role. It must be completed immediately so that accident cases can be reduced. The object of this research is where the position of the maximum brake temperature occurs? How to measure brake temperature is more practical? What sensor is optimal in detecting a brake temperature? The research method is carried out in a systematic stage that ends with an experimental method. This study indicates that the maximum temperature is relative to the entire friction area between the canvas and the drum brake. The most efficient sensor placement is in the hole in the drum brake cover so that installation is more practical and the brakes are not disturbed by the sensor’s presence. The optimal sensor is a thermocouple sensor because it is more stable to vibrations and more resistant to mud disturbances than infrared sensors. When using a thermocouple sensor, the temperature detection results must be corrected. The correction factor can be made with the equation y=10.3670+1.3205x–0.0003x2, where y is the actual temperature displayed, and x is the input temperature from the thermocouple sensor’s initial detection. Accurate brake temperature detection results will be developed as a signal for detecting brake faults in real-time to avoid brake failure. Finally, the safety of public transportation can be improved. Keywords: brake fault, traffic accident, brake temperature, temperature measurement, drum brake

Bioethanol is a renewable energy that can replace gasoline, which will run out in the future. This study investigates the influence of magnetization of bioethanol fuel on the fuel combustion temperature in the combustion chamber of a gasoline motor. The fuel used is bioethanol with a composition of E0 (pure gasoline), E10 (10 % bioethanol+90 % gasoline), E20 (20 % bioethanol+80 % gasoline), E30 (30 % bioethanol+70 % gasoline), E40 (40 % bioethanol+60 % gasoline). The fuel passed through the magnet with a magnetic variation of 647.15 Gauss, 847.25 Gauss, 1419.57 Gauss. The temperature sensor used is a K-type thermocouple. The temperature sensor was inserted in the combustion chamber to measure the combustion chamber temperature. The thermocouple data were recorded in Microsoft Excel on a computer using the LabVIEW program via NI-USB 9213 interface. The temperature data recorded is 400 data/second. The results obtained without exposure to the magnetic field, the lowest peak temperature of 577.1998 °C at E40 and the highest peak temperature of 582.1786 °C at E0. The higher the bioethanol content, the lower the temperature of fuel combustion to the low bioethanol viscosity. The increasing magnetic field strength will increase the combustion temperature; hence the fuel burned quickly and the combustion process is more perfect. The result obtained with the magnetic field exposure, the lowest peak temperature of 577.8347 °C is at E40. The highest peak temperature of 587.36 °C is at E0. The use of a magnetic field in the bioethanol fuel mixture can increase the combustion temperature so that the fuel molecules move freely and the fuel is more easily mixed with oxygen. As more fuel is burned, the combustion of the fuel becomes complete. Keywords: combustion chamber temperature, bioethanol, gasoline engine, magnetic field, ther-mocouple, LabVIEW

Objetivo: El objetivo principal de esta investigación es obtener bacterias del género Pseudomona spp. con capacidad biodegradora de hidrocarburos en muestras de agua superficial de la Bahía de Cartagena de Indias. Material y Método: Diseño observacional, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo. Se tomaron tres muestras de agua superficial de la Bahía de Cartagena de indias, se sembraron para preadaptacion y adaptación biológica de las bacterias en medio con sales minerales, ACPM 1% v/v y petróleo crudo 1% v/v, como única fuente de carbono y energía. Resultados: Las bacterias que crecieron en los medios con petróleo crudo fueron identificadas en 31 morfotipos de colonias bacterianas, de las cuales solo el 19,4% dio positivo para la presencia de Pseudomona spp., y el 80,6% restante, pertenecientes a otros grupos bacterianos. Discusión: Se evidenció un cambio de color en el agar nutritivo durante el procedimiento de aislamiento de las bacterias de la muestra 2 relacionado con la presencia de especies de Pseudomonas en especial P. aeruginosa. Conclusión: Se reporta la presencia del género de Pseudomona spp. con capacidad biodegradadora de petróleo en una de las muestras de agua recolectadas en la Bahía de Cartagena. Este estudio abre la posibilidad de futuros trabajos de bioprospección e identificación metabólica de las cepas aisladas.

This paper reports a study into the effect of mineral fillers such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, microsilica, and nano dispersed alumina on the structure formation and water resistance of gypsum. The theoretical models of gypsum stone structure with mineral fillers have been built and described, taking into consideration the sign of the surface charge of gypsum crystals and filler particles. In accordance with the developed models, the fillers enable the formation of a dense structure of gypsum stone as a compositional material with a large number of electro-heterogeneous contacts. With this structure, the gypsum dihydrate crystals are maximally protected from contact with water and dissolution. The electron microscopic study of the gypsum stone with mineral fillers has been carried out, which has confirmed that the rational ratio of gypsum to slag ensures the densest structure of the stone. The dependences of the strength of gypsum stone in the dry and water-saturated condition and a water resistance factor (softening) on the content of slag, micro-and nano dispersed filler, a water-hardened ratio, have been experimentally established. The introduction of a rational amount of microfiller with a negative surface charge (microsilica) has increased the water resistance ratio by 0.2‒0.4 amounting to a value of 1. The introduction of a rational amount of micro-filler with a positive surface charge (nano dispersed alumina) has improved the water resistance ratio by 0.8 amounting to a value of 0.9. The established mechanism that forms the gypsum stone structure with fillers would make it possible to develop the compositions for a mineral binder based on gypsum, which could be used under wet operational conditions

Recent studies have recognized that digital ecosystems can enhance the transformation of enterprises and the sustainability of cooperation networks by enabling a regulated and governed exchange of data between different stakeholders according to common rules. Thanks to digital ecosystems, data can be effectively distributed and leveraged to build innovative services in various contexts, such as smart cities or corporate solutions. In this paper we apply the Cefriel Digital Ecosystem Toolkit approach, which was first adopted to foster digital interoperability during the 2015 World Exposition in Milan, Italy. The goal of this lightweight approach is to combine technologies for building API-based solutions with governance processes and common participation guidelines. Moreover, we argue that this approach fosters data sustainability responding to the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability) principles for data management and stewardship. Since 2015, this approach has been applied in several projects and featured by the European Commission's JRC and the USA's NIST. The Cefriel Digital Ecosystem Toolkit approach now supports the creation of many-to-many digital relationships between stakeholders operating in various domains, allowing the discovery and reuse of digital assets owned by companies and organizations of any type and size, as well as supporting the development of added value services for citizens and other end-users.

