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Do cynical individuals have a stronger desire for power and are they more likely to acquire power at work? The negative consequences of cynicism—for cynics themselves and the people around them—render the examination of these questions particularly important. We first examined the role of cynicism in power motives. Results showed that more cynical individuals have a greater desire for power to avoid exploitation by others (and less so to exploit others; Study 1) and score higher on dominance (but not prestige or leadership) motives (Study 2). The subsequent two studies examined the role of cynicism in power attainment at work. A study of virtual teams (Study 3) showed that more cynical individuals were less likely to emerge as group leaders, and a prospective study of ~9000 employees followed for up to 10 years (Study 4) showed that cynicism predicted a lower likelihood of attaining a leadership position in organizations. Taken together, more (vs. less) cynical individuals have a stronger power—in particular, dominance—motive but they are not more successful at power acquisition. These findings inform the literature on cynicism and power and highlight the importance of cynical worldviews for leadership attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Linguagens, Educação e Sociedade (LES) is the property of Revista Linguagens, Educacao e Sociedade (LES) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay examines the disruptive, even skeptical, potential of female silence in two plays not often discussed together: Ben Jonson's Volpone (Celia) and William Shakespeare's Measure for Measure (Isabella). These silences – whether voluntary or forced – come after each woman delivers an impassioned speech defending herself from an attempted physical assault. In both instances, their concluding silences help the playwrights critique the very comic conventions they are deploying. For Shakespeare, Isabella's refusal to respond to Duke Vincentio's proposals of marriage reflects the play's skepticism of the Duke's theatrical manipulations and signals religious and political uncertainty for a woman who begins the play as a would-be nun and effectively betrothed to the Church. For Jonson, Celia's forced silence before her dismissal to her father's house sends a similar message of a woman awkwardly positioned neither within nor without marriage. However, Jonson's silencing of his paragon of virtue reflects his attempt to possess such virtue for himself, recuperating the moral authority of the true playwright. This essay thus contributes to studies of how the Poets' War involved Shakespeare and continued past its presumed ceasefire in 1601. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Residents in long-term care homes (LTCHs) are often diagnosed with chronic, life-limiting illnesses, and it is now a common site to provide high levels of care and eventual death. There is an urgent need to address communication gaps and uncertainties surrounding resident's end of life preferences. Nurses are well situated to be key facilitators of necessary advance care planning (ACP), ensuring residents have discussions with family, substitute decision-makers and healthcare providers regarding future health and personal care preferences. However, LTCHs present unique challenges for nurses due to not only complex comorbidities but also staffing dynamics. Purpose: This study explored the experiences and perceptions of Registered Nurses (RNs) and Registered Practical Nurse (RPNs) in LTCHs regarding their role in engaging residents and families in ACP discussions. Methods: Qualitative interpretive descriptive methodology was used. Data were collected from two LTCHs in Southern Ontario with a sample of 15 nurses (7 RNs and 8 RPNs). Analysis involved review of semistructured interviews, field notes, and utilizing constant comparison within an inductive approach. Results: Power and authority dynamics in LTCH's was an overarching theme in the data, with four subthemes: (1) Nurses lacking clarity about ACP, (2) nurses' uncertainty regarding their role in ACP, (3) nurses feeling uncomfortable engaging in ACP discussions, and (4) nurses struggling to support families in ACP discussions. Conclusion: Recommendations for nurses, healthcare providers, LTCH administrators, and policy makers include: (1) development of policies which support, from a systemic level, nurses to feel safe while engaging in ACP; (2) reassessing LTCH's hierarchical structure, and clarifying RN, RPN, and interdisciplinary team members roles in ACP; (3) developing culture change that allows a team and person-centered approach to ACP; and (4) providing ongoing education and mentorship for nurses to manage family dynamics and expand their understanding of ACP beyond a biomedical lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, it has been observed that interest in local history studies has been increasing steadily. Bitlis and Muş regions have also benefited from this interest, and the number of studies on Alaaddin Pashazades, the last beys (chiefs) of Bitlis and Muş, has increased. As it is known, until the mid-18th century, Sherefhans, the ancient nobles of Bitlis, had governed Muş and its surroundings within the boundaries determined by the Ottoman administrative system. However, Alaaddin Pashazades (the sons of Alaaddin), who became visible from the middle of the century, began to de facto ruler of Muş and gradually seized control of other regions administered by Şerefhanlar. This change in the region initially occurred without the approval of the central Ottoman administration. In fact, the Ottoman administration was not pleased with this situation and had sent troops to Muş twice. Despite the government's stance, by the end of the 18th century, Alaaddin