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The present article aims at analyzing the social and ontological effects of listening music online, with particular attention to the artistic practice of improvisation. In the first paragraph, I will briefly explain the essential concepts which ontology of music has traditionally counted on, and I will suggest an alternative theoretical approach, that I define as ontology of musical act. Then I will investigate the relation between recording practices and improvisation. In the final paragraph I will compare some features of musical recordings (suggested by Andrew Kania) with those of technological devices that allow us to listen music online., Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2016): Aesthetics of streaming

Factors known to affect melanoma survival include age at presentation, sex and tumor characteristics. Polymorphisms also appear to modulate survival following diagnosis. Result from other studies suggest that vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (SNPs) impact survival in patients with glioma, renal cell carcinoma, lung, breast, prostate and other cancers; however, a comprehensive study of VDR polymorphisms and melanoma-specific survival is lacking. We aimed to investigate whether VDR genetic variation influences survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma. The analysis involved 3566 incident single and multiple primary melanoma cases enrolled in the international population-based Genes, Environment, and Melanoma Study. Melanoma-specific survival outcomes were calculated for each of 38 VDR SNPs using a competing risk analysis after adjustment for covariates. There were 254 (7.1%) deaths due to melanoma during the median 7.6 years follow-up period. VDR SNPs rs7299460, rs3782905, rs2239182, rs12370156, rs2238140, rs7305032, rs1544410 (BsmI) and rs731236 (TaqI) each had a statistically significant (trend P values < 0.05) association with melanoma-specific survival in multivariate analysis. One functional SNP (rs2239182) remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing using the Monte Carlo method. None of the SNPs associated with survival were significantly associated with Breslow thickness, ulceration or mitosis. These results suggest that the VDR gene may influence survival from melanoma, although the mechanism by which VDR exerts its effect does not seem driven by tumor aggressiveness. Further investigations are needed to confirm our results and to understand the relationship between VDR and survival in the combined context of tumor and host characteristics.

This essay aims at clarifying the relation between the notions of formativity and improvisation, with particular attention to musical practices. Firstly, I will focus on originality and exemplarity, then I will briefly deepen three themes of particular interest faced by Pareyson’s philosophy of art: 1) the unforeseen; 2) the interpretation; 3) the cue or sketch. My purpose is to suggest some adjustments to the notion of formativity, in order to outline the essential features of a logic of musical improvisation. &nbsp

This paper describes a hybrid human-machine interface, based on electro-oculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG), which allows the mouse control of a personal computer using eye movement and the voluntary contraction of any facial muscle. The bioelectrical signals are sensed through adhesives electrodes, and acquired by a custom designed portable and wireless system. The mouse can be moved in any direction, vertical, horizontal and diagonal, by two EOG channels and the EMG signal is used to perform the mouse click action. Blinks are avoided by a decision algorithm and the natural reading of the screen is possible with a specially designed software. A virtual keyboard was used for the experiments with healthy people and with a severely disabled patient. The results demonstrate an intuitive and accessible control, evaluated in terms of performance, time for task execution and user´s acceptance. Besides, a quantitative index to estimate the training impact was computed with good results. Fil: López Celani, Natalia Martina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica y Automática. Gabinete de Tecnología Médica; Argentina Fil: Orosco, Eugenio Conrado. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Automática; Argentina Fil: Pérez Berenguer, María Elisa. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica y Automática. Gabinete de Tecnología Médica; Argentina Fil: Bajinay, Sergio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica y Automática. Gabinete de Tecnología Médica; Argentina Fil: Zanetti, Roberto. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica y Automática. Gabinete de Tecnología Médica; Argentina Fil: Valentinuzzi, Maximo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica y Automática. Gabinete de Tecnología Médica; Argentina

Recent studies including genome-wide association studies have identified several putative low-penetrance susceptibility loci for melanoma. We sought to determine their generalizability to genetic predisposition for multiple primary melanoma in the international population-based Genes, Environment, and Melanoma (GEM) Study. GEM is a case-control study of 1,206 incident cases of multiple primary melanoma and 2,469 incident first primary melanoma participants as the control group. We investigated the odds of developing multiple primary melanoma for 47 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 21 distinct genetic regions previously reported to be associated with melanoma. ORs and 95% CIs were determined using logistic regression models adjusted for baseline features (age, sex, age by sex interaction, and study center). We investigated univariable models and built multivariable models to assess independent effects of SNPs. Eleven SNPs in 6 gene neighborhoods (TERT/CLPTM1L, TYRP1, MTAP, TYR, NCOA6, and MX2) and a PARP1 haplotype were associated with multiple primary melanoma. In a multivariable model that included only the most statistically significant findings from univariable modeling and adjusted for pigmentary phenotype, back nevi, and baseline features, we found TERT/CLPTM1L rs401681 (P = 0.004), TYRP1 rs2733832 (P = 0.006), MTAP rs1335510 (P = 0.0005), TYR rs10830253 (P = 0.003), and MX2 rs45430 (P = 0.008) to be significantly associated with multiple primary melanoma while NCOA6 rs4911442 approached significance (P = 0.06). The GEM study provides additional evidence for the relevance of these genetic regions to melanoma risk and estimates the magnitude of the observed genetic effect on development of subsequent primary melanoma.

NRAS and BRAF mutations in melanoma inform current treatment paradigms but their role in survival from primary melanoma has not been established. Identification of patients at high risk of melanoma-related death based on their primary melanoma characteristics before evidence of recurrence could inform recommendations for patient follow-up and eligibility for adjuvant trials.

This bachelor thesis deals with impacts of road traffic on environment in Brno and tries to find its causes and consequences. The objective of the thesis is to map density of road traffic, attitude of population towards current traffic situation and environment including possible solutions. I focused on particular problematic areas and did a field research. Researched problem was processed through qualitative survey with experts and quantitative survey using questionnaires. I processed data via statistical formulas in Excel program and I put the evaluation in graphs. Benefit of the thesis is mapping current traffic situation in Brno including its risky areas and evaluation of the most stressed areas and evaluation of air quality over the past years. Based on the survey data there is a possibility to improve current traffic situation and improve environment in Brno itself.

Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) is a marker of melanoma risk in populations of European ancestry. However, MC1R effects on survival are much less studied. We investigated associations between variation at MC1R and survival in an international, population-based series of single primary melanoma patients enrolled into the Genes, Environment, and Melanoma study. MC1R genotype data was available for 2,200 participants with a first incident primary melanoma diagnosis. We estimated the association of MC1R genotypes with melanoma-specific survival (i.e., death caused by melanoma) and overall survival using COX proportional hazards modeling, adjusting for established prognostic factors for melanoma. We also conducted stratified analyses by Breslow thickness, tumor site, phenotypic index, and age. In addition, we evaluated haplotypes involving polymorphisms near the Agouti signaling protein gene (ASIP) locus for their impacts on survival. Melanoma-specific survival was inversely associated with carriage of MC1R variants in the absence of consensus alleles compared to carriage of at least one consensus allele (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40, 0.90). MC1R results for overall survival were consistent with no association. We did not observe any statistical evidence of heterogeneity of effect estimates in stratified analyses. We observed increased hazard of melanoma-specific death among carriers of the risk haplotype TG near the ASIP locus (HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.91, 2.04) when compared to carriers of the most common GG haplotype. Similar results were noted for overall survival. Upon examining the ASIP TG/TG diplotype, we observed considerably increased hazard of melanoma-specific death (HR = 5.11; 95% CI: 1.88, 13.88) compared to carriers of the most common GG/GG diplotype. Our data suggest improved melanoma-specific survival among carriers of two inherited MC1R variants.

A rare germline variant in the MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) gene, E318K, has been reported as associated with melanoma. We confirmed its independent association with melanoma (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.1, 2.7, p = 0.03); adjusted for age, sex, center, age*sex interaction, pigmentation characteristics, family history of melanoma and nevus density). In stratified analyses, carriage of MITF E318K was associated with melanoma more strongly in people with dark hair than fair hair (p for interaction, 0.03) and in those with no moles than some or many moles (p for interaction

INTRODUCTION: population-based survival analyses are fundamental to assess the impact of public health interventions and new therapies in cancer control. This monograph updates previous reports on cancer patient survival in Italy up to the year 2007. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we extracted from the Network of Italian Cancer Registries (AIRTUM) database over 1,490,000 records of tumours diagnosed during 1990-2007 and followed up to the end of 2008, including all multiple tumours. We used the Ederer II method to estimate relative survival (RS) for 29 different types of neoplasm. Five-year relative survival rates were analysed by gender and macroarea. Trends in 5-, 10- and 15-year RS were studied by gender over six 3-year diagnostic periods, from 1990 to 2007. Conditional 5-year RS was also computed by gender and macroarea. Hybrid approaches were applied to exploit the recent survival experiences of cases diagnosed up to 2007. Adjustment for age was performed using EUROCARE weights. Additional sections describe cancer patient survival in childhood and in elderly patients and provide a comparison of cancer patient survival rates in Italy with those of other countries. RESULTS: Standardized 5-year RS for all tumours but skin in 52% for men and 61% for women. Patient survival has improved for almost all types of cancer: from 1990 to 2007 5-year RS has increased by 15% for all cancers but skin; the exceptions are some cancers with poor prognosis, where patient survival has remained basically unchanged. In males, RS was usually lower than in females, but trend analysis shows that the gap is narrowing. We also report persisting lower RS in southern Italy: 5-year RS in the South is usually from 4% to 10% lower than in the North and Centre. CONCLUSION: this study provides valuable information for all stakeholders in cancer control, both in Italy and elsewhere. Increasing survival reflects improvements in various areas of cancer control. On the other hand, delayed diagnosis and suboptimal management are consistent with the reported differences in survival within the country.