The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework to manage the innovation process in small businesses. It is based on research from 11 case studies in the Montreal software industry using contingency and resource dependency theories. This conceptual framework provides a view of the innovation process that differs from the linear approach often used in many studies to investigate innovation in small and medium sized businesses (SMEs). The linear approach considers the process as a set of activities that includes developing from one stage to another, while depending on the previous one. We conceptualize the innovation process in small businesses as an interactive process that involves a set of six subprocesses and several keys points of resources mobilization, which requires interacting with both internal and external business actors. Successful mobilization of innovation resources at all key points determines the success or failure of SMEs' innovation processes.

The aim of this paper is to contribute to knowledge about the expansion of eCommerce (eCom) operations by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to global markets. We investigate the literature on eCom and reflect on our experiences working with several Finnish eCom companies and consulting firms to boost their global sales. In addition, one important goal of our study was to acquire knowledge and boost participants' learning of fast growing digital business models. Our findings show that digital disruption and digitalization in general are driving forces behind eCom growth. The study's conclusions underline the importance of targeted marketing activities, knowledge sharing, and capability building for global eCom operations.

Opportunity identification is a continuous process in ecosystems. However, ambiguities and challenges associated with knowledge exploration and exploitation can retard opportunity recognition processes. This in turn may culminate in excessive expenditure of resources or loss of latent opportunities. The present study adopts an analytical approach and proposes a methodological roadmap that utilizes scientometric and text mining techniques. The roadmap uses data from Web of Science as input, and generates insights that support decision-making about resource saving, strategic planning, investment, and policymaking. Our roadmap extends methods used in studying ecosystems by combining existing and novel techniques in data analytics. Using Python and VOSViewer, we show an exemplary application of the new roadmap, framed in the context of the Nordic countries’ renewable energy ecosystem

Building construction projects suffer from many dangers such as cost and time overruns. A major reason for the failure of such projects is the lack of measurements of the construction performance. There is usually a disparity of judgment among the stakeholders when it comes to the perception of failure and success of a building construction project because it is based on personal indices. The aim of this study is to identify and rank the key performance indicators in their relative importance as a way to assist in building construction performance. A thorough literature review was conducted and 10 key performance indicators were identified. A questionnaire survey and interviews were used to collect data and the results were analyzed using the analytical hierarchical process, pair-wise comparison. As a result, the highest prioritized key performance indicator was safety, followed by time effectiveness and client satisfaction. The least prioritized key performance indicator was the environmental performance. The results of this paper may serve as a guideline in improving building construction projects.

The most essential infrastructure of today’s modern civilization is the energy system. A new energy revolution is ongoing worldwide in understanding the affordability, reliability, and sustainability of energy supply. One of the major challenges and opportunities considered in this energy revolution is the integration of the energy system. The varying dynamics of renewable energy production and the environmental conditions between the different energy sources are the major reasons for this challenge. Wind and solar energies are considered the best renewable sources and the foremost substitute sources for power generation. These energies are playing a vital role as alternates of nuclear energy and fossil fuels. Electricity is generated through wind energy conversion systems and photovoltaic (PV) cells. These technologies are clean and environmentally friendlier than non-renewable energies. A hybrid PV-wind generation system is more effective and consistent than a single-source system because the solar system cannot work at night or in cloudy weather while the wind speed is variable. The current study proposes an experimental-based analysis. The hardware used is the Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG) and solar panels. A boost converter is added for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) at variable wind speed and available sunlight.

After large-scale photovoltaic (PV) and wind power integration with the national grid, the island grid detection is a crucial technique that identifies when a grid should be considered as dead. This logic is built in an IEC61850 grid controller which mainly depends on the bus bar scheme and fault type. It becomes more complex when the ½ circuit breaker scheme is utilized. The lack of communication redundancy causes island mal-operation due to the substation's DC supply failure. In order to avoid such mal-operation discrepancies, this paper investigates the conventional islanding detection method. Then, an advanced IEC61850 grid controller 2oo3 architecture is proposed for islanding detection, based on SAS redundant communication which improves reliability. However, even if there is an interface communication failure, the power plant control center can still detect the islanding through the proposed IEC61850 grid controller and SCADA IEC60870-5-101/104 gateways integration. This method has the tendency of full supervision of the entire grid and perfect logical judgment by plant operation staff. This feasible and the proposed redundant communication architecture can play a decisive role for power system network stability in order to avoid system blackout.

Under-Water Acoustic (UWA) communication networks are commonly formed by associating various independent UWA vehicles and transceivers connected to the bottom of the sea with battery-operated power modems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the most vital innovations for UWA communications, having improved data rates and the ability to transform fading channels into flat fading. Moreover, OFDM is more robust on Inter-Symbol and Inter-Carrier Interferences (ISI and ICI respectively). However, OFDM technology suffers from a high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), resulting in nonlinear distortions and higher Bit Error Rates (BERs). Saving power of battery deployed modems is an important necessity for sustainable underwater communications. This paper studies PAPR in UWA OFDM communications, employing Selective Mapping (SLM) as a tool to mitigate PAPR. The proposed SLM with the oversampling factor method proves to be less complex and more efficient. Simulation results indicate that SLM is a promising PAPR reduction method for UWA OFDM communications reducing BER.

The agriculture sector is the most water-consuming sector. Due to the critical situation of available water resources in Jordan, attention should be paid to the issues of water demand and appropriate irrigation in order to spread the right management ways of modern irrigation to the farmers. The objectives of this paper are to improve the irrigation process and provide irrigation water to the highest possible extent through the use of artificial intelligence to construct a smart irrigation system that controls the irrigation mechanism using the necessary tools for sensing soil moisture and temperature, giving alerts of any change in the parameters entered as the baseline values for comparison, and installing system sensors buried at a depth of 3-5 inches below the roots to measure the moisture content in the soil. The sensors measure the humidity and temperature in the soil every ten minutes. They prevent the automatic irrigation process if the humidity is high, and permit it if the humidity is low. The smart automatic irrigation system model was built using the Decision Tree (DT) algorithm, which is a machine learning algorithm that trains the system on a part of the collected data to build the model that will be used to examine and predict the remaining data. The system had a prediction accuracy of 97.86%, which means that it may be successfully used in providing irrigation water for the agricultural sector.

A digital color image usually has a high resolution, thus its size is good enough and the image can be used as a covering (holding) image to hide secrete messages (short and long). The methods commonly used for data steganography, e.g. LSB and LSB2 are not secure, so in this paper, a method of securing the LSB2 method is proposed. The proposed method is based on wavelet packet decomposition. The levels of decomposition will be kept in secret and one of the resulting segments will be used as a covering segment. MSE, PSNR, hiding time, and extraction time will be experimentally analyzed to prove that the proposed method is capable of handling the process of hiding secret messages, either sort or long.

The current paper aims to analyze the architectural genotype principle that considers the arrangement of spaces as an abstract relational model. The goal is to demonstrate that syntactic measurements show that spatial structures allow messages to be decoded in each dwelling's inner spaces' architecture. The research uses the justified graphic technique for spatial syntax. Twelve detached houses have been randomly selected out of a total of sixty-two contemporary buildings that were built in a subdivision of Setif between 1990 and 2010. The analysis findings showed that the spatial characteristics and properties that constitute the generic rule underlying the studied space can be detected. This research supports the notion that the implementation of the spatial syntax method can aid in the proposition of innovative solutions regarding the design of sustainable housing projects.

Reducing a structure’s self-weight is the main goal and a major challenge for most civil constructions, especially in tall buildings and earthquake-affected buildings. One of the most adopted techniques to reduce the self-weight of concrete structures is applying voids in certain positions through the structure, just like a voided slab or BubbleDeck slab. This research aims to study, experimentally and theoretically, the structural behavior of BubbleDeck reinforced concrete slabs under the effect of harmonic load. Tow-way BubbleDeck slab of 2500mm×2500m×200mm dimensions and uniformly distributed bubbles of 120mm diameter and 160mm spacing c/c was tested experimentally under the effect of harmonic load. Numerical analysis was also performed with the ABAQUS software. The results of the adopted numerical model were in acceptable agreement with the experimental results. The numerical analysis presented by the bubbles distribution effect was carried out for the BubbleDeck two-way slab under the effect of harmonic load through the evaluated numerical model. Two cases were considered in which the distribution kept the critical positions of the slab free from the bubbles. The results proved that bubbles distribution significantly affected the structural behavior.

This study investigates the feasibility of the application of ultrasonic measurement to characterize Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (SFRC). Specifically, the effects of steel fiber content, age, moisture content, and fiber orientation on Ultrasonic-Pulse-Velocity (UPV) were investigated. In this regard, beam and cylindrical samples were fabricated with different steel fiber contents. The result indicated that for beam specimens the UPV increases with the addition of fiber up to 2% and decreases for higher fiber percentages. Additionally, the fiber orientation within the beam specimens influences the UPV measurements. For cylindrical samples, the rate of UPV decreased with the addition of steel fiber reinforcement. In addition, it was discovered that the curing period affects the magnitude of UPV.

Titanium and its alloys give immense specific strength, imparting properties such as corrosion and fracture resistance, making them the right candidate for medical and aerospace applications. There is a wide range of engineering applications that use titanium alloys in a variety of forms. The cost of these alloys is slightly higher in comparison to other variants due to the problematic extraction of the molten process. To reduce costs, titanium alloy products could be made by casting, isothermal forging, radial swaging, or powder metallurgy, although these techniques require some kind of finishing machining process. Titanium and its alloys are difficult to machine due to skinny chips leading to a small cutting tool-workpiece contact area. The thermal conductivity of titanium alloys is too low and the stress produced is too large due to the small contact area, which results in very high cutting temperatures. This paper deals with the experimental study of the influence of the Minimum Quantity Lubricant (MQL) environment in the milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy considering the optimization of surface roughness and production rate. Taguchi-based TOPSIS and ANOVA were used to analyze the results. The experimental results show that MQL with vegetable oil is successfully applied in the milling of Ti-6Al-4V. The research confirms the suitability of TOPSIS in solving the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) issue, by choosing the best alternative at Vc=120m/min, fz=0.065mm/tooth, and ap=0.2mm, where the surface roughness and material removal rate are 0.41µm and 44.1492cm3/min respectively. Besides, ANOVA can be used to predict the best parameters set in the milling process based on the regression model. The parameters predicted by ANOVA analysis do not coincide with any implemented parameters

Logo detection in images and videos is considered a key task for various applications, such as vehicle logo detection for traffic-monitoring systems, copyright infringement detection, and contextual content placement. The main contribution of this work is the application of emerging deep learning techniques to perform brand and logo recognition tasks through the use of multiple modern convolutional neural network models. In this work, pre-trained object detection models are utilized in order to enhance the performance of logo detection tasks when only a portion of labeled training images taken in truthful context is obtainable, evading wide manual classification costs. Superior logo detection results were obtained. In this study, the FlickrLogos-32 dataset was used, which is a common public dataset for logo detection and brand recognition from real-world product images. For model evaluation, the efficiency of creating the model and of its accuracy was considered.

Renewable energy sources are considered a part of the future of energy production in Malaysia. The main objectives of this research are to append a new energy extraction technique that harvests energy from tides and to develop a preliminary design for a tidal energy plant at Kuching Barrage. Knowing the diameter of the turbine, the dimensions of the powerhouse are achieved in conjunction with site conditions. The centerline should be at least below the low water tide so that the tide is at all times guaranteed to be submerged. Based on this, the powerhouse has a 24.61m length, is about 100m in distance across, and its elevation is 36.39m. The construction is located downstream and the centerline habitation at -1.15 and below LSD. The calculated tidal energy plant is comprised of four bulb-type turbines installed at each barrage gate. The bulb-type turbine blades would face the sea site with 11.32m length of the draft tube. This study detailed feasibility study can be implemented.

The increasing complexity of the cryptographic modeling and security simulation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) necessitate fast modeling and simulation security environment. The SystemC language is used in Electronic System Level (ESL) that allows cryptographic models to achieve high security and modeling simulation speed. Yet, the use of SystemC in the security simulation requires modifications of the original code which increases the modeling complexity. The Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) can be used in the cryptographic modeling and security simulations without any code modification. In this paper, a new AES SystemC model using the AOP technique is presented. A functional verification environment is proposed to test the functionality of the AES SystemC AOP model, the impact of AOP on simulation time, and the size of the executable files. The design of the AES model is developed with the weaving of all modules by AspectC++ which is an AOP language. The Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed AES model and the uses of the AOP technique do not have a significant impact on simulation time or on the size of the executable file.

En este artículo se muestra como las restricciones debidas a saturaciones conducen a respuestas inesperadas en sistemas lineales. Se emplea un modelo basado en máquinas de estado finito para la simulación de un sis-tema de primer orden con un controlador proporcional-integral (PI) con saturaciones en la acción de control integral y en el actuador. Las simulaciones permiten observar como dichas saturaciones pueden determinar la existencia de seis diferentes configuraciones para el sistema. Resultados numéricos permiten confirmar que la contribución de cada configuración conduce la dinámica del sistema a una órbita periódica aislada. Este comportamiento es validado con resultados experimentales de un servocontrolador PI para un motor DC con anti-windup en la acción de control integral.