Pashazades had become both formally and effectively the legitimate rulers of the region. This situation did not disturb the people of the region, and there was no regional resistance against them. The aim of this study is to reveal the process of Alaaddin Pashazades becoming legitimate rulers in the context of authority legitimacy relationship. For this purpose, the study will seek answers to why the state preferred Alaaddin Pashazades over Sherefhans. In addition, it will be examined why there was no rebellion against the new rule and why the people accepted them as legitimate rulers. Furthermore, it will be analyzed whether there was any instability in the governance area in the region with Alaaddin Pashazades. Ultimately, the discussion will focus on how Alaaddin Pashazades influenced the social and cultural structure of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite his producing voluminous writings beyond Utopia, scholarly consensus seems to be that if we want to understand the political thought of Thomas More, we must turn to this 'little book'. This approach, however, has yielded little consensus about how to categorise More as a political thinker, as Utopia is notoriously and intentionally enigmatic. This article attempts to generate a portrait of More as a political thinker by going beyond an investigation of Utopia alone and taking into consideration those texts often overlooked or rejected by scholars, primarily his polemical and religious writings. Doing so provides an outline of More as a thinker concerned with themes of natural and artificial inequality, popular authority and representation and, at the least, justifies the exercise of reading More's work beyond Utopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the doctrinal category "environmental law and order ", which is forming in Russian legal science and has no direct analogues in other jurisdictions. Its structure, types and forms of manifestation, correlation with other ecological legal terms are substantiated. The need to use this legal structure lies in the fact that it allows you to justify the degree of effectiveness of environmental legislation, evaluate the activities of executive and judicial authorities. The conclusion is argued that along with quantitative (statistical) methods of evaluating effectiveness, it is necessary to apply sociological methods, ranging from interviewing experts in the field of environmental protection, to finding out the opinions of the population of towns and villages on actual environmental issues. This will improve the "feedback" between public authorities and citizens, as well as to assess the work of environmental authorities more objective. The analysis of the survey of Orenburg students on their comprehension of the concept of environmental law and order legal order is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the potential relationships between shared authority in mathematics classrooms and students' mathematical reasoning. Even though tensions and challenges related to shared authority are explicated in the literature, there are few examples of how these issues play out in mathematics teaching. We investigate the case of a mathematics teacher attempting to share authority as well as applying several moves recognized as supporting meaningful student learning. Data has been collected in a fourth-grade Norwegian classroom and is analyzed by means of open coding, inspired by literature. We identify the moves used by the teacher, and we rank these moves along two dimensions: (1) their potential to support mathematical reasoning and (2) their potential for sharing authority. From this, we uncover how a teacher's work of orchestrating mathematical discussions involves moves in all four quadrants, and we discuss how the interplay of moves affects the authority structures and the collaborative reasoning in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 871–2 two letters were dispatched in the name of the West Frankish king Charles the Bald to Pope Hadrian II. These letters have long been of interest to historians for their rigorous defence of royal sovereignty in the face of an increasingly intrusive papacy, and their authorship has often been ascribed to Charles's prolific archbishop, Hincmar of Rheims. This article argues that these letters should be read from a different perspective, prioritising the tone taken by the author of the letters. By exploring the author's ideas about honourable forms of address and the avoidance of harsh censure, I argue that these letters show the guiding hand of Charles himself, revealing a view of royal power not only as an institution, but also as a status that necessarily had to be approached with deference and praise. Close examination of Charles's argument suggests that his identification with contemporary panegyrics, above all those by his Irish praise poet Sedulius Scottus, informed his perspective on the dignity of his royal office and led him to respond aversely to papal criticism that threatened to undermine his legitimacy as ruler. Hadrian's transition from harsh rebuke to sycophancy across his letters suggests that Charles's diplomatic successes with the papacy were also accompanied by papal recognition of his exalted, quasi-imperial status through laudatory address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has identified the combined effects of Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) on individuals' militant attitudes. Much of the existing studies have been conducted in the United States and Europe, where political cleavage is drawn between liberalism and conservatism and where RWA and SDO are aligned with conservatism. In this article, we argue that in a different ideological backdrop where RWA and SDO are not bound by conservative ideology, their influence on war support varies. We use the case study of China, in which socialist ideology upholds authoritarianism but opposes social dominance. We hypothesize that in a war in which the state acquiesces, regime loyalists high on RWA and low on SDO tend to back the war, while regime critics low on RWA and high on SDO are less supportive. Using longitudinal data with a nationwide online sample (Time 1: N = 1000, Time 2: N = 500) collected during the war in Ukraine, we confirmed the opposite effects of RWA (measured by the traditionalism subscale) and SDO (measured by the dominance subscale) on war support. The findings extend our understanding of the impacts of authoritarianism and social dominance in a context beyond the United States and Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars and police organizations argue that when police officers don a uniform, they imbue a certificate of legitimacy. In our study of 238 police officers, we test the assumption that the police uniform impacts officers' beliefs about their own legitimacy, and, in turn, their projected behavior when in uniform. We find that, when comparing across various combinations of uniforms and accoutrements, officers in our study tended to prefer their standard uniform as a legitimating device. Moreover, we find that the legitimacy attributed to the standard uniform can impact officers' willingness to engage in certain behaviors when in uniform, at least for the female officers in our sample. This research supports the important role of officer appearance in shaping police perceptions and behaviors, complementing existing research that examines citizens' perceptions of police uniforms and accoutrements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present grassroots concepts and ideas about "the algorithm" in the religious context. The power and causality of algorithms are based on lines of computer code, making a society influenced by "black boxes" or "enigmatic technologies" (as they are incomprehensible to most people). On the other hand, the power of algorithms lies in the meanings that we attribute to them. The extent of the power, agency, and control that algorithms have over us depends on how much power, agency, and control we are willing to give to algorithms and artificial intelligence, which involves building the idea of their omnipotence. The key question is about the meanings and the ideas about algorithms that are circulating in society. This paper is focused on the analysis of "vernacular/folk" theories on algorithms, reconstructed based on posts made by the users of Polish Catholic forums. The qualitative analysis of online discourse makes it possible to point out several themes, i.e., according to the linguistic concept, "algorithm" is the source domain used in explanations of religious issues (God as the creator of the algorithm, the soul as the algorithm); algorithms and the effects of their work are combined with the individualization and personalization of religion; algorithms are perceived as ideological machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that the long-standing assumption that Chan Buddhism began as a meditation movement is outdated and needs to be replaced by a paradigm that sees the origins of Chan in a set of literary inventions that took form in the mid-Tang era and were designed to prove that the totality of tradition was owned by certain masters of the day. These bold claims to own perfect tradition were bolstered by newly invented genealogies that worked to show that this or that master was, in effect, a descendant of the Indian Buddha, and, thus, a quasi-Buddha himself. Further finessing these efforts to take over final authority in the world of Tang Buddhism was the studied use of Daoist tropes to naturalize and soften these aggressive claims, all in order to make them more appealing to elite readers who could now be impressed by decidedly Chinese-looking portrayals of perfect Buddhism, set on the timeless ground of the Great Dao, where there could be no competition, envy, literary pretensions, or even Buddhist practices—just pure and total truth in the body of a Chinese man. In trying to make sense of this cycle of carefully rewriting the past in order to control the present (and future), it should be clear that we need to switch to a paradigm that accepts that the seductive reinvention of tradition was done consciously and with no small amount of craft and cunning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power inequalities and structural racism are long-standing problems within the humanitarian aid sector. Staff from high income countries typically work as "international staff," receiving better treatment than "national staff" from low- and middle-income countries. This can result in harm not only to those disadvantaged by the system but also to those who appear to be benefiting from but are morally conflicted by systemic disparities. Ten current and former international humanitarians, with careers spanning from 3 to 15 years, were interviewed for this qualitative exploratory research. Participants were asked to share occupational experiences that they perceived to be morally troubling and to describe any mental health or other implications. Using Thematic Analysis, responses were coded and grouped into key themes highlighting inequities between international and national staff in - (1) decision-making authority and roles, (2) salary, contract status, leave and access to medical services, (3) access to equipment and other resources and (4) security risks. Participants described morally conflicting events vis-à-vis structural inequities and corresponding psychological, social, and behavioural outcomes that suggest the presence of moral distress in international aid workers. Reform of the humanitarian system is necessary for both individuals and operations to thrive, as we work collectively to decolonise aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkey Journal of Theological Studies is the property of Turkey Journal of Theological Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurist-Diction is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Sosial Humaniora is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study is to further examine regulations related to the Notary Supervisory Board concerning the supervision of notarial ethical codes and to assess the responsibilities of notaries in case of duty violations. The research method employed is normative, utilizing a legislative approach and descriptive analysis. The findings of the study aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the Notary Supervisory Board in fulfilling their duties in terms of legislation, assess the need for regulatory updates to enhance supervisory effectiveness, and evaluate the impact of notarial duty violations on parties involved in transactions or acts prepared by notaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article interrogates the widely held, but rarely defended, view that states wield legitimate power over potential immigrants when and because they refrain from violating their human rights. I reconstruct a strong argument for this view, which turns on a claim about the limited power states claim over migrants. Drawing on recent empirical work, I show how this argument is inapplicable to the border regimes of a set of wealthy democracies. These regimes are characterized by a practice that is coordinated and extraterritorial in a way that undercuts the case for holding them to a minimal legitimacy standard. By participating in this practice, these states wield significant power over potential immigrants. I argue that this power exposes potential immigrants to novel risk, which in turn triggers a demand for the satisfaction of a higher standard of legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study serves two main purposes. First, it aims to provide a definition of ancient biography that can account for the genre's diversity without viewing this diversity as problematic. Second, the study seeks to introduce the canonical gospels, describe their shared and distinct features to ancient biography and emphasise the implications of this approach for the interpretation of the gospels, which are frequently overlooked in contemporary research. As I point out, the first goal can be achieved by distinguishing between primary characteristics (an explicit focus on the life of a single protagonist and the intention to provide their life as a model for imitation) and secondary characteristics (historicity, paratexts, structure, length of life, and used material). These secondary characteristics may vary, but they presume the presence of the so-called primary characteristics. Furthermore, I argue that the canonical gospels have all of the primary characteristics of ancient biography, a conclusion supported by many contemporary scholars. I point to a fundamental aspect in which the Gospels differ from other Greco-Roman biographies, namely the construction of the reliability of the text and the different self-understanding of the authors who considered themselves - as I have argued - inspired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instructional routines, like Number Talks and Notice and Wonder, engage students in doing and then talking about their mathematical thinking. Number Talk routines are short mathematical discussions where students mentally solve and share the strategies they used to make sense of the problem. In comparison, the Notice and Wonder routine asks students to reflect on a high-interest visual prompt with multiple entry points, share their noticings and wonderings, and then the teacher steers the discussion toward a mathematical question to explore further. But what happens when the Notice and Wonder routine is used in conjunction with a Number Talk? In this descriptive case study, we analyze whether and how this variation of a Number Talk provides a class of third-grade students opportunities to exercise agency. Findings from this study yielded two major themes: 1) agency is built when authority is shared during a mathematical discussion, and 2) Notice and Wonder is an instructional routine that supports sharing authority. We then discuss why this matters and next steps for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Respondeat superior is a legal doctrine conferring liability from one party onto another because the latter stands in some relationship of authority over the former. Though originally a doctrine of tort law, for the past century it has been used within the criminal law, especially to the end of securing criminal liability for corporations. Here, I argue that on at least one prominent conception of criminal responsibility, we are not justified in using this doctrine in this way. Firms are not answerable for the crimes committed by their employees, because firms cannot answer as to why the crime was committed; they lack the authority to offer the employee's reasons for action. Though this rules out respondeat superior as a general principle, I show contexts in which vicarious liability is still appropriate in the criminal law, and I respond to a number of other concerns raised by this picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on vision of an actual or imagined higher authority or power. Topics include Archism refers to those power systems that are based on imagined ends, on perfect futures, teleological destinations and secularized forms of political theology; and associating their desires with higher causes, the archons effectively superimpose their will by speaking for these higher truths.

