Search

Objectives: Early pregnancy loss is a major clinical concern in animal and human reproduction, which is largely influenced by embryo implantation. The importance of methionine for embryo implantation is widely neglected. Materials and methods: We performed a series of experiments with primiparous rats fed diets containing different levels of methionine during early pregnancy to investigate the role of methionine in embryonic implantation and pregnancy outcomes, and used them to perform in vivo metabolic assessments and in vitro uterine explant culture. In addition, through transcriptome analysis and silencing the expression of cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS, the key enzyme in transsulfuration pathway) and cell adhesion assay, we measured signalling within Ishikawa, pTr and JAR cells. Results: We determined the relevance and underlying mechanism of methionine on embryo implantation. We showed that methionine deprivation sharply decreased embryo implantation sites, expression of CBS and transsulfuration pathway end products, which were reversed by maternal methionine supplementation during early pregnancy. Moreover, we found CBS improved methionine‐mediated cell proliferation and DNA synthesis by CBS inhibition or interference. In addition, transcriptome analysis also revealed that CBS influenced the signalling pathway‐associated cell proliferation and DNA synthesis, as well as a correlation between CBS and methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), implying that MAT2A was possibly involved in cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. Further analysis revealed that MAT2A influenced S‐adenosylmethionine receptor SAMTOR expression, and SAMTOR activated mTORC1 and its downstream S6K1 and CAD, ultimately enhancing DNA synthesis in the embryo and uterus. Conclusions: Taken together, these studies demonstrate that CBS and MAT2A improve methionine‐mediated DNA synthesis through SAMTOR/mTORC1/S6K1/CAD pathway during embryo implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of vancomycin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were studied after oral administration of a single dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight at water temperature of 18°C. The drug concentration‐time data were fitted using a two‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption. The vancomycin concentrations in plasma and tissues including muscle, liver and kidney were analyzed by means of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. As a result, the plasma absorption rate constant of vancomycin was 3.75/hr and the time point of maximum concentration in plasma was 3.0 hr respectively. The maximum concentration of vancomycin in plasma was 216.58 μg/L. The distribution half‐life and the elimination half‐life in plasma were 6.69 hr and 190 hr, as well as the absorption half‐life of plasma was 0.19/hr. The area under the plasma concentration‐time curve of plasma was 15.12 mg hr/L. The apparent volume of distribution of plasma was estimated to be 4.45 L/kg and the total body clearance was computed as 0.061 L hr−1 kg−1. In addition, the maximum tissue concentrations of vancomycin were in the order of liver > kidney > muscle. To guarantee the safety of tissue samples for consumption, it was suggested that the withdrawal time should not be less than 30 days at 18°C. All these results may provide guidance for future vancomycin treatment in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eugenol is the most commonly used plant anesthetic to relieve the stressors during various aquaculture procedures. This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp by immersion baths in a simulated transportation. Results: The pharmacokinetics of eugenol were firstly investigated in Pacific white shrimp by immersion baths of 300 mg L− 1 eugenol over 5 min (Treatment 1), 10 mg L− 1 eugenol during 24 h (Treatment 2) and a sequential immersion administration (Treatment 3). Concentrations of eugenol in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and muscle were determined using Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). After immersion bath of Treatment 1, the elimination half-life (t1/2z) values are 1.3 h and 11 h for hepatopancreas and muscles, indicating the rapid absorption and elimination of eugenol in shrimp. Under the Treatment 2 administration, the eugenol peak concentration is 6527.9 μg/kg in muscle, followed by 402.8 μg/kg in hepatopancreas, with the lowest concentration of 37.9 μg/L in hemolymph. Area under the curve (AUC0-∞) values lie in the order of muscle > hepatopancreas > hemolymph, suggesting that eugenol tends to accumulate in muscle by the immersion administration. Moreover, the average residence time (MRT0-∞) values of 38.6, 23.0 and 115.3 h for hemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle are achieved, which may indicate that hepatopancreas is the main organ for elimination of eugenol. After combining the conditions in a sequential bath immersion of eugenol (Treatment 3), the maximum concentration (Cmax) values of eugenol are higher than those achieved in Treatment 2, indicating that accumulation of eugenol happened in haemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle. In addition, the corresponding t1/2z values are 4.7, 14.9 and 47.6 h, respectively, suggesting the faster elimination from the tissues following sequential administration. After the immersion bath, eugenol concentrations in muscle of Pacific white shrimp are lower than 2.5 mg/kg at 2 h, 48 h and 24.5 h in Treatment 1 ~ 3. Conclusions: A withdrawal period of 2 h, 48 h and 24.5 h following a 300 mg L− 1 of eugenol over a 5-min, 10 mg L− 1 eugenol concentration during a 24-h and combined conditions in a sequential immersion bath were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-carbon metabolism is a key metabolic network that integrates nutritional signals with embryonic development. However, the response of one-carbon metabolism to methionine status and the regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, we found that methionine supplementation during pregnancy significantly increased fetal number and average fetal weight. In addition, methionine modulated one-carbon metabolism primarily through 2 metabolic enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), which were significantly increased in fetal liver tissues and porcine trophoblast (pTr) cells in response to proper methionine supplementation. CBS and MAT2A overexpression enhanced the DNA synthesis in pTr cells. More importantly, we identified a transcription factor, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), that was the primary regulator of CBS and MAT2A, which bound directly to promoters and negatively regulated the expression of CBS and MAT2A. Taken together, our findings identified that DDIT3 targeting CBS and MAT2A was a novel regulatory pathway that mediated cellular one-carbon metabolism in response to methionine signal and provided promising targets to improve pregnancy health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCS (Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling) proteins are intracellular negative regulators that primarily modulate and inhibit cytokine-mediated signal transduction, playing a crucial role in immune homeostasis and related inflammatory diseases. SOCS act as inhibitors by regulating the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, thereby intervening in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have also demonstrated their involvement in central immunity and neuroinflammation, showing a dual functionality. However, the specific mechanisms of SOCS in the central nervous system remain unclear. This review thoroughly elucidates the specific mechanisms linking the SOCS-JAK-STAT pathway with the inflammatory manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on this, it proposes the theory that SOCS proteins can regulate the JAK-STAT pathway and inhibit the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Additionally, this review explores in detail the current therapeutic landscape and potential of targeting SOCS in the brain via the JAK-STAT pathway for neuroinflammation, offering insights into potential targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. • SOCS is capable of regulating central immune and neuroinflammatory by JAK-STAT pathway and exhibit dual functionality. • The SOCS-JAK-STAT pathway is a promising therapeutic target and choice for inflammatory neurological diseases. • SOCS mimetics and drugs represent a new perspective for targeting the SOCS-JAK-STAT pathway to inhibit neuroinflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothelial cells play an important role in the metabolism of adipose tissue (AT). This study aimed to analyze the changes that adipose tissue in AT endothelial cells undergo during the development of obesity, using single-nucleus RNA sequence (snRNA-seq). Mouse paraepididymal AT cells were subjected to snRNA-seq with the 10X Genomics platform. The cell types were then clustered using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and unbiased computational informatics analyses. Protein–protein interactions network was established using the STRING database and visualized using Cytoscape. The dataset was subjected to differential gene enrichment analysis. In total, 21,333 cells acquired from 24 mouse paraepididymal AT samples were analyzed using snRNA-seq. This study identified 18 distinct clusters and annotated macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, T cells, endothelial cells, stem cells, neutrophil cells, and neutrophil