Author: "Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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101. A Voltage‐Responsive Synthetic Cl- -Channel Regulated by pH

Author: Mihail Barboiu, Ji-Jun Jiang, Arie van der Lee, Shao-Ping Zheng, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, Antiporter, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Cell membrane, medicine.anatomical_structure, Amphiphile, medicine, Biophysics, Self-assembly, Lipid bilayer, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Ion channel
Abstract: International audience; Transmembrane protein channels are an important inspiration for the design of artificial ion channels. Their dipolar structure helps overcome the high energy barrier to selectively translocate water and ions sharing one pathway, across the cell membrane. Herein, we report that the amino‐imidazole (Imu) amphiphiles self‐assemble via multiple H‐bonding to form stable artificial Cl−‐channels within lipid bilayers. The alignment of water/Cl− wires influences the conduction of ions, envisioned to diffuse along the hydrophilic pathways; at acidic pH, Cl−/H+ symport conducts along a partly protonated channel, while at basic pH, higher Cl−/OH− antiport translocate through a neutral channel configuration, which can be greatly activated by applying strong electric field. This voltage/pH regulated channel system represents an unexplored alternative for ion‐pumping along artificial ion‐channels, parallel to that of biology.
Published: 2020

102. Dayside nitrogen and carbon escape on Titan: the role of exothermic chemistry

Author: F. He, Jun Cui, D.-D. Niu, Panayotis Lavvas, Yong Wei, H. Gu, XiaoShu Wu, J. H. Guo, Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), National Astronomical Observatories [Beijing] (NAOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Exothermic reaction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric escape, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Chemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Chemical reaction, symbols.namesake, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Chemical physics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Terrestrial planet, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Test particle, Ionosphere, Titan (rocket family), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Dissociative recombination, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Context. Atmospheric escape has an appreciable impact on the long-term climate evolution on terrestrial planets. Exothermic chemistry serves as an important mechanism driving atmospheric escape and the role of such a mechanism is of great interest for Titan due to its extremely complicated atmospheric and ionospheric composition. Aims. This study is devoted to a detailed investigation of neutral N and C escape on the dayside of Titan, which is driven by exothermic neutral–neutral, ion–neutral, and dissociative recombination (DR) reactions. It was carried out based on the extensive measurements of Titan’s upper atmospheric structure by a number of instruments on board Cassini, along with an improved understanding of the chemical network involved. Methods. A total number of 14 C- and N-containing species are investigated based on 146 exothermic chemical reactions that release hot neutrals with nascent energies above their respective local escape energies. For each species and each chemical channel, the hot neutral production rate profile is calculated, which provides an estimate of the corresponding escape rate when combined with the appropriate escape probability profile obtained from a test particle Monte Carlo model. Results. Our calculations suggest a total N escape rate of 9.0 × 1023 s−1 and a total C escape rate of 4.2 × 1023 s−1, driven by exothermic chemistry and appropriate for the dayside of Titan. The former is primarily contributed by neutral-neutral reactions, whereas the latter is dominated by ion–neutral reactions; however, contributions from neutral–neutral and DR reactions to the latter cannot be ignored either. Our calculations further reveal that the bulk of N escape is driven by hot N(4S) production from the collisional quenching of N(2D) by ambient N2, while C escape is mainly driven by hot CH3 and CH4 production via a number of important ion–neutral and neutral–neutral reactions. Conclusions. Considered in the context of prior investigations of other known escape mechanisms, we suggest that exothermic chemistry is likely to contribute appreciably to non-thermal C escape on the dayside of Titan, although it plays an insignificant role in N escape.
Published: 2020

103. Campylobacter jejuni promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through the action of cytolethal distending toxin

Author: Benoît J. Pons, Julien Vignard, David R. Hendrixson, Sarah Tomkovich, Zhen He, Christian Jobin, Rachel C. Newsome, Jllian L Pope, Michael Dougherty, Gladys Mirey, Raad Z. Gharaibeh, Jobin, Christian, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Medicine [Gainesville] (UF|Medicine), Génotoxicité & Signalisation (ToxAlim-GS), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R01DK073338], University of Florida Health Cancer Center (UFHCC) Funds, University of Florida Department of Medicine Gatorade Fund, UFHCC Funds, China Scholarship Council (CSC) funds, and National Institute of Health [R01AI065539]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cytolethal distending toxin, Colon, DNA damage, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, Campylobacter jejuni, colon carcinogenesis, campylobacter jejuni, Microbiology, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, medicine, entérotoxine, Toxicologie, bacterial enterotoxins, biology, Gastroenterology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, infective colitis, santé humaine, Cell cycle, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Hépatologie et Gastroentérologie, Comet assay, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Hépatology and Gastroenterology, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Carcinogenesis
Abstract: ObjectiveCampylobacter jejuni produces a genotoxin, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which has DNAse activity and causes DNA double-strand breaks. Although C. jejuni infection has been shown to promote intestinal inflammation, the impact of this bacterium on carcinogenesis has never been examined.DesignGerm-free (GF) ApcMin/+mice, fed with 1% dextran sulfate sodium, were used to test tumorigenesis potential of CDT-producing C. jejuni. Cells and enteroids were exposed to bacterial lysates to determine DNA damage capacity via γH2AX immunofluorescence, comet assay and cell cycle assay. To examine the interplay of CDT-producing C. jejuni, gut microbiome and host in tumorigenesis, colonic RNA-sequencing and faecal 16S rDNA sequencing were performed. Rapamycin was administrated to investigate the prevention of CDT-producing C. jejuni-induced tumorigenesis.ResultsGF ApcMin/+mice colonised with human clinical isolate C. jejuni81–176 developed significantly more and larger tumours when compared with uninfected mice. C. jejuni with a mutated cdtB subunit, mutcdtB, attenuated C. jejuni-induced tumorigenesis in vivo and decreased DNA damage response in cells and enteroids. C. jejuni infection induced expression of hundreds of colonic genes, with 22 genes dependent on the presence of cdtB. The C. jejuni-infected group had a significantly different microbial gene expression profile compared with the mutcdtB group as shown by metatranscriptomic data, and different microbial communities as measured by 16S rDNA sequencing. Finally, rapamycin could diminish the tumorigenic capability of C. jejuni.ConclusionHuman clinical isolate C. jejuni 81–176 promotes colorectal cancer and induces changes in microbial composition and transcriptomic responses, a process dependent on CDT production.
Published: 2018

104. A novel missense mutation of GJA8 causes congenital cataract in a large Mauritanian family

Author: Isabelle Audo, Christel Condroyer, Crystel Bonnet, Med Ahmed Sidi Ahmed, Mouna Hadrami, Christina Zeitz, Ahmed Houmeida, Sidi Cheikh, Mohamed Biya, Christine Petit, Panfeng Wang, Qingjiong Zhang, Fatimetou Veten, Université des Sciences, de Technologies et de Médecine (USTM), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Collège de France - Chaire Génétique et physiologie cellulaire, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), This work was supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (LR11IPT05), the E.C. Grant agreement N° 295097 for FP7 project GM‐NCD‐Inco (www.genomedika.org). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., We thank the patient and his family for their collaboration. We are grateful to the technical staff at Armand Trousseau Hospital in Paris for their assistance, European Project: 295097,EC:FP7:INCO,FP7-INCO-2011-6,GM_NCD_IN_CO(2011), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Reinforcing IPT capacities in Genomic Medicine, Non Communicable Diseases Investigation and international cooperation - GM_NCD_IN_CO - - EC:FP7:INCO2011-12-01 - 2014-11-30 - 295097 - VALID, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Chaire Génétique et physiologie cellulaire
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Connexin 50, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Missense mutation, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, business.industry, Mauritania, Childhood blindness, General Medicine, Cataract present, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, GJA8, Ophthalmology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, cataract, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, next-generation sequencing, sense organs, LENS OPACITY, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective of the study: Inborn lens opacity is the most frequent cause of childhood blindness. In this study, we aimed to define the presumed genetic cause of a congenital cataract present in a Mauritanian family over the last nine generations. Methods: A family history of the disease and eye examination were carried out for the family members. Next-generation sequencing using a panel of 116 cataract underlying genes was selectively conducted on the proband’s DNA. Nucleotide and amino acid changes and their impact on the phenotype were evaluated using various data analyzing software. Results: Congenital nuclear cataract, with autosomal dominant mode, was observed in the family. All patients had consequences on their vision in the first 2 years of life. Genetic screening revealed a new mutation c.166A>C (p.Thr56Pro) in GJA8, encoding the Cx50 α-connexin protein. This mutation co-segregated in all patients and was not observed in the unaffected family members and controls. The predicted secondary structure impacted by p.Thr56Pro revealed a localized disruption, in the first extra membrane loop of the wild-type sheet, which is replaced in the mutant protein by a turn then a coil. This conformational change was functionally predicted as probably damaging. Conclusion: A new mutation (c.166A>C) in GJA8 underlying a nuclear congenital cataract was identified in this study. Its segregation with the phenotype might be useful as a predicting marker of the disease.
Published: 2018

105. Polarity governs atomic interaction through two-dimensional materials

Author: Yuewei Zhang, Doyoon Lee, Kevin M. Daniels, Yang Shao-Horn, Tom Osadchy, D. Kurt Gaskill, Richard J. Molnar, Sang-Hoon Bae, Suresh Sundram, Kyusang Lee, Rachael L. Myers-Ward, Jeffrey C. Grossman, Yang Yu, Jeehwan Kim, Huashan Li, Kuan Qiao, Abdallah Ougazzaden, Yifan Nie, Yunjo Kim, Siddharth Rajan, Kyeongjae Cho, Wei Kong, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Georgia Tech - CNRS [Metz] (UMI2958), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-SUPELEC-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Georgia Institute of Technology [Lorraine, France]-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), NASA Headquarters, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CAMBRIDGE USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)
Subjects: Materials science, Polarity (physics), 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Monolayer, General Materials Science, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Thin film, Polarization (electrochemistry), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Graphene, Mechanical Engineering, Intermolecular force, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The transparency of two-dimensional (2D) materials to intermolecular interactions of crystalline materials has been an unresolved topic. Here we report that remote atomic interaction through 2D materials is governed by the binding nature, that is, the polarity of atomic bonds, both in the underlying substrates and in 2D material interlayers. Although the potential field from covalent-bonded materials is screened by a monolayer of graphene, that from ionic-bonded materials is strong enough to penetrate through a few layers of graphene. Such field penetration is substantially attenuated by 2D hexagonal boron nitride, which itself has polarization in its atomic bonds. Based on the control of transparency, modulated by the nature of materials as well as interlayer thickness, various types of single-crystalline materials across the periodic table can be epitaxially grown on 2D material-coated substrates. The epitaxial films can subsequently be released as free-standing membranes, which provides unique opportunities for the heterointegration of arbitrary single-crystalline thin films in functional applications.
Published: 2018

106. Phenothiazine-based theranostic compounds for in vivo near-infared fluorescence imaging of β-amyloid plaques and inhibition of Aβ aggregation

Author: Yan Xiong Fang, Chang-Zhi Dong, Yongliang Li, Jing Cai, Wanzheng Zhang, Longjia Yan, Zhiyun Du, Bernard Meunier, Huixiong Chen, Li Li, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), China Science Foundation (grant no.21672043), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging, Chemistry, Inhibitors, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Chemical Engineering, Transgene, Near-infrared fluorescence imaging, 02 engineering and technology, Neuropathology, Alzheimer's disease, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Theranostic agents, In vivo, Biophysics, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Senile plaques, Cognitive decline, 0210 nano-technology, Preclinical imaging
Abstract: International audience; A global burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been growing over last decades. Evidence indicates that β-amyloid (Aβ) production and senile plaque deposition in the brain is causative in the onset of AD pathogenesis. It appears much earlier than cognitive decline and plays a key role in initiating and developing AD neuropathology. As such, there is an intense passion with discovering theranostic agents which make a significant impact in diagnostic and therapy. Herein, we report an investigation of novel phenothiazine-based compounds as promising potential theranostic agents for AD. Remarkably, they have exhibited a high binding affinity toward Aβ aggregates, a good biostability and a strong increase in their fluorescence intensity with blue shift when interacting with Aβ aggregates. Furthermore, they have been simultaneously applied to perform NIR in vivo imaging of β-amyloid plaques in double transgenic AD mouse model, to prevent self-aggregation of Aβ monomer from forming toxic oligmers and to reduce Aβ-induced toxicity of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y).
Published: 2019