Background: Solar elastosis adjacent to melanomas in histologic sections is regarded as an indicator of sun exposure, although the associations of UV exposure and phenotype with solar elastosis are yet to be fully explored. Methods: The study included 2,589 incident primary melanoma patients with assessment of histologic solar elastosis in the population-based Genes, Environment, and Melanoma study. Ambient erythemal UV (UVE) at places of residence and sun exposure hours, including body site-specific exposure, were collected. We examined the association of cumulative site-specific and non-site-specific sun exposure hours and ambient UVE with solar elastosis in multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, center, pigmentary characteristics, nevi, and, where relevant, body site. Results: Solar elastosis was associated most strongly with site-specific UVE [odds ratio (OR) for top exposure quartile, 5.20; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.40-7.96; P for trend 70 years, 7.69; 95% CI, 5.14-11.52; P for trend < 0.001) and having more than 10 back nevi (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.97; P = 0.03) were independently associated with solar elastosis. Conclusion: Solar elastosis had a strong association with higher site-specific UVE dose, older age, and fewer nevi. Impact: Solar elastosis could be a useful biomarker of lifetime site-specific UV. Future research is needed to explore whether age represents more than simple accumulation of sun exposure and to determine why people with more nevi may be less prone to solar elastosis. Fil: Thomas, Nancy E.. Fil: Kricker, Anne. Fil: From, Lynn. Fil: Busam, Klaus. Fil: Millikan, Robert C.. Fil: Ritchey, Mary E.. Fil: Armstrong, Bruce K.. Fil: Lee-Taylor, Julia. Fil: Marrett, Loraine D.. Fil: Anton-Culver, Hoda. Fil: Zanetti, Roberto. Fil: Rosso, Stefano. Fil: Gallagher, Richard P.. Fil: Dwyer, Terence. Fil: Goumas, Chris. Fil: Kanetsky, Peter A.. Fil: Begg, Colin B.. Fil: Orlow, Irene. Fil: Wilcox, Homer. Fil: Paine, Susan. Fil: Berwick, Marianne. Fil: Mujumdar, Urvi. Fil: Hummer, Amanda J.. Fil: Mitra, Nandita. Fil: Roy, Pampa. Fil: Canchola, Rebecca. Fil: Clas, Brian. Fil: Cotignola, Javier Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina Fil: Monroe, Yvette. Fil: Litchfield, Melisa. Fil: Tucker, Paul. Fil: Stephens, Nicola. Fil: Switzer, Teresa. Fil: Theis, Elizabeth. Fil: Chowdhury, Noori. Fil: Vanasse, Louise. Fil: Purdue, Mark. Fil: Northrup, David. Fil: Sacerdote, Carlotta. Fil: Leighton, Nancy. Fil: Gildea, Maureen. Fil: Gruber, Stephen B.. Fil: Bonner, Joe. Fil: Jeter, Joanne. Fil: Klotz, Judith. Fil: Weiss, Helen. Fil: Mattingly, Dianne. Fil: Player, Jon. Fil: Tse, Chiu-Kit. Fil: Rebbeck, Timothy R.. Fil: Kanetsky, Peter. Fil: Walker, Amy. Fil: Panossian, Saarene. Fil: Mohrenweiser, Harvey. Fil: Setlow, Richard. Fil: Taylor, Julia Lee. Fil: Madronich, Sasha.

