Bradbury, Charlotte A., Lawler, Patrick R., Stanworth, Simon J., McVerry, Bryan J., McQuilten, Zoe, Higgins, Alisa M., Mouncey, Paul R., Al-Beidh, Farah, Rowan, Kathryn M., Berry, Lindsay R., Lorenzi, Elizabeth, Zarychanski, Ryan, Arabi, Yaseen M., Annane, Djillali, Beane, Abi, Van Bentum-Puijk, Wilma, Bhimani, Zahra, Bihari, Shailesh, Bonten, Marc J. M., Brunkhorst, Frank M., Buzgau, Adrian, Buxton, Meredith, Carrier, Marc, Cheng, Allen C., Cove, Matthew, Detry, Michelle A., Estcourt, Lise J., Fitzgerald, Mark, Girard, Timothy D., Goligher, Ewan C., Goossens, Herman, Haniffa, Rashan, Hills, Thomas, Huang, David T., Horvat, Christopher M., Hunt, Beverley J., Ichihara, Nao, Lamontagne, Francois, Leavis, Helen L., Linstrum, Kelsey M., Litton, Edward, Marshall, John C., McAuley, Daniel F., McGlothlin, Anna, McGuinness, Shay P., Middeldorp, Saskia, Montgomery, Stephanie K., Morpeth, Susan C., Murthy, Srinivas, Neal, Matthew D., Nichol, Alistair D., Parke, Rachael L., Parker, Jane C., Reyes, Luis, Saito, Hiroki, Santos, Marlene S., Saunders, Christina T., Serpa-Neto, Ary, Seymour, Christopher W., Shankar-Hari, Manu, Singh, Vanessa, Tolppa, Timo, Turgeon, Alexis F., Turner, Anne M., van de Veerdonk, Frank L., Green, Cameron, Lewis, Roger J., Angus, Derek C., McArthur, Colin J., Berry, Scott, Derde, Lennie P. G., Webb, Steve A., Gordon, Anthony C., Depuydt, Pieter, De Waele, Jan, De Bus, Liesbet, Fierens, Jan, Vermassen, Joris, REMAP-CAP Investigators, University of Bristol [Bristol], University Health Network, University of Toronto, University of Oxford, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Monash University [Melbourne], Imperial College London, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University Medical Center [Utrecht], St. Michael's Hospital, 215522, CS-2016-16-011, RP-2015-06-18, National Institutes of Health, NIH, U.S. Department of Defense, DOD, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, GBMF, Medtronic, Baxter International, Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, CancerCare Manitoba Foundation, CCMF, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, Wellcome Trust, WT, Health Research Board, HRB: CTN 2014-012, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 101003589, LAM Therapeutics, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, IRSC: 158584, Medical Research Council, MRC, National Institute for Health and Care Research, NIHR, European Commission, EC, National Heart and Lung Institute, NHLI, Queen's University Belfast, QUB: US8962032, National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC: APP1101719, National Medical Research Council, NMRC, Health Research Council of New Zealand, HRC: 16/631, Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: PHRC-20-0147, Innovate UK, Horizon 2020, Pharmaceuticals Bayer, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, Minderoo Foundation, Funding/Support: This study was funded by the following: the Platform for European Preparedness Against (Re-)Emerging Epidemics (PREPARE) consortium of the European Union, FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1 (grant 602525), the Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Research Response (RECOVER) consortium of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant 101003589), the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant APP1101719), the Health Research Council of New Zealand (grant 16/631), the Canadian Institute of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Innovative Clinical Trials Program (grant 158584), the NIHR and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, the Health Research Board of Ireland (grant CTN 2014-012), the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Learning While Doing Program, the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium, the French Ministry of Health (grant PHRC-20-0147), the Minderoo Foundation, and the Wellcome Trust Innovations Project (grant 215522). Dr Shankar-Hari is funded by an NIHR clinician scientist fellowship (grant CS-2016-16-011) and Dr Gordon is funded by an NIHR research professorship (grant RP-2015-06-18)., The REMAP-CAP platform is supported by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group, the Canadian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group, the Irish Critical Care Clinical Trials Network, the UK Critical Care Research Group and the International Forum of Acute Care Trialists., REMAP-CAP was supported in the Netherlands by the Research Collaboration Critical Care the Netherlands, reported receipt of personal fees from Lilly, BMS-Pfizer, Bayer, Amgen, Novartis, Janssen, Portola, Ablynx, and Grifols. Dr Lawler reported receipt of personal fees from Novartis, CorEvitas, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital and royalties from McGraw-Hill Publishing. Dr McVerry reported receipt of grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Bayer Pharmaceuticals and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr L. Berry reported being an employee of Berry Consultants, Berry Consultants receives payments for the statistical analysis and design of REMAP-CAP. Dr Lorenzi reported being an employee of Berry Consultants, Berry Consultants receives payments for the statistical analysis and design of REMAP-CAP. Dr Zarychanski reported receipt of grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, LifeArc, Research Manitoba, the CancerCare Manitoba Foundation, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, and the Thistledown Foundation and research operating support as the Lyonel G. Israels Research Chair in Hematology. Dr Bonten reported membership in international study steering committees, advisory boards, and independent data safety and monitoring committees funded by Janssen Vaccines, Merck Sharp & Dohme, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Sanofi Pasteur (all reimbursements to UMC Utrecht). Dr Brunkhorst reported receipt of grants from Jena University Hospital. Dr Buxton reported receipt of a gift from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and contracts with Amgen and Eisai. Dr Carrier reported receipt of grants from BMS-Pfizer and personal fees from Bayer, Sanofi, Servier, Leo Phama, and BMS-Pfizer to his institution. Dr Cove reported receipt of grants from the National Medical Research Council and personal fees from Baxter and Medtronic. Dr Estcourt reported receipt of grants from the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme. Dr Haniffa reported receipt of grants from the UK Research and Innovation/Medical Research Council African Critical Care Registry Network. Dr Horvat reported receipt of grants from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Dr Ichihara reported being affiliated with the Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, University of Tokyo, which is a social collaboration supported by the National Clinical Database, Johnson & Johnson, and Nipro Corporation. Dr Marshall reported receipt of personal fees from AM Pharma and Critical Care Medicine. Dr McAuley reported receipt of personal fees from Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Lilly, Vir Biotechnology, Faron Pharmaceutical, and SOBI and grants from the NIHR, the Wellcome Trust, Innovate UK, the UK Medical Research Council, and the Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Research and Development Division, in addition, Dr McAuley had a Queen’s University Belfast patent for novel treatment for inflammatory disease (US8962032), was co-director of research at the Intensive Care Society until June 2021, and was director of the Efficacy and Mechanisms Evaluation Program for the UK Medical Research Council/NIHR. Dr Middeldorp reported receipt of personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Bayer, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Portola/Alexion, AbbVie, BMS-Pfizer, Sanofi, and Viatris, all paid to his institution, and grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Bayer, Pfizer, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr Neal reported equity in Haima Therapeutics, receipt of personal fees from Janssen Pharma and Haemonetics, and receipt of grants from Instrumentation Laboratory, the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Defense. Dr Nichol reported receipt of personal fees from AM Pharma, paid to his university, and grants from Baxter. Dr Parke reported receipt of grants from Fisher and Paykel Healthcare NZ. Dr Serpa-Neto reported receipt of personal fees from Drager and Endpoint Health. Dr Seymour reported receipt of grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Dr Lewis reported being senior medical scientist at Berry Consultants, Berry Consultants receives payments for the statistical analysis and design of REMAP-CAP. Dr S. Berry reported being an employee with an ownership role at Berry Consultants, Berry Consultants receives payments for the statistical analysis and design of REMAP-CAP. Dr Derde reported being a coordinating committee member for the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases, a member of the Dutch Intensivists Task Force on Acute Infectious Threats, a member of the International Scientific Advisory Board for Sepsis Canada, and a member of the Dutch Academy of Sciences’ Pandemic Preparedness Plan committee. Dr Gordon reported receipt of personal fees from 30 Respiratory, paid to his institution. No other disclosures were reported., European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), European Project: 602525,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1,PREPARE(2014), Investigators, REMAP-CAP Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, and Intensive Care Medicine