107. Brazilian montane rainforest expansion induced by Heinrich Stadial 1 event

Author: Ingrid Horák-Terra, Fausto O. Sarmiento, Gregório Ceccantini, Zhuo Zheng, Mark B. Bush, Augusto José Pereira Filho, Frédéric Boyer, Daniel Abel-Schaad, Anne-Marie Lézine, Jorge L. D. Pinaya, Paulo Eduardo de Oliveira, Maicon A. Silva, Thomas Kenji Akabane, Rachid Cheddadi, Felipe Vemado, Nicolás Misailidis Stríkis, Francesco Ficetola, Alain Hambuckers, Walter H. L. Pinaya, Francisco W. Cruz, Alexandra-Jane Henrot, Kangyou Huang, Cristiano Mazur Chiessi, Majda Nourelbait, Matthieu Carré, Pierre Taberlet, Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa, Louis François, Eric Coissac, Rudney de Almeida Santos, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, María Soledad López, Carlos Henrique Grohmann, Ali Rhoujjati, Vanda Brito de Medeiros, Polytechnic School [São Paulo], University of São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Geociências [São Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Departamento de Geoquimica (DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOQUIMICA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Florida Institute of Technology [Melbourne], Unité de Modélisation du Climat et des Cycles Biogéochimiques (UMCCB), Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), School of Earth Science and Geological Engineering [Guangzhou], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Université Chouaib Doukkali (UCD), Laboratoire Géoressources, Morocco, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo (Brazil), Institute of Biosciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (IAG), School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Institute of Energy and Environment, Fluminense Federal University [Niterói], Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri = Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Vallays (UFJMV), Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition Federal University of ABC, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Unité de biologie du comportement, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Géo-ressources, Unité associée au CNRST (URAC 42) (LGR), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), University of Georgia [USA], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Podocarpus, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Weinmannia, lcsh:Medicine, Rainforest, Subtropics, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Article, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Stadial, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, biology, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Climate-change ecology, lcsh:R, MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA, Palaeoecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Biogeography, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Araucaria
Abstract: The origin of modern disjunct plant distributions in the Brazilian Highlands with strong floristic affinities to distant montane rainforests of isolated mountaintops in the northeast and northern Amazonia and the Guyana Shield remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that these unexplained biogeographical patterns reflect former ecosystem rearrangements sustained by widespread plant migrations possibly due to climatic patterns that are very dissimilar from present-day conditions. To address this issue, we mapped the presence of the montane arboreal taxa Araucaria, Podocarpus, Drimys, Hedyosmum, Ilex, Myrsine, Symplocos, and Weinmannia, and cool-adapted plants in the families Myrtaceae, Ericaceae, and Arecaceae (palms) in 29 palynological records during Heinrich Stadial 1 Event, encompassing a latitudinal range of 30°S to 0°S. In addition, Principal Component Analysis and Species Distribution Modelling were used to represent past and modern habitat suitability for Podocarpus and Araucaria. The data reveals two long-distance patterns of plant migration connecting south/southeast to northeastern Brazil and Amazonia with a third short route extending from one of them. Their paleofloristic compositions suggest a climatic scenario of abundant rainfall and relative lower continental surface temperatures, possibly intensified by the effects of polar air incursions forming cold fronts into the Brazilian Highlands. Although these taxa are sensitive to changes in temperature, the combined pollen and speleothems proxy data indicate that this montane rainforest expansion during Heinrich Stadial 1 Event was triggered mainly by a less seasonal rainfall regime from the subtropics to the equatorial region., This work was funded by FAPESP research grant 2015/50683-2 to P.E. De Oliveira, VULPES Project, Belmount Forum.
Published: 2019

108. Dynamic Graded Epistemic Logic

Author: Hans van Ditmarsch, Minghui Ma, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Computational Epistemic Logic in LOrraine (CELLO), Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Logic, Generalization, Computer science, 0102 computer and information sciences, Statistics::Other Statistics, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, 01 natural sciences, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Epistemic modal logic, Computer Science::Logic in Computer Science, Calculus, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Event (probability theory), Mathematics::Commutative Algebra, Kripke models, Mathematics::Rings and Algebras, 06 humanities and the arts, Extension (predicate logic), 16. Peace & justice, Computer Science::Multiagent Systems, Philosophy, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Completeness (logic), 060302 philosophy, Dynamic epistemic logic, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN
Abstract: Graded epistemic logic is a logic for reasoning about uncertainties. Graded epistemic logic is interpreted on graded models. These models are generalizations of Kripke models. We obtain completeness of some graded epistemic logics. We further develop dynamic extensions of graded epistemic logics, along the framework of dynamic epistemic logic. We give an extension with public announcements, i.e., public events, and an extension with graded event models, a generalization also including nonpublic events. We present complete axiomatizations for both logics.
Published: 2019

109. A new method for recovering rare earth elements from the hyperaccumulating fern Dicranopteris linearis from China

Author: Zeinab Chour, Marie-Odile Simonnot, Jean Louis Morel, Baptiste Laubie, Rongliang Qiu, Bastien Jally, Laurence Muhr, Ye-Tao Tang, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ICEEL, and Labex Ressources 21
Subjects: 02 engineering and technology, Dicranopteris, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 020501 mining & metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Recovery, Nitric acid, Hydrometallurgy, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Hyperaccumulator, Rare earth elements, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Agromining, biology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Extraction (chemistry), General Chemistry, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, biology.organism_classification, Tailings, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Control and Systems Engineering, Sodium hydroxide, Dicranopteris linearis, Environmental chemistry, Phytomining, Environmental science, Fern
Abstract: International audience; Hyperaccumulator plants are new alternative sources for elements of interest e.g., nickel, rare-earth elements(REEs), as concentrations in their aerial parts are higher than in common low-grade ores. The fern Dicranopterislinearis naturally grows on former mine tailings in Southern China and is classified as a REE hyperaccumulator.The efficient recovery of REEs is fundamental to ensure economic viability and to limit the environmental impactof the process. This study presents a novel approach for the treatment of the Dicranopteris biomass after incinerationto ash to drastically improve the “bio-ore” grade and to generate heat. Ash structure and composition isdescribed, and challenges for efficient recovery of REEs are discussed. A pre-processing step, aiming at renderingthe REEs available for extraction, was designed to dissolve aluminum (Al) using concentrated sodium hydroxide(6 M) at an average temperature (80 ◦C). The operating parameters were investigated through experimentmethodology design and parametric studies to build an empirical model. Additional experiments revealed thatthe formation of insoluble aluminosilicate compounds limited the removal of aluminium. Rinsing the REE-richresidue proved to be effective to increase the REE concentration and was carefully designed. Subsequently,the REEs were extracted under mildly acidic conditions using nitric acid (25 ◦C, pH 4.8), producing a valuablesolution devoid of aluminium and containing 74% of the REEs.
Published: 2021

110. Mesozoic-Cenozoic cooling history of the Eastern Qinghai Nan Shan (NW China): Apatite low-temperature thermochronology constraints

Author: Feng Cheng, Jing Liu-Zeng, Yuntao Tian, Chang' an Li, Marc Jolivet, Xu Lin, China Three Gorges University, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Tianjin University (TJU), University of Rochester [USA], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41671011, 41702178, 41972212), Hunan Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 2019JJ40198), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, U-Th/He, Yellow River, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Fission track dating, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Tibetan Plateau, Fission track, Mesozoic, Longyang Gorge, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Canyon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, 15. Life on land, Cretaceous, Thermochronology, Closure temperature, Cenozoic, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the formation of the Qilian Shan in the NE Tibetan Plateau provides insights into the growth mechanisms of the northern portion of the plateau through time. The onset time of exhumation in the Qilian Shan is still debated. The Qinghai Nan Shan subrange, located in the southeastern Qilian Shan, is cut by the Yellow River that forms Longyang Gorge, providing a good vertical profile for thermochronological investigation of exhumation. In this paper, we reconstruct the cooling and exhumation history of the Eastern Qinghai Nan Shan using apatite fission-track(AFT) and apatite (Usingle bondTh)/He(AHe) thermochronological dating on basement rocks. The fission-track data display a marked age-elevation trend from Early Cretaceous (114–122 Ma) ages at the bottom of the canyon to Early-Middle Jurassic ages (165–180 Ma) at the top. Mean (Usingle bondTh)/He ages are mainly Early Cretaceous (97–128 Ma) with one Eocene outlier (42 Ma). Combined with fission track lengths, Dpar values and thermal modeling results, these data indicate that the study area resided above the closure temperature of AFT and AHe until Early Cretaceous. Rapid cooling occurred during the Early Cretaceous and early Cenozoic likely driven by the Lhasa and Indian blocks collision with the southern margin of the Asian continent. Nonetheless, since then exhumation was limited to less than a few kilometers in the study area. Combined with regional geological studies, the thermochronological analysis demonstrates that, since the Mesozoic, intense exhumation occurred simultaneously along the northern and southern margins of the Qilian Shan. Hence, we suggest that the geomorphic framework of the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau was established during the Early Cretaceous-early Cenozoic.
Published: 2021

111. Seed point set-based building roof extraction from airborne LiDAR point clouds using a top-down strategy

Author: Aojie Shen, Shangshu Cai, Guangjian Yan, Wuming Zhang, Lei Luo, Nicolas Mellado, Nan Wang, Guoqing Zhou, Jie Shao, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Structural Models and Tools in Computer Graphics (IRIT-STORM), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Anhui Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41971380 and Grant 41671414, Guangxi Natural Science Fund for Innovation Research Team under Grant 2019GXNSFGA245001, and Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science under Grant OFSLRSS201920
Subjects: Laser scanning, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Point cloud, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, 0201 civil engineering, Cloth simulation, 021105 building & construction, Segmentation, Point (geometry), Roof, Civil and Structural Engineering, Airborne LiDAR point cloud, Seed point set, Top-down strategy, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], Process (computing), Building and Construction, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Lidar, Control and Systems Engineering, Region growing, Roof extraction, Data mining, computer
Abstract: International audience; Building roof extraction from airborne laser scanning point clouds is significant for building modeling. The common method adopts a bottom-up strategy which requires a ground filtering process first, and the subsequent process of region growing based on a single seed point easily causes oversegmentation problem. This paper proposes a novel method to extract roofs. A top-down strategy based on cloth simulation is first used to detect seed point sets with semantic information; then, the roof seed points are extracted instead of a single seed point for region-growing segmentation. The proposed method is validated by three point cloud datasets that contain different types of roof and building footprints. The results show that the top-down strategy directly extracts roof seed point sets, most roofs are extracted by the region-growing algorithm based on the seed point set, and the total errors of roof extraction in the test areas are 0.65%, 1.07%, and 1.45%. The proposed method simplifies the workflow of roof extraction, reduces oversegmentation, and determines roofs in advance based on the semantic seed point set, which suggests a practical solution for rapid roof extraction.
Published: 2021

112. Unusual adsorption behaviours and responsive structural dynamics via selective gate effects of an hourglass porous metal–organic framework

Author: Ji-Jun Jiang, Mihail Barboiu, Dawei Wang, Cheng-Xia Chen, Cheng-Yong Su, Zhang-Wen Wei, Ying Xiong, Yan-Zhong Fan, Sha Chen, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Ligand, General Chemical Engineering, Diffusion, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Adsorption, Chemical physics, law, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Hourglass, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, Single crystal
Abstract: International audience; An hourglass porous metal-organic framework, LIFM-12, constructed on a T-shaped flexible ligand with Cu 2+ paddle-wheel clusters, shows temperature and gas adsorption responsive structural dynamics upon reversible molecular guest binding. Temperature-dependent single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction experiments show that the open gate status of the framework with adaptive behaviours facilitates kinetic diffusion of gas molecules resulting in the sequential filling of pores of different sizes, thus creating a breathing behaviour reminiscent of the observation of several steps in adsorption isotherms. In addition, adsorption studies revealed that LIFM-12 performs exceptional adsorption selectivity of 10-25 for CO 2 versus light gases N 2 , CH 4 , and CO and up to 200 for C 3 H 6 versus CH 4 .
Published: 2019

113. Speciation of REEs in ionic REE mine tailings under reclamation: Experimental and modelling study

Author: Janot, Noémie, Huot, Hermine, Montarges-Pelletier, Emmanuelle, Watteau, Françoise, Groenenberg, Jan E., Tang, Ye-Tao, Morel, Jean-Louis, Qiu, Rong-Liang, Leguedois, Sophie, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dong Hua University, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Labex Ressources 21, ANR: 10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), LabEx Ressources 21, and ANR-10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology
Abstract: International audience; Specific to Southern China, ion-adsorption REEs deposits represented 30% of worldwide production in 2017. REEs were traditionally mined by heap leaching using ammonium sulfate, leading to significant environmental damage. Reclamation of the resulting mine tailings is limited by the poor physical conditions of the tailings, their low organic matter and nutrient levels as well as their high residual REEs content. Reclamation practices of such sites can include natural attenuation or phytoremediation, using soil amendment or construction, and planting of various species. These practices induce drastic changes in the biogeochemical conditions of the soils and thus potentially modify REEs and nutrients availability, affecting the sustainability of the reclamation.To gain understanding on the impact of reclamation practices on REEs dynamics, we study a mine tailing site in Ganzhou city, Jiangxi province (116 km²), that has been abandoned for 10y. Experimental plots (2x2m) were installed on the top of the tailings to monitor plants and soil development over time and evaluate different phytoremediation techniques: phytostabilization using perennial grasses or fiber plants, and phytoextraction using REEs hyperaccumulators.Understanding REEs fate and bioavailability requires knowledge of the speciation of REEs in the tailings. Size fractionation and elemental analysis showed that REEs are concentrated in the fine fraction of the material. SEM and X-ray microprobe analyses showed that Ce is mostly present as Ce4+, but Ce3+ was evidenced in co-localization with other REEs on several occurences in topsoil sample.To evaluate the different practices, we developed a geochemical model describing REEs speciation in these materials. A process-based multi-surface model was parametrized for REEs surface complexation in soils in the platform ORCHESTRA. Based on measured contents of REEs, clays and Al/Fe-(hydr)oxides and solution pH and DOC concentration, we predicted dissolved REEs concentrations in pore water and CaCl2-extract. The model is evaluated by comparing modelled vs. measured REEs solid:solution partitioning in different plots. Results show the primordial influence of both pH and organic content in speciation and partitioning of REEs.
Published: 2019

114. OceanGliders: A Component of the Integrated GOOS

Author: Pierre Testor, Brad de Young, Daniel L. Rudnick, Scott Glenn, Daniel Hayes, Craig M. Lee, Charitha Pattiaratchi, Katherine Hill, Emma Heslop, Victor Turpin, Pekka Alenius, Carlos Barrera, John A. Barth, Nicholas Beaird, Guislain Bécu, Anthony Bosse, François Bourrin, J. Alexander Brearley, Yi Chao, Sue Chen, Jacopo Chiggiato, Laurent Coppola, Richard Crout, James Cummings, Beth Curry, Ruth Curry, Richard Davis, Kruti Desai, Steve DiMarco, Catherine Edwards, Sophie Fielding, Ilker Fer, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Hezi Gildor, Gustavo Goni, Dimitri Gutierrez, Peter Haugan, David Hebert, Joleen Heiderich, Stephanie Henson, Karen Heywood, Patrick Hogan, Loïc Houpert, Sik Huh, Mark E. Inall, Masso Ishii, Shin-ichi Ito, Sachihiko Itoh, Sen Jan, Jan Kaiser, Johannes Karstensen, Barbara Kirkpatrick, Jody Klymak, Josh Kohut, Gerd Krahmann, Marjolaine Krug, Sam McClatchie, Frédéric Marin, Elena Mauri, Avichal Mehra, Michael P. Meredith, Thomas Meunier, Travis Miles, Julio M. Morell, Laurent Mortier, Sarah Nicholson, Joanne O'Callaghan, Diarmuid O'Conchubhair, Peter Oke, Enric Pallàs-Sanz, Matthew Palmer, JongJin Park, Leonidas Perivoliotis, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Ruth Perry, Bastien Queste, Luc Rainville, Eric Rehm, Moninya Roughan, Nicholas Rome, Tetjana Ross, Simon Ruiz, Grace Saba, Amandine Schaeffer, Martha Schönau, Katrin Schroeder, Yugo Shimizu, Bernadette M. Sloyan, David Smeed, Derrick Snowden, Yumi Song, Sebastian Swart, Miguel Tenreiro, Andrew Thompson, Joaquin Tintore, Robert E. Todd, Cesar Toro, Hugh Venables, Taku Wagawa, Stephanie Waterman, Roy A. Watlington, Doug Wilson, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environmental Science and Engineering [Guangzhou] (SESE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [Cape Town] (CSIR), Ministery of Science and Technology, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [Pretoria] (CSIR), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship [Brisbane], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ocean observations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Underwater glider, Best practice, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452 [VDP], gliders, boundary currents, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, autonomous oceanic, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452 [VDP], platforms, storms, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, Dissemination, in situ ocean observing systems, water transformation, ocean data management, autonomous oceanic platforms, GOOS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Data collection, 010505 oceanography, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Ocean current, Glider, Data access, Geography, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q, business
Abstract: The OceanGliders program started in 2016 to support active coordination and enhancement of global glider activity. OceanGliders contributes to the international efforts of the Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) for Climate, Ocean Health, and Operational Services. It brings together marine scientists and engineers operating gliders around the world: (1) to observe the long-term physical, biogeochemical, and biological ocean processes and phenomena that are relevant for societal applications; and, (2) to contribute to the GOOS through real-time and delayed mode data dissemination. The OceanGliders program is distributed across national and regional observing systems and significantly contributes to integrated, multi-scale and multi-platform sampling strategies. OceanGliders shares best practices, requirements, and scientific knowledge needed for glider operations, data collection and analysis. It also monitors global glider activity and supports the dissemination of glider data through regional and global databases, in real-time and delayed modes, facilitating data access to the wider community. OceanGliders currently supports national, regional and global initiatives to maintain and expand the capabilities and application of gliders to meet key global challenges such as improved measurement of ocean boundary currents, water transformation and storm forecast.
Published: 2019
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115. Le contrat d'évaluation en didactique des langues

Author: Xu, Yiru, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations (ICAR), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and XU, YIRU
Subjects: [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

116. Polar Ocean Observations: A Critical Gap in the Observing System and Its Effect on Environmental Predictions From Hours to a Season

Author: Gregory C. Smith, Richard Allard, Marcel Babin, Laurent Bertino, Matthieu Chevallier, Gary Corlett, Julia Crout, Fraser Davidson, Bruno Delille, Sarah T. Gille, David Hebert, Patrick Hyder, Janet Intrieri, José Lagunas, Gilles Larnicol, Thomas Kaminski, Belinda Kater, Frank Kauker, Claudie Marec, Matthew Mazloff, E. Joseph Metzger, Calvin Mordy, Anne O’Carroll, Steffen M. Olsen, Michael Phelps, Pamela Posey, Pierre Prandi, Eric Rehm, Phillip Reid, Ignatius Rigor, Stein Sandven, Matthew Shupe, Sebastiaan Swart, Ole Martin Smedstad, Amy Solomon, Andrea Storto, Pierre Thibaut, John Toole, Kevin Wood, Jiping Xie, Qinghua Yang, the WWRP PPP Steering Group, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center (NRL-SSC), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Université de Liège, University of California, Equipe Apprentissage (DocApp - LITIS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes (LITIS), Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Normandie Université (NU), University of Exeter, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), University of Hamburg, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences [Zwolle], Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), University of Washington [Seattle], Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research (CAWCR), Polar Science Center [Seattle], Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle] (APL-UW), University of Washington [Seattle]-University of Washington [Seattle], Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ocean observations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, air-sea-ice fluxes, lcsh:QH1-199.5, operational oceanography, Weather forecasting, forecasting, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, computer.software_genre, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Article, Ice shelf, Sea ice, ocean modeling, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, Argo, Search and rescue, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, geography, Global and Planetary Change, geography.geographical_feature_category, YOPP, polar observations, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean current, ocean data assimilation, sea ice, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:Q, computer
Abstract: International audience; There is a growing need for operational oceanographic predictions in both the Arctic and Antarctic polar regions. In the former, this is driven by a declining ice cover accompanied by an increase in maritime traffic and exploitation of marine resources. Oceanographic predictions in the Antarctic are also important, both to support Antarctic operations and also to help elucidate processes governing sea ice and ice shelf stability. However, a significant gap exists in the ocean observing system in polar regions, compared to most areas of the global ocean, hindering the reliability of ocean and sea ice forecasts. This gap can also be seen from the spread in ocean and sea ice reanalyses for polar regions which provide an estimate of their uncertainty. The reduced reliability of polar predictions may affect the quality of various applications including search and rescue, coupling with numerical weather and seasonal predictions, historical reconstructions (reanalysis), aquaculture and environmental management including environmental emergency response. Here, we outline the status of existing near-real time ocean observational efforts in polar regions, discuss gaps, and explore perspectives for the future. Specific recommendations include a renewed call for open access to data, especially real-time data, as a critical capability for improved sea ice and weather forecasting and other environmental prediction needs. Dedicated efforts are also needed to make use of additional observations made as part of the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP; 2017–2019) to inform optimal observing system design. To provide a polar extension to the Argo network, it is recommended that a network of ice-borne sea ice and upper-ocean observing buoys be deployed and supported operationally in ice-covered areas together with autonomous profiling floats and gliders (potentially with ice detection capability) in seasonally ice covered seas. Finally, additional efforts to better measure and parameterize surface exchanges in polar regions are much needed to improve coupled environmental prediction.
Published: 2019
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117. Enhanced thermal sensitivity of MEMS bolometers integrated with nanometer- scale hole array structures

Author: Boqi Qiu, Sebastian Volz, Ya Zhang, Naomi Nagai, Kazuhiko Hirakawa, Masahiro Nomura, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire d'Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion (EM2C), and Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec
Subjects: Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, law.invention, Resonator, Thermal conductivity, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010302 applied physics, Microelectromechanical systems, business.industry, Bolometer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science::Other, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Optoelectronics, Nanometre, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure), lcsh:Physics
Abstract: We have fabricated two-dimensional nanometer-scale hole array structures on GaAs doubly-clamped microelectromechanical system (MEMS) beam resonators to modulate their thermal properties. Owing to the reduction in the thermal conductance of the MEMS beams by introducing the hole array structures, the nano-porous MEMS bolometers show 2-3 times larger thermal sensitivities than the unpatterned reference sample. Furthermore, since the heat capacitance of the MEMS beams is also reduced by introducing the hole array, the thermal decay time of the patterned MEMS beams is increased only by about 30-50%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the hole array structures for enhancing the thermal sensitivities of bolometers without significantly deteriorating their operation bandwidths.
Published: 2019

118. HyperPNN: Hyperspectral Pansharpening via Spectrally Predictive Convolutional Neural Networks

Author: Bo Li, Lin He, Jiawei Zhu, Jun Li, Jocelyn Chanussot, Antonio Plaza, South China University of Technology [Guangzhou] (SCUT), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory (Caceres, Spain), University of Extremadura, GIPSA - Signal Images Physique (GIPSA-SIGMAPHY), Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Beihang University (BUAA), and ANR-19-P3IA-0003,MIAI,MIAI @ Grenoble Alpes(2019)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Computer science, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Hyperspectral imaging, Pattern recognition, Spectral distortion, 02 engineering and technology, Convolutional neural network, Panchromatic film, Kernel (image processing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, High spatial resolution, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Computers in Earth Sciences, business, Image resolution, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract: Hyperspectral (HS) pansharpening intends to synthesize a HS image with a registered panchromatic image, to generate an enhanced image with simultaneous high spectral resolution and high spatial resolution. However, the spectral range gap between the two kinds of images and the need to resolve details for many continuous narrow bands make the technique prone to spectral distortion and spatial blurring. To mitigate the problems, we propose a new HS pansharpening framework via spectrally predictive convolutional neural networks (HyperPNN). In our proposed HyperPNN, spectrally predictive structure is introduced to strengthen the spectral prediction capability of a pansharpening network. Following the concept of the proposed HyperPNN, two specific pansharpening convolutional neural network (CNN) models, i.e., HyperPNN1 and HyperPNN2, are designed. Experimental results from three datasets suggest the excellent performance of our CNN-based HS pansharpening methods.
Published: 2019

119. Self-Assembled Columnar Triazole-Quartets -an example of synergetic H-bonding / Anion-π Channels

Author: Zheng, Shaoping, Li, Yuhao, Jiang, Ji-Jun, Arie Van Der, Lee, Dumitrescu, Dan, Barboiu, Mihail, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: [CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The self-assembly of triazole-amphiphiles has been examined in homogenous solution, in the solid state and in the bilayer membranes. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures show that stacked protonated Triazole-quartets-T4 quartets are mutually stabilized by strong recognition with two inner anions. Anion Hbonding/ion-pairing are combined with anion-π recognition to produce columnar architectures, resulted through anion-π interactions between anions and triazole moieties of vicinal T 4 quartets. In bilayer membranes, low transport activity is observed when the T 4 channels are operated as H + /Xtranslocators, but higher transport activity is observed when Xtranslocation was performed in the presence of K +carrier valinomycin. The anions channel results are interpreted as arising from discrete stacks of T-quartets where transport of would occur through the stacked T 4 macrocycles. These self-assembled channels presenting amazing structural behaviours, directionality, strong anion encapsulation via H-bonding supported with vicinal anion-π interactions are proposed as artificial supramolecular channels that transport anions across lipid bilayer membranes.
Published: 2019

120. Global evidence of positive biodiversity effects on spatial ecosystem stability in natural grasslands

Author: Nayun Shi, Yuhua Zhang, Michel Loreau, Lauchlan H. Fraser, Yongfan Wang, Marc W. Cadotte, Yuxin Chen, Shan Luo, Fengmin Huang, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Toronto] (EEB), University of Toronto, Thompson Rivers University (TRU), Guangdong University of Education (GDUE), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), European Project: 666971,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,BIOSTASES(2015), University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], Thompson Rivers University, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Grassland ecology, 0301 basic medicine, Science, Biodiversity, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Models, Biological, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Grassland, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Productivity, 2. Zero hunger, Ecological stability, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Species diversity, General Chemistry, Plants, 15. Life on land, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0210 nano-technology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: The effect of biodiversity on primary productivity has been a hot topic in ecology for over 20 years. Biodiversity–productivity relationships in natural ecosystems are highly variable, although positive relationships are most common. Understanding the conditions under which different relationships emerge is still a major challenge. Here, by analyzing HerbDivNet data, a global survey of natural grasslands, we show that biodiversity stabilizes rather than increases plant productivity in natural grasslands at the global scale. Our results suggest that the effect of species richness on productivity shifts from strongly positive in low-productivity communities to strongly negative in high-productivity communities. Thus, plant richness maintains community productivity at intermediate levels. As a result, it stabilizes plant productivity against environmental heterogeneity across space. Unifying biodiversity–productivity and biodiversity–spatial stability relationships at the global scale provides a new perspective on the functioning of natural ecosystems., Biodiversity–productivity relationships in natural ecosystems are highly variable, although positive relationships are most common. Here, using HerbDivNet data, the authors show that biodiversity stabilizes rather than increases plant productivity in natural grasslands at the global scale.
Published: 2019

121. Development and environmental implication of pedotransfer functions of Cd desorption rate coefficients in historically polluted soils

Author: Jiesheng Huang, Christophe Nguyen, Jingwei Wu, Zhongbing Lin, Xingying Zou, Kang Wang, Shuang Huang, Renduo Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University [China], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, pedotransfer function, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Pedotransfer function, Desorption, Cation-exchange capacity, Soil Pollutants, Organic matter, desorption rate coefficient, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, Cadmium, historical pollution, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Adsorption, Environmental Pollution, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; The desorption rate is an important factor determining cadmium (Cd) ecotoxicity and pollution remediation in soils. The pedotransfer functions (PTFs) of desorption rate coefficients of fresh Cd in soils have been developed in literature. We hypothesized that the aging of Cd pollution would alter Cd desorption process. Taking historically polluted soils as the object, this study aimed at testing the hypothesis and developing new PTFs of desorption rate coefficients for historical Cd. 15 d batch extraction experiments and 13 kinetic models were employed to define Cd desorption rate coefficients in 27 historically polluted soil samples. Compared with fresh Cd, the desorption rate coefficients of historical Cd were lower, and the break time of biphasic desorption processes was retarded to 3 d (4320 min). Different with the usual models for fresh Cd desorption (e.g. parabolic diffusion and two constant rate models), the best models to mimic the historical Cd desorption processes were the pseudo first order, logarithmic, Elovich, and simple Elovich models. The rate-limiting step controlling Cd desorption was changed from the intraparticle diffusion to the interface reaction with aging of pollution. New PTFs of desorption rate coefficients of historical Cd were established (R2 ≥ 0.71). Cd desorption rate coefficients increased with organic matter and clay contents, but decreased with oxalate extractable Fe content, solution pH, cation exchange capacity, and silt content. The key soil properties influencing desorption rate coefficients were not altered by the aging of pollution. The developed PTFs could guide us to adjusting the ecotoxicity and pollution remediation of Cd in historically polluted field soils.
Published: 2019

122. L'auto-régulation dans l'interaction exolingue chez les apprenants chinois du FLE : une stratégie individuelle ou collective ?

Author: Xu, Yiru, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations (ICAR), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XU, YIRU, and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

123. A global map of emission clumps for future monitoring of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from space

Author: Wang, Yilong, Ciais, Philippe, Broquet, Grégoire, Breon, Francois-Marie, Oda, Tomohiro, Lespinas, Franck, Meijer, Yasjka, Loescher, Armin, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Zheng, Bo, Xu, Haoran, Tao, Shu, Gurney, Kevin, Roest, Geoffrey, Santaren, Diego, Su, Yongxian, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Agency (ESA), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), University of Science and Technology LiaoNing (USTL), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], School of Environmental Science and Engineering [Guangzhou] (SESE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering
Abstract: A large fraction of fossil fuel CO2 emissions emanate from “hotspots”, such as cities (where direct CO2 emissions related to fossil fuel combustion in transport, residential, commercial sectors, etc., excluding emissions from electricity-producing power plants, occur), isolated power plants, and manufacturing facilities, which cover a small fraction of the land surface. The coverage of all high-emitting cities and point sources across the globe by bottom-up inventories is far from complete, and for most of those covered, the uncertainties in CO2 emission estimates in bottom-up inventories are too large to allow continuous and rigorous assessment of emission changes (Gurney et al., 2019). Space-borne imagery of atmospheric CO2 has the potential to provide independent estimates of CO2 emissions from hotspots. But first, what a hotspot is needs to be defined for the purpose of satellite observations. The proposed space-borne imagers with global coverage planned for the coming decade have a pixel size on the order of a few square kilometers and a XCO2 accuracy and precision of ppm for individual measurements of vertically integrated columns of dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2). This resolution and precision is insufficient to provide a cartography of emissions for each individual pixel. Rather, the integrated emission of diffuse emitting areas and intense point sources is sought. In this study, we characterize area and point fossil fuel CO2 emitting sources which generate coherent XCO2 plumes that may be observed from space. We characterize these emitting sources around the globe and they are referred to as “emission clumps” hereafter. An algorithm is proposed to identify emission clumps worldwide, based on the ODIAC global high-resolution 1 km fossil fuel emission data product. The clump algorithm selects the major urban areas from a GIS (geographic information system) file and two emission thresholds. The selected urban areas and a high emission threshold are used to identify clump cores such as inner city areas or large power plants. A low threshold and a random walker (RW) scheme are then used to aggregate all grid cells contiguous to cores in order to define a single clump. With our definition of the thresholds, which are appropriate for a space imagery with 0.5 ppm precision for a single XCO2 measurement, a total of 11 314 individual clumps, with 5088 area clumps, and 6226 point-source clumps (power plants) are identified. These clumps contribute 72 % of the global fossil fuel CO2 emissions according to the ODIAC inventory. The emission clumps is a new tool for comparing fossil fuel CO2 emissions from different inventories and objectively identifying emitting areas that have a potential to be detected by future global satellite imagery of XCO2. The emission clump data product is distributed from https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7217726.v1.
Published: 2019

124. Drug-resistant endothelial cells facilitate progression, EMT and chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via exosomes

Author: Jing Hou, Yong Li, Zhong Xu, Yu Zhang, Chaoquan Hu, He Lu, Hui Chao, Limin Huang, Hui Chen, Hong Li, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Gvh et Gvl : Physiopathologie Chez l'Homme et Chez l'Animal, Incidence et Role Therapeutique, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Air Force Engineering University [Xi'an] (AFEU), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Guizhou Medical University (贵州医科大学), Cancer et Transplantation : Physiopathologie et Réponse Thérapeutique (UMR 1165), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Cell type, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mice, Nude, Cell Communication, Exosomes, Exosome, Benzylidene Compounds, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, Cell Movement, Precursor cell, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Aniline Compounds, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs), Chemistry, Endothelial Cells, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Microvesicles, 030104 developmental biology, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Cytoplasm, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Drug resistance, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Disease Progression, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology
Abstract: International audience; Recent antitumor drug development has included investigation of a wide variety of anti-angiogenesis therapies. Because cancer cells in tumors require new blood vessels to grow and spread, they stimulate capillary proliferation from existing vessels as well as new vessel formation from endothelial precursor cells. Our previous findings suggested that drug resistance in mouse endothelial cells supported tumor growth, but the relationship between endothelial cells (ECs) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells remained unclear. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that are released by several cell types, including human microvascular ECs (HMECs). Exosomes carrying membrane and cytoplasmic constituents have been described as participants in a novel mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the interactions between HMECs and NPC cells. We found that drug-resistant HMECs secreted small heterogeneous 40-100 nm vesicles, defined as exosomes. Co-incubation of NPC cells with doxorubicin-resistant (R-DOX) HMEC-derived exosomes resulted in promotion of their proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance, as well as changes in the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. These effects were significantly inhibited by treatment with GW4869 (an exosome inhibitor). We also found that GW4869 inhibited the stimulation of drug-resistant HMECs on NPC progression by modulating EMT in vivo. These data suggest that exosomes participate in a novel mechanism by which drug-resistant ECs enhance NPC progression.
Published: 2019

125. Air temperature optima of vegetation productivity across global biomes

Author: Philippe Ciais, Xuhui Wang, Yiqi Luo, Ranga B. Myneni, Mengtian Huang, Hans Verbeeck, Mengdi Gao, Alessandro Cescatti, Joseph A. Berry, Trevor F. Keenan, Yongwen Liu, Shuli Niu, Ivan A. Janssens, Shushi Peng, Yue He, Tao Wang, Wenping Yuan, Xiaoying Shi, Matthias Cuntz, Jin Wu, Jiafu Mao, Kai Wang, Shilong Piao, Josep Peñuelas, Ramdane Alkama, Hannes De Deurwaerder, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Strategic Priority Research Program (A) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences XDA20050101National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)41530528National Key RAMP, D Program of China 2017YFA0604702United States Department of Energy (DOE)DE-FG02-04ER63917DE-FG02-04ER63911CFCAS Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada BIOCAP CGIAR Natural Resources Canada European Union (EU) FAO-GTOS-CO iLEAPS Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry National Science Foundation (NSF) University of Tuscia Universite Laval United States Department of Energy (DOE) European Research Council (ERC)ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-PFrench National Research Agency (ANR) Flemish Community through the Research Council of the University of Antwerp NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program IDS Award NNH17AE86ITerrestrial Ecosystem Science Scientific Focus Area project through the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program in the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division of the Biological and Environmental Research Program in the US Department of Energy Office of S United States Department of Energy (DOE)DE-AC05-00OR22725French National Research Agency (ANR)ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Peking University [Beijing], Chinese Academy of Sciences, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Department of Global Ecology [Carnegie] (DGE), Carnegie Institution for Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), University of Hong Kong, University of Antwerp (UA), D Program of China 2017YFA0604702United States Department of Energy (DOE)DE-FG02-04ER63917DE-FG02-04ER63911CFCAS Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada BIOCAP CGIAR Natural Resources Canada FAO-GTOS-CO iLEAPS Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry National Science Foundation (NSF) University of Tuscia Universite Laval Flemish Community through the Research Council of the University of Antwerp NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program IDS Award NNH17AE86ITerrestrial Ecosystem Science Scientific Focus Area project through the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program in the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division of the Biological and Environmental Research Program in the US Department of Energy Office of S United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC05-00OR22725, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Peking University, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Ghent University, U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Department of Global Ecology [Carnegie Institution], Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), and Brookhaven National Laboratory
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecosystem ecology, Climate, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biome, Eddy covariance, Climate change, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Carbon Cycle, primary productivity, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, parasitic diseases, Quantitative Biology::Populations and Evolution, Ecosystem, Leaf area index, Biology, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Climate-change ecology, Temperature, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Photosynthetic capacity, productivité primaire, Chemistry, température de l'air, 13. Climate action, Photosynthetic acclimation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: U nderstanding how photosynthesis responds to warming has been a focus in plant research in recent decades, and most of the existing knowledge comes from leaf-scale measurements 1-4. Most leaf-scale temperature response curves show that photosyn-thetic capacity increases with temperature up to an optimum temperature (T opt leaf), which typically occurs in the 30-40 °C temperature range 5,6. Above this optimum temperature, foliar photosynthetic capacity sharply declines as electron-transport and Rubisco enzy-matic capacities become impaired 7. Field et al. 8 suggested that ecosystem-scale optimum temperature T opt eco may differ from T opt leaf. At the ecosystem scale, elevated air temperatures do limit canopy photosynthesis by processes other than leaf carboxylation rates. For instance, elevated air temperatures may accelerate leaf ageing and increase leaf thickness (phenology; for example, ref. 9) and control stomatal closure because a higher temperature usually comes with a higher vapour pressure deficit (VPD) 10. In a more extreme case, warming-induced water stress could suppress canopy photosyn-thesis through partial hydraulic failure (hydraulics) by cavitation (for example, ref. 11). Empirical leaf-scale photosynthesis-temperature relationships 12 have been directly incorporated into global ecosystem models, with variants to account for acclimation, that is, a temporal adjustment of optimum photosynthetic temperature to air temperature during growth 5,13,14. This direct scaling of temperature responses from leaves to ecosystems partly determines model projections of gross primary productivity (GPP) and CO 2 uptake by terrestrial ecosystems in climatic scenarios. Verifying the existence of T opt eco in real-world ecosystems, defining its spatial distribution across and within biomes, and understanding the relationships between T opt eco , prevailing air temperature and T opt leaf are important for evaluating models and understanding the impacts of various climatic warming targets on ecosystem productivity. In this study, we formulate and test the following hypotheses: (1) T opt eco is higher for biomes when air temperature during growth is warmer, (2) T opt eco is lower than T opt leaf for any given ecosystem because the limitations mentioned earlier of stomatal conductance and phenology emerge before temperature begins to impair foliar pho-tosynthetic capacity, and (3) tropical forests already operate near a high T opt eco , above which canopy photosynthesis may decrease with even moderate air temperature warming 15,16. Here, we defined T opt eco as the daytime air temperature at which GPP is highest over a period of several years, and thus T opt eco can be empirically determined from productivity observations and proxies (see Methods). Results and discussion We first applied this approach on time series of daily GPP derived from CO 2 flux measurements at 153 globally distributed eddy cova-riance sites and found that a robust estimate of T opt eco could be derived The global distribution of the optimum air temperature for ecosystem-level gross primary productivity (T opt eco) is poorly understood , despite its importance for ecosystem carbon uptake under future warming. We provide empirical evidence for the existence of such an optimum, using measurements of in situ eddy covariance and satellite-derived proxies, and report its global distribution. T opt eco is consistently lower than the physiological optimum temperature of leaf-level photosynthetic capacity, which typically exceeds 30 °C. The global average T opt eco is estimated to be 23 ± 6 °C, with warmer regions having higher T opt eco values than colder regions. In tropical forests in particular, T opt eco is close to growing-season air temperature and is projected to fall below it under all scenarios of future climate, suggesting a limited safe operating space for these ecosystems under future warming.
Published: 2019

126. Supramolecular redox-responsive substrate carrier activity of a ferrocenyl Janus device

Author: Haibin Gu, Xiong Liu, Didier Astruc, Shengdong Mu, Jaime Ruiz, Qiangjun Ling, Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), and Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Dendrimers, Supramolecular chemistry, macromolecular substances, Ascorbic Acid, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Micelle, Ferric Compounds, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dynamic light scattering, Chlorides, Rhodamine B, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Janus, Ferrous Compounds, Micelles, Fluorescent Dyes, Drug Carriers, 010405 organic chemistry, Rhodamines, beta-Cyclodextrins, technology, industry, and agriculture, Ascorbic acid, Combinatorial chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Drug Liberation, Ferrocene, chemistry, Proton NMR, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: Supramolecular Janus compounds have recently attracted increasing attention owing to their dynamic reversible properties, distinct topological structures, and remarkable physicochemical characteristics, e.g., amphiphilicity, heterofunctionality, and high-density of terminal groups. Herein, a new redox-responsive supramolecular Janus device was designed and synthesized involving β-cyclodextrin and 2-fold ferrocene host-guest interactions. The complex formation was analyzed via one-dimensional 1H NMR and two-dimensional Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy. FeCl3 and ascorbic acid were used as oxidation and reduction triggers, respectively, to modulate the self-assembly behavior in water through complexation/dissociation of β-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds resulting from redox-conversion of the ferrocenyl guest moieties. The redox-responsiveness of the obtained supramolecular micelles was studied via scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Substrate-loading ability of the supramolecular micelles was confirmed with Rhodamine B, and the oxidation of ferrocenyl groups led to the release of the loaded cargos. The present work illustrates a valuable design example of supramolecular Janus systems using the host-guest complexation between β-cyclodextrin and ferrocenyl structures. The present supramolecular micelle may be used as a promising molecular vehicle for application in the field of stimuli-responsive drug delivery.
Published: 2019

127. Acquisition des voyelles nasales du français et interférences du cantonais1

Author: Junkai, Li, Li, Junkai, Yin, Yi, Pu, Zhihong, Centre de Recherche sur les Médiations (Crem), Université de Lorraine (UL), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Language and Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Les voyelles nasalisees par coarticulation sont communement trouvees dans de nombreuses langues ; cependant, les voyelles nasales en tant que phonemes independants n’existent que dans peu de langues. Avec 3 voyelles nasales et une position specifique de la langue et des levres, les voyelles nasales du francais constituent une difficulte importante pour les apprenants cantonophones. Cet article vise a examiner les caracteristiques de l’interlangue des voyelles nasales francaises produites par des apprenants cantonophones. En comparant les taux de nasalite, la longueur des voyelles, les pics spectraux (formants) et la position des levres entre les apprenants cantonophones et les locuteurs natifs du francais, nous avons remarque des influences de la coarticulation nasale en L1 (le cantonais) sur l’interlangue des voyelles nasales francaises. Les resultats de l’analyse sont les suivants : 1) il existe une difference significative au niveau du taux de nasalite entre les apprenants et les locuteurs natifs enquetes ; 2) la L1 joue un role important sur la longueur des voyelles et les valeurs maximales de la nasalite de la production des voyelles nasales ; 3) les apprenants eprouvent des difficultes dans l’arrondissement au cours de la production de certaines voyelles nasales francaises.
Published: 2019

128. Redistribution of Soil Organic Carbon Induced by Soil Erosion in the Nine River Basins of China

Author: Timothy A. Quine, Haicheng Zhang, Guangjin Tian, Xiaoyuan Wang, Wenping Yuan, Beijing Normal University (BNU), University of Exeter, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Drainage basin, Paleontology, Soil Science, Forestry, Soil carbon, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Erosion, Environmental science, Redistribution (chemistry), China, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

129. Can local ecological knowledge provide meaningful information on coastal cetacean diversity? A case study from the northern South China Sea

Author: Samuel T. Turvey, Rodolphe E. Gozlan, Chiou-Ju Yao, Luru Xing, Liang Fang, Mingli Lin, Songhai Li, Shiang-Lin Huang, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [Sanya] (IDSSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Sanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Tunghai University [Taichung], Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, South china, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, traditional ecological knowledge, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Distribution (economics), Hainan, South China Sea, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Focal species, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Questionnaire survey, Abundance (ecology), 14. Life underwater, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, Traditional knowledge, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Local ecological knowledge, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Humpback dolphin, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business, Diversity (politics)
Abstract: International audience; Identifying and evaluating potentially suitable tools to assess the status of cetaceans in coastal waters with high levels of anthropogenic threat represents a first step towards effective conservation management. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) can often provide more extensive information on focal species and biological resources than is available from standard ecological surveys, and is increasingly recognized as an important source of data for conservation research and management, but it has rarely been used as a tool to assess the status of cetaceans. We investigated the efficacy of using LEK from local fishers combined with stranding records to characterise the diversity and distribution of coastal cetaceans in the northern South China Sea, a region with high historical levels of cetacean abundance and diversity but which is experiencing intensifying anthropogenic pressures. Fishers were unable to identify most regionally occurring cetaceans to species level. However, we were able to determine the distributions of eight categories of cetaceans that were observed by fishers, and a previously unknown population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin reported from the coastal waters of Hainan that was later confirmed through boat-based surveys. The number of sightings of different cetacean categories reported by fishers has a significant positive linear relationship with independent data on numbers of stranded cetaceans, validating the accuracy of our respondent data and indicating that LEK can provide useful, quantitative information on abundance rankings of different cetacean categories.
Published: 2019

130. Engagement of vimentin intermediate filaments in hypotonic stress

Author: Yue Zhang, Wei Gao, Jian Li, Sandrine Etienne-Manneville, John E. Eriksson, Yaming Jiu, Fang Cheng, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology [Shangai], Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Shenzhen], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Polarité cellulaire, Migration et Cancer - Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by the '100 talents program' from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, collaborative research grant (Grant no. KLMVI‐OP‐201904) of CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur ofShanghai, and the starting grant (Grant no. 1185170000) of Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences.F. Cheng would like to thank Sigrid Jusélius foundation, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.81702750) and the Basic Research Project of Shenzhen (Grant no. JCY20170818164756460) for funding., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Osmotic shock, Intermediate Filaments, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Vimentin, macromolecular substances, Biochemistry, Microtubules, Motor protein, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Hypotonic Stress, Microtubule, Osmotic Pressure, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, ta318, Intermediate filament, Molecular Biology, ta317, biology, Chemistry, Nocodazole, Cell Biology, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, Cytoplasm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HeLa Cells
Abstract: International audience; Intermediate filaments (IFs) play a key role in the control of cell structure and morphology, cell mechano-responses, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms regulating IFs organization in motile adhesive cells under certain physical/pathological conditions remain to be fully understood. In this study, we found hypo-osmotic-induced stress results in a dramatic but reversible rearrangement of the IF network. Vimentin and nestin IFs are partially depolymerized as they are redistributed throughout the cell cytoplasm after hypo-osmotic shock. This spreading of the IFs requires an intact microtubule network and the motor protein associated transportation. Both nocodazole treatment and depletion of kinesin-1 (KIF5B) block the hypo-osmotic shock-induced rearrangement of IFs showing that the dynamic behavior of IFs largely depends on microtubules and kinesin-dependent transport. Moreover, we show that cell survival rates are dramatically decreased in response to hypo-osmotic shock, which was more severe by vimentin IFs depletion, indicating its contribution to osmotic endurance. Collectively, these results reveal a critical role of vimentin IFs under hypotonic stress and provide evidence that IFs are important for the defense mechanisms during the osmotic challenge. K E Y W O R D S cytoplasmic redistribution, hypo-osmosis, intermediate filaments, osmotic stress, vimentin
Published: 2019

131. SHARP SPECTRAL MULTIPLIERS WITHOUT SEMIGROUP FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATION TO RANDOM WALKS

Author: CHEN, Peng, OUHABAZ, El Maati, SIKORA, Adam, YAN, Lixin, Guangzhou University, Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Macquarie University, Department of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and ANR-18-CE40-0012,RAGE,Analyse Réelle et Géométrie(2018)
Subjects: Mathematics - Spectral Theory, 42B20 (primary), 47F05, 58J05 (secondary), Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics::Classical Analysis and ODEs, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH.MATH-FA]Mathematics [math]/Functional Analysis [math.FA], Spectral Theory (math.SP), Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: In this paper we prove spectral multiplier theorems for abstract self-adjoint operators on spaces of homogeneous type. We have two main objectives. The first one is to work outside the semigroup context. In contrast to previous works on this subject, we do not make any assumption on the semigroup. The second objective is to consider polynomial off-diagonal decay instead of exponential one. Our approach and results lead to new applications to several operators such as differential operators, pseudo-differential operators as well as Markov chains. In our general context we introduce a restriction type estimates \`a la Stein-Tomas. This allows us to obtain sharp spectral multiplier theorems and hence sharp Bochner-Riesz summability results. Finally, we consider the random walk on the integer lattice $\mathbf{Z}^n$ and prove sharp Bochner-Riesz summability results similar to those known for the standard Laplacian on $\mathbb{R}^n$.
Published: 2019

132. Investigation of radiation temperature and straining temperature effects on the screw dislocation mobility evolution in irradiated ferritic grains using 3D dislocation dynamics

Author: Li, Y., Robertson, C., Ma, X.F., Wang, Biao, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), The support of the Materials Research Program RMATE of the Nuclear Energy Division ofthe French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA/DEN) is also acknowledged, and CADARACHE, Bibliothèque
Subjects: [PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 3D dislocation dynamics simulation, DIAT shift, temperature effect, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]
Abstract: International audience; Nuclear structural materials subjected to neutron irradiation accumulate dose-dependent, disperse defect clusters populations. Subsequent dislocation/defect interactions induce material mechanical property degradations, including hardening and embrittlement. Our goal in this work is to evaluate the effect of disperse defect clusters population on the effective dislocation mobility in ferritic Fe-Cr grains, using 3D dislocation dynamics simulations. The defect induced changes of the grain-scale mechanical response are evaluated using the recently proposed Defect-Induced Apparent Temperature (DIAT) shift concept. It is found that the DIAT shift associated with a given defect dispersion scales with the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) shift associated with exactly the same, observed defect population. The dose-dependent evolutions associated with broad irradiation temperature and straining temperature changes are investigated herein, for further exploration and validation of the DIAT shift concept.
Published: 2019

133. Wide diversity of methane and short-chain alkane metabolisms in uncultured archaea

Author: Panagiotis S. Adam, Guillaume Borrel, Wen-Jun Li, Steven J. Hallam, William P. Inskeep, Luke J. McKay, Gary L. Andersen, Simonetta Gribaldo, Quentin Letourneur, Amine Ghozlane, Isabel N. Sierra-Garcia, Gerard Muyzer, Valéria Maia de Oliveira, Lin-Xing Chen, Jillian F. Banfield, Christian M. K. Sieber, Biologie Evolutive de la Cellule Microbienne - Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Montana State University (MSU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), G.B. acknowledges support from the Institut Pasteur through a Roux-Cantarini fellowship. P.S.A. is supported by a PhD fellowship from Paris Diderot University and by funds from the PhD Programme ‘Frontières du Vivant (FdV)-Programme Bettencourt’. S.G. acknowledges funding from the French National Agency for Research Grant ArchEvol (No. ANR-16-CE02-0005-01). This work used the computational and storage services (TARS cluster) provided by the IT department at Institut Pasteur, Paris. S.J.H. acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy (DOE) JGI supported by the Office of Science of US DOE Contract No. DE-AC02–05CH11231, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, Genome British Columbia, Genome Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and the Tula Foundation. I.N.S.-G. and V.M.d.O. are grateful to São Paulo Research Foundation—FAPESP (process Nos. 2011/14501-6 and 2013/20436-8) and Petrobras for financial support and to N. Gray and I. Head from the School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences at Newcastle University for lab facilities. W-J.L. was supported by Key Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) (Nos. 2013DFA31980 and 2015FY110100). G.M. was supported by the ERC Advanced Grant PARASOL (No. 322551). L.J.M. appreciates funding from the NASA Postdoctoral Programme through the NASA Astrobiology Institute and W.P.I. was supported by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station (Project No. 911300)., ANR-16-CE02-0005,Arch-Evol,Approches phylogenomiques pour étudier l'origine et évolution des Archées(2016), European Project: 322551,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120314,PARASOL(2013), Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), and Freshwater and Marine Ecology (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Methanogenesis, Immunology, Biodiversity, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Genome, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Alkanes, Genetics, Gene, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], DNA, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Archaea, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Archaeal, Medical Microbiology, 13. Climate action, Metagenomics, Evolutionary biology, Candidatus, Metagenome, Methane, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: International audience; Methanogenesis is an ancient metabolism of key ecological relevance, with direct impact on the evolution of Earth's climate. Recent results suggest that the diversity of methane metabolisms and their derivations have probably been vastly underestimated. Here, by probing thousands of publicly available metagenomes for homologues of methyl-coenzyme M reductase complex (MCR), we have obtained ten metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) belonging to potential methanogenic, anaerobic methanotrophic and short-chain alkane-oxidizing archaea. Five of these MAGs represent under-sampled (Verstraetearchaeota, Methanonatronarchaeia, ANME-1 and GoM-Arc1) or previously genomically undescribed (ANME-2c) archaeal lineages. The remaining five MAGs correspond to lineages that are only distantly related to previously known methanogens and span the entire archaeal phylogeny. Comprehensive comparative annotation substantially expands the metabolic diversity and energy conservation systems of MCR-bearing archaea. It also suggests the potential existence of a yet uncharacterized type of methanogenesis linked to short-chain alkane/fatty acid oxidation in a previously undescribed class of archaea ('Candidatus Methanoliparia'). We redefine a common core of marker genes specific to methanogenic, anaerobic methanotrophic and short-chain alkane-oxidizing archaea, and propose a possible scenario for the evolutionary and functional transitions that led to the emergence of such metabolic diversity.
Published: 2019

134. Climate and litter C/N ratio constrain soil organic carbon accumulation

Author: Shijie Han, Wenjuan Huang, Youxin Ma, Juxiu Liu, Wantong Wang, Philippe Ciais, Hai Ren, Shenggong Li, Yuelin Li, Xuli Tang, Stefano Manzoni, Guirui Yu, Junhua Yan, Shizhong Liu, Sheng Du, Deqiang Zhang, Guoyi Zhou, Keping Ma, Ping Zhou, Qianmei Zhang, Gengxu Wang, Xiankai Lu, Jingyun Fang, Xiuzhi Chen, Shan Xu, Guowei Chu, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), South China Institute of Botany, Academia Sinia, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stockholm University, State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yangzhou University, Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institute of Applied Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil texture, Climate change, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, wetness index, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, annual litterfall, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, soil texture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, litter carbon-to-nitrogen, soil organic carbon, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Species richness, sense organs, Research Article
Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays critical roles in stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the mechanistic controls on the amount and distribution of SOC on global scales are not well understood. In turn, this has hampered the ability to model global C budgets and to find measures to mitigate climate change. Here, based on the data from a large field survey campaign with 2600 plots across China's forest ecosystems and a global collection of published data from forested land, we find that a low litter carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and high wetness index (P/PET, precipitation-to-potential-evapotranspiration ratio) are the two factors that promote SOC accumulation, with only minor contributions of litter quantity and soil texture. The field survey data demonstrated that high plant diversity decreased litter C/N and thus indirectly promoted SOC accumulation by increasing the litter quality. We conclude that any changes in plant-community composition, plant-species richness and environmental factors that can reduce the litter C/N ratio, or climatic changes that increase wetness index, may promote SOC accumulation. The study provides a guideline for modeling the carbon cycle of various ecosystem scales and formulates the principle for land-based actions for mitigating the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration.
Published: 2019

135. Simultaneous attenuation of phytoaccumulation of Cd and As in soil treated with inorganic and organic amendments

Author: Chong Liu, Rongliang Qiu, Lin Ju, Charlie Li, Ye-Tao Tang, Shizhong Wang, Aijun Yao, Hao Qiu, Xiaodan Ling, Xiange Wei, Jean Louis Morel, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), and University of California
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental remediation, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Iron, chemistry.chemical_element, Manganese, Brassica, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Arsenic, Phosphates, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Fe-Si-Ca rich material, Biochar, Vegetables, medicine, Brassica chinensis, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cadmium, Magnesium, Oxides, General Medicine, Phosphate, Pollution, Bioaccumulation, Manure, chemistry, Manganese Compounds, Charcoal, Metal(loid), Ferric, Hydroxide, Organic amendment, medicine.drug, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: A novel Fe Si Ca rich material (IS), chicken manure (CM) and its biochar were investigated for their efficiency in simultaneous remediation of Cd and As uptake by the vegetable Brassica chinensis L. Wet chemistry analysis and X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to reveal the mechanisms responsible for Cd and As fixation in the amended soils. The IS treatment performed best in reducing Cd uptake, while the combination of IS and CM was the optimal one for As fixation. The precipitation/co-precipitation (in cadmium silicate/phosphate/phosphate hydroxide, cadmium iron and manganese oxides under alkaline conditions, and calcium/magnesium/ferric arsenates) and specific chemisorption (by amorphous iron/manganese oxides) were proved to be more efficient in simultaneously lowering As and Cd phytoavailability than was organic complexation. These findings demonstrate that Fe Si Ca and Fe Si Ca C amendments are highly efficient and promising in-situ remediation systems for safe crop production on soils contaminated with Cd and As.
Published: 2019