This is an update of incidence and mortality cancer data provided by the Italian Network of Cancer Registry (AIRTUM) relative to the period 2003-2005.AIRTUM is a network of general and specialized population-based cancer registries that covers about 1/3 of the Italian resident population (www.registri-tumori.it). Incidence and mortality data for the period 2003-2005 are based on 20 Registries. The five most frequently diagnosed cancers were: - prostate (18.5%), non melanoma skin (15.8%), lung (13.1%), colorectal (12.0%), bladder (5.7%) among males; - breast (24.9%), non melanoma skin (15.1%), colorectal (11.9%), lung (5.0%) and stomach (4.1%) among females. In the same period the most frequent causes of cancer death were: - cancer of the lung (27.6%), colorectal (10.7%), prostate (8.5%), stomach (7.3%) and liver (6.1%) among males; - breast cancer (16.3%), colorectal (11.9%), lung (10.3%), stomach (7.2%) and pancreas (6.5%) among females. According to the age-specific incidence rates one man and one woman every two will receive a cancer diagnosis during his/hers life (from birth to the age of 84 years). From 1993-1995 to 2003-2005, overall crude cancer incidence rate (males and females together) increased from 555.4 to 654.8 x 100,000. Standardization showed that 63% of this increase was due to ageing of the population. Moreover, most of the residual increase was among those cancer sites (breast, prostate, colorectal, thyroid and melanoma) for which early detection may have played a relevant role in anticipating (and therefore increasing) the number of diagnoses. Due to population ageing also overall cancer mortality did not show any decrease when crude rates were compared. On the contrary, standardized mortality rates (all cancers together) showed a strong decrease (311.4 vs. 266.5 x 100.000). The risk of receiving a diagnosis or dying because of cancer is still lower in residents in the regions of the South of Italy than in those of Central and Northern Italy, but they are becoming more and more similar. In Italy cancer incidence and mortality rates are similar to those in northern European countries and in USA among males, but they are still lower for women.

Desde hace más de 30 años el Instituto Forestal de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina, ha realizado la introducción de clones de álamos de diversos orígenes, con el fin de evaluar sus comportamientos frente a agentes bióticos y abióticos, ampliar la base genética disponible y mejorar los rendimientos volumétricos promedio de las plantaciones comerciales de la región. Como parte de esta línea de investigación, en 1996 se instaló un ensayo en un establecimiento agrícola-forestal ubicado en el Departamento de San Carlos, provincia de Mendoza, a los 33°46' S; 69°02' O y 940 msnm. Se evaluaron 10 clones de álamos: cuatro P. x deltoides (Stoneville 124, EEA Delta 107/68, INTA 69/69, Fierolo) y seis Populus x canadensis (El Campeador, Neva, Luisa Avanzo, B. L. Constanzo, I-42, I-455), que se dispusieron en parcelas de 9 plantas cada una distribuidas al azar con 4 repeticiones. La distancia de plantación fue de 4 x 6 m. Se realizaron mediciones anuales de diámetro altura pecho (DAP) y altura total de los árboles, además de registrar periódicamente el estado sanitario, en particular en lo referido a la presencia de ataques de cancrosis producida por Septoria musiva Peck. Los clones que produjeron un mayor volumen de madera/ha fueron: Stoneville 124 con una producción de 322 m3/ha, EEA Delta 107/68 con 293 m3/ha, INTA 69/69 con 285 m3/ha y Fierolo con 239 m3/ha. El clon Luisa Avanzo y el clon I-42 presentaron una alta susceptibilidad a cancrosis, lo que motivó un altísimo porcentaje de fallas a partir del tercer año, fallas que se repitieron en menor medida en el resto de los clones P. x canadensis. Cabe concluir que los clones con mejor comportamiento bajo las condiciones del ensayo fueron: Stoneville 124, EEA Delta 107/68 e INTA 69/69. The Forestry Institute from Faculty of Agronomic Sciences depending on the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (República Argentina) has introduced Poplar Clones from a different origens to evaluate their behaviours against of Biotic and Abiotic agents, to widen the known genetic base as well as to improve the volumetric average produced by the commercial plantations in the area. Following this line of research, in 1996 a trial was installed in an agro-forestry development placed in Departament of San Carlos, Province of Mendoza at 33°46' S, 69°02' W, and at 940 mosl. Ten Poplar Clones were evaluated: 4 P. x deltoides (Stoneville 124, EEA Delta 107/68, INTA 69/69, Fierolo) and 6 P. x canadensis (El Campeador, Neva, Luisa Avanzo, B. L. Constanzo, I-42, I-455) which were placed in plots of 9 plants each, at random with 4 replicates. Distance of plantation was 4 x 6 m. There were made yearly measurements of diameter al breast height (DBH), and total height of trees, also there were made periodical registers of sanitary situation particulary referred to the precense of cancrosis attacks. The mayor volume in wood production per hectarea was given by Stoneville 124; 322 m3/ha, EEA Delta 107/68: 293 m3/ha, INTA 69/69: 285 m3/ha and Fierolo: 239 m3/ha. The Luisa Avanzo clon showed a great susceptibility to cancrosis, which provoked a highly percentage of loss of trees during the first three year, fact which was repeated by the rest of the euramerican clones in a lower scale. Conclusion: the best behaviour under trial conditions was given by : Stoneville 124, EEA Delta 107/68 and INTA 69/69. Fil: Riu, Nuria. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria Fil: Bustamante, Juan A.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria Fil: Calderón, Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria Fil: Perez, Silvina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria Fil: Settepani, Valeria. Fil: Zanetti, Roberto Paulo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria