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Interaction between a shock wave and turbulence can yield complementary impacts to each other; when a shock wave is attenuated in turbulence the turbulent flow can gain energy from the shock wave, and vice versa

The characteristics of divergence-free grid turbulence interacting with a weak spherical shock wave with a Mach number of 1.05 are experimentally investigated. Turbulence-generating grids are used to generate nearly isotropic, divergence-free turbulence. The turbulent Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale Reλ and the turbulent Mach number Mt are 49≤Reλ≤159 and 0.709 × 10−3≤Mt≤2.803×10−3, respectively. A spherical shock wave is generated by a diaphragmless shock tube. The instantaneous streamwise velocity before and after the interaction is measured by a hot wire probe. The results show that the root-mean-square value of streamwise velocity fluctuations (r.m.s velocity) increases and the streamwise integral length scale decreases after the interaction. The changes in the r.m.s velocity become small with the increase in Reλ and Mt for the same strength of the shock wave. This tendency is similar to that of the streamwise integral length scale. The continuous wavelet analysis shows that high intens...

The long-chain base phytosphingosine is a component of sphingolipids and exists in yeast, plants and some mammalian tissues. Phytosphingosine is unique in that it possesses an additional hydroxyl group compared with other long-chain bases. However, its metabolism is unknown. Here we show that phytosphingosine is metabolized to odd-numbered fatty acids and is incorporated into glycerophospholipids both in yeast and mammalian cells. Disruption of the yeast gene encoding long-chain base 1-phosphate lyase, which catalyzes the committed step in the metabolism of phytosphingosine to glycerophospholipids, causes an similar to 40% reduction in the level of phosphatidylcholines that contain a C15 fatty acid. We also find that 2-hydroxypalmitic acid is an intermediate of the phytosphingosine metabolic pathway. Furthermore, we show that the yeast MPO1 gene, whose product belongs to a large, conserved protein family of unknown function, is involved in phytosphingosine metabolism. Our findings provide insights into fatty acid diversity and identify a pathway by which hydroxyl group-containing lipids are metabolized.

In long-time extennsion works of a breakwater and a wharf facing the open sea, there have been many cases where some ends and corners of the base of structure are damage befor to next work starts.This was also the case with the extension work of the East Breakwater of Hitachi-Naka Port that faces the Pacific Ocean in a severe construction. Under such circumstances, a study meeting was estalished in 1994 by the Kashima Harbor Construction Office, No.2 Harbor Construction Bureau of the Construction Ministry. The meeting is composed of learned men of experience and businessmen concerned with the port and harbor works to study and discuss some stuructures that may replace the concrete aporon block. As a result, “protective equipment of steel frame with chain net (hereinafter called a net for foundation)”, which is lighter and larger in convering area than the concrete apron block, etc, was devised and used for the actual construction.This paper descrdes the construction status, results of followup investion and those of hydraulic model experiments of the net for a foundation at East Breakwater of Hitachi-Naka Port.

Although very few studies have addressed the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of biliary tract cancer (BTC), several lines of evidence suggest a role for the erbB receptor family. Overexpression and activation of erbB2 has been reported in a significant percentage of human BTC. Further, we previously reported that overexpression of erbB2 basal epithelial cells of the biliary tract (BK5.erbB2 mouse) led to the development of BTC. However, the mechanisms by which erbB2 overexpression led to the spontaneous development of tumors specifically in the biliary tract are not completely understood. The goals of the current study were to (1) determine whether a cooperative relationship between bile acid exposure and erbB2 activation exists during biliary tract carcinogenesis and (2) to characterize the mechanism(s) underlying bile acid-mediated biliary tract carcinogenesis in cells with activated erbB2. In this study, we demonstrated that the secondary conjugated bile acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDC), increased proliferation of primary cultured gallbladder epithelial cells from BK5.erbB2 mice and human BTC cells. TCDC treatment activated EGFR/erbB2 and downstream signaling molecules in both primary cultured cells and human BTC cells. TCDC also increased the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands and TACE activity in human BTC cells. Inhibition of src activation led to attenuation of bile-induced upregulation of TACE activity as well as signaling through the EGFR/erbB2, suggesting that during the development of BTC erbB2 overexpression/activation accelerates the bile acid-induced signaling cascade: bile acid → src → TACE → EGFR/erbB2 → downstream signaling. We also provide direct evidence that bile acids possess tumor promoting capacity in epithelial cells overexpressing erbB2 using the two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. Collectively these findings suggest cooperative roles for bile acid and erbB2 activation in epithelial cell proliferation; bile acid appears to accelerate erbB2-induced pro-tumorigenic activities in the biliary tract and skin.

