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El principal objetivo del trabajo es conocer cuáles son las contribuciones, limitaciones y vacíos del contexto político e institucional para la construcción de condiciones favorables al desarrollo económico territorial (DET) en México, durante el periodo comprendido entre 1983 y 2006, y si en efecto se presenta un cambio de enfoque y procedimiento en lo territorial. Con base en la propuesta del ILPES en materia de desarrollo económico territorial, y a partir de la revisión de planes, programas y presupuestos, consideramos que la sociedad mexicana, sobre todo en fases como la actual, se encuentra en condiciones difíciles para poder concebir, construir y operar colectivamente un proyecto social-territorial, y resulta fundamental superar esta situación. Es evidente la débil cohesión entre las políticas, pero sobre todo entre las instituciones y actores en sus distintos niveles de gobierno y ámbitos de acción para construir dichos proyectos. The main objective of the work is to know which are the contribution, limitations and gaps of the political and institutional context for the construction of favorable conditions to territorial the economic development in Mexico, during the period included/understood from 1983 to 2006 and, if in effect it appears a change of approach and procedures in the territorial thing. With base in the proposal of the ILPES in the matter of territorial economic development, and from the revision of plans, programs and budgets, we considered that the Mexican society, on everything in phases like the present one, is in conditions difficult to be able collectively to conceive, to construct and to operate a social-territorial project, and is fundamental to surpass this situation. The weak cohesion between the policies but mainly between the institutions and actors in its different levels from government and scopes of action to construct these projects is evident.

Italy is the European country with the most advanced population ageing process. Despite the growing interest generated by this issue in the public debate, its macroeconomic consequences (particularly, the impact on pension system) usually get the most attention. A multilevel and multidimensional approach to the analysis of demographic changes seems to be more adequate to outline the multiple facets of the complex phenomenon of ageing and its impacts at different scales and to set up strategies and policies aimed at reinforcing social and territorial cohesion., L 'Italia è il paese europeo in cui il processo di invecchiamento della popolazione è più avanzato. Malgrado 1' interesse crescente sollevato da questo tema net dibattito pubblico, sono soprattutto le conseguenze macroeconomiche (e, in particolare, l'impatto sul sistema della previdenza sociale) ad attirare I 'attenzione. Un approccio multi scalare e multidimensionale all 'analisi delle tendenze demografiche appare, invece, più adeguata non soltanto per delineare le diverse sfaccettature di un fenomeno complesso corne l'invecchiamento demografico e i suoi impatti alle diverse scale, ma anche per l'elaborazione di stratégie e politiche finalizzate a rafforzare la coesione sociale e territoriale., L'Italie est le pays européen dans lequel le processus de vieillissement de la population est le plus avancé. Malgré l'intérêt croissant que ce thème suscite dans le débat public, ce sont surtout ses conséquences macro-économiques (et, en particulier, son impact sur le système de protection sociale) qui retiennent l'attention. Une approche multiscalaire et multidimensionnelle à l'analyse des tendances démographiques semble, au contraire, plus adéquate non seulement pour déterminer les différentes facettes d'un phénomène complexe comme le vieillissement de la population et son impact aux différentes échelles, mais aussi pour l'élaboration de stratégies et de politiques finalisées à la cohésion sociale et territoriale., Salaris Alessia. « Un pays pour le vieil homme ? ». Politiques territoriales et vieillissement de la population en Italie ("A Country for the old man ? " Territorial policies and the ageing of Italy 's population). In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, 86e année, 2009-4 ( décembre). L'Italie à la croisée des chemins / Mutations du transport aérien et des systèmes aéroportuaires. pp. 424-433.

prix de la meilleure contribution lors du 3ème forum mondial de l'OCDE "Mesurer le progrès des sociétés : orienter le progrès, élaborer des visions, améliorer la vie"

A pesar del crecimiento económico y del notable dinamismo que caracterizó al mercado inmobiliario y la construcción a partir de la recuperación económica de 2003 en Argentina, se restringieron las históricas condiciones para acceder a una vivienda en ámbitos urbanos bien servidos y ubicados. En la lógica actual del contexto macroeconómico y en la lógica del comportamiento territorial y de los agentes económicos del mercado inmobiliario pueden rastrearse algunos elementos para comprender este aspecto que tan caro le vale al derecho a la ciudad. Para atender esta hipótesis se pregunta lo siguiente: ¿Cuál fue la evolución territorial del precio del suelo entre 2001 y 2006 en la ciudad de Buenos Aires?, ¿cuáles fueron los principales factores que motivaron tal comportamiento y, específicamente, qué papel jugaron los agentes económicos del mercado inmobiliario en esa dinámica?, y ¿qué efectos viene teniendo el contexto macroeconómico actual el singular comportamiento de este mercado en el acceso a la vivienda? Despite the remarkable economic growth and dynamism that characterized the housing market and construction from the 2003 economic recovery in Argentina, the historical conditions for restricted access to housing in urban areas well served and located. In the logic of the current macroeconomic context and the logic of territorial and economic agents in the housing market can be traced some elements to understand this aspect so expensive that it is worth the right to the city. To address this hypothesis is the following question: What was the evolution of the territorial land prices between 2001 and 2006 in Buenos Aires?, What were the main factors that drive such behavior, and specifically the role played by agents economics of the housing market in this dynamic?, and what effects is taking the current macroeconomic context, the singular behavior of this market in access to housing? Fil: Baer, Luis. Universidad de Buenos Aires

El propósito es presentar las principales estrategias de ordenamiento territorial urbano puestas en práctica en los últimos quince años en el Gran La Plata, que han incidido en el paisaje cultural. Se observan tanto políticas de enfoques integrales como sectoriales, las que incorporan innovaciones en OT y proponen nuevos y/o renovados paisajes culturales y las políticas "centrales" desde las gestiones municipales. Se reflexiona sobre aportes y debilidades, incompatibilidades entre ellas, en el marco del desarrollo sustentable. La estrategia metodológica utilizada tiene un perfil cualitativo y de tipo exploratoria, con un diseño de naturaleza flexible. En el estudio de caso se identifican las modalidades de intervención en función de las transformaciones del paisaje resultante y su gestión. Tiene una fuerte orientación interpretativa y la estrategia general está orientada a conseguir una familiarización con hechos aun no suficientemente comprendidos para generar nuevas ideas que permitan realizar nuevas preguntas e hipótesis. En este marco, las políticas se tornan contradictorias, si bien han logrado modificar algunos microespacios. Se entienden más como el recorte y congelamiento/ restauración del paisaje previo que como la creación de otros renovados, nuevos y/o mejores y con valores sociales aggiornados. En lo ambiental, no han sido acompañadas por estrategias estructurantes como el arbolado urbano y disposición de los residuos sólidos urbanos., The purpose is to present the major urban land use management strategies implemented in the last fifteen years in the Great La Plata, which have influenced the cultural landscape. Both policies are seen as sectoral approaches, which incorporate innovations in OT, and propose new and / or renewed policies and cultural landscapes "core" from the municipal administrations. Reflects on contributions and weaknesses, incompatibilities between them in the context of sustainable development. The methodological strategy used has a profile of qualitative and exploratory, with a flexible design. In the case study will identify ways and means in terms of the resulting transformations of the landscape and its management. Has a strong interpretative guidance and the overall strategy is aimed at achieving a familiarity with facts not yet sufficiently understood to generate new ideas that allows for new questions and hypotheses. In this framework, policies become contradictory, but have managed to change some vignettes. They are more like the cutting and freezing / restoration of the landscape prior to the creation of other, almost new and / or better aggiornados and social values. On environmental issues, have not been accompanied by strategies such as wooded urban structuring and disposition of municipal solid waste., Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (FAU) - Centro de Investigaciones Urbanas y Territoriales (CIUT)

Vingt ans après l'apparition du développement durable, le moins que l'on puisse dire est que son opérationnalité n'est pas évidente. Cette contribution tente de penser l'après-développement durable, à partir de trois grandes interrogations. Le développement durable ne recèle-t-il pas une contradiction en soi ? Le terme de développement implique une modification structurelle, où celui de durabilité suppose une continuité dans l'utilisation des ressources. Quel sens y a-t-il à préserver des ressources pour des générations futures, si nous ne savons pas lesquelles seront indispensables ?

Como a rede de centros urbanos do Estado da Bahia é, historicamente, bastante desigual, frágil e pouco integrada, sugerimos aqui, sete ações complementares e articulados de políticas territoriais que podem contribuir para a diminuição destes problemas. São eles: a) criação e consolidação de Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento, de caráter deliberativo; b) incentivos à implantação de Consórcios Intermunicipais, aproveitando as novas regras do jogo aprovadas em 2005; c) implantação de um Fundo de Desenvolvimento Regional; d) realização de Fóruns de Desenvolvimento Urbano-Regional das Cidades Médias; e) realização de Seminários de Integração das Ações para os centros urbanos, objetivando a maior integração e coordenação; f) implantação da Aglomeração Urbana de Ilhéus-Itabuna e de Feira de Santana; e g) fortalecimento da densidade institucional e informacional dos centros urbanos. Estas ações além de contribuírem para o fortalecimento e integração dos centros urbanos da Bahia, estão em sintonia com os anseios da sociedade na busca pelo fortalecimento democrático e de pela inclusão social e territorial., The urban network centers in the State of Bahia is weak, uneven and shows a small integration. Therefore, seven articulated and complementary actions are suggested in order to reduce these problems. The actions are: a) creation and consolidation of Regional Development Councils, with deliberative character; b) incentives to Inter-municipality Consortiums creation, taking advantage of the new rules of 2005; c) creation of a Regional Development Fund; d) implantation of Urban and Regional Development Forums for Middle Size Cities; e) realization of Seminars for Urban Centers Integration and Coordination; f) implantation of the Agglomeration Authority of Ilhéus – Itabuna and of Feira de Santana; and g) strengthening of the institutional and informational density of the urban centers. These projects will contribute to the strengthening and integration of the urban centers in Bahia and will achieve the society goals for a strong democracy and for social and territorial inclusion.

Twenty years after its emergence, the least one can say is that sustainable development is not fully operational. This paper examines how to conceptualize what will come after sustainable development from three issues. Is not sustainable development by itself a contradiction? Development implies structural modifications, whereas sustainability supposes continuity. Which resources have to be preserved for the generations to come, if today we do not know which will be essential? Sustainability makes the dead end on the fact that the history of humanity is an alternation of more or less stationary phases and brutal ruptures. Can we really connect global and local scales in a large machinery, as if same principles governed the whole world and each single place? I fact, local and global interactions are not the same since cospatiality replaces distance. Actually, sustainable development dreams an unrealistic smooth world without clashes, conflicts, crises, Vingt ans après l'apparition du développement durable, le moins que l'on puisse dire est que son opérationnalité n'est pas évidente. Cette contribution tente de penser l'après-développement durable, à partir de trois grandes interrogations. Le développement durable ne recèle-t-il pas une contradiction en soi ? Le terme de développement implique une modification structurelle, où celui de durabilité suppose une continuité dans l'utilisation des ressources. Quel sens y a-t-il à préserver des ressources pour des générations futures, si nous ne savons pas lesquelles seront indispensables ? La durabilité fait l'impasse sur le fait que l'histoire de l'humanité est une alternance de phases plus ou moins stationnaires et de ruptures brutales. Est-il vraiment possible d'articuler grandes et petites échelles d'action, comme si les mêmes principes devaient fonctionner du mondial au local dans un grand mécano planétaire ? Du local au global, les interactions ne sont pas les mêmes. Convient-il de rappeler que le local peut être défini comme "ce qui relève du lieu". C'est-à-dire là où la cospatialité remplace la distance. Tout se passe comme si le développement durable révait un monde lisse sans heurts, sans conflits, sans crises : en somme, la négation même de la vie.

Cette conclusion générale de l'ouvrage "Territoires en action et dans l'action" est organisée en deux parties. La première revient sur les politiques publiques étudiées par les différents auteurs de l'ouvrage en adoptant un regard de géographie sociale qui fait de l'espace une dimension des sociétés. La deuxième, "désenchantement ou engagement pour le renouvellement démocratique?", est davantage un regard sur la dimension critique des différents textes, et plus largement des interventions sur et par les territoires.

Este artigo aborda a Política Nacional de Ordenamento Territorial (PNOT) como uma política territorial nacional contemporânea em processo de construção. Para tanto aborda-se 1) os cenários contemporâneos das políticas territoriais no Brasil; 2) subsídios técnicos para a definição da Política Nacional de Ordenamento Territorial, dentre eles i) o padrão de uso e ocupação do território e as principais tendências de transformação; ii) a contribuição de experiências nacionais e internacionais; iii) logística e ordenamento do território; iv) espaços geográficos sob poder da União e v) avaliação do aparato institucional e jurídico-legal na perspectiva da Política Nacional de Ordenamento Territorial. Como contribuição aos debates sobre o processo de construção da PNOT apresenta-se 3) o ordenamento territorial no cenário de integração regional; 4) a retomada de um projeto industrial baseado no vetor técnico-científico e por fim 5) as experiências brasileiras de inovação e a PNOT., This article deals with the National Territorial Management Policy (PNOT) as a national contemporaneous territorial policy in a construction process. It deals with 1) contemporaneous sceneries of territorial policies in Brazil; 2) technical subsidies for the definition of National Territorial Management Policy, among them a) territory occupation and its use pattern as well as main transformation tendencies; b) contribution of national and international experiences; c) logistics and territorial management; d) geographical spaces under Union rule and e) evaluation of institutional and legal apparatus in the perspective of the National Territorial Management Policy. As a contribution to the debates on the PNOT construction process it is presented 3) territorial management in the scenary of regional integration; 4) retaken of a industrial project based on the technical-scientific vector and at last 5) the brazilian experiencies of innovation related to the PNOT.

El trabajo se basa en un «reexamen» de la experiencia de América Latina en materia de intervenciones a favor de un desarrollo territorialmente más armónico. La mirada retrospectiva permite sostener que medio siglo de «ensayo y error» no muestra un resultado satisfactorio. Se privilegia, en la explicación, una carencia cognitiva acerca de la verdadera estructura y dinámica de los procesos de crecimiento y de desarrollo y se propone un nuevo marco cognitivo fuertemente basado en la teoría de sistemas y en las emergencias evolutivas producto de una creciente complejidad., This work is based on a «re-assessment» of the Latin American experience regarding interventions in favour of a more harmonious territorial development. A retrospective view allows us to conclude that half a century of «trial and error» does not lead to a satisfactory result. The explanation favours a cognitive lack of the real structure and dynamics of the growth and development processes. Moreover, a new cognitive framework is suggested which is strongly based on the systems theory and on the evolving consequences of an increasing complexity.

Los mapas oficiales de la República Argentina y, en particular, el proyecto de un mapa topográfico a gran escala han sido, en gran medida, el resultado de la articulación de las posibilidades técnicas, las coyunturas políticas (interior y exterior) y la política territorial del Estado. Así puede explicarse que los mapas oficiales hayan representado y representen no sólo aquello que les es posible desde el punto de vista técnico sino también “ficciones cartográficas” que expresan la política territorial oficial: en el siglo XIX se incorporaron a los mapas territorios casi desconocidos que estaban bajo dominio de las comunidades indígenas y desde mediados del siglo XX los mapas oficiales territorios sobre los que el Estado no ejerce soberanía (Malvinas / Falkland y el sector antártico)., The official cartography of Argentine Republic and, especially, the project of a topographical map on large scale, have been the result of a combination of technical possibilities, political circumstances and state territorial policies. Therefore, official cartography has represented not only what is possible from a technical point of view, but also “cartographical fictions” that express the official territorial policies: in the XIXth century, official maps incorporated aboriginal lands that were almost unknown for military, governors, and cartographers and since the middle of the XXth century, official maps include territories where the Argentinean State is not sovereign (Malvinas / Falkland and the Antarctic sector).

While the Interreg IIIb Alpine space programme for transnational territorial cooperation, launched in 2000, is going to conclude its activities by the end of 2006, a new programme is expected to strart in the framework of the EU structural funds programming period 2007-2013. The present article illustrates the results of a survey on « spatial policies » in the Alpine area, conducted for a « Prospective Study » in view of the elaboration of the forthcoming programme. A review of spatial policies in the framework of EU territorial governance processes (§ 1) introduces the illustration of the survey results, which are based on the analysis of 70 spatial policy documents currently in force, at different institutional levels, in the Alpine area (§ 2). A section of conclusions suggests how, in the light of the presented survey, the « Alpine Space » territorial cooperation programme could be improved in 2007-2013 (§ 3)., Janin Rivolin Umberto. Surveying spatial policies in the Alpine Space. In: Revue de géographie alpine, tome 94, n°2, 2006. Prospectives et coopération transnationale dans les Alpes, sous la direction de Martin Vanier. pp. 45-55.

La crisis del Estado keynesiano de bienestar en los años setenta del siglo pasado marcó un cambio profundo en la naturaleza de las políticas regionales que venían practicándose desde la posguerra, tanto en los países avanzados como en América Latina. De intervenciones proactivas y dirigistas (top down) -con énfasis en la corrección de las disparidades regionales- se pasó a enfoques descentralizados (bottom up), mediante estímulos selectivos y estratégicos, para promover el potencial endógeno de las economías regionales y locales. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis histórico de dicha evolución y una visión comparativa de las nuevas orientaciones de sus políticas territoriales en el ámbito de los países andinos. The crisis of the Keynesian Welfare State that took place in the seventies of the last century determined a deep change in the nature of the regional policies that had been in practice since the post-war, both in the developed countries and Latin America. Hence, proactive and top down interventions were replaced by decentralized (bottom-up) approaches seeking -trough strategic and selective instruments- the promotion of the endogenous potential of regional and local economies. For the particular case of the Andean countries, this paper presents a historical analysis of such evolution and a comparative view of the new orientations of its territorial policies.

O artigo analisa políticas territoriais, especificamente aquelas direcionadas para o desenvolvimento endógeno com base local. O Programa dos Pólos de Modernização Tecnológica da Serra da Secretaria de Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul tem sido implantado por Universidades comunitárias, principalmente, na década de 90. As ações dos atores coletivos civis, no sentido de implantação de políticas de inovação no Pólo de Modernização Tecnológica da Serra na Universidade de Caxias do Sul, região de planejamento do Conselho Regional de Desenvolvimento da Serra são analisadas especificamente nos municípios de Caxias do Sul e Campestre da Serra. The article examines territorial policies, particularly those aimed at local-based endogenous development. The program of areas of technological modernization (Programa dos Pólos de Modernização Tecnológica) of Rio Grande do Sul's State Department of Science and Technology has been established by community universities, specially in the 1990's. Actions by collective civil actors in order to establish innovative policies at the Highlands technological modernization areaat Caxias do Sul University - a planning region within the Highlands regional Development Council - specifically in the cities of Caxias do Sul and Campestre da Serra.

International audience

This document presents the impact assessments of a range of policies on migrants’ interaction with the social and economic structure of the remote and rural areas in the MATILDE countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and in the United Kingdom. Each report includes firstly a systematic gathering of information on existing policies that have a direct/indirect impact on migrants’ interaction with the social economic structure of remote and rural areas. This includes also those policies that were not designed for this purpose but nonetheless contribute to shape such an interaction. The information for this task has been collected by means of desk research and informants’ interviews. Secondly, for each country we carried out a meta-analysis/literature review on the existing literature/research that has focused on assessing traditional and foundational economics as well as social migrants’ impact in rural and remote areas in their country of settlement. The overall purpose of the meta-analysis was to pick up those elements that extant studies have indicated as drivers or barriers to social/economic integration and development. This review focuses on recent research – notably those produced in the last 10years – however it may include relevant research produced outside that period. Thirdly, each report includes an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the policies and services explored through semi-structured interviews. A range of stakeholders has been consulted in gathering this information on the migration-related policies and governance in the socio-economic realm – policy makers and public officers, public service providers, practitioners and organizations working on migration related fields, social policies and territorial planning, experts/scholars, (social) entrepreneurs (both TCN and native) and other relevant stakeholder (e.g. unions’ representatives, employers’ organization leaders, etc.). Finally, each country report includes two separate conclusions, describing if and how policy related factors act on the one side on the migrants’ impact into the country economy and on the other on their social inclusion/impact. This final section also includes an inventory of good practices.