Research Summary: We evaluate a pilot in an Inspections Department to explore the returns to a pair of algorithms that varied in their sophistication. We find that both algorithms provided substantial prediction gains, suggesting that even simple data may be helpful. However, these gains did not result in improved decisions. Inspectors often used their decision authority to override algorithmic recommendations, partly to consider other organizational objectives without improving outcomes. Interviews with 55 departments find that while some ran pilots seeking to prioritize inspections using data, all provided considerable decision authority to inspectors. These findings suggest that for algorithms to improve managerial decisions, organizations must consider both the returns to algorithms in the context and how decision authority is managed. Managerial Summary: We evaluate a pilot in an Inspections Department to explore the returns to algorithms on decisions. We find that the greatest gains in this context come from integrating data into the decision process in the form of simple heuristics, rather than from increasing algorithmic sophistication or additional data. We also find that these improvements in prediction do not fully translate into improved decisions. Decision‐makers were less likely to follow data‐driven recommendations, partly in consideration of other organizational objectives, but without substantially improving on them overall. These findings suggest that organizations should consider the returns to technical sophistication in each context, and that the design and management of decision authority can be a key choice that impacts the value organizations can capture from using predictive analytics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International institutions are facing increasing criticism of the legitimacy of their authority. But what does it mean for an international institution to be legitimate? Arthur Applbaum's latest book provides a convincing new concept of legitimacy, namely, the power-liability view, and a new normative conception, the free group agent account. However, it is not clear how they can be applied to the international level. First, this paper examines how different concepts of legitimacy can be applied to international institutions. Second, it assesses three different conceptions of legitimacy, namely, the service conception, Applbaum's free group agent account and the autonomy-based conception for the international level. It outlines how on the last conception, international institutions' legitimacy depends on three different aspects required to protect autonomy: the political power of the institution; its purpose; and its relation to other institutions. Finally, the paper argues that the creation of an international institution should be seen as part of relational legitimacy and that state consent plays an important role to protect the political autonomy of peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between management and leadership development and leadership practice. Critical studies of management and leadership development programmes have mainly focused on such programmes as spaces for identity work and/or identity regulation. This article extends the literature by investigating the notion of organisation, the organisational view, in a large management and leadership development programme and how it works as a source of authority for the participating managers. Our inquiry is based on ethnographic studies of both an in-house management and leadership development programme in a large Danish public organisation and of the managerial practice of six participating managers. Drawing on a communicative constitution of organisations perspective, we analyse how the management and leadership development programme (re)produces a unitarist organisational text, an organisational view that assumes the members of the organisation have the same goals and perspectives. We further analyse how this organisational text shapes the authority relationships that managers engage in in their leadership practice. The article demonstrates how the unitarist organisational text fails in authorising participating managers as it clashes with the plurality of perspectives and interests in the organisation and is not recognised as a source of authority by employees and collaborators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research discusses the authority to adjudicate fisheries criminal cases in the Republic of Indonesia State Fisheries Management area (WPPNRI) and the regulatory concept based on the principle of legal certainty. This research aims to analyze and discover the nature of the authority and regulatory concept for adjudicating fisheries criminal cases in Indonesia based on the principle of legal certainty. The method used in this research is a normative legal method using data collection techniques through literature study which are then analyzed through step-by-step descriptions of legal interpretation, systematization, evaluation, and legal argumentation. The research results show that the authority to adjudicate fisheries criminal cases at WPPNRI is absolute (absolute competence or attribution) to accept and decide fisheries disputes, and has relative authority (distribution or relative) based on the general court area. This regulatory concept is proposed by reconstructing Article 106 of the Fisheries Law so that the fisheries court becomes the only institution adjudicating fisheries cases. Establishing a fisheries court in each province is expected to end the dualism of authority and create legal certainty. Therefore, it's necessary to reconstruct Article 106 of the Fisheries Law by increasing the number of special fisheries courts, practitioners, and law enforcers to increase synergy between investigators and fisheries supervisors to protect fish resources and ensure their benefits for the welfare of the Indonesian people.

The article focuses on a reflective dialogue between scholars, Carl T. Woods and John van der Kamp, examining the intersection of ecological responsibility and sport science. It explores how interdisciplinary thinking and collective inquiry can address ecological crises, emphasizing the role of sport and human movement sciences in fostering sustainable practices and rethinking human interaction with the environment.

This research aims to analyze the role of the Regional Supervisory Council in enforcing the Law on Notary Positions in East Lombok Regency, the form of supervision carried out by the Regional Supervisory Council (MPD) on Notaries in the East Lombok area. This research is empirical juridical legal research, namely legal research regarding the application and implementation of legal provisions that apply to the conditions in society. The results of the study show that the supervision carried out by the MPD for notaries in East Lombok Regency is providing seminars on notarialism, holding meetings once a month, which the MPD and notaries attend to evaluate the performance of fellow notaries in East Lombok district and make visits at least once a year to check notary protocols. The law on the Position of Notaries (UUJN) is a guideline for notaries in carrying out their duties and responsibilities. If a notary commits a violation, the MPD will report it to the MPW (Regional Supervisory Council) and be given sanctions.

Dealing with counter-revolution is a tricky business. For while the word "counter-revolution" signifies opposition to revolution, it is first important to get to grips with the principles of revolution. And while principles are ideas, their application and implementation presuppose a terrain capable of receiving them - in other words, a society ready for revolution. It's in this sense that we need to think about a counter-revolution. It's one thing to know the contours and guiding ideas, but quite another to be able to apply and realize them in a society. This is where a good counter-revolution, like a revolution, must unite the philosopher and the politician, the man of ideas and the man of realizations.

The author addresses the problem of the superior’s authority and its importance in commanding subordinates in uniformed services. Based on the analysis of the source literature and his own experiences, he defines the concept of authority and interprets its types. In the context of reflections on the subject of authority, he also defines the concepts of command and leadership and indicates the positive consequences of liberating authority but also to the negative implications of authoritarian management of subordinates.

The subject of the study is the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state civil service of the Russian Federation. These norms provide additional guarantees for state civil servants of the Russian Federation for lump-sum subsidy aimed at acquiring accommodation. The purpose of the study is to consider the legal significance of a lump-sum subsidy for buying accommodation, to identify the conditions for the right to this subsidy, to determine whether it is mandatory or optional for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to exercise their powers to provide employees of the subject of the Russian Federation with a lump-sum subsidy for the accommodation, to propose amendments to the legislation. The methodology of the study are such scientific methods as formal legal, structural functional approaches, comparison, research and analysis of studies and regulations. The study uses scientific research in the field of social security law and economic sciences. As a result of the study, the paper substantiates that a lump-sum subsidy for accommodation is provided in order to ensure the social security of civil servants of the Russian Federation. The right to this payment should be assigned only to those civil servants of the Russian Federation who need it and who, without the state support, are not able to change their financial situation and acquire accommodation. The paper proves the need for codifying the conditions for the right to this lump-sum subsidy. Using the analysis of federal and regional legislation that defines the powers of public law entities in the sphere under consideration, the paper proves the obligatory adoption of legal acts aimed at exercising the right of a civil servant of the Russian Federation to a lump-sum subsidy for the accommodation, regardless of the finances of the relevant budget. In order to have a unified legal regulation of the relations under consideration, the study substantiates the need to combine basic and additional state guarantees for civil servants of the Russian Federation, and presents specific proposals for changing federal legislation.

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia has issued Circular Letter Number 2 of 2023, stipulating that courts are not permitted to approve requests for the registration of interfaith marriages. However, it is crucial to highlight the principle that Indonesian judges must exercise their duties independently, devoid of external interference. Judges are expected to uphold qualities of independence, impartiality, fairness, and responsibility, refraining from influencing the provision of material to litigants to prevent moral distortion. This article aims to elucidate the role of the aforementioned circular letter concerning the judge's independence within the judicial process in Indonesia. The research methodology employed involves normative legal methods, coupled with a structured analysis of legal norms and principles. The findings of the research underscore two key points. Firstly, the urgency of regulating the determination of marriages involving different religions and beliefs in the judicial process is rooted in the objective of aligning court resolutions with the philosophical underpinnings of the Indonesian nation. Secondly, it is emphasized that the Circular Letter in question does not hold binding authority for judges in the adjudication of cases, particularly those involving interfaith marriages. The autonomy of judicial power, as enshrined in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and further detailed in Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, affords judges the freedom to independently decide on cases brought before them. This regulatory framework underscores the imperative of preserving the unfettered discretion of judges in their adjudicative functions.