Utilization of heat from gases leaving the waelz process is a promising way to increase its energy efficiency and environmental safety. Taking into account the gas dustiness, the most rational is the use of a loop air heater, which is a multi-pass and multi-section heat exchanger with a complex mixed scheme of coolant movement. In modern conditions, when the methods and means of calculation of such devices are simplified, the task of obtaining improved methods and means of calculation, determining the efficiency and reliability of their work is relevant. Two mathematical models of the process of heat transfer and hydroaerodynamics in a multi-pass tubular air heater with a cross-circuit of coolants are used. The developed models for the loop air heater are based on the main methods of thermal calculation: a simpler method of correction factor to the average logarithmic temperature pressure and a discrete P-NTU method, which allows obtaining local thermal characteristics of the surface. Diagrams of distribution of heat transfer coefficients, heat transfer, local temperatures of flue gases, air and pipe walls are constructed. The influence of dust and dust particle size on heat transfer is determined. When the flue gas dust is 50g/Nm3and with a dust particle size of 1μm, the heat transfer coefficient increases by 12%. The application of the air heater design with different schemes of coolant movement is substantiated. The developed universal methods allow determining the thermal productivity of heat exchangers and obtaining the distribution of local temperature characteristics on the heating surface. It is also possible to identify places of possible overheating of the heat exchange surface and the course of corrosion processes, taking into account the design of recuperators, operating conditions, operating modes and different schemes of coolant movement

The development of technology has increased the need for composite materials, where the technology of composite materials with naturalfiberreinforcement is growing.The existence of naturalfiberis very abundant, and it has not been fully utilized. Until now, the use ofcoconutfiberwas still limited to the furniture and household handicraft industries.Coconutcoirfiberhas the potential as a raw material for composite materials. The lack ofstrengthof the bonds is due to the hydrophobicfiber, and thefibersurfaceis less rough, and dirty. This study evaluates the coirsurfacecharacteristic of thefiberand its bounding with the polyester matrix after being treated bylimestonewater. The scanning electron microscope was used for observingfibersurfaces andsurfacematrix.Thewettabilitytest to observefibersurfaceenergy was performed.Interfaceshearstrengthto evaluate the bonds between fibers and matrix was determined.Coconutcoir fibers were immersed inlimestonewater, with a 5% percentage oflimestoneand time variations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20hours. The scanning microscope electron observations of fibers show that thefibersurfacetends to be clean, rough, and grooved. The highestsurfaceenergy was obtained at 40.74mN/m during thelimestonewaterimmersion for 8hours. The highest value of theinterfaceshearstrengthbetween thefiberand the matrix is 3.80MPa during 8-hour immersion, 0, 4, 12, 16, and 20-hour immersion, respectively, 3.02, 3.09, 3.52, 3.47, and 4.40MPa. The results showed that coirfiberwithlimestonewaterimmersion for 8hours had a clean, rough, and groovedsurfaceso that the bond between thefiberand matrix was better. This research shows thatlimestonewatercan be used as afibertreatmentmedium whichwasnatural

The object of research in science and technology valleys and technology incubators, which for governments are the best investment of the scientific energies of scientists and innovators. As they are a link between research institutions and the industrial and service sectors, and as they transfer ideas and research results to different markets. This research aims to highlight the importance of Localization science and technology valleys and technological incubators related to nuclear activities, as they are one of the important tributaries to support the owners of the ideas of ambitious nuclear projects. The research also aims to shed light on the problems and obstacles that hinder the achievement of the desired goals of nuclear activities, such as: – the lack of information in the fields related to it; – the scarcity of expertise needed to implement it; – the lack of funding; – the absence of investors in this highly specific «nuclear» sector. The research presents the extent of the possibility of Localization those nuclear activities in Egypt through establishment valleys and incubators so that through this Localization there is an integrated environment of services and support that will ensure their development, raise their growth rates, and increase their efficiency. It is will lead to an increase in the chances of their success and sustainability, especially since Nuclear technology is used in many fields of industry, medicine, and agriculture. The research highlight the provisions of Egyptian Law regarding science, technology, and innovation incentives, as well as Egyptian Law establishing the Innovators Care Fund, to determine the possibility of establishing these valleys and incubators through the provisions of Egyptian legislation. Obtained results will have reached a great impact in encouraging investors and financiers to enter into technological partnerships with nuclear agencies in Egypt for the sake of safe investment in the elements associated with nuclear materials., Об'єктом дослідження є науково-технічні долини та технологічні інкубатори, які для урядів є найкращим вкладенням наукової енергії вчених і новаторів. Оскільки вони є сполучною ланкою між дослідницькими установами та промисловим сектором, і сектором послуг, а також передають ідеї та результати досліджень на різні ринки. Це дослідження спрямоване на те, щоб підкреслити важливість локалізації науково-технічних долин і технологічних інкубаторів, пов'язаних з ядерною діяльністю, оскільки вони є одним з важливих джерел підтримки власників ідей амбітних ядерних проектів. Дослідження також направлено на те, щоб пролити світло на проблеми та загрози, які перешкоджають досягненню бажаних цілей ядерної діяльності, такі як: – відсутність інформації в областях, пов'язаних з нею; – брак досвіду, необхідного для його реалізації; – відсутність фінансування; – відсутність інвесторів в цьому вузькоспеціалізованому «атомному» секторі. У дослідженні представлена можливість локалізації цієї ядерної діяльності в Єгипті за допомогою створення долин і інкубаторів, щоб щоб завдяки цій локалізації була інтегрована середовище послуг та підтримки, що забезпечить їх розвиток, підвищить темпи їх зростання, а також їх ефективність. Це призведе до збільшення їх шансів на успіх і стійкість, особливо з урахуванням того, що ядерні технології використовуються в багатьох галузях промисловості, медицини та сільського господарства. У дослідженні висвітлюються положення єгипетського законодавства, що стосуються стимулів в науці, технологіях і інноваціях, а також єгипетського закону про заснування Фонду допомоги новаторам, щоб визначити можливість створення цих долин та інкубаторів відповідно до положень єгипетського законодавства. Отримані результати нададуть великий вплив на заохочення інвесторів і фінансистів до вступу в технологічне партнерство з ядерними агентствами в Єгипті заради безпечних інвестицій в елементи, пов'язані з ядерними матеріалами., Об'єктом дослідження є науково-технічні долини та технологічні інкубатори, які для урядів є найкращим вкладенням наукової енергії вчених і новаторів. Оскільки вони є сполучною ланкою між дослідницькими установами та промисловим сектором, і сектором послуг, а також передають ідеї та результати досліджень на різні ринки. Це дослідження спрямоване на те, щоб підкреслити важливість локалізації науково-технічних долин і технологічних інкубаторів, пов'язаних з ядерною діяльністю, оскільки вони є одним з важливих джерел підтримки власників ідей амбітних ядерних проектів. Дослідження також направлено на те, щоб пролити світло на проблеми та загрози, які перешкоджають досягненню бажаних цілей ядерної діяльності, такі як: – відсутність інформації в областях, пов'язаних з нею; – брак досвіду, необхідного для його реалізації; – відсутність фінансування; – відсутність інвесторів в цьому вузькоспеціалізованому «атомному» секторі. У дослідженні представлена можливість локалізації цієї ядерної діяльності в Єгипті за допомогою створення долин і інкубаторів, щоб завдяки цій локалізації було інтегровано середовище послуг та підтримки, що забезпечить їх розвиток, підвищить темпи їх зростання, а також їх ефективність. Це призведе до збільшення їх шансів на успіх і стійкість, особливо з урахуванням того, що ядерні технології використовуються в багатьох галузях промисловості, медицини та сільського господарства. У дослідженні висвітлюються положення єгипетського законодавства, що стосуються стимулів в науці, технологіях і інноваціях, а також єгипетського закону про заснування Фонду допомоги новаторам, щоб визначити можливість створення цих долин та інкубаторів відповідно до положень єгипетського законодавства. Отримані результати нададуть великий вплив на заохочення інвесторів і фінансистів до вступу в технологічне партнерство з ядерними агентствами в Єгипті заради безпечних інвестицій в елементи, пов'язані з ядерними матеріалами.

A revolutionary change to public-key cryptography can be considered as an Identity Based Cryptography (IBC) in which identity of the receiver is being used as a public key for encrypting a message and Key Generation Centre (KGC). IBC will generate and distribute the private key to each user to decrypt a message. The thought behind presenting the scheme was to improve and reduce the complexity of certificate and key management, but it also gives rise to key escrow problem, access to encrypted information to unauthorized users. The paper represents Improved Identity-Based Encryption Scheme (IIBES) for Domain Name System (DNS) security which provides confidentiality and authentication through modified identity based encryption and identity based digital signatures. The IIBES comprises key revocation mechanism for non-revoked users and also eliminates key escrow problem. Thus, the IIBES aids to implement the identity-based cryptography more safely in reality and protects DNS against cache poisoning, spoofing attack and masquerade attack. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01259 Full Text: PDF

The nutritional value of food is one of the most important factors that determine the health of the population. In the macaroni market, dietary and functional products, fortified macaroni products and products of high nutritional value occupy a small segment that does not exceed 1%. In this regard, the development of an assortment of pasta with increased nutritional value, with a directionally changed chemical composition, is relevant. In the pasta industry, an increase in the nutritional and biological value of products is achieved through the introduction of non-traditional types of raw materials and special food additives into the recipe. To reduce the deteriorating effect of corn and amaranth flour on the pasta properties of flour from durum wheat, ionized water was used with a concentration of ions of 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000units/cm3 and ozone of 2mg/l. It was found that ionized water has a positive effect on the properties of gluten and the quality of pasta with the addition of corn and amaranth flour. It was determined that the best quality of pasta is achieved when using ionized water with an ion concentration of 3,000units/cm3 and ozone 2mg/l and at dosages of amaranth flour 17.5%, corn flour – 20% to pasta flour. Summing up the results of the experimental study, the amount of prescription components for the production of pasta with high nutritional and biological value was optimized, Пищевая ценность продуктов питания является одним из важнейших факторов, определяющих здоровье населения. На рынке макарон диетические и функциональные продукты, обогащенные макаронные изделия и продукты с высокой пищевой ценностью занимают небольшой сегмент, не превышающий 1 %. В связи с этим актуальной является разработка ассортимента макаронных изделий с повышенной пищевой ценностью с направленным изменением химического состава. В макаронной промышленности повышение пищевой и биологической ценности продуктов достигается за счет введения в рецептуру нетрадиционных видов сырья и специальных пищевых добавок. Для снижения негатиного влияния кукурузной и амарантовой муки на свойства макарон из муки из твердых сортов пшеницы использовали ионизированную воду с концентрацией ионов 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 ед/см3 и озона 2 мг/л. Установлено, что ионизированная вода положительно влияет на свойства клейковины и качество макаронных изделий с добавлением кукурузной и амарантовой муки. Выявлено, что наилучшее качество макаронных изделий достигается при использовании ионизированной воды с концентрацией ионов 3000 ед/см3 и озона 2 мг/л и при добавлении амарантовой муки 17,5%, кукурузной муки 20% к макаронной муке. По результатам экспериментального исследования было оптимизировано количество рецептурных компонентов для производства макарон с высокой пищевой и биологической ценностью, Харчова цінність продуктів харчування є одним з найважливіших факторів, що визначають здоров'я населення. На ринку макаронів дієтичні та функціональні продукти, збагачені макаронні вироби та продукти з високою харчовою цінністю займають невеликий сегмент, що не перевищує 1%. У зв'язку з цим актуальною є розробка асортименту макаронних виробів з підвищеною харчовою цінністю з спрямованою зміною хімічного складу. У макаронній промисловості підвищення харчової та біологічної цінності продуктів досягається за рахунок введення в рецептуру нетрадиційних видів сировини і спеціальних харчових добавок. Для зниження негатиного впливу кукурудзяного і амарантового борошна на властивості макаронів з борошна з твердих сортів пшениці використовували іонізовану воду з концентрацією іонів 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000од/см3 і озону 2мг/л. Встановлено, що іонізована вода позитивно впливає на властивості клейковини і якість макаронних виробів з додаванням кукурудзяного і амарантового борошна. Виявлено, що найкраща якість макаронних виробів досягається при використанні іонізованої води з концентрацією іонів 3000 од/см3 і озону 2мг/л і при додаванні амарантового борошна 17,5%, кукурудзяного борошна 20% до макаронного борошна. За результатами експериментального дослідження було оптимізовано кількість рецептурних компонентів для виробництва макаронів з високою харчовою та біологічною цінністю

The quality of reception, as well as the processing and demodulation of the input signal in the telecommunication systems' networks, are closely related to the quality indicators in the functioning of one of the subsystems of these networks, namely a phase synchronization system. This work has directly considered the issues related to improving the performance and reducing the transitional component of the phase error generated by transition processes in the combined synchronization system. A mathematical model has been built that makes it possible to synthesize a disrupted link in the synchronization system of a telecommunication network meeting the condition for a decrease in the transitional component of the phase error. It is shown that a simple disrupted link, synthesized under the condition of suppressing a slow-fading transition component, makes it possible to shorten the time of the transition process in the system while maintaining the initial order of astatism. When a complex link is synthesized, the transition process becomes oscillatory. It was established that under the conditions of a phase jump or a frequency jump, it is possible to improve the dynamics of the system and reduce the transitional component of the phase error variance by making the parameters for the disrupted communication link influence the roots of the characteristic equation of the transition process. The features in synthesizing disrupted communication have been considered for the intervals of movement corresponding to areas with the positive and negative inclination of the phase discriminator's static characteristic. Such conditions have been devised that make it possible to determine the value and sign of the root in the characteristic equation of the transition process, which is introduced by the parameter of a disrupted communication link separately for areas of the stable and non-steady movement of the phase discriminator's static characteristic. The reported mathematical model of disrupted link synthesis has made it possible to derive reference results. They indicated that in order to suppress the slowly fading component of the phase error characteristic equation to "0", it is necessary to provide for a significant advantage, up to 10 times, of the roots introduced by the disrupted communication link over the roots of the specified component. By changing the value for a disrupted communication parameter, one can significantly, up to 5times or larger, shorten the time of the transition process in the combined synchronization system at a simultaneous decrease of 18‒25% in the initial value of the transition error

The presented paper deals with a comprehensive interpretation of the term neuromarketing, as a discipline that applies neuroscientific methods to analyze and to understand human behavior in relation to markets and market exchanges. Due to the topic, this paper presents mainly secondary data, next the questionnaire is used. We state that neuromarketing is a discipline that applies neuroscientific methods to analyze and to understand human behavior in relation to the markets and market exchanges. Each of the neuromarketing techniques measures different data and suits different purposes, with a combination of the most reliable results. The interest in the theoretical research of neuromarketing focuses on the consumer decision-making process. One of the main benefits of neuromarketing is the potential to measure accurate, objective data that can be used to make informed decisions in management practice. However, it is currently only a complement to other areas of marketing and will be beneficial if it is used to obtain otherwise inaccessible data. We are convinced that the existence of the Neuromarketing Center in the ITI of the Olomouc agglomeration will be a significant contribution to the development of the neuromarketing theory. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01256 Full Text: PDF

Few physical models of oral and laryngeal systems for human speech movement exist for computer or mechanical simulators. In particular, a robot tongue mechanism that fully reproduces the deformation motion of the human tongue is lacking. The human tongue is an aggregate of muscles that is devoid of a skeleton. It possesses only a small hyoid. A mechanism that can drive and control the deformation of a soft body, such as the human tongue, along multiple degrees of freedom has not been realized to date. To solve this problem, a wire-pulling mechanism with embedded soft tubes is proposed. Using this mechanism, a flexible tongue that can be deformed along multiple degrees of freedom without breaking the wire is achieved. A prototype planar mechanism with two degrees of freedom that is capable of contraction and bending was fabricated. A deformation model that assumes a piecewise constant curvature (PCC) was formulated. Deformation tests confirmed that the prototype is capable of contraction and bending movements that are consistent with those of the model. Variations in the error with respect to the hardness of the deformable part are discussed, and the limits of the deformation model based on the PCC assumption are presented.

This article proposes an algorithm to describe the motion of a body in the atmosphere using the added mass. Attached mass is the property of a medium to form additional mass, as I assume with a relativistic denominator at the speed of sound instead of the speed of light. Newton’s second law for added mass assumes two terms with the same speed, one is relativistic at the speed of light, and the other is attached mass with a relativistic denominator at the speed of sound. The use of a relativistic denominator with the speed of sound is a new idea that allows, according to well-known formulas with added mass, which is valid at low speeds of a body, to describe

Generalization of the results of theoretical and practical research in the production of beer showed that the rise in prices for cereals, and in particular for barley, leads to an increase in the price of malt and, accordingly, an increase in the cost of the final product – beer. In this regard, modern brewers face the acute problem of a shortage of high-quality raw materials for beer production, as well as high competition in the consumer market. The need for inexpensive raw materials for brewing beer has grown significantly. Along with malt substitutes, a new product has appeared on the brewing commodity market – triticale. It surpasses barley in terms of the total amount of extract and other chemical indicators, so the use of this culture as a raw material for the production of brewing malt is a promising direction in brewing. In this work, we selected the optimal modes of malting grain triticale varieties “Balausa 8” to a moisture content of 40%, 42% and 44% and germination for 3, 4 and 5days at temperatures of 14°C, 16°C and 18°C. Based on experimental studies, it has been found that 16°C should be considered the optimal temperature for soaking triticale grains to a moisture content of 44%. In the studies, the optimal mode of malting was experimentally determined for 5days at a temperature of 16°C, which made it possible to ensure the maximum accumulation of hydrolytic enzymes. Accelerated synthesis of amylases (217.99units) occurs due to an increase in the rate of diffusion of gibberellin-like substances to the cells of the aleurone layer. The maximum accumulation of amylolytic enzymes is observed already on the 5thday of malting, which shortens this process by 2days in the production of malt using classical technology

A significant problem in the control field is the adjustment of PID controller parameters. Because of its high nonlinearity property, control of the DC motor system is difficult and mathematically repetitive. The particle swarm optimization PSO solution is a great optimization technique and a promising approach to address the problem of optimum PID controller results. In this paper, a modified particle swarm optimization PSO method with four inertia weight functions is suggested to find the global optimum parameters of the PID controller for speed and position control of the DC motor. Benchmark studies of inertia weight functions are described. Two scenarios have been suggested in order to modify PSO including the first scenario called M1-PSO and the second scenario called M2-PSO, as well as classical PSO algorithms. For the first scenario, the modification of the PSO was done based on changing the four inertia weight functions, social and personal acceleration coefficient, while in the second scenario, the four inertia weight functions have been changed but the social and personal acceleration coefficient stayed constant during the algorithm implementation. The comparison between the presented scenarios and traditional PID was carried out and satisfied simulation results have shown that the first scenario has rapid search speeds, and very effective and fast implementation compared to the second scenario and classical PSO and even improved PSO technique. Moreover, the proposed approach has a fast searching speed compared to classical PSO. However, it has been found that the classical PSO algorithm has a premature, inaccurate and local convergence process when solving complex optimization issues. The presented algorithm is proposed to increase the search speed of the original PSO.

The object of research ischildren’s spelled biscuits Holle (Germany) and Belgian children’s biscuits with pieces of Fleur Alpine chocolate (Belgium). Consumers often buy organic-branded traditional food products through unfair advertising and labeling violations. Due to the fact that organic products are often the subject of counterfeiting, quality expertise is especially important. Also, thanks to the conformity assessment of the labeling given in the work, it is possible to establish whether the product is really organic. The labeling of biscuits was analyzed for compliance with the Law of Ukraine «On Organic Production» and the Law of Ukraine «On Information for Food Consumers». The study showed that the labeling complies with legal requirements in both samples. It was also found that both samples of biscuits meet the requirements of regulatory documents for organoleptic indicators. Organoleptic characteristics were tested: shape, surface, color, taste and smell, appearance in the fault. The tasting assessment was carried out according to a 45-point scale developed by the authors. The total number of points in the tasting score, taking into accounts the weight factor, for Fleur Alpine biscuits was 39.96, which corresponds to a quality level of 0.88; and Holle biscuits – 44, with a quality level of 0.97. Both samples meet the requirements of regulatory documents for such physicochemical indicators as humidity, alkalinity and moisture content. The moisture content of the biscuits was determined in an accelerated manner in an oven. Wetness was determined by the ratio of the weight of the items after wetting to the weight of the dry items. Alkalinity was determined by titration of the product filtrate. The moisture content for Fleur Alpine biscuits was 9.3% and for Holle biscuits it was 8.0%. The alkalinity was 1.6 and 1.4 degrees, respectively, and the wetness was also within the normal range with values of 120 and 110%. The results indicate the quality of the studied samples in terms of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators.

The study results have made it possible to devise a methodology for the formation and adjustment of the Defense Forces Capabilities Catalog using cluster analysis and the developed tree-like system of basic indicators characterizing groups and subgroups (clusters). That enables stakeholders to form and adjust the Defense Force Capabilities Catalog with the proper quality, according to the uniform developed algorithm and defined identifiers (features). The methodology is intended for use by members of the Inter-Departmental Working Group on Defense Review, as well as working groups in the course of a separate review or capacity assessment. The Defense Force Capabilities Catalog was deconstructed into five levels of hierarchy, each of which contains interdependent typical tasks, organizational structures, and means (systems, complexes). The procedure is to analyze and clearly cluster individual capabilities of the defense forces according to certain features (requirements, characteristics) to group them and include them in the relevant groups, subgroups, and functional capabilities groups. A system of the indicators for the formation and adjustment of the Defense Forces Capabilities Catalog has been proposed, as well as a conformity criterion based on the generalized indicator, which defines the level of formation (adjustment) of the Defense Forces Capabilities Catalog. Seven steps of the procedure have been defined: from identifying individual capabilities based on their description (step1) to verifying the acceptability of the results obtained (step7) using the evaluation criterion and specially designed tables. The methodology was tested during a passive experiment in 2020 on the analysis of the current Defense Forces Capabilities Catalog, which made it possible to identify a series of significant shortcomings in its structure and content.

A method of adaptive control of military radio network parameters has been developed. This method allows predicting suppressed frequencies by electronic warfare devices, determining the topology of the military radio network. Also, this method allows determining rational routes of information transmission and operating mode of radio communications. Forecasting of the electronic environment is characterized by recirculation of input data for one count, resampling on a logarithmic time scale, finding a forecast for the maximum value of entropy and resampling the forecast on the exponential time scale. The developed method allows choosing a rational network topology. The choice of topology of the military radio communication system is based on the method of ant multi-colony system. The main idea of the new option of ant colony optimization is that instead of one colony of the traditional ant algorithm several colonies are used that work together in a common search space. However, this procedure additionally takes into account the type of a priori uncertainty and the evaporation coefficient of the pheromone level. The proposed method allows choosing a rational route for information transmission. The proposed procedure is based on an improved DSR algorithm. This method uses several operating modes of radio communications, namely the technology of multi-antenna systems with noise-like signals, with pseudo-random adjustment of the operating frequency and with orthogonal frequency multiplexing. The developed method provides a gain of 10‒16 % compared to conventional management approaches

This paper presents demo program for teaching random variables dedicated to demonstration and visualization of behaviour of the product of m independent uniform random variables. The demo is used as a complementary tool in the teaching Random signals and processes curriculum at the graduate level. The demo is made in MATLAB and utilizes all benefits provided by MATLAB, such as simplicity, and good graphic environment, interactive use, among others. Additionally, this demo is used with other demo programs, also made in MATLAB, in teaching/learning process of random variables. Students were very satisfied with this demo program expressing that helped them understanding better the behaviour of the product of uniform random variables.

The object of research is gas condensate fields at a late stage of their development under conditions of a decrease in reservoir pressure below the pressure of condensate separation from a gaseous state. Reservoir losses of condensate during the development of deposits in depletion mode can reach 78%, which entails the need to use various methods of stimulating the reservoir system to remove it. The most acceptable method is the use of a cycling process by re-injection (recirculation) of the produced and separated gas into the formation. A significant disadvantage of the cycling process is the long-term conservation of gas reserves as a result of its re-injection into the reservoir and significant capital and operating costs for dry gas injection. From a technological point of view, the use of the cycling process is constrained by the low value of the sweep efficiency. Dry gas that is injected has a lower viscosity in terms of the gas-condensate mixture is withdrawn from the reservoir, and under the conditions of the heterogeneous structure of the reservoir, its rapid breakthrough from injection to production wells takes place and, as a result, a decrease in the efficiency of condensate recovery. As an alternative to the cycling process for extracting retrograde condensate from the reservoir, it has been proposed to squeeze it out with water. The paper proposes a unified waterflooding system, actually displacing condensate with water or a gas-water mixture. This is achieved by controlled operation of injection and production wells. First, gas is taken from the wells, and with the appearance of water in the product, methods of intensifying the transfer to the surface are used. If necessary, the wells are switched to forced production mode. The results of laboratory studies carried out on real samples of core material from the Andriyashivske gas condensate field (Ukraine) are presented. The directions of the implementation of gas-water repression in gas condensate fields with the parallel use of restrained reservoir gas available in the reservoir are substantiated. The technology allows to extract up to 50% of the condensate dropped out in the reservoir.

Drone imaging has been shown to have increasing value in monitoring and analysing different kinds of processes related to agriculture and forestry. In long-term monitoring and observation tasks, huge amounts of image data are produced and stored. Environmental drone image datasets may have value beyond the studies that produced the data. A collection of image datasets from multiple data producers can, for example, provide more diverse training input for a machine learning model for vegetation classification, compared with a single dataset limited in time and location. To ensure reproducible research, research data such as image datasets should be published in usable and undegraded form, with sufficient metadata. Timely storage in a stable research data repository is recommended, to avoid loss of data. This work presents research datasets of 2020 drone images acquired from agricultural and forestry research sites of Häme University of Applied Sciences, and from Hämeenlinna urban areas. Those images that do not contain personal data are made freely available under a Creative Commons Attribution license. For images containing personal data, such as images of private homes, privacy-preserving forms of data sharing may be possible in the future. publishedVersion

The object of research is the equivalent circuit of an impulse current generator designed for testing surge arresters. Calculation of the impulse current generator parameters when discharging a capacitor bank to a complex nonlinear load is a difficult task for an analytical solution. Until now, the application of surge arrester frequency-dependent models was limited to the problems of overvoltage computation. Surge arrester frequency-dependent models can predict the residual voltage with high accuracy. This is the reason to consider that surge arrester frequency-dependent models can be used for calculating the main parameters of impulse current generators designed for physical testing of surge arresters. The task of determining the equivalent circuit parameters required for getting a discharge current of a given waveform and amplitude in an impulse current generator scheme with a nonlinear load was solved using circuit simulation. This article presents the results of studying the processes in impulse current generator equivalent circuit. In the circuit a dynamic model of a surge arrester is used as the load model. For this, an equivalent circuit for the discharge path of the impulse current generator was drawn up. The parameters of the circuit elements (including the required number of capacitors and their charging voltage) are determined, which are necessary for getting a discharge current of a given standardized waveform and amplitude. The parameters of the discharge path are determined for surge arresters of three different voltage classes. It was found that the relative error when determining the residual voltage between the terminals of the surge arrester model does not exceed 3%. The work contributes to the further development of circuit simulation of surge arresters and the expansion of the scope of surge arrester dynamic models. As a result of the research performed, the possibility of using surge arrester frequency-dependent models for determining the discharge current waveform in impulse current generators is shown. The research performed is relevant due to the fact that surge arresters have become a main tool for protecting the insulation of electrical network equipment against external and internal overvoltages.

In medicine, it is well known that healthy individuals have different physical and mental characteristics. Ancient Indian medicine, Ayurveda and the Persian-Arabic traditional Unani medicine has two distinct approaches for the classification of human subjects according to their temperaments. The individual temperament is an important foundation for personalized medicine, which can help in the prevention and treatment of many diseases including COVID-19. This paper attempts to explore the relationship of the utmost important concepts of these systems called individual temperament named as Prakruti in Ayurveda and Mizaj in Unani practice using mathematical modelling. The results of mathematical modelling can be adopted expediently for the development of algorithms that can be applied in medical informatics. For this, a significant literature review has been carried out. Based on the previous researchers' reviews the essential parameters have been identified for making the relationship and hypothesis were framed. The mathematical modelling was adopted to propose the existence of the relationship between the parameters of such an ancient and rich medicine systems. The hypotheses are validated through the mathematic driven model. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01258 Full Text: PDF

This paper proposes a method to solve a mathematical programming problem under the conditions of uncertainty in the original data. The structural basis of the proposed method for solving optimization problems under the conditions of uncertainty is the function of criterion value distribution, which depends on the type of uncertainty and the values of the problem’s uncertain variables. In the case where independent variables are random values, this function then is the conventional theoretical-probabilistic density of the distribution of the random criterion value; if the variables are fuzzy numbers, it is then a membership function of the fuzzy criterion value. The proposed method, for the case where uncertainty is described in the terms of a fuzzy set theory, is implemented using the following two-step procedure. In the first stage, using the membership functions of the fuzzy values of criterion parameters, the values for these parameters are set to be equal to the modal, which are fitted in the analytical expression for the objective function. The resulting deterministic problem is solved. The second stage implies solving the problem by minimizing the comprehensive criterion, which is built as follows. By using an analytical expression for the objective function, as well as the membership function of the problem’s fuzzy parameters, applying the rules for operations over fuzzy numbers, one finds a membership function of the criterion’s fuzzy value. Next, one calculates a measure of the compactness of the resulting membership function of the fuzzy value of the problem’s objective function whose numerical value defines the first component of the integrated criterion. The second component is the rate of deviation of the desired solution to the problem from the previously received modal one. Absolutely similarly designed is the computational procedure for the case where uncertainty is described in the terms of a probability theory. Thus, the proposed method for solving optimization problems is universal in relation to the nature of the uncertainty in the original data. An important advantage of the proposed method is the ability to use it when solving any problem of mathematical programming under the conditions of fuzzily assigned original data, regardless of its nature, structure, and type

The implementation of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technology is expected to significantly improve road safety and traffic efficiency. One of the key components of ITS is precise vehicle positioning. Positioning with decimetre to sub-metre accuracy is a fundamental capability for self-driving, and other automated applications. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an attractive positioning approach for ITS due to its relatively low-cost and flexibility. However, GNSS PPP is vulnerable to several effects, especially those caused by the challenging urban environments, where the ITS technology is most likely needed. To meet the high integrity requirements of ITS applications, it is necessary to carefully analyse potential faults and failures of PPP and to study relevant integrity monitoring methods. In this paper an overview of vulnerabilities of GNSS PPP is presented to identify the faults that need to be monitored when developing PPP integrity monitoring methods. These vulnerabilities are categorised into different groups according to their impact and error sources to assist integrity fault analysis, which is demonstrated with Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) methods. The main vulnerabilities are discussed in detail, along with their causes, characteristics, impact on users, and related mitigation methods. In addition, research on integrity monitoring methods used for accounting for the threats and faults in PPP for ITS applications is briefly reviewed. Both system-level (network-end) and user-level (user-end) integrity monitoring approaches for PPP are briefly discussed, focusing on their development and the challenges in urban scenarios. Some open issues, on which further efforts should focus, are also identified.

Innovation training in engineering is an important facet of technical education in universities across China. Robotics training is a new course that has been developed using an informatization-based engineering training system at the Engineering Innovation Practice Center of the Harbin Institute of Technology. In this study, we propose a pedagogical method that combines virtual and on-site modes of teaching. Feedback obtained from students enrolled in the course showed a positive response to it. They claimed that they gained valuable knowledge from it that enabled them to carry out the relevant tasks in a better manner and more quickly. The feasibility of the proposed scheme was verified by a virtual simulation.

Teaching research methodology is one of the core components of various degree programs. Scholarship around teaching research methodology is beginning to grow with most work concentrated in Social Work, Health, Social Science, and limited work in the area computing education. This paper presents a reflection on adopting a student centred approach towards teaching research methodology course to three different groups of fourth level university students. In this paper the strategies for facilitating deep learning in teaching research methods and research methods in the Information Systems domain will be discussed. In addition, reflections on the use of a student centred approach, student experiences and strategies used. The experiences and strategies relate to facilitating deep learning. The experiences are focused on topic identification, conducting, and writing up the literature reviews, developing an understanding of the research methodology inclusive of data analysis and presenting the research report. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01255 Full Text: PDF

Probabilistic localization based on Bayesian theory has been researched as a sensor fusion method to improve the robustness of localization. Pieces of position information, generated by sensors’ observation models with consideration for noises, are fused according to Bayesian theory. However, having large noises not considered in their observation models, the sensors output erroneous position information; thus, the fusion result has a significant error, even when the other sensors output correct ones. In this research, we have proposed a sensor fusion system with a relative correlation checking test to realize robust localization. Pieces of erroneous position information, biased against others and having a negative correlation with others, are detected and excluded in our proposed system by checking their correlation between all of them. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the robustness of our fusion system by conducting recursive localization experiments in various environments.