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For almost two decades, intensive work from experimental and theoretical groups has made it possible to advance in the understanding of structural and electronic properties of endohedral metallofullerenes and cluster metal fullerenes. Hence, several groups have proposed diverse rules related with the relative stability of fullerene cages.1-4 All of them considered the potential energy when they predict the stability of IPR and non-IPR isomers based on the ionic model, in which the guest transfers usually between three and six electrons to the hosting carbon cage. Those guidelines have explained why the highly symmetric C80(I h) cage is the preferred fullerene when there is a transfer of six electrons, like in the well-known Sc3N@C80,4 or in many other examples, such as Lu3N@C80, La2@C80, Y3@C80, etc.5 In endohedral fullerenes with four or less electron transfer between host and guest, there is not a prevalent structure, like C80(I h), and the diversity of captured carbon cages is larger, the theoretical prediction of the most abundant species to be formed in a K-H reactor being much more difficult. In addition to the relative potential energy, it is also necessary to consider the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the stability of the endohedral fullerenes. A systematic theoretical analysis for a series of A@C2n fullerenes with A = Th and U, in combination with accurate experimental characterization, have allowed us to show that the structures of A4+@C2n 4- species are different from those of cluster fullerenes, such as Sc2O4+@C2n 4-, Sc2S4+@C2n 4-or Sc2C2 4+@C2n 4-. Here, we will discuss on the electronic structure and the peculiarities in host-guest interactions and cage selection in actinide endohedral metallofullerenes. Our observations support that there is a thermodynamic control in the fullerene formation at the high temperatures in which the carbon cages are formed (>1500 K), which in many cases determines that the actinide captures chiral IPR and non-IPR isomers of low-symmetry, in contrast with cluster fullerene encapsulation where different carbon cages are selected. References 1- Campanera, J. M.; Bo, C.; Poblet, J. M., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 7230-7233 2- Rodríguez-Fortea, A.; Alegret, N.; Balch, A. L.; Poblet, J. M., Nature Chem. 2010, 2, 955. 3- Garcia-Borràs M., Osuna S., Swart M., Luis J.M., Solà M. Angew. Chem. Int.. Ed. 2013, 52, 9275-9278. 4- Wang, Y.; Díaz-Tendero, S.; Martín, F. and Alcamí, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138, 1551–1560 5- Stevenson, S.; Rice, G.; Glass, T.; Harich, K.; Cromer, F.; Jordan, M. R.; Craft, J.; Hadju, E.; Bible, R.; Olmstead, M. M.; Maitra, K.; Fisher, A. J.; Balch, A. L.; Dorn, H. C., Nature 1999, 401, 55. 6- Popov, A. A.; Yang, S.; Dunsch, L., Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 5989-6113.

Backgroud: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness of the elder people. This research was intended to demonstrate the different expression of microRNAs (miRNA) in AMD patients and whether they can be used as biomarkers for AMD. Methods: MiRNAs expression was measured by microarray of 6 AMD cases and 6 gender matched controls. In a larger-sample case-control study with 126 AMD cases and 140 controls, whole blood samples were detected for the differences of miRNA expression. Results: A total of 216 differentially expressed miRNAs (111 increased and 105 decreased miRNAs) were detected from circulating miRNA microarray. Expanded case-control study results showed that the expression of miR-27a-3p, miR-29b-3p and miR-195-5p was increased significantly. Moreover, the level of miR-27a is higher in patients with wet AMD compared to patients with dry AMD. All 3 miRNAs showed a potential diagnostic value for AMD. Conclusion: Circulating miRNA levels were significantly varied in AMD patients. Three miRNAs, miR-27a-3p, miR-29b-3p and the miR-195-5p, might be potential diagnostic biomarkers for AMD.