136. Monogenean fauna of alien tilapias (Cichlidae) in south China

Author: Antoine Pariselle, Zheng Y, Zhi T, Zhang S, Bilong Bilong Cf, Xu X, Yang T, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Gills, Male, Gyrodactylus, China, South china, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Fauna, Cichlidogyrus, Zoology, Enterogyrus, Introduced species, Alien, Aquaculture, Biology, 030308 mycology & parasitology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Fish Diseases, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, business.industry, Tilapias, Scutogyrus, biology.organism_classification, Lakes, Infectious Diseases, Synonym (taxonomy), Habitat, Insect Science, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Trematoda, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Introduced Species, Tilapia, Research Article, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Tilapias are important aquaculture fishes that have been introduced widely all over the world, often carrying their monogenean parasites with them. An extensive investigation on monogeneans of invasive tilapias was conducted in 19 natural water sources in south China between July 2015 and December 2017. We found nine known species of monogeneans, i.e., Enterogyrus coronatus, E. malmbergi, Cichlidogyrus cirratus, C. halli, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae, C. tilapiae, Scutogyrus longicornis, Gyrodactylus cichlidarum, and one unknown Gyrodactylus species. In addition to reporting ten new hosts and four new geographical records, we observed new morphological characteristics of these species. Observation on living specimens of Enterogyrus spp. demonstrated that these two species have characteristic opisthaptoral retraction capacities, while the opisthaptor glands were not observed in our specimens of E. coronatus and E. malmbergi. The morphological differences of the accessory piece of the male copulatory complex between C. cirratus and C. mbirizei (character for species differentiation) could result from the observation at different perspectives, which indicates that C. mbirizei is likely a synonym of C. cirratus. A more detailed structure of the sclerotized parts of Cichlidogyrus spp. and S. longicornis were revealed by scanning electron microscopy. As was the case for the monogeneans found on alien tilapias from other geographic regions, the present study confirmed the high potential of these monogeneans to establish populations in new habitats.
Published: 2019

137. Effects of the interactions between nickel and other trace metals on their accumulation in the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens

Author: Thibault Sterckeman, Ye-Tao Tang, Rongliang Qiu, Teng-Hao-Bo Deng, Guillaume Echevarria, Jean Louis Morel, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), National Natural Science Foundation of China 41371315, 41701369, Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China 2017A030310505, Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China 2014A050503032, Presidential Foundation of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science 201801, and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Absorption (pharmacology), EXPRESSION, THLASPI-CAERULESCENS, TRANSPORTER GENES, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, PROTEIN, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Metal, 03 medical and health sciences, ZINC, nickel, Nutrient, COBALT, Noccaea caerulescens, Hyperaccumulator, PLANTS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Iron uptake, Chemistry, PHYTOREMEDIATION, élément trace métallique, Nickel, 030104 developmental biology, hypéraccumulation, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, Shoot, visual_art.visual_art_medium, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, POPULATIONS, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, plante hyperaccumulatrice de métaux
Abstract: Nickel hyperaccumulators are a group of particular plant species which possess high efficient Ni uptake transport systems in their roots, the mechanisms of which however are far from being understood. Study on the interactions between nickel and other trace metals during root absorption process can provide insights into the Ni uptake patterns. Therefore, this work used model hyperaccumulator species Noccaea caerulescens to comprehensively assess the interaction between Ni and other trace metals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Co) during the root uptake process. Plants were grown in nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of Ni, Zn, Fe and Co, and the metal concentrations in roots and shoots were determined. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of Zn and Fe transporters were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Results showed that Ni uptake could be severely suppressed by the presence of Zn or Co, while greatly stimulated by Zn or Fe deficiency. Iron uptake could be also stimulated by Ni exposure. In addition, the expression levels of the Zn transporter ZIP10 and the Fe transporter IRT1 were increased after Ni exposure. It could be concluded that the great competition between Ni and the non-essential element Co indicates that Ni uptake is mainly controlled by non-specific transporters. Nickel may be mainly taken up via Zn transporters, while Fe transporters also play a role for Ni absorption.
Published: 2019

138. Probing dynamic processes in the eye at multiple spatial and temporal scales with multimodal full field OCT

Author: Scholler, Jules, Mazlin, Viacheslav, Thouvenin, Olivier, Groux, Kassandra, Xiao, Peng, Sahel, José-Alain, Fink, Mathias, Boccara, Claude, Grieve, Kate, Institut Langevin - Ondes et Images (UMR7587) (IL), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs
Abstract: International audience; We describe recent technological progress in multimodal en face full-field optical coherence tomography that has allowed detection of slow and fast dynamic processes in the eye. We show that by combining static, dynamic and fluorescence contrasts we can achieve label-free high-resolution imaging of the retina and anterior eye with temporal resolution from milliseconds to several hours, allowing us to probe biological activity at subcellular scales inside 3D bulk tissue. Our setups combine high lateral resolution over a large field of view with acquisition at several hundreds of frames per second which make it a promising tool for clinical applications and biomedical studies. Its contactless and non-destructive nature is shown to be effective for both following in vitro sample evolution over long periods of time and for imaging of the human eye in vivo.
Published: 2019

139. 'marvellous and surprizing conduct': The 'Masque of Devils' and Dramatic Genre in Thomas Shadwell's The Tempest

Author: Claude Fretz and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Literature, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 06 humanities and the arts, General Medicine, Art, 060202 literary studies, 060404 music, 0602 languages and literature, Tempest, business, 0604 arts, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Whereas most scholarly work on Restoration adaptations of Shakespeare's works has focused on textual changes, on the plays' political contexts, or on their musical settings, this article uses the example of the "Masque of Devils" in the 1674 Enchanted Island to show how Thomas Shadwell and his collaborators hybridized dramatic genre through spectacle. Furthermore, it argues that the integration of semi-operatic spectacle and generic innovation in the "Masque of Devils" was not purely a Restoration invention, but something that Dryden, Davenant, and Shadwell—with their aesthetic nous and political awareness—developed from Shakespeare's original Tempest. Rather than being a Restoration addition to the play, Shadwell's "Masque of Devils"—like Dryden and Davenant's shorter equivalent masque in the 1667 version (published in 1670)—is in fact a subtle iteration of a moment in 3.3 of Shakespeare's play, where Ariel appears as a harpy, accompanied by thunder and lightning. 3.3 marks one of the most generically indeterminate episodes in The Tempest, because even though it belongs to a play that the 1623 folio identifies as a comedy, it relies heavily on devices derived from tragedy. This article sets out to explore how Shadwell and his collaborators used a combination of spectacle and textual as well as musical revision to expand the original play’s tragic-comic dynamics. Uniquely, the article does not just draw on textual analysis, but also considers how genre hybridization manifests itself in performance. To achieve that, it takes into account likely staging conditions in the Restoration playhouses, before drawing on contemporary performance-as-research as a means of deepening our understanding of the generic category of “dramatick opera” and of the Restoration-era processes of revision that culminated in Shadwell’s Enchanted Island. The article’s final section incorporates observations made during a practice-based workshop on Shadwell’s 1674 adaptation of The Tempest that was held on 10–13 July 2017 at the Globe’s Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, an indoor space based on Restoration-era drawings of an unknown playhouse, possibly by John Webb. By examining the connections, rather than the textual differences, between The Tempest and The Enchanted Island, this article also challenges the misperception that the Civil War and the subsequent resumption of theatrical activity marked a somehow radical break with pre-war dramatic activity. Despite the fact that a successful Restoration production of Shakespeare usually entailed substantial rewriting—Shakespeare was viewed as raw material that needed to be refined in terms of both language and dramaturgy—Restoration theatre in many ways marks a continuation of creative developments around spectacle, musicality, and genre that had begun in the Jacobean and Caroline eras.
Published: 2019

140. Dislocation spreading and ductile-to-brittle transition in post-irradiated ferritic grains: Investigation of grain sizeand grain orientation effect by means of 3D dislocation dynamics simulations

Author: C. Robertson, Biao Wang, Xianfeng Ma, Yang Li, Service des Recherches Métallurgiques Appliquées (SRMA), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire d'Etude du Comportement Mécanique des Matériaux (LC2M), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), and European Project: 661913,H2020,NFRP-2014-2015,SOTERIA(2015)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Number density, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Transition temperature, 02 engineering and technology, Plasticity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Grain size, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Brittleness, Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Fracture (geology), General Materials Science, Crystallite, Composite material, Dislocation, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Post-irradiation plastic strain spreading in ferritic grains is investigated by means of three-dimensionaldislocation dynamics simulations, whereby dislocation-mediated plasticity mechanisms are analyzed in thepresence of various disperse defect populations, for different grain size and orientation cases. Each simulatedirradiation condition is then characterized by a specific "defect-induced apparent straining temperature shift" (DDIAT) magnitude, reflecting the statistical evolutions of dislocation mobility. It is found that the calculatedDDIAT level closely matches the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature shift (DDBTT) associated with a givendefect dispersion, characterized by the (average) defect size D and defect number density N. The noted DDIAT/DDBTT correlation can be explained based on plastic strain spreading arguments and applicable to manydifferent ferritic alloy compositions, at least within the range of simulation conditions examined herein. Thissystematic study represents one essential step toward the development of a fully predictive, dose-dependentfracture model, adapted to polycrystalline ferritic materials.
Published: 2019

141. Vers la compétence d'interaction en évaluation de l'oral chez les apprenants chinois en français langue étrangère (FLE)

Author: Xu, Yiru, XU, YIRU, Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations (ICAR), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

142. Top 100 research questions for biodiversity conservation in Southeast Asia

Author: Janice Ser Huay Lee, Peter A. Todd, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Dressler, Susan Page, Benjamin P. Y.-H. Lee, Mary Rose C. Posa, Damayanti Buchori, S. T. Vo, Eleanor M. Slade, Zeehan Jaafar, Beria Leimona, J. L. Coleman, Madhu Rao, Alice C. Hughes, Matthew Linkie, Lian Pin Koh, Syed Ajijur Rahman, T. E. E. dela Cruz, P. Parolin, Tien Ming Lee, Xingli Giam, A. Olsson, Luke Gibson, James Reed, Daniel A. Friess, Edward L. Webb, Kwek Yan Chong, Anuj Jain, David Taylor, Luis R. Carrasco, Anthony J. Lynam, M. Leggett, Graham W. Prescott, Charles M. Francis, David Bickford, Alan D. Ziegler, Gopalasamy Reuben Clements, Puay Yok Tan, John S. Ascher, Daniel R. Richards, David Edwards, Danwei Huang, Ryan A. Chisholm, A. Cabanban, Enoka P. Kudavidanage, Robert Steinmetz, Vincent Nijman, Matthew Scott Luskin, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Patrick Christie, Sorain J. Ramchunder, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), University of La Verne, Bogor Agricultural University - IPB (INDONESIA), Wetlands International, Partenaires INRAE, University of Washington [Seattle], Sunway University, University of Santo Tomas, University of Melbourne, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUST), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BirdLife International, Conservation International, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Tropical Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), National Parks Board, Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], School of life sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Indonésie] (ICRAF), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), World Agroforestry Centre, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Wildlife Conservation Society, Borneo Futures, Oxford Brookes University, University of Leicester, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Department of Geography, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), FCL, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, World Wide Fund (WWF), Vietnamese Academy of Sciences and Technology, and Asian School of the Environment
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation Biology, Expert Elicitation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Geology [Science], Expert elicitation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Ecosystem services, Deforestation, 11. Sustainability, Environmental planning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Research priorities, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable development, Human Dimension, Conservation biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Extinction, 15. Life on land, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, Threatened species, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Southeast (SE) Asia holds high regional biodiversity and endemism levels but is also one of the world's most threatened regions. Local, regional and global threats could have severe consequences for the future survival of many species and the provision of ecosystem services. In the face of myriad pressing environmental problems, we carried out a research prioritisation exercise involving 64 experts whose research relates to conservation biology and sustainability in SE Asia. Experts proposed the most pressing research questions which, if answered, would advance the goals of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in SE Asia. We received a total of 333 questions through three rounds of elicitation, ranked them (by votes) following a workshop and grouped them into themes. The top 100 questions depict SE Asia as a region where strong pressures on biodiversity interact in complex and poorly understood ways. They point to a lack of information about multiple facets of the environment, while exposing the many threats to biodiversity and human wellbeing. The themes that emerged indicate the need to evaluate specific drivers of biodiversity loss (wildlife harvesting, agricultural expansion, climate change, infrastructure development, pollution) and even to identify which species and habitats are most at risk. They also suggest the need to study the effectiveness of practice-based solutions (protected areas, ecological restoration), the human dimension (social interventions, organisational systems and processes and, the impacts of biodiversity loss and conservation interventions on people). Finally, they highlight gaps in fundamental knowledge of ecosystem function. These 100 questions should help prioritise and coordinate research, conservation, education and outreach activities and the distribution of scarce conservation resources in SE Asia. Accepted version The workshop was funded by a generous donation from Haiyi Holdings Pte Ltd. to the Department of Biological Sciences of the National University of Singapore.
Published: 2019

143. Detection of Mesospheric CO2 Ice Clouds on Mars in Southern Summer

Author: Loic Verdier, Nicholas M. Schneider, Hannes Gröller, Franck Montmessin, Sonal Jain, Fayu Jiang, Jun Cui, Roger V. Yelle, Justin Deighan, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, CAS Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London], Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mie scattering, Atmosphere of Mars, Mars Exploration Program, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Geophysics, Altitude, 13. Climate action, Extinction (optical mineralogy), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Longitude, Spectrograph, Geology, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This paper reports the first detections of two high‐altitude nighttime CO2 clouds on Mars during southern summer (Ls = 264° and Ls = 330°) with stellar occultation measurements by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft. Interpretation of the transmission spectra with Mie theory indicates particle radii of ~90‐110 nm assuming a mono‐disperse distribution. The altitude profile of extinction indicates that the cloud layers are confined horizontally to sizes less than ~ 500‐700~km. Examination of the CO2 density and temperature profiles reveals strong wave‐like perturbations. Supersaturated temperatures occur at the maximum negative extent of these wave‐like perturbations, which are organized in longitude with a dominant m=3 zonal harmonic. This suggests that tides are important in the formation of CO2 clouds.
Published: 2019

144. Contribution of conspecific soil microorganisms to tree seedling light responses: Insights from two tropical species with contrasting shade tolerance

Author: Juliette M. G. Bloor, Chengjin Chu, Nianxun Xi, Yan Wang, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), and National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Microorganism, Retour d'information sur les plantes et les sols, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, taux de croissance, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, 03 medical and health sciences, Growth rates, phosphorus, Bauhinia brachycarpa, Shade tolerance, luminous intensity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Light intensity, Caractéristiques fonctionnelles, azote, Biomass (ecology), biology, Bauhinia, Seedling morphology, Phosphorus, fungi, food and beverages, Plant community, Bauhinia variegata, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, intensité lumineuse, phosphore, Plant-Soil feedback, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, chemistry, Seedling, growth rate, Morphologie des semis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Functional traits, 010606 plant biology & botany, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Light intensity drives whole-plant carbon gain, with consequences for biomass production and plant community dynamics in forest systems. Recent studies suggest that soil microbial communities may mediate the impacts of resource availability on plant performance, yet little is known about the net effect of conspecific soil microorganisms for tree seedling light responses. Here we examined the interactive effects of light availability and presence of conspecific soil microorganisms on tree seedling growth, morphology and nutrient content for two congeneric tropical tree species. The two Bauhinia tree species with contrasting shade tolerance were grown in sterilized or unsterilized soil medium, under either high (50%) or low (10%) light conditions in a greenhouse experiment. Plant light responses and soil feedback effects were determined after 12 weeks. Results showed that the light-demanding tree species was generally more responsive to both light and soil microbes compared with its shade-tolerant congener. Presence of soil microbes enhanced plant growth and biomass responses to increased light availability for the light-demanding species alone, driven by positive soil feedback effects in high light. Six plant traits (leaf mass fraction, stem mass fraction, specific stem length, leaf phosphorus concentration, leaf nitrogen: phosphorus ratio and root nitrogen: phosphorus ratio) showed significant interactive effects between light and soil treatment. Observed changes to leaf biomass allocation in response to light in the presence of conspecific soil microorganisms were consistent with optimality theory and adjustments to maximize resource acquisition under different light conditions. In addition, presence of soil microbes decreased the average plasticity of plant nutrient content and stoichiometry in response to light for the light-demanding Bauhinia species. Together these results highlight the importance of conspecific soil microbes for plant-light relations, with implications for plant-plant interactions and species coexistence.
Published: 2019

145. Parathyroid hormone initiates dynamic NHERF1 phosphorylation cycling and conformational changes that regulate NPT2A-dependent phosphate transport

Author: Rima Al-awar, David Uehling, Babu Joseph, Sheng Li, Jose M. Paredes, Tatyana Mamonova, Angel Orte, Kunhong Xiao, W. Bruce Sneddon, Qiangmin Zhang, Peter A. Friedman, Jennifer McGarvey, Hongda Liu, Frederic Jean-Alphonse, Dawei Wang, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Medicine, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Structural Biology, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Supported by National Institutes of Health Awards DK105811 and DK111427 (to P. A. F.), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Grant CTQ2014-56370-R, the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (to A. O.)., Universidad de Los Andes [Venezuela] (ULA), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Protein Conformation, Parathyroid hormone, phosphoprotéine, biochimie structurale, Crystallography, X-Ray, Biochemistry, protein-protein interaction, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Serine, structural biology, Protein phosphorylation, Phosphorylation, deuterium, phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PP1), Chemistry, Kinase, PDZ domain, protein phosphorylation, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, NHERF1, NPT2A, phosphate transport, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], hydrogène, Lipids, transfert de phosphate, Cell biology, Parathyroid Hormone, Protein Structure and Folding, Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers, Phosphatase, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIa, Phosphates, phosphatase, [SDV.BDLR.RS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, Dephosphorylation, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Furans, Molecular Biology, Ion Transport, hormone thyroïdienne, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Cell Biology, Phosphoproteins, Phosphate, Receptors, Neuropeptide Y, HEK293 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, Phosphoprotein, transporteur de phosphate, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Human health and pathology, phosphorylation des protéines, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Na+-H+ exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1) is a PDZ protein that scaffolds membrane proteins, including sodium-phosphate co-transport protein 2A (NPT2A) at the plasma membrane. NHERF1 is a phosphoprotein with 40 Ser and Thr residues. Here, using tandem MS analysis, we characterized the sites of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced NHERF1 phosphorylation and identified 10 high-confidence phosphorylation sites. Ala replacement at Ser(46), Ser(162), Ser(181), Ser(269), Ser(280), Ser(291), Thr(293), Ser(299), and Ser(302) did not affect phosphate uptake, but S290A substitution abolished PTH-dependent phosphate transport. Unexpectedly, Ser(290) was rapidly dephosphorylated and rephosphorylated after PTH stimulation, and we found that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which binds NHERF1 through a conserved VxF/W PP1 motif, dephosphorylates Ser(290). Mutating (VPF259)-V-257 eliminated PP1 binding and blunted dephosphorylation. Tautomycetin blocked PP1 activity and abrogated PTH-sensitive phosphate transport. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), we observed that PTH paradoxically and transiently elevates intracellular phosphate. Added phosphate blocked PP1-mediated Ser(290) dephosphorylation of recombinant NHERF1. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS revealed that -sheets in NHERF1's PDZ2 domain display lower deuterium uptake than those in the structurally similar PDZ1, implying that PDZ1 is more cloistered. Dephosphorylated NHERF1 exhibited faster exchange at C-terminal residues suggesting that NHERF1 dephosphorylation precedes Ser(290) rephosphorylation. Our results show that PP1 and NHERF1 form a holoenzyme and that a multiprotein kinase cascade involving G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6A controls the Ser(290) phosphorylation status of NHERF1 and regulates PTH-sensitive, NPT2A-mediated phosphate uptake. These findings reveal how reversible phosphorylation modifies protein conformation and function and the biochemical mechanisms underlying PTH control of phosphate transport.
Published: 2019

146. Remote sensing of the terrestrial carbon cycle: A review of advances over 50 years

Author: Guoqing Sun, Jeffrey A. Hicke, Wenping Yuan, Xiaoyang Zhang, Jingfeng Xiao, Wenjian Ni, Li Zhang, Frédéric Chevallier, Kazuhito Ichii, Yong Pang, Luis Guanter, Abdullah F. Rahman, Cécile Gomez, Alfredo Huete, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centro de Tecnologías Físicas [Universitat Politècnica de València], Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Chiba University, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Forestry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), South Dakota State University (SDSTATE), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (Carbon Cycle Science Program) [NNX14AJ18G], National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (Climate Indicators and Data Products for Future National Climate Assessments) [NNX16AG61G], National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (Science of Terra and Aqua) [NNX14A170G], National Science Foundation (NSF) (MacroSystems Biology)National Science Foundation (NSF) [EF-1638688], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land surface temperature, Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Geological & Geomatics Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Ecosystem carbon, Optical remote sensing, Carbon fluxes, Ecosystem, Computers in Earth Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Carbon cycling, Lidar, Biosphere, Aboveground biomass, Geology, Carbon-climate feedbacks, Soil carbon, Disturbance, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Biomass carbon, 020801 environmental engineering, Microwave remote sensing, Carbon stocks, 13. Climate action, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Quantifying ecosystem carbon fluxes and stocks is essential for better understanding the global carbon cycle and improving projections of the carbon-climate feedbacks. Remote sensing has played a vital role in this endeavor during the last five decades by quantifying carbon fluxes and stocks. The availability of satellite observations of the land surface since the 1970s, particularly the early 1980s, has made it feasible to quantify ecosystem carbon fluxes and stocks at regional to global scales. Here we provide a review of the advances in remote sensing of the terrestrial carbon cycle from the early 1970s to present. First, we present an overview of the terrestrial carbon cycle and remote sensing of carbon fluxes and stocks. Remote sensing data acquired in a broad wavelength range (visible, infrared, and microwave) of the electromagnetic spectrum have been used to estimate carbon fluxes and/or stocks. Second, we provide a historical overview of the key milestones in remote sensing of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Third, we review the platforms/sensors, methods, findings, and challenges in remote sensing of carbon fluxes. The remote sensing data and techniques used to quantify carbon fluxes include vegetation indices, light use efficiency models, terrestrial biosphere models, data-driven (or machine learning) approaches, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), land surface temperature, and atmospheric inversions. Fourth, we review the platforms/sensors, methods, findings, and challenges in passive optical, microwave, and lidar remote sensing of biomass carbon stocks as well as remote sensing of soil organic carbon. Fifth, we review the progresses in remote sensing of disturbance impacts on the carbon cycle. Sixth, we also discuss the uncertainty and validation of the resulting carbon flux and stock estimates. Finally, we offer a forward-looking perspective and insights for future research and directions in remote sensing of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Remote sensing is anticipated to play an increasingly important role in carbon cycling studies in the future. This comprehensive and insightful review on 50?years of remote sensing of the terrestrial carbon cycle is timely and valuable and can benefit scientists in various research communities (e.g., carbon cycle, remote sensing, climate change, ecology) and inform ecosystem and carbon management, carbon-climate projections, and climate policymaking.
Published: 2019

147. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

Author: Alena Gonzalez Bevacqua, Murugesu Sivapalan, Rui Tong, Ruud van der Ent, Holger Lange, Krzysztof Kochanek, Kate Heal, Moussa Sidibe, Ida Westerberg, Scott T. Allen, Pablo Borges de Amorim, Eric Lindquist, Georgia Destouni, Maria-Helena Ramos, Bruce Misstear, Andrew J. Wade, Keith Beven, Luca Brocca, Mike Kirkby, Sina Khatami, David K. Kreamer, Pieter R. van Oel, Zahra Kalantari, Shreedhar Maskey, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Shamshagul Mashtayeva, James W. Kirchner, Andis Kalvans, Hubert H. G. Savenije, Sebastian H. Mernild, Gerrit H. de Rooij, Santosh K. Aryal, Ennio Ferrari, Julien Malard, Alberto Montanari, Ladislav Holko, Sonu Khanal, Silvia Kohnová, Camyla Innocente, Mel Sandells, Josie Geris, Tom Gleeson, Felipe P. J. de Barros, Ben Jarihani, Anne Van Loon, Stefan Krause, Maria Mavrova-Guirguinova, Marlies Barendrecht, María José Polo, Flavia Tauro, Zongxue Xu, B. I. Gartsman, Elena Ridolfi, Charles Perrin, Miriam Glendell, Yuanfang Chen, Ilja van Meerveld, Theresa Blume, Harald Kunstmann, Gemma Carr, Alireza Nabizadeh, Ebru Eris, Christopher J. White, Heidi Kreibich, Hannes Müller-Thomy, Ashish Sharma, Laura Foglia, Josep Mas-Pla, Subhabrata Panda, Shervan Gharari, Renzo Rosso, J. E. Reynolds, Stefano Ferraris, Saket Pande, Markus Hrachowitz, Laurent Pfister, David E. Robertson, Thomas Skaugen, Roy C. Sidle, Rafael Pimentel, Ross Woods, Alena Bartosova, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Grant Ferguson, Anam Amin, Chris Hopkinson, Korbinian Breinl, David A. Post, Mathew Herrnegger, Aldo Fiori, Ingelin Steinsland, Dawei Han, Lina Stein, Alberto Viglione, Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta, Bakhram Nurtaev, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Charles H. Luce, Martine van der Ploeg, Ronald van Nooijen, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Tirthankar Roy, Borbála Széles, Jens Kiesel, Cristina Prieto Sierra, Junguo Liu, Hafzullah Aksoy, Andreas Schumann, Pierluigi Claps, Berit Arheimer, Georgia Papacharalampous, Wouter Buytaert, Keirnan Fowler, Ulrich Strasser, David C. Finger, Elena Volpi, Matthew R. Hipsey, Paula Cunha David, Margarida L. R. Liberato, Alexander Gelfan, Barry Croke, V.O. Odongo, David M. Hannah, Günter Blöschl, Hristos Tyralis, Olga Makarieva, Nataliia Nesterova, Bettina Schaefli, Kamshat Tussupova, Guillaume Thirel, Kay Helfricht, Timothy E. Link, Earl Bardsley, Wouter J. M. Knoben, Vazken Andréassian, Ján Szolgay, Mojtaba Shafiei, Jose Luis Salinas, Jan Seibert, Benjamin Fersch, Doris Duethmann, Azhar Inam, Yongqiang Zhang, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Simon Gascoin, Hugh Smith, Martyn P. Clark, Xiaohong Chen, Maik Renner, Tissa H. Illangasekare, Remko Uijlenhoet, Victor R. Baker, Ravindra Dwivedi, Eric Servat, Christophe Cudennec, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Sabine M. Spiessl, Yangbo Chen, Thom Bogaard, Wouter R. Berghuijs, María P. González-Dugo, Gilles Boulet, Fernando Nardi, Eric Gaume, Jana von Freyberg, Gil Mahé, Peter Chifflard, Mitja Brilly, William H. Farmer, Monica Riva, James Feiccabrino, Claire Lupton, Anna Scolobig, João H.M. Sá, Przemysław Wachniew, Daniel P. Loucks, Jessica M. Driscoll, Bob Su, Elena Toth, Okke Batelaan, Eric F. Wood, Annette Dathe, David G. Tarboton, Attilio Castellarin, Alla Kolechkina, Björn Guse, Christopher M. U. Neale, Salvatore Grimaldi, Zhonghe Pang, Fuqiang Tian, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Christine Stumpp, Philip J. Ward, Stefan Haun, António Chambel, Riccardo Rigon, Andrea Castelletti, Michael E. Böttcher, Rens van Beek, Gianfausto Salvadori, Adrian A. Harpold, Adrian L. Collins, Hana Hlaváčiková, Clara Hohmann, Koray K. Yilmaz, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Évora [Portugal], Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Stockholm University, Roma Tre University, Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Department of Civil Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering [Bologna] (DICAM), University of Bologna, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Politecnico di Torino [Torino] (Polito), Istanbul Technical University, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Water Resources Section, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Hohai University, Research Applications Laboratory [Boulder] (RAL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Department of Earth Sciences [ Uppsala], Uppsala University, University of Reykjavik [Islande], Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Géotechnique, Eau et Risques (IFSTTAR/GER), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), The James Hutton Institute, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Center for Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes (CESEP), Colorado School of Mines, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hydrology Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), South University of Science and Technology of China, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU)-Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Water Science and Engineering, Institute for Water Education (UNESCO–IHE), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences (IACT), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica, Ambientale, Infrastrutture Viarie, Rilevamento, ICT Institute of Politecnico di Milano, University of Edinburgh, Boise State University, Coventry University, University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University (USU), Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University [Beijing], Wagenigen University, Utrecht Centre for Geosciences, Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Princeton University, Ege Üniversitesi, Water and Climate Risk, Bloschl G., Bierkens M.F.P., Chambel A., Cudennec C., Destouni G., Fiori A., Kirchner J.W., McDonnell J.J., Savenije H.H.G., Sivapalan M., Stumpp C., Toth E., Volpi E., Carr G., Lupton C., Salinas J., Szeles B., Viglione A., Aksoy H., Allen S.T., Amin A., Andreassian V., Arheimer B., Aryal S.K., Baker V., Bardsley E., Barendrecht M.H., Bartosova A., Batelaan O., Berghuijs W.R., Beven K., Blume T., Bogaard T., Borges de Amorim P., Bottcher M.E., Boulet G., Breinl K., Brilly M., Brocca L., Buytaert W., Castellarin A., Castelletti A., Chen X., Chen Y., Chifflard P., Claps P., Clark M.P., Collins A.L., Croke B., Dathe A., David P.C., de Barros F.P.J., de Rooij G., Di Baldassarre G., Driscoll J.M., Duethmann D., Dwivedi R., Eris E., Farmer W.H., Feiccabrino J., Ferguson G., Ferrari E., Ferraris S., Fersch B., Finger D., Foglia L., Fowler K., Gartsman B., Gascoin S., Gaume E., Gelfan A., Geris J., Gharari S., Gleeson T., Glendell M., Gonzalez Bevacqua A., Gonzalez-Dugo M.P., Grimaldi S., Gupta A.B., Guse B., Han D., Hannah D., Harpold A., Haun S., Heal K., Helfricht K., Herrnegger M., Hipsey M., Hlavacikova H., Hohmann C., Holko L., Hopkinson C., Hrachowitz M., Illangasekare T.H., Inam A., Innocente C., Istanbulluoglu E., Jarihani B., Kalantari Z., Kalvans A., Khanal S., Khatami S., Kiesel J., Kirkby M., Knoben W., Kochanek K., Kohnova S., Kolechkina A., Krause S., Kreamer D., Kreibich H., Kunstmann H., Lange H., Liberato M.L.R., Lindquist E., Link T., Liu J., Loucks D.P., Luce C., Mahe G., Makarieva O., Malard J., Mashtayeva S., Maskey S., Mas-Pla J., Mavrova-Guirguinova M., Mazzoleni M., Mernild S., Misstear B.D., Montanari A., Muller-Thomy H., Nabizadeh A., Nardi F., Neale C., Nesterova N., Nurtaev B., Odongo V.O., Panda S., Pande S., Pang Z., Papacharalampous G., Perrin C., Pfister L., Pimentel R., Polo M.J., Post D., Prieto Sierra C., Ramos M.-H., Renner M., Reynolds J.E., Ridolfi E., Rigon R., Riva M., Robertson D.E., Rosso R., Roy T., Sa J.H.M., Salvadori G., Sandells M., Schaefli B., Schumann A., Scolobig A., Seibert J., Servat E., Shafiei M., Sharma A., Sidibe M., Sidle R.C., Skaugen T., Smith H., Spiessl S.M., Stein L., Steinsland I., Strasser U., Su B., Szolgay J., Tarboton D., Tauro F., Thirel G., Tian F., Tong R., Tussupova K., Tyralis H., Uijlenhoet R., van Beek R., van der Ent R.J., van der Ploeg M., Van Loon A.F., van Meerveld I., van Nooijen R., van Oel P.R., Vidal J.-P., von Freyberg J., Vorogushyn S., Wachniew P., Wade A.J., Ward P., Westerberg I.K., White C., Wood E.F., Woods R., Xu Z., Yilmaz K.K., Zhang Y., Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Department of Earth Sciences [Uppsala], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southern University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTech), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Austrian Science Fund (FWF) : DK W1219-N28, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), University of Pennsylvania, Météo-France, Castellarin, A, Tækni- og verkfræðideild (HR), School of Science and Engineering (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, Department of Water Resources, UT-I-ITC-WCC, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Bloschl, G., Bierkens, M. F. P., Chambel, A., Cudennec, C., Destouni, G., Fiori, A., Kirchner, J. W., Mcdonnell, J. J., Savenije, H. H. G., Sivapalan, M., Stumpp, C., Toth, E., Volpi, E., Carr, G., Lupton, C., Salinas, J., Szeles, B., Viglione, A., Aksoy, H., Allen, S. T., Amin, A., Andreassian, V., Arheimer, B., Aryal, S. K., Baker, V., Bardsley, E., Barendrecht, M. H., Bartosova, A., Batelaan, O., Berghuijs, W. R., Beven, K., Blume, T., Bogaard, T., Borges de Amorim, P., Bottcher, M. E., Boulet, G., Breinl, K., Brilly, M., Brocca, L., Buytaert, W., Castellarin, A., Castelletti, A., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chifflard, P., Claps, P., Clark, M. P., Collins, A. L., Croke, B., Dathe, A., David, P. C., de Barros, F. P. J., de Rooij, G., Di Baldassarre, G., Driscoll, J. M., Duethmann, D., Dwivedi, R., Eris, E., Farmer, W. H., Feiccabrino, J., Ferguson, G., Ferrari, E., Ferraris, S., Fersch, B., Finger, D., Foglia, L., Fowler, K., Gartsman, B., Gascoin, S., Gaume, E., Gelfan, A., Geris, J., Gharari, S., Gleeson, T., Glendell, M., Gonzalez Bevacqua, A., Gonzalez-Dugo, M. P., Grimaldi, S., Gupta, A. B., Guse, B., Han, D., Hannah, D., Harpold, A., Haun, S., Heal, K., Helfricht, K., Herrnegger, M., Hipsey, M., Hlavacikova, H., Hohmann, C., Holko, L., Hopkinson, C., Hrachowitz, M., Illangasekare, T. H., Inam, A., Innocente, C., Istanbulluoglu, E., Jarihani, B., Kalantari, Z., Kalvans, A., Khanal, S., Khatami, S., Kiesel, J., Kirkby, M., Knoben, W., Kochanek, K., Kohnova, S., Kolechkina, A., Krause, S., Kreamer, D., Kreibich, H., Kunstmann, H., Lange, H., Liberato, M. L. R., Lindquist, E., Link, T., Liu, J., Loucks, D. P., Luce, C., Mahe, G., Makarieva, O., Malard, J., Mashtayeva, S., Maskey, S., Mas-Pla, J., Mavrova-Guirguinova, M., Mazzoleni, M., Mernild, S., Misstear, B. D., Montanari, A., Muller-Thomy, H., Nabizadeh, A., Nardi, F., Neale, C., Nesterova, N., Nurtaev, B., Odongo, V. O., Panda, S., Pande, S., Pang, Z., Papacharalampous, G., Perrin, C., Pfister, L., Pimentel, R., Polo, M. J., Post, D., Prieto Sierra, C., Ramos, M. -H., Renner, M., Reynolds, J. E., Ridolfi, E., Rigon, R., Riva, M., Robertson, D. E., Rosso, R., Roy, T., Sa, J. H. M., Salvadori, G., Sandells, M., Schaefli, B., Schumann, A., Scolobig, A., Seibert, J., Servat, E., Shafiei, M., Sharma, A., Sidibe, M., Sidle, R. C., Skaugen, T., Smith, H., Spiessl, S. M., Stein, L., Steinsland, I., Strasser, U., Su, B., Szolgay, J., Tarboton, D., Tauro, F., Thirel, G., Tian, F., Tong, R., Tussupova, K., Tyralis, H., Uijlenhoet, R., van Beek, R., van der Ent, R. J., van der Ploeg, M., Van Loon, A. F., van Meerveld, I., van Nooijen, R., van Oel, P. R., Vidal, J. -P., von Freyberg, J., Vorogushyn, S., Wachniew, P., Wade, A. J., Ward, P., Westerberg, I. K., White, C., Wood, E. F., Woods, R., Xu, Z., Yilmaz, K. K., Zhang, Y., Hydrologie, and Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology
Subjects: hydrology, science questions, research agenda, interdisciplinary, knowledge gaps, 0208 environmental biotechnology, UT-Hybrid-D, WASS, hydrology, 02 engineering and technology, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, QE, Þekking, 910 Geography & travel, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Hydrologi: 454, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Water Science and Technology, knowledge gap, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, Hydroglogy, 6. Clean water, Justice and Strong Institutions, TA, Spite, science questions, Discipline, Hydrologie en Kwantitatief Waterbeheer, research agenda, knowledge gaps, interdisciplinary, SDG 16 - Peace, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, Hidrologia, Vatnafræði, Context (language use), Digital media, ITC-HYBRID, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Hydrology, WIMEK, business.industry, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Public consultation, Rannsóknir, 500 Science, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Water Resources Management, 020801 environmental engineering, Soil Physics and Land Management, Socio-hydrology, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, Aðferðafræði, business, Diversity (politics)
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come., We would like to thank the members of the IAHS, EGU, AGU and IAH for supporting this initiative. The LinkedIn group and overall secretariat was hosted by the IAHS, the Splinter meeting by EGU and the Vienna Catchment Science Symposium by the Vienna Doctoral Programme on Water Resource Systems (DK W1219-N28) funded by the Austrian Science Funds (FWF)., "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2019

148. Towards Long Wavelength Absorbing Photodynamic Therapy Photosensitizers via the Extension of a [Ru(bipy) 3 ] 2+ Core

Author: Johannes Karges, Gilles Gasser, Hui Chao, Philippe Goldner, Olivier Blacque, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (iCLeHS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), ERC, European Project: 681679, H2020-EU.1.1. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC),681679,PhotoMedMet(2017), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Metals in medicine, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Light irradiation, chemistry.chemical_element, Photodynamic therapy, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Ruthenium, Inorganic Chemistry, HeLa, Long wavelength, Bipyridine, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, medicine, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Cytotoxicity
Abstract: International audience; Complementary to classical treatment methods used against cancer, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received increased attention over the last years. PDT relies on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation to trigger cell death. As the wavelength employed during such treatments directly influences the light penetration depth and therefore the possibility to treat deep seated tumours or large tumours, research efforts have been made towards the development of photosensitizers (PS) with an absorption in the phototherapeutic window (600-900 nm). To tackle this drawback, we report herein the preparation and characterisation of new Ru(II)-containing PDT PSs, that are based on a [Ru(bipy) 3 ] 2+ core (1; bipy: 2,2'-bipyridine) and that are extended with methyl groups (2) or vinyl dimethylamino groups (3). As anticipated with our design, we found a red-shift of 65 nm of the maximum absorption of complex 3 in comparison to complex 1. In addition, we report on the in-depth photophysical properties as well as (photo-)cytotoxicity against cervical cancerous HeLa cells of the investigated compounds.
Published: 2019

149. Amphioxus functional genomics and the origins of vertebrate gene regulation

Author: Patrick Wincker, Pierre Pontarotti, Elisa de la Calle-Mustienes, Zbynek Kozmik, Malcolm Perry, José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta, Cristian Cañestro, Stéphanie Bertrand, Yamile Marquez, Èlia Benito-Gutiérrez, Juan J. Tena, Hector Escriva, Alexandra Louis, Anthony Leon, Matthew T. Weirauch, Juan Ramón Martínez-Morales, Panos N. Firbas, Peter W. H. Holland, Iryna Kozmikova, Daniel Aldea, Sandra Jiménez-Gancedo, Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez, Jean-Marc Aury, Michael Schubert, Paul Edward Duckett, Beatriz Albuixech-Crespo, Simon J. van Heeringen, Boris Lenhard, Piero Carninci, Carlos Herrera-Úbeda, Olivier Mirabeau, Demian Burguera, Lorena Buono, Tokiharu Takahashi, Rafael D. Acemel, Silvia Naranjo, Ryan Lister, Sophie Mangenot, Lucie Subirana, Ksenia Skvortsova, Jr-Kai Yu, Hugues Roest Crollius, Ildiko M. L. Somorjai, Vincent Laudet, Piotr J. Balwierz, Gabriel A. B. Marais, Ignacio Maeso, Anlong Xu, Christopher D. R. Wyatt, Shengfeng Huang, Ozren Bogdanovic, David E. K. Ferrier, Ferdinand Marlétaz, Salvatore D'Aniello, Jon Permanyer, Filipe Castro, Manuel Irimia, Ricard Albalat, Yann Le Petillon, Ensieh Farahani, Hervé Seitz, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Imperial College London, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Biologie intégrative des organismes marins (BIOM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), Radboud University [Nijmegen], University of Barcelona, Garvan Institute of medical research, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IMG / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Genetics and IrBio, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche sur mer (LBDV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Manchester [Manchester], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Academia Sinica, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (RIKEN CLST), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), University of Cincinnati (UC), University of Bergen (UiB), ANR-16-CE12-0008,CHORELAND,Détermination de la conservation du landscape génomique de régulation au cours de l'embryogenèse des chordés(2016), European Project: 637591,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,NEURAL AS(2015), European Project: 658521,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2014,EVOREL(2016), European Project: 268513,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-AdG_20100317,GENEVA(2011), European Commission, The Leverhulme Trust, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of Oxford [Oxford], Radboud university [Nijmegen], Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidade do Porto, Commission of the European Communities, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Wellcome Trust, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Departament de Genetica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna [Vienna], DYnamique et Organisation des GENomes - Equipe de l'IBENS (DYOGEN), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle (UBIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Departament de Genètica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Texas A&M University [College Station], Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sexe et évolution, Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Analyse, Topologie, Probabilités (LATP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Medical Sciences / Beijing, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Ctr Life Sci Technol, Div Gen Technol, Tsurumi Ku, RIKEN, Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (ARC), Australian National University (ANU)-School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SARS International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, Modèles en biologie cellulaire et évolutive (MBCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Australian Research Council, Maeso, Ignacio [0000-0002-6440-8457], Tena, Juan J [0000-0001-8165-7984], Perry, Malcolm [0000-0001-5228-3434], Wyatt, Christopher DR [0000-0001-8033-2213], de la Calle-Mustienes, Elisa [0000-0002-8975-6503], Bertrand, Stephanie [0000-0002-0689-0126], