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Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor associated with increased mortality. The intake of plant food-derived bioactive compounds is associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects, including decreased blood lipid levels and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels by analyzing relevant randomized controlled trials., Methods: We searched the PubMed and Embase databases using the "Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes" format to determine whether anthocyanin supplementation intervention affected blood lipid levels compared with placebo supplementation in human participants., Results: A total of 41 studies with 2,788 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Anthocyanin supplementation significantly reduced triglyceride [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.18, -0.01) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI -0.26, -0.07) levels and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI 0.20, 0.65)., Discussion: Anthocyanin supplementation significantly improved blood lipid component levels in the included studies. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to further investigate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels and the safety of anthocyanin supplementation for treating dyslipidemia., Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021257087, identifier: CRD42021257087., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Jang, Hwang and Lee.)

Old world vultures are the most threatened group of raptors globally. Supplementary feeding sites (SFS) are a popular conservation tool, widely used to assist vulture populations. Despite their popularity, the impact of SFS on vultures remains largely unstudied. A lack of knowledge on the number, distribution and management of SFS is a key factor hindering such research. In this study, we compile records of SFS in South Africa and conduct questionnaires with SFS managers to characterize SFS. We identify 143 currently active SFS. Our data suggest that SFS numbers have been stable over the last decade. The average provisioning rate for all SFS was 64.6 kg day(-1). Overall SFS provide an estimated 3301 tonnes of food to scavengers each year, the equivalent of 83% of the energetic needs of all vultures in the region. This contribution was highly skewed, however, with just 17% of active SFS sites providing 69% of all food. Furthermore, these resources were not equally distributed, with SFS in Limpopo, North West and Kwazulu-Natal provinces providing 83% of the total meat provisioned. The three most common meat types provided at SFS were beef (39%), pork (33%) and game (19%). Worryingly, we found that 68% and 28% of SFS managers were unaware of the potential harmful effects of lead and veterinary drugs, respectively, which highlights potential poisoning risks associated with SFS. Examining exposure to SFS by different vulture species, we found that whilst SFS are accessible across the distribution range of vultures with large home ranges (e.g. African white-backed and Cape vultures), those species with smaller home ranges have relatively poor accessibility. With this study, we demonstrate the potential importance, but also associated risks, of SFS to vultures in South Africa, and provide the information base to assess the impacts of this popular but as yet largely unassessed conservation tool.

In a woman's life, there are several different phases, among which the most outstanding is the gestational phase. During this period, your body goes through several transformations that require some special care. Among these precautions, supplementation with folic acid and ferrous sulfate stand out, as they are essential nutrients in the formation of the fetal neural tube and for reducing any risk of anemia during pregnancy. But according to the survey, some pregnant women are not fully aware of the benefits that this supplementation guarantees them and the fetus. Given the above, the research aims to assess the perception and practice of using folic acid and ferrous sulfate supplementation among pregnant women. This is a qualitative approach research. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, applied to pregnant women in Family Health Units, in the city of Redenção-PA, with 25 pregnant women and mothers aged between 20 and 35 years old being interviewed. Based on the results, it was possible to observe and identify that the practice of supplementation intake involves complex issues, such as financial conditions, free availability of medicines in health units, clarity on the importance of use and quality prenatal care. It is concluded that inadequate communication between health professionals and pregnant women who do not have information and clarity and do not seek this information can negatively influence the gestational period. En la vida de una mujer hay varias fases diferentes, entre ellas la más especial es la gestacional. Durante este período, su cuerpo pasa por varias transformaciones que requieren un cuidado especial. Entre estas precauciones, la suplementación con ácido fólico y sulfato ferroso, ya que son nutrientes esenciales en la formación del tubo neural fetal y reducen cualquier riesgo de anemia durante el embarazo. Pero según la encuesta, algunas mujeres embarazadas no son del todo conscientes de los beneficios que esta suplementación les garantiza a ellas y al feto. Dado lo anterior, la investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la percepción y práctica del uso de suplementos de ácido fólico y sulfato ferroso en mujeres embarazadas. Esta es una investigación de enfoque cualitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado, dirigido a mujeres embarazadas y posparto, vía online, residentes en la ciudad de Redenção-PA, siendo entrevistadas 25 mujeres de entre 20 y 35 años. Con base en los resultados, fue posible observar e identificar que el uso de la suplementación involucra temas complejos, tales como: condiciones económicas, disponibilidad gratuita de medicamentos en las unidades de salud, claridad sobre la importancia del uso y atención prenatal de calidad. Se concluye que la comunicación inadecuada entre los profesionales de la salud y las mujeres embarazadas que no cuentan con información clara en el momento adecuado puede influir negativamente en el período gestacional. Na vida da mulher existem várias fases diferentes, dentre elas a mais especial é a gestacional. Nesse período seu corpo passa por várias transformações que demandam alguns cuidados especiais. Entre esses cuidados, a suplementação com ácido fólico e sulfato ferroso, por serem nutrientes essenciais na formação do tubo neural do feto e por diminuir qualquer risco de anemias durante a gestação. Mas de acordo com a pesquisa algumas gestantes não têm o devido conhecimento dos benefícios que essa suplementação garante a elas e ao feto. Diante do exposto, a pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a percepção e prática de uso da suplementação de ácido fólico e sulfato ferroso entre as gestantes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um Questionário semiestruturado, direcionado as gestantes e puérperas, via online, residentes no município de Redenção-PA, sendo entrevistadas 25 mulheres com idade entre 20 e 35 anos. A partir dos resultados foi possível observar e identificar que o uso da suplementação envolve questões complexas, como: condições financeiras, disponibilidade gratuita dos medicamentos nas unidades de saúde, clareza na importância do uso e acompanhamento pré-natal de qualidade. Conclui-se que a comunicação inadequada entre os Profissionais da saúde e a Gestante que não possui informações claras no momento propício, podem influenciar negativamente no período gestacional.

The management of obesity and prediabetes, two pathologic states that promote type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases development, is mainly based on lifestyle interventions, including physical activity and diet. In this context, the main objectives of this thesis were to study the effects of different training modalities, including high intensity interval training (HIIT), combined or not with Totum-63 (T63, Valbiotis®), a nutritional supplement based on plant extracts, on total and (intra-)abdominal fat mass loss and glucose homeostasis. Different mechanistic hypotheses to explain these effects were also investigated, particularly the role of gut microbiota. Our results indicate that the HIIT program, combined or not with resistance training, is a safe and effective strategy to promote total and (intra-)abdominal fat mass loss. Moreover, the combination of T63 and HIIT improved glycemic control. Our work also showed a specific modulation of gut microbiota in response to each of these interventions. In conclusion, our results indicate that these innovative management approaches could be proposed to at-risk patients to prevent T2DM and other overweight/obesity-induced metabolic consequences. The direct influence of the gut microbiota in these adaptations remains to be demonstrated., La prise en charge de l’obésité et/ou du pré-diabète, deux états pathologiques favorisant le développement d’un diabète de type 2 (DT2) et l’apparition de maladies cardiovasculaires, repose majoritairement sur des mesures hygiéno-diététiques incluant l’activité physique et l’alimentation. Dans ce cadre, les objectifs principaux de cette thèse étaient d’étudier les effets de plusieurs modalités d’entrainement -dont l’entrainement intermittent de haute-intensité (HIIT)-, associées ou non avec Totum-63 (T63, Valbiotis®), un mélange à base d’extraits végétaux, sur la perte de masse grasse totale et (intra-)abdominale et sur l’équilibre glycémique. Différentes pistes mécanistiques explicitant ces effets ont également été investiguées et en particulier le rôle du microbiote intestinal. Nos résultats indiquent qu’un programme de HIIT combiné ou non à du renforcement musculaire est une stratégie efficace et sans danger pour favoriser une perte de masse grasse totale et (intra-)abdominale. Par ailleurs, la prise concomitante de T63 lors d’un entrainement HIIT s’est révélée positive pour améliorer l’équilibre glycémique. Nos travaux ont également montré une modulation spécifique du microbiote intestinal en réponse à chacune de ces interventions. En conclusion, nos résultats indiquent que ces prises en charge novatrices pourraient être proposées à des patients à risque pour éviter l’apparition du DT2 ou autres conséquences métaboliques liées au surpoids ou à l’obésité. L’influence directe du microbiote dans ces adaptations restent toutefois à démontrer.

Summary Introduction. About 15 million babies are born prematurely annually in the world, 10–11% of all newborns. Their birth rates vary from 5 to 18% in different countries depending on income level and quality of care. Breast milk is the best food for babies, including premature babies, but in some cases it may not fully offset the high demand for some vitamins and minerals. The issue of correction of zinc deficiency, which is clinically associated with a decrease in growth rate, development of dermatitis, impaired immunity, poor wound healing and diarrhea, remains open. The aim. To substantiate the feasibility of correcting the deficiency of minerals and vitamins in preterm infants in the first year of life and to evaluate the impact, safety and efficacy of the drug containing the complex of vitamins and minerals on their growth and psychomotor development, compared with children who received standard nutrition supplementation. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2012–2019. The study cohort included 150 children (boys / girls 74/76), which were divided into three groups: group I - body weight at birth 2499–1500 g (n = 67); Group II - body weight at birth 1499-1000 g (n = 45); Group III - body weight at birth up to 1000 g (n = 38). The study evaluated the health of children, including anthropometric parameters, psychomotor development, and the level of macro- and microelements in whole blood: calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper by atomic absorption spectrometry; manganese - by atomic emission spectrometry. The next stage was a prospective cohort study of the effectiveness and safety of the use of a complex of vitamins and minerals in preterm infants in the first year of life. Criteria for inclusion in the cohort study: birth weight 1500-2499 (low body weight -LBW), presence of growth retardation at the age of six months. Children (n - 38) who corresponded the above criteria were randomly assigned to two subgroups. Subgroup 1 (basic) - 20 children who received standard dietary supplementation and consumed a complex of vitamins and minerals for one month. Subgroup 2 (control) - 18 children receiving standard nutrition supplementation. Results of the study and their discussion. Analysis of the average age of introduction of solid food showed that this indicator was in the subgroup 1 - 6,15 ± 0,65 months, in the subgroup 2 - 6,17 ± 0,69 months (p> 0,05). The average age of prescription for children of subgroup 1 of the complex of vitamins and minerals was 5.95 ± 0.86 months. When examining the children of both subgroups at the age of 12 months, we found a significant positive dynamics of all indicators among the children of the basic subgroup. So growth retardation in subgroup 1 was determined only in 5% (95% CI 0,89-23,61) versus 27,78% (95% CI 12,5-50,87) in subgroup 2. Weight deficit to length (exhaustion) was not detected in subgroup 1 children, but persisted in 11.11% (95% CI 3.10-32.80) of subgroup 2 children. A delayed PMD of more than 1 month at the age of 12 months was observed almost