A new technical framework for remote sensing image matching by integrating affine invariant feature extraction and RANSAC is presented. The novelty of this framework is an automatic optimization strategy for affine invariant feature matching based on RANSAC. An automatic way to determine the distance threshold of RANSAC is proposed, which is a key problem to implement this RANSAC-based automatic optimization. Since affine invariant feature matching technology has been successfully applied to remote sensing image matching, we design an experiment to compare the proposed framework (with optimization) with the standard affine invariant feature matching (without optimization). By using three pairs with different types of imagery, the experimental results indicate that the proposed framework can always get higher correctness of image matching in automatic way, compared to the standard affine invariant feature matching technology.

Regioselective cycloaddition of adamantylidene carbene to Pr@C(2v)(9)-C82 affords the first derivative of praseodymium-containing metallofullerenes. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic data in combination with theoretical studies demonstrate that the addition is dictated by the single metal ion encapsulated inside the fullerene cage.

After our recent successful synthesis, isolation and complete characterization, including single crystal X-Ray diffraction, of 3 mono-metallic uranium endohedrals (U@D3h -C74, U@C 2(5)-C82, and U@C 2V(9)-C82) has led us to continue exploring new U-based endohedral compounds. At the time this abstract is being written a total of 37 compounds have been detected: U@C2n (2n=74, 80, 82, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 98, 100, 102, 104; U2@C2n (2n=72, 78, 80); U2O@C2n (2n=72, 74, 76, 78, 80); U2N@C2n (2n=72, 74, 76, 78, 80); U2S@C2n (2n=74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86); U2C@C2n (2n=72, 78, 80); and USc2C@C80 and USc2N@C80. We have isolated several of these compounds, such as U@C76, U@C84, U@C86, U2O@C80 as well as others and their structures and bonding are being studied. An update of what we learn from these will be presented and discussed.

After our recent successful synthesis of the mono-uranium EMF species U@D3h -C74, U@C2(5)-C82, U@C2v (9)-C82, and U@C1(11)-C86 when using the gasses O2, SO2, and CO2 have been studied, the role of nitrogen source in accelerating the generation of mono-uranium EMFs possessing non-IPR cages will be discussed. Different nitrogen sources (such as N2 or NH3) have been used to produce these species (Figure 1). Besides the IPR species, the most abundant non-IPR species produced by N2 was U@C80, followed by U@C76. In addition, mono-uranium EMF U@C94 was obtained with the help of NH3 as well as U2N@C78. The extremely short retention time of U@C94 on Buckeyprep column indicates the possibility of a non-IPR C94 cage. The detailed synthesis, separation and structure characterizations will be presented and discussed. Figure 1

Giant fullerenes (e.g. C>90) show clear connections with short carbon nanotubes. Herein we report the X-ray structures of eight EMFs containing a La2C2 cluster, namely, La2C2@C2(41)-C90, La2C2@D3(85)-C92, La2C2@C1(132)-C94, La2C2@C2(157)-C96, La2C2@C1(175)-C98, La2C2@D5(450)-C100, La2C2@Cs(574)-C102, and La2C2@C2(816)-C104. It is evident that the cage length increases roughly along with increasing of the carbon atom number, resulting in an increase of the La-La distance. This is a clear indication that giant fullerenes tend to grow along the long axis to achieve a tubular appearance. Encapsulation of a large La2C2 cluster inside D5(450)-C100 induces a 5% axial compression of the cage, as compared with the structure of La2@D5(450)-C100.[1] Moreover, it is demonstrated that the defective cage of C2(816)-C104 is a starting point to form the other tubular cages known so far, i.e., D5(450)-C100, Cs(574)-C102, and D3d(822)-C104, presenting evidence for the top-down formation mechanism of fullerenes.[2] Overall, our experimental results have unambiguously confirmed that insertion of a C2-unit exerts a synergistic effect in stabilizing these giant cages. [3] References ： Cai, W.; Bao, L.; Zhao, S.; Xie, Y-P.; Akasaka, T.; Lu J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 10292-10296. Cai, W.; Li, F-F.; Bao, L.; Xie, Y-P.; Lu J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 6670-6675. Zhao, S.; Zhao, P. Cai, W.; Bao, L.; Chen, M.; Xie, Y-P.; Zhao, X.; Lu J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 4724–4728.

Actinide Endohedral Metallofullerenes (EMFs) represent a poorly explored and potentially useful branch of EMF chemistry. Recently there have been successes in producing mono and di-uranium EMF species1 but no mixed metal uranium-based endohedral fullerenes have been reported. The incorporation of scandium oxide and reactive gases such as NH3, CH4 and H2 in the Krästschmer – Huffmann modified DC Arc Discharge synthesis method allowed us to significantly increase the yield of two specific mixed metal EMF including a carbide and a nitride di-scandium uranium clusters. The synthesis, isolation and fully characterization of the Sc2UC@C80 and Sc2UN@C80 compounds will be reported in this work. 1 W. Cai, R. Morales-Martinez, X. Zhang, D. Najera, E. L. Romero, A. Metta-Magana, A. Rodriguez-Fortea, S. Fortier, N. Chen, J. M. Poblet and L. Echegoyen, Chem. Sci. , 2017, 8, 5282-5290. Figure 1

Monocrotophos (MCP) is listed as a Prior Informed Consent chemical, and it is still used extensively in developing countries. It has been seen that MCP shows high toxicity in fish and aquatic ecosystems. To confirm whether MCP shows estrogenic effects on fish, the induction of vitellogenin (VTG) in male goldfish (Carassius auratus) following a 21 day exposure to 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 mg x L(-1) 40% MCP pesticide in a semi-static exposure system was evaluated by hepatic mRNA and plasma protein. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay showed that MCP significantly increased hepatic mRNA expression of VTG in male goldfish in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of two VTG subunits with molecular masses of 134 kDa and 110 kDa in the plasma of the exposure groups, which were not observed in that of the control males, indicating the induction of VTG protein synthesis and secretion by MCP in male goldfish. Furthermore, the levels of plasma VTG protein in the control group and the 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 mg x L(-1) 40% MCP pesticide exposure groups were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and revealed concentrations of 53.8+/-5.6 ng x mL(-1), 285.5+/-5.0 ng x mL(-1), 972.9+/-7.4 ng x mL(-1) and 678.4+/-38.0 ng x mL(-1), respectively. The overlapping results of VTG mRNA and protein indicated that MCP had significant estrogenic properties and was thus a potential endocrine disruptor.

Formation of a very stable, unprecedented pyrazole-ring fused derivative of endohedral metallofullerenes was achieved by the first 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of Sc3N@C80 with diphenylnitrilimine in a highly regioselective manner.

Endohedral fullerenes, which are carbon cages that encapsulate atoms, ions or clusters have been known since the early days immediately following the discovery of the fullerenes in 1985 by Smalley, Kroto and Curl. A wide range of cages, varying in size, shape and electronic properties have been observed which encapsulate individual atomic or ionic species or clusters that possess complementary characteristics. Of the many endohedral fullerenes that have been characterized and reported, lanthanide endofullerenes have received a lot of attention but the corresponding actinide systems have not been extensively investigated experimentally, although theoretical calculations have been reported, especially after the original report by Smalley et al in 1992 of the mass spectral observation of mono- and di-metallic Uranium endohedrals with formulas U@C2n (n=14-36) and U2@C2m (m=25-30). The latter species containing two U ions inside have been the subject of multiple theoretical calculations using multiple cages, mainly C60, C70, C80 and C90. However, experimental reports of these exotic compounds are limited to three and only one involved purification using a two-stage HPLC protocol and presented the UV-Vis spectra for U@C82 and U2@C80. We have undertaken a systematic study of U endohedrals and have succeeded in identifying many different compounds using HRMS, and have succeeded in purifying and characterizing several mono-metallic endohedrals, including their x-ray single crystal structures, specifically U@C74 and two different isomers of U@C82. Of particular interest for this presentation are totally unexpected Uranium endohedrals with formula U2C(2n+1), where n=39, 40 which correspond to carbides containing single C atoms encapsulated with two Us inside C78 and C80 cages. More interestingly, U2X@C2n compounds have also been detected, where X=N and O, besides C. These latter compounds will be described and their properties will be presented and discussed.

Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) with a composition of M2C2n may exist as di-EMFs, M2@C2n, or as carbide cluster metallofullerenes (CCMFs), M2C2@C2n-2. Thus care needs to be taken to distinguish between these two possibilities. However, there are rare examples for M2C2@C90-104 and the configuration of the carbide cluster is not clear in these cages. Herein we report the isolation and single-crystal X-ray crystallographic characterization of eight unprecedented EMFs containing a La2C2 cluster, namely, La2C2@C2(41)-C9 0, La2C2@D3(85)-C92, La2C2@C1(132)-C9 4, La2C2@C2(157)-C96, La2C2@C1(175)-C98, La2C2@D5(450)-C100, La2C2@Cs(574)-C102, and La2C2@C2(816)-C104. It is evident that the cage length increases roughly along with increasing of the carbon atom number, resulting in an increase of the La-La distance and the Ni···cage distance as well. This is a clear indication that giant fullerenes tend to grow along the long axis to achieve a tubular appearance. Encapsulation of a large La2C2 cluster inside D5(450)-C100 induces a 5% axial compression of the cage, as compared with the structure of La2@D5(450)-C100. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the defective cage of C2(816)-C104 is a starting point to form the other three tubular cages known so far, i.e., D5(450)-C100, Cs(574)-C102, and D3d(822)-C104, presenting evidence for the top-down formation mechanism of fullerenes. Overall, our experimental results have unambiguously confirmed that La2C92-10 6 tend to form CCMFs La2C2@C90- 104 instead of di-EMFs La2@C92-10 6 . R eferences： [1] Lu, X.*; Akasaka, T.*; Nagase, S. Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 1627-1635. [2] Cai, W.; Bao, L.; Zhao, S.; Xie, Y-P.; Akasaka, T.; Lu X. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 10292-10296. [3] Cai, W.; Li, F-F.; Bao, L.; Xie, Y-P.; Lu X*. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 6670-6675.

Uranium endohedrals are an emerging class of fullerenes that may hold extraordinary properties and exhibit remarkable chemical features.[i] [ii] Our group been on the forefront of research in this area and have made progress in the synthesis of these novel compounds. By optimizing reactive conditions, we have seen a markedly improved selective production of uranium endohedrals using the Kraetschmer – Huffmann arc discharge process. Here we report the successful synthesis of several families of uranium endohedrals characterized by mass spectrometry which include clusters of the type U2X (X= C, N, O). Mono-metallic uranium endohedrals, with general formula U@Cn, have also been synthesis and characterized by x-ray crystallography (see Fig 1.) Electrochemical studies of some of these new compounds have been conducted and are reported herein. These findings realize a two-decade long effort in the scientific community for physical studies of such endohedral fullerenes. [iii] [iv] [v] [i] Foroutan-Nejad C, Vícha J, Marek R, Patzschke M, Straka M, Phys Chem Chem Phys., 2015, 17(37) [ii] Dunk, Paul W., Kaiser, Nathan K., Mulet-Gas, Marc; Rodriguez-Fortea, Antonio, Poblet, Josep M., Shinohara, Hisanori, Hendrickson, Christopher L., Marshall, Alan G., Kroto, Harold W., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 134(22), 9380-9389 [iii] Guo, T., Diener, M. D., Chai, Y., Alford, M. J., Haufler, R. E., McClure,S. M., Ohno, T., Weaver, J. H., Scuseria, G. E., Smalley, R. E., Science, 1992,257, 1661. [iv] Diener, M. D., Smith, C. A., Veirs, D. K., Chem. Mater., 1997, 9, 1773 [v]Kazuhiko Akiyama , Yuliang Zhao , Keisuke Sueki ,* Kazuaki Tsukada ,† Hiromitsu Haba ,† Yuichirou Nagame ,† Takeshi Kodama , Shinzou Suzuki , Tsutomu Ohtsuki ,‡ Masahiko Sakaguchi , Koichi Kikuchi , Motomi Katada , and Hiromichi Nakahara, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123 (1), pp 181–182 Figure 1

Regioselective cycloaddition of adamantylidene carbene to Pr@C2v(9)-C82 affords the first derivative of praseodymium-containing metallofullerenes. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic data in combination with theoretical studies demonstrate that the addition is dictated by the single metal ion encapsulated inside the fullerene cage.

Functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) treated by mixed acids have been used to develop a capacitive humidity sensor based on MWCNTs/silicone rubber (SR) composite film. The MWCNTs/SR composites were prepared through conventional solution processed method. The micrographs of MWCNTs/SR composites were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope. The FT-IR spectra demonstrated the successfully grafting of OH groups on the treated MWCNTs. The sensing properties of the composite at different relative humidity (RH) and frequency were characterized and linear sensing responses of the MWCNTs/SR composites to RH were observed. The treated MWCNTs/SR composite film (Tr-film) had higher sensitivity than that of the untreated MWCNTs/SR composite film (Un-film). Experimental data indicate that the Tr-film exhibits an excellent long-term stability, small hysteresis, and fine reproducibility. The response and recovery time of the Tr-film were 30 and 27 s, respectively. Thereby, such Tr-film had potential applications as humidity sensors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40342.

With the rapid development of broadband wireless communication, the home network service becomes a new trend of next generation mobile Internet. This paper studies multi-radio access selection of short-distance wireless access technologies in home network in order to meet the growing user demands for home network services. This paper presents a multi-radio access selection system model, and proposes a multi-radio access selection algorithm which combines analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can select the best access network effectively and accurately.

Silicon rubber (SR) filled with carbon black (CB) and carbon black (CB)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) hybrid fillers are synthesized via a liquid mixing method. The effects of filler type on the electrical properties and piezoresistive properties (near the region of the percolation) of the conductive SR composites are studied. It is suggested that the conductivity of the composite filled with CB/GNPs hybrid fillers in the mass ratio of 2 : 4 is much higher than that in other ratio. Percolation threshold for CB/GNPs/SR is found to be 0.18 volume fractions lower than CB/SR. Moreover, force rang and linearity of GNPs/CB/SR is higher than CB alone filling system. And the repeatability of the GNPs/CB/SR composites is better than CB/SR. Not repetitive index (ez) of them is 0.1 and 0.18, respectively. The results suggest that the GNPs/CB/SR composites provide a new route toward fabrication of flexible piezoresistive sensors with high performance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39778.

Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) encapsulating divalent metal ions have received limited attention because of their low production yields. Here, we report the results of structural determination and chemical functionalization of a typical divalent metallofullerene, Yb@C84(II). Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies of Yb@C84/Ni(II)(OEP) cocrystals (OEP is the dianion of octaethylporphyrin) unambiguously established the chiral C2(13)-C84 cage structure and revealed multiple sites for Yb(2+), indicating a moving metal ion inside the cage. The chemical property of Yb@C2(13)-C84 was probed with the electrophillic adamantylidene carbene (1). Three monoadduct isomers were isolated and characterized. Crystallographic results of the major isomer (2b) revealed that, although the cycloaddition breaks a [5,6]-bond on the cage, Yb(2+) is localized under a hexagonal ring distant from the sites of addition. Thus, it is proved that the dynamic motion of the divalent metal ion in Yb@C84 has been effectively halted by exohedral functionalization. Spectroscopic results show that the electronic property of Yb@C2(13)-C84 is pertained in the derivatives, although the addend exerts a mild reduction effect on the electrochemical behavior of the EMF. Computational works demonstrated that addition of 1 to Yb@C2(13)-C84 is mainly driven by releasing the local strains of cage carbons rather than charge recombination, which is always prominent to the affinity of typical trivalent EMFs such as M@C2v(9)-C82 (M = Sc, Y, La, Ce, Gd) toward 1. Accordingly, it is speculated that the chemical behaviors of divalent EMFs more likely resemble those of empty fullerenes because both are closed-shell compounds, but they differ from those of trivalent EMFs, which have open-shell electronic configurations instead.

We present the first chemical modification of a divalent metallofullerene Yb@C80 by carbene addition. Spectroscopic and crystallographic data suggest that its electronic and electrochemical properties have been effectively altered upon chemical functionalization.

Coastline, as the interactive identification of sea-land intersection, has important instruction function to the recession of coastal beach and wetland ecosystem; also, the change of coastline is the result and comprehensive reflection of the interaction of the global environment changes, coastal environment change and human activities. Therefore, accurate extraction coastline and fully understand the dynamic changes of the coastline play an important role in scientific management and sustained utilization of coastal resources. This paper using CEBERS 02B HR images to monitor coastline changes, so as to master the coastline time-space distribution characteristics, changing rules and changing reasons, the main contents include: briefly expound the background, objectives and methods; establish coastline extraction method with CEBERS 02B HR image; select multi-phase images to extract coastline, analyze the results, monitor the coastline changes; and analyze the reason for the variation of the coastline and calculation the area of change places.

Due to the influence of atmosphere condition, cloud cover is one of the most disturbance factors in remote sensing image. So cloud removal is a very important step for improving the quality of the image before making analysis. Because thin cloud is the low frequency component in remote sensing images, homomorphic filtering can be used to remove thin cloud. The traditional method takes whole image to calculate, not time consuming only, but also destroying the information on non-cloud field. Moreover, due to the same cut-off frequency, the effect of removing different cloud is not ideal. In this paper, a self-adaptive homomorphic filter method is proposed. At first, the LIS A analyses method is used to extract cloud cover region. Secondly, by evaluating the DN value to de termine the thickness of the clouds, different cut-off frequencies are calculated. Finally, through the homomorphic filters with different cut-off frequencies, a result is calculated.

The boundary of land and water in a remote sensing image is defined as water front. Picking up the water front plays an important role in comprehensive management of waterline, strengthening of the ability in resisting nature disaster, and the research of waterline's environmental change. Using RS methods to pick up water front has advantages of wide-range, high-precision, and ability of dynamic monitoring. Based on TM/ETM+ RS multi-spectrum images, combined with the characteristic of water front, the dissertation carries through water front pick-up approach study, and forms the water front picked-up approach based on the improved embedded confidence. This approach makes full use of spectrum eigenvalue of the image, and proposes the elementary water front pick-up approach; then uses the approach of embedded confidence, finally, realizes the automatic pick-up of water front. The main study content and conclusion are listed as follows: coastline characters and the basic mentality of water front pick-up are briefly narrated, and also the main methods of the water front pick-up at home and abroad in recent years are introduced. After analyzing kinds of methods, the dissertation uses the combination of spectrum-photometric method and embedded confidence to pick up the water front. On the basis of analyzing the gray value in each band of TM image, spectrum-photometric method will be used first to pick up water body, removing part of noise in the precondition of picking up full of the water, and then, using the approach of embedded confidence to pick up waterline, during the process, the grad magnitude information is the main basis. The result indicates that: (1)the approach based on improved embedded confidence is feasible in practice; (2)this approach can detect the water front by rule and line, also can restrain the noise effectively; (3)because the study does not have the subjective infection by the researchers, so the water front pick-up result is more exact and impersonality.

Jiangsu province, which has vast population and limited land, is facing with land resources shortage. However, the offshore radial sand banks provide huge potential land reserve resources. But, epeirogenic movement and the variation of elevation of the radial sand banks are quite frequent in coastal area of Jiangsu province; Hence, mastering law of the variation of elevation of the radial sand banks is the precondition of making use of the radial sand banks scientifically. This paper has used remote sensing method to build a series of DEMs of radial sand banks which has constant temporal intervals, and then simulated the variations of elevation of sand banks by using these DEMs. For non-spatial data, the variation law of phenomena can be revealed by time series models. However, for spatial data such as the sand bank elevation, due to the existence of spatial dependence, goes against the hypothesis that the data is independent of each other in classic statistical analysis. That means, the elevation of a point on sand bank not only dependents on its own historical values, but also affected by its neighbors. Therefore, with comprehensive consideration of time and space, we build a forecasting model based on spatio-temporal relation analysis to simulate the elevation variations of radial sands banks. Then verify the result by using the elevation in the next time interval. Results show that this method which this paper proposed can satisfy the requirement of mesoscale applications.

The paper classifies urban land cover object-oriented. First, use the Mean Shift algorithm to segment the digital aerial image of study area. By changing the algorithm initialparameters, different scales of the segmentation results are got, and an optimal scale segmentation result is selected from these results, as the data source of the classification process. Then, by analyzing the spectral features, texture features, as well as the topographical features of the study area, the Fisher criterion is taken to calculate the classification ability of each feature and sort them in descending order. In order to avoid the “Hughes phenomenon”, tests are taken to find the optimal feature space dimension. Finally, by using ensemble learning algorithm, decision tree algorithm, which is a weak learner will be upgraded to strong learner to improve the classification accuracy, and then the rule which is produced by the strong learner is used to classify the study area. The classification accuracy is 89.87%, which means that the method can effectively carry out urban land use/cover information extraction; furthermore, because these algorithms used in this article are no limitation in scale, so they are also suitable for multi-scale remote sensing image classification.

Energy-saving is an important policy meeting with current energy shortage and environmental problems. Heating is the main energy consumption in Chinese northern areas. Taken typical northern city Shenyang City for example, this study applies the technology of remote sensing on urban residential construction heating-loss monitoring. The thermal infrared (TIR) data-ASTER, as main data source, is used to retrieve the urban land surface temperature based on the improved split-window algorithm. Integrating the high resolution multi-spectral remote sensing image QuickBird (QB), field sample data of thermal infrared imaging devices and the local residential areas' attribute, the analysis is done to estimate the feasibility of the remote sensing application in monitoring the construction heating-loss condition in Northern China. Through the ground validation, the accuracy rate can reach up to 91%. It is proved that remote sensing monitoring based on ASTER is an efficient and objective method in the urban construction energy-saving monitoring.

During the process of the recognizing two-dimensional bar code, the two-dimensional bar can be corrected further only after accurately positing bar code in original image. In this paper, in case of the two-dimensional bar Data Matrix, the concept of convex hull in computational geometry is used to locate bar code in the paper. The vertices in convex hulls are selected from the list of pixels in order to reduce the number of the pixel processed. At the same time, the positioning graphics features of data matrix is set as selecting conditions in order to get the vertices in convex hulls in the area of positioning two-dimensional bar code finally. This algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of traditional straight-line detection algorithm as a result of the overall detection and the need to a large number of memory space. The experimental results show that the algorithm can position the area of distorted or tilted two-dimensional bar code effectively. It can reduce accurate positioning time.

Myelinated Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system express the p75 nerve growth factor receptor (p75NGFR) as a consequence of Schwann cell dedifferentiation during Wallerian degeneration. p75NGFR has been implicated in the remyelination of regenerating nerves. Although many studies have shown various mechanisms underlying Schwann cell dedifferentiation, the molecular mechanism contributing to the re-expression of p75NGFR in differentiated Schwann cells is largely unknown. In the present study, we found that lysosomes were transiently activated in Schwann cells after nerve injury and that the inhibition of lysosomal activation by chloroquine or lysosomal acidification inhibitors prevented p75NGFR expression at the mRNA transcriptional level in an ex vivo Wallerian degeneration model. Lysosomal acidification inhibitors suppressed demyelination, but not axonal degeneration, thereby suggesting that demyelination mediated by lysosomes may be an important signal for inducing p75NGFR expression. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been suggested to be involved in regulating p75NGFR expression in Schwann cells. In this study, we found that removing TNF-α in vivo did not significantly suppress the induction of both lysosomes and p75NGFR. Thus, these findings suggest that lysosomal activation is tightly correlated with the induction of p75NGFR in demyelinating Schwann cells during Wallerian degeneration.