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To study rumor spreading, a novel rumor spreading model with latent, constant recruitment, and varying total population is investigated. We carry out a global qualitative analysis of the rumor spreading model with latent, constant recruitment, and varying total population and studied the existence and stability of the rumor-elimination and prevailing equilibria and the impact different management strategies have on the rumor spreading process. The Runge-Kutta method is used for numerical simulation, and the simulation results imply that increasing the efforts to crack down on rumor spreaders, the timely disclosure of transparent information, the popularization of scientific knowledge, and the improvement of the ignorants’ discrimination may be effective rumor control measures.

Background Hypodermin A (HA) is a serine esterase that degrades complement, a key element of the innate immune system. Immunosuppressive properties of HA have previously been studied in vitro . However, such properties have not been fully demonstrated in vivo . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HA in inhibiting allograft rejection in an HA transgenic mouse model. Methods FVB (HA transgenic mice or wild-type mice) to BALB/c mice skin transplantation model were used. Skin grafts were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Results HA overexpression resulted in significantly prolonged skin allograft survival. Histologic changes in the skin allografts paralleled the gross appearance of rejection. ELISA and Western blotting showed that HA significantly reduced the content of complement C3 and C9 in HA skin allografts. The expressions of CD4, B7-2, and MHC class II were all significantly suppressed in HA skin allografts compared with the control group. Conclusions These findings suggest that HA effectively prolongs skin allograft survival. The study results provide insight into a promising strategy to improve the survival of grafts in humans.

GaN nucleation layers were grown on sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with different carrier gas. The morphology of nucleation layer which is crucial to GaN crystal quality was systematically studied using nitrogen and hydrogen as carrier gas. The GaN nucleation layer tends to form larger islands under H2 ambient, and forms higher density nucleation islands and thicker nucleation layer under N2 ambient.

Rationale Primary cardiac osteosarcoma is a rare tumor. To our knowledge, only 15 cases have been reported in the literature in the past 10 years. We describe a case of primary, cardiac, fibroblastic osteosarcoma in a 42-year-old woman. Patient concerns A 42-year-old woman with a 10-day history of chest pain. Intraoperatively, a mass was found originating from the ostium of the left inferior pulmonary vein in the left atrium, extending to the mitral orifice. Histologically, the tumor contained variable amounts of spindle cells and osseous differentiation in different areas. Primary, cardiac fibroblastic osteosarcoma had the typical appearance of interlacing hyperchromatic spindle-shaped stromal cells associated with osseous matrix. Diagnoses According to the clinicopathological features, diagnosis of primary, cardiac fibroblastic osteosarcoma was made. Interventions Wide surgical excision of the mass was performed. Outcomes Three months after the operation, transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a 3.2 cm × 2 cm recurrent mass in the wall of the left atrium (LA). She died shortly afterwards as a result of the local disease recurrence. Lessons In this report, we describe a rare case of primary, cardiac fibroblastic osteosarcoma, and findings are helpful for the pathologists would like to further identify the clinicopathological features of this rare tumor.

This study proposes and tests a model that explains TMS development in collocated and geographically dispersed teams using communication technology to share knowledge. The paper reports on data fro...

Mutual transformation between α2 and ωo phases has been an interesting topic in recent years. In this study, martensitic α2 was obtained by air-cooling from 1250 °C in Ti-37.5Al-12.5Nb (at%) alloy while four ωo variants formed in the βo phase matrix during the cooling process. Nonetheless, only one ωo variant was observed at the periphery of the α2 plates in the βo phase and the orientation relationship between these two phases was [0001] α2//[\({1\overline{2}10}\)] ωo; (\({11\overline{2}0}\)) α2//(0002) ωo. Thin γ plates precipitated within the α2 phase and were thought to be related to the appearance of ωo phase. The redistribution of the compositions during the phase transformations was studied by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The corresponding mechanisms of the phase transformations mentioned above are discussed.

Background There is no existing report on the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of melasma treatment currently conducted in China. This study aims to assess the quality of RCT- reporting in the treatment of melasma conducted in China. Methods Several databases were searched from their inception through to August 2014. In order to rate the report quality, we scored 1 for the item if it was reported in CONSORT 2010 and 0 for the item if it was not definitely stated or was not clear. For overall quality score (OQS), 13 items were scored and calculated with a range of 0 to 13. Five items (‘randomization’, ‘allocation concealment’, ‘blinding’, ‘baseline characteristics’ and ‘intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis’) were scored and a key methodological index score (MIS) was calculated with a range of 0 to 5 for each trial. Results A total of 246 relevant RCTs were included in the final analysis. The median OQS was 7, with a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 11. Some items’ information was insufficient, especially in the categories of ‘trial design’, ‘sample size’, ‘recruitment’ and ‘ancillary analyses’ with a positive rate of less than 20%. The median MIS was 1 with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 3. Some items’ reporting was poor, especially in the categories of ‘randomization’, ‘allocation concealment and implementation’, ‘blinding’ and ‘ITT analysis’ with a positive rate of less than 10%. The mean OQS increased by about 0.52 for manuscripts published in the period of 5-year increments (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.72; P

The measurement of inner diameter is a traditional and important measurement task in machining. Methods to measure the inner diameter are divided into contact and non-contact measurement. A contact measurement method with multiple inductive transducers is presented in this paper. In this paper, the constitution and structure of the system are described in order to establish the mathematical measurement model and analyze the measurement error emerged by inaccurate parameters. Moreover, the outputs measured by sensors are transformed into corresponding coordinates, and then the least square method is adopted to fit the coordinates to calculate the diameter, details will be presented in the paper. The measuring accuracy of the system is verified by experiment. The results indicate that this method could reduce the error caused by sensors deviated from the center of measuring circle and improve the measurement accuracy.

Double Parallel Joints coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a new type coordinate measuring device with 9 structural parameters with accuracy difficult to be ensured just by processing and assembly. Calibration is needed to identify the structural parameters of the measuring machine. This article describes the calibration process of such a Double Parallel Joints CMM, and simulation was employed to analyze how the number of samples and angle measurement accuracy influence the measurement precision and calibration result during calibrating process. The conclusions are very instructive to precision design or error allocation and calibration process of the Double Parallel Joints CMM. Key words o CMM, Double Parallel Joints, Parameter Identification, Simulation INTRODUCTION The focus of CMM research is on orthogonal coordinate measuring system with over 40 years development. Conventional CMMs have a very wide range of applications for its wide measurement range, high accuracy, connecting with flexible manufacturing systems and computer integrated manufacturing system. With the maturity of CMM and the requirements of large-scale engineering measurement, increasing studies on non-orthogonal CMM were carried out. Though Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine (AACMM) involving kinematic model, error model and structural parameters identify or calibration and so on has been studied in many domestic colleges, the accuracy of AACMM is limited because of its structur e and exorbitant expense on six high precision angle measuring system. W. Lotze proposed a novel low-cost CMM named ScanMax

Using the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. as explant to induce the adventitious bud, multiplication and radication. The results showed that the inducing and differentiating of bud was better on MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L, the multiplication of bud was on MS+6-BA 1.2 mg/L + NAA 0.l mg/L and the redication was on 1/2 MS + NAA 0.5 mg/L.

We have previously shown that troglitazone (TG) induces apoptosis in acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) cell lines. Here we show that normal bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood progenitors are highly resistant to TG at concentrations up to 100 microM, while primary cultures of AML bone marrow show significant decline in viability at >7.5 microM TG. The combination of standard cytotoxic agents (daunorubicin, etoposide, and cytarabine) with TG is synergistic in six AML cell lines, with the strongest synergy being exhibited when cells are pretreated with TG for 24h prior to addition of the cytotoxic agent. Significant declines in IC(50) for the cytotoxic agents are seen at nanomolar concentrations of TG. The in vitro synergy between TG and the cytotoxic drugs used in AML therapy provides a basis for in vivo evaluation of these combinations.