twice as rare among children of subgroup 1 - 35% (95% CI 18,12-56,71) against 66,67% (95% CI 43,75-83,72) among children of subgroup 2. Frequent acute respiratory diseases (more than 5 times a year) were observed in 10% (95% CI 2,79-30,10) of subgroup 1 and 33,33% (95% CI 16,28-56,25) of subgroup 2. Skin rash cues (dermatitis) of different genesis were recorded with significantly lower frequency among children of subgroup 1: 15% (95% CI 5,24-36,04) versus 61,11% (95% CI 38,62- 79,69). In the next step, we evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed treatment regimen by calculating the relative and absolute risk reduction (RRR, ARR) for the detection of growth retardation (GR) in preterm infants born with low body weight (LBW) at 12 months of age. Yes, RRR = 82%, which means that the use of the proposed treatment regimen can reduce the risk of detecting SFR at the age of 12 months by 82%. ARR = 22.78%. The number of people in need of treatment (NNT number needed to be treated) is 4%. That is, in order to prevent at least one case of GR at the age of 12 months among premature infants with LBW at birth, a recommended treatment regimen for at least 4 children with MMT should be prescribed. Conclusions. 1. The study showed that preterm infants who were supplemented with rational nutrition with a complex of vitamins and minerals had significantly better physical and psychomotor development rates at the age of 12 months, compared to children who received standard nutrition adjustments. 2. Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy has shown that the use of a complex of vitamins and minerals will reduce the risk of detection of growth retardation among children with LBW at birth by 82%. 3. The administration of a complex of vitamins and minerals demonstrates high efficiency and complete safety and may be recommended for the administration of 6-8 months of age to premature infants in the first year of life., Резюме Вступление. В мире ежегодно рождаются преждевременно примерно 15 миллионов детей 10-11% всех новорожденных. Частота их рождения в разных странах варьирует в пределах 5-18% в зависимости от уровня дохода и качества медицинской помощи. Материнское молоко является лучшим продуктом питания для детей, в том числе и для недоношенных, однако в некоторых случаях, оно не может в полном объеме компенсировать высокие потребности в некоторых витаминах и минералах. Открытым остается вопрос коррекции дефицита цинка, который клинически ассоциируется со снижением темпов роста, развитием дерматитов, нарушением иммунитета, плохим заживлением ран и диареей. Цель исследования. Обосновать целесообразность проведения коррекции дефицита минералов и витаминов у недоношенных детей первого года жизни и оценить влияние, безопасность и эффективность препарата, который содержит комплекс витаминов и минералов на их физическое и психомоторное развитие, по сравнению с детьми, которые получали стандартную коррекцию питания. Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено в 2012-2019 годах. В когорту исследование было включено 150 детей (мальчики / девочки 74/76), которые были разделены на три группы: I группа - масса тела при рождении 2499-1500 г (n = 67); II группа - масса тела при рождении 1499-1000 г (n = 45); III группа - масса тела при рождении до 1000 г (n = 38). В ходе исследования комплексно оценивалось состояние здоровья детей, включая антропометрические показатели, психомоторное развитие, а также уровень макро- и микроэлементам в цельной крови: кальций, магний, цинк, медь - методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии; марганец - методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии. На следующем этапе проводилось проспективное когортное исследование эффективности и безопасности применения комплекса витаминов и минералов у недоношенных детей первого года жизни. Критерии включения в когортное исследование: масса тела при рождении 1500-2499 (малая масса тела - ММТ), наличие задержки физического развития (ЗФР) в возрасте шести месяцев. Дети (n - 38), соответствующих вышеперечисленным критериям были распределены случайным образом на две подгруппы. Подгруппа 1 (основная) - 20 детей, получавших стандартную коррекцию питания и в течение одного месяца комплекс витаминов и минералов. Подгруппа 2 (контрольная) - 18 детей, получавших стандартную коррекцию питания. Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Анализ среднего возраста введение прикормов показал, что этот показатель составлял в подгруппе 1 - 6,15 ± 0,65 мес, в подгруппе 2 - 6,17 ± 0,69 мес (р> 0,05). Средний возраст назначения детям подгруппы 1 комплекса витаминов и минералов равен 5,95 ± 0,86 мес. При обследовании детей обеих подгрупп в возрасте 12 месяцев мы обнаружили значительную положительную динамику всех показателей среди детей основной подгруппы. Так ЗФР в подгруппе 1 определялась лишь в 5% (95% ДИ 0,89- 23,61) против 27,78% (95% ДИ 12,5-50,87) в подгруппе 2. Дефицит массы к длине (истощение) не был выявлен среди детей подгруппы 1, но сохранялся в 11,11% (95% ДИ 3,10-32,80) детей подгруппы 2. Задержка психомоторного развития более чем на 1 месяц в возрасте 12 месяцев наблюдалась почти в два раза реже среди детей подгруппы 1 - 35% (95% ДИ 18,12-56,71) против 66,67% (95% ДИ 43,75-83,72) среди детей подгруппы 2.Частые острые респираторные заболевания (более 5 раз в год) были отмечены 10% (95% ДИ 2,79-30,10) детей подгруппы 1 и в 33,33% (95% ДИ 16,28-56,25) - подгруппы 2. Кожные сыпи (дерматиты) различного генеза регистрировались достоверно меньшей частотой среди детей подгруппы 1: 15% (95% ДИ 5,24-36,04) против 61,11% (95% ДИ 38,62-79,69). На следующем этапе мы провели оценку эффективности предложенной схемы лечения с помощью расчета показателей относительного и абсолютного снижения риска (RRR, ARR) выявление ЗФР у недоношенных детей, рожденных с ММТ в возрасте 12 месяцев. Так RRR = 82%, что означает, что использование предложенной схемы лечения может снизить риск обнаружения ЗФР в возрасте 12 месяцев на 82%. Показатель ARR = 22,78%. Число лиц, нуждающихся в лечении (NNT- number needed to be treated), составляет 4%. То есть, чтобы предупредить как минимум один случай ЗФР в возрасте 12 месяцев среди недоношенных детей с ММТ при рождении, нужно назначить рекомендованную схему лечения хотя бы 4 детям с ММТ. Выводы. 1. Проведенное исследование показало, что недоношенные дети, получавшие дополнительно к рациональному вскармливанию комплекс витаминов и минералов, имели достоверно лучшие показатели физического и психомоторного развития в возрасте 12 месяцев, по сравнению с детьми, которые получали стандартную коррекцию питания. 2. Оценка терапевтической эффективности показала, что применение комплекса витаминов и минералов позволит снизить риск выявления ЗФР среди детей с ММТ при рождении на 82%. 3. Назначение комплекса витаминов и минералов демонстрирует высокую эффективность и полную безопасность и может быть рекомендована для приема в возрасте 6-8 месяцев недоношенным детям первого года жизни., Резюме Вступ. В світі щорічно народжуються передчасно приблизно 15 мільйонів дітей 10–11% серед усіх новонароджених. Частота їх народження у різних країнах варіює у межах 5–18% залежно від рівню доходу та якості медичної допомоги. Материнське молоко є найкращим продуктом харчування для малюків, в тому числі і для передчасно народжених, проте в деяких випадках воно не може в повному обсязі компенсувати високі потреби в деяких вітамінах та мінералах. Відкритим залишається питання корекції дефіциту цинку, який клінічно асоціюється зі зниженням темпів зростання, розвитком дерматитів, порушенням імунітету, поганим загоєнням ран і діареєю. Мета дослідження. Обґрунтувати доцільність проведення корекції дефіциту мінералів та вітамінів у недоношених дітей першого року життя та оцінити вплив, безпечність та ефективність препарату, який містить комплекс вітамінів і мінералів на їх фізичний та психомоторний розвиток, у порівнянні з дітьми, які отримували стандартну корекцію харчування. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження проведено в 2012–2019 роках. У когорту дослідження було включено 150 дітей (хлопчики / дівчатка 74/76), які були поділені на три групи: I група – маса тіла при народженні 2499–1500 г (n = 67); II група – маса тіла при народженні 1499–1000 г (n = 45); III група – маса тіла при народженні до 1000 г (n = 38). У ході дослідження комплексно оцінювався стан здоров’я дітей, включаючи антропометричні показники, психомоторній розвиток, а також рівень макро- і мікроелементів в цільній крові: кальцій, магній, цинк, мідь – методом атомно-абсорбційної спектрометрії; марганець – методом атомно-емісійної спектрометрії. На наступному етапі проводилося проспективне когортне дослідження ефективності та безпечності застосування комплексу вітамінів та мінералів у недоношених дітей першого року життя. Критерії включення у когортне дослідження: маса тіла при народженні 1500-2499 (мала маса тіла - ММТ), наявність затримки фізичного розвитку (ЗФР) у віці шести місяців. Діти (n - 38), що відповідали вище переліченим критеріям були розподіленні випадковим шляхом на дві підгрупи. Підгрупа 1 (основна) – 20 дітей, які отримували стандартну корекцію харчування та вживали на протязі одного місяця комплекс вітамінів та мінералів. Підгрупа 2 (контрольна) – 18 дітей, які отримували стандартну корекцію харчування. Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Аналіз середнього віку введення прикормів показав, що цей показник складав в підгрупі 1 - 6,15 ±0,65 міс, в підгрупі 2 - 6,17 ±0,69 міс (р>0,05). Середній вік призначення дітям підгрупи 1 комплексу вітамінів та мінералів дорівнював 5,95 ±0,86 міс. При обстеженні дітей обох підгруп у віці 12 місяців ми виявили значну позитивну динаміку усіх показників серед дітей основної підгрупи. Так ЗФР в підгрупі 1 визначалась лише в 5% (95% ДІ 0,89-23,61) проти 27,78% (95% ДІ 12,5-50,87) в підгрупі 2. Дефіцит маси до довжини (виснаження) не був виявлений серед дітей підгрупи 1, але зберігався у 11,11% (95% ДІ 3,10-32,80) дітей підгрупи 2. Затримка психомоторного розвитку більш ніж на 1 місяць у віці 12 місяців спостерігалась майже в два рази рідше серед дітей підгрупи 1 – 35% (95% ДІ 18,12-56,71) проти 66,67% (95% ДІ 43,75-83,72) серед дітей підгрупи 2.Часті гострі респіраторні захворювання (більш ніж 5 разів на рік) були відмічені 10% (95% ДІ 2,79-30,10) малюків підгрупи 1 та у 33,33% (95% ДІ 16,28-56,25) - підгрупи 2. Шкірні висипки (дерматити) різного ґенезу реєструвались з достовірно меншою частотою серед дітей підгрупи 1: 15 % (95% ДІ 5,24-36,04) проти 61,11% (95% ДІ 38,62-79,69). На наступному етапі ми провели оцінку ефективності запропонованої схеми лікування за допомогою розрахунку показників відносного та абсолютного зниження ризику (RRR, ARR) виявлення ЗФР у недоношених дітей народжених з ММТ у віці 12 місяців. Так RRR=82%, що означає, що використання запропонованої схеми лікування може знизити ризик виявлення ЗФР у віці 12 місяців на 82%. Показник ARR=22,78%. Число осіб, що потребують лікування (ЧПЛ, NNT- number needed to be treated), складає 4%. Тобто, щоб попередити щонайменше один випадок ЗФР у віці 12 місяців серед недоношених дітей з ММТ при народженні, потрібно призначити рекомендовану схему лікування хоча б 4 дітям з ММТ. Висновки 1. Проведене дослідження показало, що недоношені діти, які отримували додатково до раціонального вигодовування комплекс вітамінів та мінералів, мали достеменно кращі показники фізичного та психомоторного розвитку у віці 12 місяців, у порівнянні з дітьми, які отримували стандартну корекцію харчування. 2. Оцінка терапевтичної ефективності показала, що застосування комплексу вітамінів та мінералів дозволить знизити ризик виявлення ЗФР серед дітей з ММТ при народженні на 82%. 3. Призначення комплексу вітамінів та мінералів демонструє високу ефективність та повну безпечність і може бути рекомендована для прийому у віці 6-8 місяців недоношеним дітям першого року життя.