cell types based on representative markers. Cluster 12 was defined as endothelial cells. The proportion of endothelial cells decreased with the development of obesity. Inflammatory factors, such as Vegfa and Prdm16 were upregulated in the medium obesity group but downregulated in the obesity group. Genes, such as Prox1, Erg, Flt4, Kdr, Flt1, and Pecam1 promoted the proliferation of AT endothelial cells and maintained the internal environment of AT. This study established a reference model and general framework for studying the mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets of endothelial cell dysfunction-related diseases at the single-cell level. [Display omitted] • The proportion of endothelial cells in adipose tissue decreased with the development of obesity. • Prox1, Erg, Flt4, Kdr, Flt1, and Pecam1 promoted endothelial cells proliferation and maintained tissue internal environment. • PPAR signaling pathway plays an important function in obese adipose tissue endothelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A facile and green hydrothermal approach for the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N -CQDs) with wolfberry is proposed. • The N -CQDs displayed superior fluorescence characteristics of CQDs with a quantum yield up to 22%. • This N -CQDs is successfully developed for 'on-off' detection of Fe3+ and 'on-off-on' detection of l -ascorbic acid. A green and facile hydrothermal synthesis approach is proposed for the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N -CQDs) with wolfberry. These N -CQDs were developed as a highly sensitive fluorescent 'on-off-on' switch sensor for the sensing of Fe3+ and l -ascorbic acid (AA). The N -CQDs displayed superior fluorescence characteristics of CQDs with a quantum yield up to 22%. The N -CQDs were demonstrated to selectively react with Fe3+, leading to fluorescence quenching effect, which was successfully used for the detection of Fe3+ with a limit of detection at 3 μmoL•L−1. The addition of AA is supposed to repair the surface defects, and result in the fluorescence recovery. Based on this effect, the strategy of 'on-off-on' detection of AA was established with a limit of detection at 1.8 μmoL•L−1. Furthermore, the practical application of the detection of Fe3+ lake water and AA in medical tablet was demonstrated, promising an effective and efficient 'on-off-on' nanosensor with low-cost, green synthesis for Fe3+ and AA detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Protein releases amino acids faster than starch releases glucose in digestive tract of pigs fed low-protein (LP) diets. Poor synchronization of dietary glucose and amino acids supply leads to compromised nitrogen efficiency. Dietary starch patterns modulation may improve this situation. Methods: Growing barrows (29.7 ± 2.0 kg) were randomly allotted into 5 dietary treatments with LP diets consisting of different purified starches. Treatments included: waxy corn starch (W LP), corn starch + waxy corn starch (C + W LP), corn starch (C LP), pea starch + waxy corn starch (P + W LP) and pea starch (P LP). In the experiment, growth performance, protein deposition, nutrient metabolism, and fecal microbial community of pigs were investigated. In vitro starch digestion was used for predicting the in vivo glucose response. Results: Dietary starch in vitro glucose release profile was determined by starch source and the ratio of amylopectin and amylose. C + W LP treatment showed decreased total nitrogen excretion and plasma citrulline concentration and improved plasma leptin concentration among treatments (P < 0.05). Besides, the highest nitrogen apparent biological value, whole-body protein deposition and growth performance and lowest urinary nitrogen excretion were also observed in C + W LP treatment. Compared with the other groups, C + W LP and C LP showed increased plasma pyruvate, IGF-1, and lipase concentrations (P < 0.05). The W LP group presented dramatically increased plasma alanine and urea nitrogen concentration and decreased aldolase and leptin concentrations (P < 0.05). Dietary starch patterns did not make an impact on bacterial richness and diversity, but changed the taxonomic and functional structures of the microbial communities. Microbial protein fermentation product (isobutyrate and isovalerate) presented increased in P LP treatments compared with the other treatments (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Dietary starch patterns modulation can regulate dietary glucose release profile, nutrient metabolism, protein turnover, and fecal microbial fermentation in pigs. The optimal dietary glucose release profile effectively strengthened whole-body protein deposition and improve nitrogen efficiency and growth performance in growing pigs fed LP diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A multi-channel pressure filtration purification method was developed and able to purify up to 15 samples per run. • A unique adsorbent of melamine sponge was selected for rapid and effective purification of drug residues in aquatic products. • A rapid high throughput method was proposed for quantification of 160 pesticide and veterinary drug residues in aquatic products. • A health risk assessment was conducted on pesticides and veterinary drug residues in aquatic products. A 15-channel pressure filtration purification method was presented for high throughput sample preparation of aquatic products. A cost-effective device was constructed and melamine sponge was selected as the cleanup sorbent. Upon interfacing with HPLC-MS/MS, the analytical procedure demonstrated its suitability for quantifying 160 pesticides and veterinary drug residues in aquatic products such as fish, shrimp, and crab. The method achieved sample recoveries ranging from 61.3 to 124.9 %. The detection limits were established between 0.5 and 1.0 μg/kg, while the quantitation limits were confirmed to be within the range of 1.0–2.0 μg/kg. The method was applied to quantify the pesticide and veterinary drug residues in mostly consumed aquatic products from five coastal provinces in China. The results showed significant differences between different aquatic products in the concentrations of pesticide and veterinary drug residues, implying the necessity of supervision for the accurate determination of pesticides and veterinary drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cu2+ doped molecularly imprinting resin was synthesized with hydrophilic monomers. • Cu-MIR presents special recognition to TCs in environmental water. • Cu-MIR was applied for enrichment of TCs in environmental water with satisfactory recoveries. Antibiotic contamination in environmental waters often occurs at low residue levels, necessitating pre-analysis concentration. To address this, we synthesized a hydrophilic molecularly imprinted resin (MIR) using melamine, urea, and formaldehyde as monomers, with oxytetracycline as the template molecule. Enhanced adsorption efficiency was achieved by doping the resin with Cu2+, which forms stable complexes with oxytetracycline. This Cu2+-doped MIR (Cu-MIR) was employed as a selective adsorbent in solid-phase extraction (SPE) to enrich four tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) from aqueous solutions. The optimized parameters for Cu-MIR in environmental water sample analysis resulted in linear detection ranges from 0.20 to 40 ng/mL, recoveries between 80.2 % to 102.4 %, relative standard deviations ≤ 9.0 %, a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL, and the enrichment factors were between 4.79–5.13, as determined by HPLC-MS. Given its diverse adsorption mechanisms and specificity, Cu-MIR shows promise for practical applications in real-world sample analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a multifrequency narrow-band perfect absorber based on a single-layer graphene-patterned metamaterial, its absorption spectrum in the near-infrared (NIR) band is calculated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The absorption at 2120.5 nm, 2143 nm, 2216.5 nm, and 2325.5 nm, exhibit a high absorption rate of 99.993 %, 99.771 %, 93.004 %, and 99.179 %, respectively. The absorber's absorption spectra are studied with respect to various factors such as polarized light, graphene pattern, graphene Fermi energy and relaxation time, the refractive index of the dielectric layer, ambient refractive index, and angle of incidence. The study reveals that using graphene designs with constantly changing slopes (such as circular or elliptical) at the pattern boundaries generates more absorption peaks than other designs. Furthermore, a refractive index sensor can be developed based on the effect of the ambient refractive index on the absorber's range of absorption. The absorption peaks display quality figure of merit (FOM) values of 99.53, 85.16, 111.23, and 72.13, with sensitivities of 405, 425, 450, and 455 nm/RIU, respectively. The absorber has a high absorption sequence over a wide range of 0° to 65°, and it is insensitive to the angle of incidence of light from 0° to 65°. Due to its numerous wavelengths, high absorbance, polarization insensitivity, tuneability, and high FOM, the suggested absorber may find widespread application in NIR thermal radiation, optical detectors, and NIR sensors. [Display omitted] • Multi-frequency narrowband near-infrared (NIR) absorbers enable efficient absorption. High absorption peaks are located at 2120.5 nm, 2143 nm, 2216.5 nm, and 2325.5 nm. • The theoretical and physical mechanisms of high absorption by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structures are discussed. • The highest quality figure of merit (FOM) value of the absorption peak reaches 111.23. • The designed absorber possesses the characteristics of an adjustable absorption peak wavelength and adjustable efficiency. • The absorber is insensitive to the polarization angle of the incident light source and is insensitive to a wide range of incidence angles (0°-65°). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified QuEChERS method was developed to determine multi-class pesticide and veterinary residues in aquatic products. Chitosan microspheres were conveniently synthesized and utilized as the cleanup adsorbent in the QuEChERS procedure, showcasing rapid filtration one-step pretreatment ability for the determination of drug multi-residues in aquatic products. Compared to conventional synthetic sorbents, chitosan microspheres not only have good purification performance, but also have renewable and degradable properties. This novel sorbent worked well in the simultaneous determination of 95 pesticides and veterinary drug residues in aquatic products after being combined with an improved one-step vortex oscillating cleanup method. We achieved recoveries ranging from 64.0% to 115.9% for target drugs in shrimp and fish matrix. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.5–1.0 and 1.0–2.0 μg kg−1, respectively. Notably, hydrocortisone was detected with considerable frequency and concentration in the tested samples, underscoring the necessity for stringent monitoring of this compound in aquatic products. [Display omitted] • Chitosan was utilized to create an eco-friendly chitosan microsphere sorbent • The biodegradability of chitosan microsphere underscores it as sustainable sorbent • Vortex oscillating cleanup method was devised for one-step purification • The study achieved determination of multi-class drugs in aquatic products [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A simple and fast HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the detection of MT residues. • LLE method with ethyl acetate and n -hexane was used for sample preparation. • A wide linear range, good sensitivity and accuracy were obtained. • The new method is low-cost, reliable and stable in multi-matrix samples. 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) is widely used in aquaculture in order to increase harvest yield. However, illegal addition of MT is potentially toxic to human. A simple and rapid method for the determination of MT in aquatic products was established on HPLC-MS/MS. Sample preparation was optimized using simple liquid–liquid extraction techniques with ethyl acetate and n -hexane. The analyte was separated on Capcell PAK C 18 MG II (100 mm × 2.0 mm, 5 µm), with a solution of 0.1 % formic acid in water and acetonitrile, and analyzed with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode on HPLC-MS/MS. Good linearity with high correlation coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.9997) was obtained between 2 and 200 µg/L. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) were 0.4 and 1 µg/kg respectively. Good recoveries were demonstrated between 86.4 and 104.6 %. The precisions of inter-day and intra-day were validated and the results indicated acceptable stability and reproducibility. The analyte showed stable up to 30 days storage at −20 °C. Samples purchased from Shanghai market for each matrix (shrimp, Chinese mitten crab, tilapia, eel, bullfrog and mussel) were tested for method application. In summary, the proposed method was validated for MT determination in aquatic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• HPLC-MS/MS was used for 8 BAs detection in aquatic products and their derived products. • 5% perchloric acid solution and n -hexane were selected for extraction and purification. • The pretreatment was rapid and simple without derivatization. • A wide linear range, good sensitivity and accuracy were obtained. A method for the determination of 8 biogenic amines in aquatic products and their derived products was established by HPLC-MS/MS without derivatization. The samples were extracted by 5% perchloric acid solution. N -hexane was used to clean the extract. The analytes were separated by a column of ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm), and gradient eluted with a mixed solution of (0.5% formic acid) and acetonitrile. Good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients (R2) >0.99. This method achieved higher sensitivity (from 0.1 mg/kg for tyramine, 2-phenylethylamine and tryptamine to 1.0 mg/kg for spermidine, spermine, cadaverin, histamine and putrescine). The average recoveries were demonstrated in the range of 70.9%–113.1%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 0.33% to 10.81%. This method was suitable for the detection of BAs in aquatic products and their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]