Self-limiting monolayer adsorption of Ge has been demonstrated on Si(100) at 520°C using dimethylgermane as a self-limiting molecular precursor. This opens a way for hetero-ALE of Ge on the Si surface.

Atomic layer epitaxy of germanium has been demonstrated successfully by alternating exposures of atomic hydrogen, which acts as a reactant for extracting hydrocarbon from the surface, and of dimethylgermane as a self-limiting molecular precursor. The ideal growth rate of one monolayer per cycle has been achieved with a wide ALE temperature window between 420°C and 528°C.

This paper reports on the reusability and the optimal reuse of iron-rich sludge for an electrochemical Fenton-type process using sequencing batch mode and separation batch mode reuse models. In the sequencing batch mode, processes of electrochemical treatment, neutralization, sedimentation, and re-dissolution of iron sludge were all performed in the same reactor, whereas the neutralization and sedimentation of iron sludge in the separation batch mode was carried out in an iron recovery tank separated from the electrochemical reactor. The effects of iron speciation at different pH levels were discussed. It was found that ferric ions at a pH ≤2.5 were suitable for this electrochemical Fenton-type process where ferrous ions acted as hydroxyl radical scavengers, generating brownish deposits on the cathode at pH 3. When the sequencing batch mode was applied, the current efficiency in the Fenton-type process after the iron recovery declined due to the formation of insoluble deposits on the electrodes, which decreased at lower pH. The deposits were mainly formed during the neutralization and sedimentation steps after the electrochemical process. Fortunately, iron from the sludge could be reused for the electrochemical process when the separation batch mode was used, with 100% iron recovery and no decline in current efficiency.

Background & Aims Gallbladder carcinoma (GBCa), a type of biliary tract cancer (BTC), has proven challenging to treat, demonstrating the need for more effective therapeutic strategies. In our current study, we examined the therapeutic effects of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor PCI-24781 against GBCa that developed in BK5.erbB2 mice. Methods PCI-24781 [50mg/kg/day] and control solutions were administered to BK5.erbB2 mice for 4 weeks. The therapeutic effect of PCI-24781 was evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy (USBM) throughout the experiment and histological analyses at the end of the experiment. To investigate potential mechanisms underlining the therapeutic effects of PCI-24781 on GBCa in BK5.erbB2 mice, PCI-24781-treated gallbladders were subjected to Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. The inhibitory effect of PCI-24781 on the growth of BTC cells was compared to the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and gemcitabine. To study the role of miRNAs in GBCa tumorigenesis, the expression profile of 368 miRNAs in GBCas from BK5.erbB2 (both treated and untreated) and wild type mice was analyzed. Results Treatment of BK5.erbB2 mice with PCI-24781 for 1 month prevented 79% of GBCa cases from progression and showed a clinical effect in 47% of cases. We also confirmed a potent inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth in human BTC cell lines treated with PCI-24781. This effect was associated with downregulation of ErbB2 mRNA and ErbB2 protein/activity and upregulation of acetylated histone and acetylated tubulin. Treatment with PCI-24781 resulted in decreased expression of Muc4, an intramembrane ligand for ErbB2, in BTC cells. PCI-24781 had more effects on growth inhibition of BTC cells than SAHA. In addition, PCI-24781 effectively inhibited the growth of gemcitabine-resistant cells. miRNA profiling revealed that the expression of several miRNAs was significantly altered in GBCa in the BK5.erbB2 mouse compared to normal gallbladder, including upregulated miR21, which was downregulated by PCI-24781. Conclusions These results indicate that PCI-24781 potently inhibits the growth of BTC cells by decreasing ErbB2 expression and activity as well as regulating altered miRNA expression. PCI-24781 may have a potential value as a novel chemotherapeutic agent against human BTC in which ErbB2 is overexpressed.

Novel atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) methods have been proposed for Ge, where the elemental kinetics of the chemical vapor deposition method are divided into two sequential phases, i.e., a monolayer adsorption phase and a subsequent desorption phase for the surface-terminating species. Ge-ALE has been achieved, for the first time, with an ideal growth rate of one monolayer per cycle, under constant substrate temperature conditions. The detailed ALE method and growth characteristics have been presented. Furthermore, atomic hydrogen exposure is shown to be effective for widening the Ge-ALE window.

In this paper, we propose multiple nonlinear subspace methods (MNSMs), in which each class consists of several subspaces with different kernel parameters. For each class and each candidate kernel parameter, we generate the subspace by KPCA, and obtain the projection length of an input vector onto each subspace. Then, for each class, we define the discriminant function by the sum of the weighted lengths. These weights in the discriminant function are optimized by subspace-based support vector machines (SS-SVMs) so that the margin between classes is maximized while minimizing the classification error. Thus, we can weight the subspaces for each class from the standpoint of class separability. Then, the computational cost of the model selection of MNSMs is lower than that of SS-SVMs because for SS-SVMs two hyper-parameters, which are the kernel parameter and the margin parameter, must be chosen before training. We show the advantages of the proposed method by computer experiments with benchmark data sets.

One of the major factors of performance degradation in OFDM transmission is influence of additive impulsive noise. Because of wide band property of impulsive noise, it affects the symbols transmitted on many sub-carriers and bit error rate characteristic severely degrades. In this paper, an iterative scheme that reduces influence of impulsive noise by generating a replica signal of impulsive noise and reducing it from the received signal is proposed. As the result of computer simulation, good performance was confirmed.

This paper proposes a robotic walker system with standing, walking and seating assistance function. Our system focuses on domestic use for aged person who needs nursing in their daily life. Our key ideas are two topics. The first topic is combination of standing assistance function and walking assistance function. In previous works, many assistance devices are specialized in only “standing-up operation” or “walking operation”. However, in their daily life, elderly people need standing, walking and seating assistance continuously by the same device. Therefore, our developing assistance system can support both operations by a small sized mechanism which is easy to use in the home. The second topic is a seating position adjustment assistance. From questionnaires of nursing specialists, a seating position adjustment requires the elderly people to walk backward and it is difficult operation for them. Furthermore, in many cases, a failure of this operation causes a fracture which has high risk to fall into bedridden life. Thus, our developing system can assist the aged users to adjust the seating position safety. The performance of our proposed system is verified by experiments using our prototype.

This paper proposes a robotic walker system with standing and walking assistance function. Our system focuses on domestic use for aged person who needs nursing in their daily life. Our key ideas are two topics. The first topic is combination of standing assistance function and walking assistance function. In previous works, many assistance devices are specialized in only ldquostanding-up operationrdquo or ldquowalking operationrdquo. However, in their daily life, elderly person needs standing, walking and seating assistance continuously by a same device. Our developing assistance system can support both operations by a small sized mechanism with low cost for domestic use. The second topic is steady standing assistance operation using an assistance manipulator and an active walker. In order to use the remaining physical strength of the patient, it is required to maintain the patientpsilas body posture which enables him to use own strength easily. According to the patientpsilas posture during standing up, our proposed system selects more appropriate device and controller, and realizes the standing assistance with steady posture of the patient based on the nursing specialists. The performance of our proposed system is verified by experiments using our prototype.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic and systemic disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by hyperplasia of synovial cells, which ultimately lead to the destruction of cartilage and bone. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that lead to RA, we analyzed synovial cells established from patients with RA by oligonucleotide microarrays. Gene expression profiles clearly suggested that oxidative stress is enhanced in RA synovial cells, which was confirmed by measuring cellular levels of reactive oxygen species. One of the highly up-regulated proteins in RA synovial cells was thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1), a protein that plays an important role in antioxidant defense system. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that TRXR1 suppresses hydrogen peroxide and inhibits apoptosis of RA synovial cells. Thus, our results reveal a novel pathophysiologic function of RA synovial cells as a generator of oxidative stress, and a self-defense mechanism against self-generated oxidative stress.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic progressive lung disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by the expansion of myofibroblasts and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix in the lung parenchyma. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that lead to IPF, we analyzed myofibroblasts established from patients with IPF by oligonucleotide microarrays. Gene expression profiles clearly suggested that lipid peroxidation is enhanced in myofibroblasts, which was confirmed by measuring cellular lipid hydroperoxides. One of the most highly up-regulated proteins in myofibroblasts was selenoprotein P, an antioxidant protein not previously associated with IPF. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that selenoprotein P reduces lipid hydroperoxides and maintains the viability of myofibroblasts. Thus, our results reveal a novel pathophysiologic function of myofibroblasts as a generator of lipid hydroperoxides, and a self-defense mechanism against self-generated oxidative stress.

Although the etiology of early events in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains undefined, an anomaly in T cell homeostasis and hyperproliferation of synovial-lining cells are involved in the disease process. Since it has been reported that the ephrin/Eph receptor system plays important signaling roles in inflammation processes, we attempted to examine ephrinB molecules in T cells and synovial cells derived from RA in this study. The expression level of ephrinB1 was significantly high in synovial fibroblasts and CD3-positive exudate lymphocytes in synovial tissues derived from patients with RA compared with those in osteoarthritis (OA). Protein and mRNA levels of ephrinB1 were also higher in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) prepared from patients with RA than those from normal controls. Similar results were obtained from an animal model of human RA, collagen antibody-induced arthritis mice. Moreover, a recombinant ephrinB1/Fc fusion protein stimulated normal PBLs to exhibit enhanced migration and production of TNF-α. EphrinB1/Fc also activated synovial cells established from patients with RA to produce IL-6. Tyrosine phosphorylation of EphB1 was induced in these cells by ephrinB1/Fc. The CpG islands in the 5′ upstream regulatory region of the ephrinB1 gene were hypomethylated in RA patients compared with those of normal donors. These results suggest that ephrinB1 and EphB1 receptors play an important role in the inflammatory states of RA, especially by affecting the population and function of T cells. Inhibition of the ephrinB/EphB system might be a novel target for the treatment of RA.

In our current research, we are developing a force assistance system for standing up motion. Our developing walker system realizes the standing up motion using the support pad with three degrees of freedom which is actuated by our proposed linkage mechanism. Furthermore, our walker system has a mobile function. In this paper, we develop the control scheme which realizes the natural standing up motion with safety and stability. For developing control scheme, we measure the typical standing up motion by the nursing specialist as control reference. In order to maintain the stability of the patients during this motion, it is required to move the zero moment point into the range of his foot. Therefore, we propose the novel control scheme for standing up motion using active walker function. The performance of our proposed control scheme is experimented by computer simulations.

Study design We investigated involvement of EphB/ephrinB system in neuropathic pain. Objective Using immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and RNA interference techniques, we examined the expression levels of EphB receptors and ephrinB ligands in neuropathic pain. We also explored the effect of ephrinB siRNA for neuropathic pain. Summary of background data It has been reported that EphB2 regulates the development of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus by interacting with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In acute pain models, it has been clear that EphB1/ephrinB2 interactions via the NMDA receptor modulates synaptic efficacy in spinal cord. Methods Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. A crush injury model was prepared by crushing the left L5 spinal nerve distal to dorsal root ganglions (DRG) under deep anesthesia. The sham operation was subjected as control. Expression of ephrinB2 and EphB1 were examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses with anti-EphB and anti-ephrinB antibodies. To assess involvement of ephrinB in neuropathic pain, we examined the effect of small interference RNA (siRNA) on mechanical allodynia. Results Among EphB and ephrinB isoforms tested, ephrinB2 and EphB1 were predominant in DRG and spinal cord. Results showed that the expression of ephrinB2 was enhanced in neurons in DRG and spinal cord by the injury in a time-dependent manner. EphB1 was expressed in neurons of spinal cord. Administration of ephrinB2 siRNA reduced the expression of ephrinB2 and mechanical allodynia. Conclusion Expression of ephrinB2 is enhanced by nerve injury in neurons in DRG and spinal cord, while its receptor EphB1 is expressed in spinal cord. These results suggest that induction of ephrinB2 might activate EphB1/ephrinB2 signaling pathway to regulate synaptic plasticity and reorganization, and that ephrinB2 siRNA could be a potential therapeutic agent for neuropathic pain.

OBJECTIVE—Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted from mononuclear cells. Serum concentration of IL-18 is a strong predictor of death in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that microinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy as well as of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the serum level of IL-18 is a common predictor of nephropathy and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Eighty-two Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 55 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. Patients with renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance RESULTS—Serum and urinary IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared with control subjects (serum IL-18 179 ± 62 vs. 121 ± 55 pg/ml, P < 0.001; urinary IL-18 97 ± 159 vs. 47 ± 54 pg/ml, P = 0.035). Univariate linear regression analysis showed significant positive correlations between serum IL-18 and AER (r [correlation coefficient] = 0.525, P < 0.001), HbA1c (r = 0.242, P = 0.029), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = 0.240, P = 0.031), and urinary β-2 microglobulin (r = 0.235, P = 0.036). Serum IL-18 levels also correlated positively with carotid IMT (r = 0.225, P = 0.042) and baPWV (r = 0.232, P = 0.040). We also found a significant correlation between urinary IL-18 and AER (r = 0.309, P = 0.005). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that AER (standard correlation coefficients [B] = 0.405, P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (B = 0.207, P = 0.033) were independently associated with serum IL-18 levels. AER was also independently associated with urinary IL-18 levels (B = 0.295, P = 0.005). Moreover, serum and urinary IL-18 levels correlated positively with AER after 6 months (r = 0.489, P < 0.001 and r = 0.320, P = 0.005) and changes in AER during the follow-up period (r = 0.268, P = 0.018 and r = 0.234, P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS—Serum levels of IL-18 might be a predictor of progression of diabetic nephropathy as well as cardiovascular diseases.

The behavior of a three-terminal domain wall (DW) device with a perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB free layer and underlying hard magnets was investigated. In a Ta/CoFeB/MgO free layer without hard magnets, a current-induced DW motion in the direction of electron flow was observed. In a device having a hard magnet under each end of the free layer, we found that a DW nucleated by injecting current played an important role in the switching of magnetization. We concluded that the switching of magnetization in our device is due to the displacement in the direction of electron flow of the DW created by current. After deriving the principle of operation through experiments, we describe a way to reduce the current required for writing by increasing the thickness of the hard magnets.

Background Annual urinary screening is conducted at municipal kindergartens, elementary schools, and junior high schools in Ikeda City, Osaka, Japan (Ikeda City School System), and the results are reviewed by a general physician, but standards for when to recommend specialist referral have not been clear. Methods In all children attending the Ikeda City School System in 2012, dipstick urinalysis of a first-morning urine specimen was recommended once or twice, and if a second urinalysis showed proteinuria (≥1+), the urinary protein/creatinine ratio was measured. If this showed ≥0.2 g/g of creatinine (g/gCr), it was recommended that the child be evaluated by a specialist at Ikeda City Hospital. Results Urinary screening was performed in about 20% (388) of kindergarten, about 90% (5363) of elementary school, and about 86% (2523) of junior high school children living in Ikeda City. Urine samples were obtained from 387, 5349, and 2476 children, respectively. The urinary protein/creatinine ratio was ≥0.2 g/gCr in 13 children, including 1 elementary and 12 junior high children. In these 13 children, chronic nephritic syndrome (CNS) was suspected in 6 junior high school children, and of these, this was a new finding in 5, and renal biopsy was indicated in 3. In Ikeda City, the prevalence of CNS in elementary school children was

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rising rapidly throughout the Western world, and is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus (BE). BE is intestinal metaplasia of squamous esophageal epithelium, important clinically due to the fact that it increases an individual's chance of progression to EAC 30 to 125-fold higher than people without BE. Despite its clinical importance, the molecular pathogenesis of BE is poorly understood. One limitation in the study of BE pathogenesis has been the lack of suitable experimental models. There is a critical need to develop good preclinical models of BE. ErbB2 was reported to be amplified and overexpressed in BE, EAC, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the role of erbB2 in the development and progression of esophageal cancer is still unknown. In this study, we utilized BK5.erbB2 mice, in which erbB2 is overexpressed in epithelial cells under the control of the bovine keratin 5 promoter to determine whether the interaction between erbB2 and bile acids is important in the etiology of esophageal cancers. BK5.erbB2 mice (2 months of age, n=8) and age matched wild type mice (n=10) were treated with porcine bile extract (10mg/mouse in 200μL water), taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC) (0.1μmol/mouse in 200μL water), or water control, 3 times weekly for 14 weeks by gavage. In the BK5.erbB2 mice, exophytic tumors in the forestomach, which has the same histological structure of esophagus, were observed in 20%, 33%, and 0% of mice treated with bile extract, TCDC, and water control, respectively. No tumors were observed in wild type mice. All tumors observed in BK5.erbB2 mice were diagnosed as SCC. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the bile acid treatment increased the levels of p-EGFR, p-MAPK, and p-Akt in the forestomachs of the BK5.erbB2 mice. Furthermore, CDX2 (a marker of BE) was significantly expressed in BK5.erbB2 mice treated with bile extract or TCDC. No development of intestinal metaplasia in forestomach was found. We further investigated using a surgically manipulated reflux model. Eleven 7 week-old BK5.erbB2 and 5 wild type mice were given an esophagogastroduodenostomy. Mice were sacrificed at post-operative week 8, and examined histologically. Hyperkeratosis and intestinal metaplasia were observed at the anastomosis sites in both BK5.erbB2 and wild type mice. These histological changes were more prominent in BK5.erbB2 mice. Interestingly, dysplastic lesions were observed only in BK5.erbB2 mice. These results indicate that more persistent exposure of bile via surgery induce the development of not only SCC, but also precancerous lesions of adenocarcinoma in the esophagus/forestomach of BK5.erbB2 mice. The interaction between erbB2 and bile acids is important in esophageal tumor formation and intestinal metaplasia. A surgical model using BK5.erbB2 mice could possibly be a promising model for the study of the development of EAC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1331. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1331

Esophageal cancer is considered to be one of the most lethal cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 23% to 50% for patients, even after complete resection with lymph node dissection. There are two common forms of esophageal cancer: squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and adenocarcinomas (EACs). It has been shown that the initial step in the development of EACs is the transformation of normal stratified squamous epithelium in the lower esophagus to metaplastic specialized columnar epithelium (SCE), a pathological condition caused by chronic gastroesophageal reflux of gastric acid and bile known as Barrett's esophagus (BE), and it is possible that this condition also leads to the development of ESCCs as well. Although it has been reported that erbB2 is strongly expressed in SCE, EACs, and ESCCs, the role of erbB2 in the development and progression of esophageal cancer is still unknown. Furthermore, the contribution of bile acids in the etiology of esophageal cancer has not been explored. In this study, to determine whether interaction between erbB2 and bile acids is important in the etiology of esophageal cancers, we utilized BK5.erbB2 mice, in which erbB2 is overexpressed in epithelial cells under the control of the bovine keratin 5 promoter. Eight two-month-old homozygous BK5.erbB2 mice and 8 wild type mice were initiated with N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA, 50μg/mouse in 200μL water, twice weekly for 3 consecutive weeks). Mice were then treated with porcine bile extract (10mg/mouse in 200μL water, 3 times weekly for 4 weeks) by gavage. Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after the last treatment and histopathological analyses in the esophagus, forestomach, squamocolumnar junction within the glandular stomach, and other tissues were performed. In wild type mice, only 20% of mice treated with NMBA/bile extract developed small papillomas in the forestomach and squamocolumnar junction at the stomach. In BK5.erbB2 mice, 50% of mice treated with bile extract alone developed significant hyperplasia, 63% of mice treated with NMBA alone developed papillomas, and 100% of mice treated with NMBA/bile extract developed large SCCs in these areas. BK5.erbB2 mice treated with bile extract also showed significantly elevated levels of cell proliferation as determined by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation in esophagus and forestomach compared to wild type mice. These results indicate that bile acids may play an important role in the development of stomach/esophageal tumors where erbB2 is overexpressed and/or activated. In this regard, bile acids may promote the development of these tumors. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the utility of the BK5.erbB2 mouse as a novel model for human stomach and esophageal cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4176.

A zinc porphyrin dimer, in which two porphyrin moieties were linked with an optically active (1R,2R)-trans-1,2-bis(aklylamide)cyclohexane unit, was incorporated into nanoscale fibers made of organogelators and the fluorescence quenching of zinc porphyrin moieties was diminished by the incorporation.

Chiral-twisted iron(III) porphyrin dimers were self-assembled to high-molecular-weight polynuclear species through the intermolecular formation of μ-oxo dimers.

not Available.

Glycine-conjugated bile acids serve as new hosts for multimolecular inclusion compounds; a novel three-leaved assembly is found in the crystal structure of a 1 : 1 complex between glycodeoxycholic acid and THF.

塩酸ミノサイクリン (MINO, 日本レダリー, 東京) を用いて歯周炎の局所治療法を確立するための研究を行なってきた。本研究は, MINOを2% (力価) に含有する軟膏製剤 (LS-007) を臨床的に用い, その有効性, 安全性ならびに有用性をもとに用法を検討したものである。4mm以上のポケットを有する辺縁性歯周炎患者45名の119歯を被験歯とし, LS-007とそのプラセボ, および市販のミノマイシン錠 (日本レダリー) を用い, 微生物学的および臨床的に用法を検討した。その結果, LS-007の局所投与は歯周病治療において, 臨床的有効性, 安全性および有用性があると結論した。

Three different sites which have more than 5 mm pocket were randomly selected in each periodontal patient and were divided into three groups: PT-01 treated site, placebo treated site and control site. After application of either PT-01 or placebo twice for two weeks, subgingval scaling and root planing were performed. Then PT-01 and the placebo were applied weekly to the periodontal pocket for four weeks and clinical and microbiological evaluations were made. The results obtained were as follows: 1. On clinical evaluation, significant improvement was found in the PT-01 treated site in comparison with the placebo treated and/or control site. 2. On microbiological evaluation, slight improvement was found in the PT-01 treated site, whereas there was no significant difference among the three sites.