A number of conservation approaches are used to manage threatened species. However, some of these approaches require intensive planning and can often be restricted by funding. Supplementary feeding is a non-invasive and cost-effective approach to manage vulnerable populations, but we lack data on its usefulness. Here we investigated the effects of supplementary feeding on a population of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), a UK priority species which faces competition from the non-native grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). The study took place October-December 2015, lasting 8 weeks. Twenty feeders were installed 1 week prior to the beginning of the study in a protected woodland free from grey squirrels, either containing food (full feeders) or no food (empty feeders), and squirrel abundance before and after feeding was recorded at each feeder (for a total of 27 feeding and recording events). Six times more squirrels were seen at full feeders, and numbers increased by 7 fold after feeding. We also observed that the activity of red squirrels in the vicinity of full feeders increased during the course of the study. Eighty-five hair samples were collected during the study, all of which were found at full feeders. Results demonstrate red squirrels can differentiate between full and empty feeders, suggesting their awareness increases when supplementary food is present. Increased abundance of squirrels at full feeders after feeding times not only implies that squirrels are attracted to and can benefit by supplementation, it also shows that food supplementation can be used to regulate the movement of individuals across habitats. Understanding how red squirrel populations are affected by supplementary feeding will contribute towards existing conservation efforts to improve this species future survival.

The joint effects of interacting environmental factors on key demographic parameters can exacerbate or mitigate the separate factors’ effects on population dynamics. Given ongoing changes in climate and land use, assessing interactions between weather and food availability on reproductive performance is crucial to understand and forecast population dynamics. By conducting a feeding experiment in 4 years with different weather conditions, we were able to disentangle the effects of weather, food availability and their interactions on reproductive parameters in an expanding population of the red kite (Milvus milvus), a conservation-relevant raptor known to be supported by anthropogenic feeding. Brood loss occurred mainly during the incubation phase, and was associated with rainfall and low food availability. In contrast, brood loss during the nestling phase occurred mostly due to low temperatures. Survival of last-hatched nestlings and nestling development was enhanced by food supplementation and reduced by adverse weather conditions. However, we found no support for interactive effects of weather and food availability, suggesting that these factors affect reproduction of red kites additively. The results not only suggest that food-weather interactions are prevented by parental life-history trade-offs, but that food availability and weather conditions are crucial separate determinants of reproductive output, and thus population productivity. Overall, our results suggest that the observed increase in spring temperatures and enhanced anthropogenic food resources have contributed to the elevational expansion and the growth of the study population during the last decades. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00442-021-05076-6.

Neurological disorders like Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease, spinal cord injury and stroke have some recurrent characteristics such as abnormal protein aggregation, oxidative stress induction, apoptosis, excitotoxicity, perturbation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and inflammation. To date, there are few effective treatments available and the drugs currently used to manage the symptoms have important side effects. Therefore, research studies are focusing on natural phytochemicals present in diet as bioactive molecules potentially useful against neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss the neuroprotective role of palmitoylethanolamide, hydroxytyrosol, and Bacopa monnieri extracts against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, thereby revealing their remarkable potential as novel therapeutic options for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. (www.actabiomedica.it)

The moringa is an evergreen tree, which has gained notoriety because of some functional properties and for its diversification making it a good option for food use. The consumption and commercialization of cakes in Brazil has been growing, mainly with the trend of ready-to-eat foods. Based on these statements, it was carried out through the present work to prepare a chocolate brownie enriched with moringa flour (Moringa oliefera Lam.) And evaluate its physical and physical-chemical characteristics. The study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande campus Cuité. To obtain the flour, the moringa leaves were dried in an air circulation oven at 36ºC for 6h, crushed and sieved. From then on, three samples were prepared: BCP (without the addition of moringa flour); ECB (5% moringa flour) and BCM (10% moringa flour). The addition of moringa flour improved the physicochemical characteristics of the cake, where a higher ash content and less lipids were observed when compared to the standard sample. In addition, the addition of moringa flour increased the acidity of brownies. From the above, it appears that enriching the partial substitution of 5% and 10% of wheat flour with moringa flour does not present great differences between them. However, the use of moringa in food preparations is able to improve the physical-chemical composition of the final product. La moringa es un árbol perenne, que ha ganado notoriedad debido a algunas propiedades funcionales y por su diversificación, por lo que es una buena opción para el uso alimentario. El consumo y la comercialización de pasteles en Brasil ha ido en aumento, principalmente con la tendencia de los alimentos listos para el consumo. En base a estas afirmaciones, se llevó a cabo a través del presente trabajo para preparar un brownie de chocolate enriquecido con harina de moringa (Moringa oliefera Lam). y evaluar sus características físicas y físico-químicas. El estudio se realizó en la Universidade Federal de Campina Grande campus Cuité. Para obtener la harina, las hojas de moringa se secaron en un horno de circulación de aire a 36ºC durante 6 h, se trituraron y se tamizaron. A partir de entonces, se prepararon tres muestras: BCP (sin la adición de harina de moringa); BCE (5% de harina de moringa) y BCM (10% de harina de moringa). La adición de harina de moringa mejoró las características fisicoquímicas de la torta, donde se observó un mayor contenido de cenizas y menos lípidos en comparación con la muestra estándar. Además, la adición de harina de moringa aumentó la acidez de los brownies. De lo anterior, parece que enriquecer la sustitución parcial de 5% y 10% de harina de trigo con harina de moringa no presenta grandes diferencias entre ellos. Sin embargo, el uso de moringa en preparaciones alimenticias puede mejorar la composición físico-química del producto final. A moringa é uma árvore perene, que vem ganhando notoriedade por causa de algumas propriedades funcionais e pela sua diversificação tornando-a uma boa opção para uso alimentar. O consumo e a comercialização de bolos no Brasil vêm crescendo, principalmente com a tendência de alimentos prontos para consumo. Partindo dessas afirmações, realizou-se através do presente trabalho elaborar um brownie de chocolate enriquecido com a farinha da moringa (Moringa oliefera Lam.) e avaliar suas características físicas e físico-químicas. O estudo foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande campus Cuité. Para obtenção da farinha, as folhas da moringa foram secas em estufa de circulação de ar a 36ºC por 6h, trituradas e peneiradas. A partir de então foram elaboradas três amostras: BCP (sem adição da farinha de moringa); BCE (5% de farinha de moringa) e BCM (10% de farinha de moringa). A adição da farinha de moringa melhorou as características físico-químicas do bolo, onde foi observado um maior teor de cinzas e menor quantidade de lipídeos quando comparados à amostra padrão. Além disso, a adição da farinha de moringa aumentou a acidez dos brownies. A partir do exposto, infere-se que enriquecer a substituição parcial de 5% e 10% da farinha de trigo pela farinha de moringa não apresentam grandes diferenças entre si. Entretanto, o emprego da moringa em preparações alimentares é capaz de melhorar a composição físico-química do produto final.

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Centralizar on 2020-05-26T22:52:31Z (GMT) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-26T18:38:34Z No. of bitstreams: 3 autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 versão parcial.pdf: 3718946 bytes, checksum: 2493175eacfe55374eba4af0b569b9a4 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-26T18:38:34Z No. of bitstreams: 3 autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 versão parcial.pdf: 3718946 bytes, checksum: 2493175eacfe55374eba4af0b569b9a4 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: 1 O título está diferente (capa, folha de rosto e ficha catalográfica) do certificado de aprovação 2 A palavra AGRADECIMENTOS deve estar em letras maiúsculas 3 O Sumário deve estar de acordo com o template disponível em: https://www.fca.unesp.br/#!/biblioteca/normas-tecnicas/manual-para-apresentacao-de-trabalhos-academicos-da-faculdade-de-ciencias-agronomicas-dissertacao-e/ 4 pag. 80 - Centralizar on 2020-05-26T22:52:31Z (GMT) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: 1 O título está diferente (capa, folha de rosto e ficha catalográfica) do certificado de aprovação 2 A palavra AGRADECIMENTOS deve estar em letras maiúsculas 3 O Sumário deve estar de acordo com o template disponível em: https://www.fca.unesp.br/#!/biblioteca/normas-tecnicas/manual-para-apresentacao-de-trabalhos-academicos-da-faculdade-de-ciencias-agronomicas-dissertacao-e/ 4 pag. 80 - Centralizar on 2020-05-26T22:52:31Z (GMT) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-26T18:38:34Z No. of bitstreams: 3 autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 versão parcial.pdf: 3718946 bytes, checksum: 2493175eacfe55374eba4af0b569b9a4 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: 1 O título está diferente (capa, folha de rosto e ficha catalográfica) do certificado de aprovação 2 A palavra AGRADECIMENTOS deve estar em letras maiúsculas 3 O Sumário deve estar de acordo com o template disponível em: https://www.fca.unesp.br/#!/biblioteca/normas-tecnicas/manual-para-apresentacao-de-trabalhos-academicos-da-faculdade-de-ciencias-agronomicas-dissertacao-e/ 4 pag. 80 - Centralizar on 2020-05-26T22:52:31Z (GMT) Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Submitted by GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO (gean.monteiro@unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T15:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 26.05.20 Completa.pdf: 3705639 bytes, checksum: 93052476cb67e8f1c29b24c2ccc67b90 (MD5) Tese Suco e Subproduto de uva 28.05.20 FINAL - repositório.pdf: 5495268 bytes, checksum: 960a000a4a2792403231de796899c74e (MD5) autorização parcial.pdf: 1053223 bytes, checksum: f3d4c8615d3207537477c8c55b906b3d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-28T17:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_gc_dr_botfca_par.pdf: 737026 bytes, checksum: abcd56042a9569fd4da3dffa38802ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O mercado de suco de uva está em crescimento, principalmente pelos benefícios do consumo a saúde. Várias soluções tecnológicas foram propostas para melhorar a cadeia produtiva, como a combinação de uvas e até mesmo o aproveitamento do resíduo do processo de produção, contribuindo na qualidade funcional, econômica e ambiental. No Brasil, uvas Vitis labrusca e híbridas representam a maioria daquelas destinadas aos sucos. A uva híbrida 'Niagara Rosada' que apresenta alta produtividade e aceitabilidade, com excedente de produção, pode ser uma opção para a produção de suco e utilização do resíduo para suplementação alimentar. Dessa forma, o perfil de compostos fenólicos e nitrogenados, bem como capacidade antioxidante e bioativa, coloração e sensorial foram realizadas com o objetivo de verificar a qualidade dos sucos de uva e seus resíduos produzidos a partir de combinações de 'Niagara Rosada'. Os sucos foram elaborados com 'Bordo', 'BRS Violeta', 'IAC 138-22 Máximo', separadamente e em blends com 'Niagara Rosada'. Os sucos foram produzidos por prensagem a quente, engarrafados (vidro âmbar) e pasteurizados. Um controle comercial (C) de 'Niagara Rosada' também foi analisado junto aos sucos. Os resíduos da produção do suco (bagaços) foram secos, moídos, embalados e armazenados para as análises. Treze misturas foram produzidas independentemente usando 100, 75, 50 e 25% de cada cultivar e em combinação com 'Niagara Rosada'. O perfil de polifenóis e compostos nitrogenados foram analisados via HPLC. Compostos fenólicos totais, antocianinas totais e a atividade antioxidante (FRAP, ABTS e DPPH) também foi determinada por espectrofotometria. A cor dos sucos foi analisada usando o sistema CIELab. Os atributos sensoriais foram analisados por notas de preferência (cor, aroma, sabor, corpo e geral), bem como a intensidade de cor visual e intenção de compra do consumidor. A adição de uvas vermelhas na composição contribuiu para o maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, nitrogenados e atividade antioxidante dos sucos e farinhas, além de atributos de cor superiores aos sucos elaborados apenas com 'Niagara Rosada'. Maiores porcentagens de uvas 'BRS Violeta' incrementam os potenciais bioativos do suco e farinha, proporcionando aumento na capacidade antioxidante. Os híbridos 'IAC 138-22 Máximo', 'Bordo' e 'BRS Violeta' são boas alternativas nas misturas com uvas roses para produção de sucos e aproveitamento residual como farinha, aumentando a qualidade bioativa. Para utilizar o excesso de produção, sucos elaborados com até 50% de 'Niagara Rosada' podem ser uma boa alternativa para a produção de sucos integrais, sem grandes perdas na qualidade nutricional, funcional e sensorial. Suco com 50% 'Bordo' + 50% 'Niagara Rosada', apresenta ser o melhor blend a ser realizado, com bons níveis de compostos e alta aceitabilidade. The he grape juice market is growing, mainly due to the health benefits of consumption. Various technological solutions have been proposed to improve the production chain, such as the combination of grapes and even the use of the residue of the production process, contributing to functional, economic and environmental quality. In Brazil, Vitis labrusca and hybrid grapes represent the majority of those destined for juices. The hybrid grape 'Niagara Rosada', which presents high productivity and acceptability, with surplus production, can be an option for the production of juice and use of the residue for food supplementation. Thus, the profile of phenolic and nitrogen compounds, as well as antioxidant and bioactive capacity, coloring and sensory were carried out with the aim of verifying the quality of grape juices and their residues produced from 'Niagara Rosada' combinations. The juices were made with 'Bordo', 'BRS Violeta', 'IAC 138-22 Máximo', separately and in blends with 'Niagara Rosada'. The juices were produced by hot pressing, bottled (amber glass) and pasteurized. A commercial control (C) of 'Niagara Rosada' was also analyzed with the juices. The juice production residues (bagasse) were dried, ground, packaged and stored for analysis. Thirteen mixtures were produced independently using 100, 75, 50 and 25% of each cultivar and in combination with 'Niagara Rosada'. The profile of polyphenols and nitrogen compounds were analyzed via HPLC. Total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity (FRAP, ABTS and DPPH) were also determined by spectrophotometry. The color of the juices was analyzed using the CIELab system. Sensory attributes were analyzed by preference notes (color, aroma, flavor, body and overall liking), as well as the intensity of visual color and the purchase intention of the consumer. The addition of red grapes in the composition contributed to the higher content of phenolic, nitrogenous compounds and antioxidant activity of juices and flours, in addition to color attributes superior to the juices made only with 'Niagara Rosada'. Higher percentages of 'BRS Violeta' grapes increase the bioactive potential of juice and flour, providing an increase in antioxidant capacity. The hybrids 'IAC 138- 22 Máximo', 'Bordo' and 'BRS Violeta' are good alternatives in blends with rose grapes for juice production and residual use as flour, increasing bioactive quality. To use excess production, juices made with up to 50% 'Niagara Rosada' can be a good alternative for the production of whole juices, without major losses in nutritional, functional and sensory quality. Juice with 50% 'Bordo' + 50% 'Niagara Rosada', is the best blend to be made, with good levels of compounds and high acceptability. 88882.433043/2019-01

This study aimed to elaborate and validate the content of an instrument to evaluate the knowledge about bodybuilding, diet and supplementation. This is a study in which a content validation protocol was applied to physical education and nutrition professionals to judge the items. For this, 25 multiple choice items were elaborated with four alternatives, with only one correct one. To evaluate the items by experts, we used an instrument developed by the author himself, the Content Validation Protocol (PVC), which was used as a way of analysis and judgment of the items for judges evaluating this research. The PVC was structured to analyze the clarity and the level of relevance of the items on a four-point likert scale, where the former was considered "not relevant" and the latter as "very relevant", this process was individualized by question. After being submitted to the experts and analyzed by the Content Validity Index (IVC), 22 items were validated and could be applied in future research. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo elaborar y validar el contenido de un instrumento para evaluar el conocimiento sobre culturismo, dieta y suplementos. Este fue un estudio en el que se aplicó un protocolo de validación de contenido a profesionales de educación física y nutrición para juzgar los ítems. Para esto, se elaboraron 25 ítems de opción múltiple con cuatro alternativas, con solo una correcta. Para evaluar los ítems por expertos, utilizamos un instrumento desarrollado por el propio autor, el Protocolo de Validación de Contenido (PVC), que se utilizó como una forma de análisis y juicio de los ítems para los jueces que evalúan esta investigación. El PVC fue estructurado para analizar la claridad y el nivel de relevancia de los ítems en una escala likert de cuatro puntos, donde el primero fue considerado "no relevante" y el segundo como "muy relevante", este proceso fue individualizado por preguntas. Después de ser enviado a los expertos y analizado por el Índice de Validez del Contenido (IVC), 22 elementos fueron validados y podrían aplicarse en futuras investigaciones. Este estudo teve o objetivo de elaborar e validar o conteúdo de um instrumento para avaliar os conhecimentos sobre musculação, alimentação e suplementação. Trata-se de um estudo em que foi aplicado um protocolo de validação de conteúdo a profissionais de educação física e nutrição para o julgamento dos itens. Para tanto, foram elaborados 25 itens de múltipla escolha com quatro alternativas, com apenas uma correta. Para avaliação dos itens por especialistas, utilizou-se um instrumento elaborado pelo próprio autor, o Protocolo de Validação de Conteúdo (PVC), que foi utilizado com objetivo de ser uma via de análise e julgamento dos itens para juízes avaliadores desta pesquisa. O PVC foi estruturado para analisar clareza e o nível de relevância dos itens em uma escala likert de quatro pontos, em que o primeiro se considerou como “não relevante” e o último como “muito relevante”, esse processo foi individualizado por questão. Após serem submetido aos especialistas e analisados pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), foram validados 22 itens que poderão ser aplicados em pesquisas futuras.

Female promiscuity can function to acquire both direct and indirect benefits from their social mate and extra-pair males. In many raptor species, intense mate-feeding significantly contributes to female energy requirements before and during egg laying. Moreover, females may use mate-feeding effort to assess male quality. In this study of the lesser kestrel Falco naumanni, we aimed at experimentally manipulating the female's perception of mate quality by providing females with extra food during egg laying, and evaluated the occurrence of extra-pair paternity in food-supplemented and control broods by parentage analyses. No extra-pair offspring (EPO) was found among 19 food-supplemented broods, whereas EPO occurred in five out of 17 control broods. No significant differences in morphological traits, body condition and reproductive success were found between faithful and unfaithful females. However, clutches containing EPO were laid later in the breeding season. Moreover, un-cuckolded males had longer tarsi than cuckolded ones, indicating larger body size. Hence, extra food provisioning and early breeding reduced the occurrence of EPO in lesser kestrels. In addition, we confirmed the occurrence of intraspecific brood parasitism, as five nestlings were not the offspring of the brooding female. The results of our food-provisioning experiment support the idea that mate-feeding ability is a reliable indicator of male quality, and are in accordance with the hypothesis that male mate-feeding behaviour is a sexually selected trait.

Iron nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed as a tool in very different fields such as environmental remediation and biomedical applications, including food fortification against iron deficiency, even if there is still concern about their safety. Here, we propose Xenopus laevis embryos as a suitable model to investigate the toxicity and the bio-interactions at the intestinal barrier of Fe3O4 and zerovalent iron (ZVI) NPs compared to Fe(II) and (III) salts in the 5 to 100 mg Fe/L concentration range using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay in Xenopus (FETAX). Our results demonstrated that, at concentrations at which iron salts induce adverse effects, both iron NPs do not cause acute toxicity or teratogenicity even if they accumulate massively in the embryo gut. Prussian blue staining, confocal and electron microscopy allowed mapping of iron NPs in enterocytes, along the paracellular spaces and at the level of the basement membrane of a well-preserved intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, the high bioaccumulation factor and the increase in embryo length after exposure to iron NPs suggest greater iron intake, an essential element for organisms. Together, these results improve the knowledge on the safety of orally ingested iron NPs and their interaction with the intestinal barrier, useful for defining the potential risks associated with their use in food/feed fortification.

The evolution of reproductive strategies depends on local environmental conditions. When environments are seasonal, selection favors individuals that align changes in key reproductive traits with seasonal shifts in habitat quality. Offspring habitat quality can decline through the season, and increased maternal provisioning to late-produced offspring may compensate. This shift, however, may depend on environmental factors that influence reproduction and are, themselves, subject to temporal changes (e.g., food abundance). We studied the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) to demonstrate how prey abundance modifies seasonal changes in key reproductive traits. We bred lizards in controlled laboratory conditions across the reproductive season and manipulated the availability of food by providing some breeding pairs high prey availability and some low. Halfway through the season, we switched half of the breeding pairs to the opposite treatment. We measured growth of male and female lizards as well as latency to oviposit, fecundity, egg size, egg content (yolk, water, shell mass), and egg quality (steroid hormones, yolk caloric content) over this period. Higher prey availability enhanced lizard growth and some key reproductive traits (egg size, fecundity) but not others (egg content and quality). Moreover, we found that seasonal patterns of reproduction were modified by prey treatment in ways that have consequences for offspring survival. Our results demonstrate that seasonal changes in reproduction are dependent on fluctuations in local environmental conditions. Moreover, researchers must account for seasonal shifts in environmental factors and reproductive traits (and their interactions) when designing experiments and drawing conclusions about how the environment influences reproduction.

Fried water yam ball, traditionally known as Ojojo in western Nigeria, is a low protein snack, usually prepared as value added product from grated water yam paste. The influence of African breadfruit seed, a lesser known protein source on quality attributes of water yam ball (Ojojo) was evaluated. Wet-milled water yam (WY) was produced and supplemented with African breadfruit seed (AB) at 10-50%. A control sample was prepared from 100% WY. The blend was mixed with ingredients (salt, powder pepper, okra and onion) and the mixed dough was subsequently used for the production of Ojojo, through deep fat frying. Using standard methods, snack was evaluated for proximate composition, metabolisable energy and anti-nutrient contents (total phenolic, flavonoids, tannin, phytate, oxalate and alkaloids). Hedonic test was used to evaluate the sensory properties. Data were analysed using ANOVA (analysis of variance) at ?0.05. WY supplementation with AB significantly decreased moisture content (9.50-9.28%), fibre (2.20-1.80%) ash (5.50-4.00%) and carbohydrate (74.83-65.34%), but increased protein (7.02-13.50%), fat (0.95-6.00%) and metabolisable energy contents (340.97-373.39 kcal). There was significant increase in anti-nutrients (mg/100g), except total phenol (3.79-1.83), but they all fell within tolerable limits. Sample with 60% WY and 40% was the most acceptable by the panellists (7.02?0.38).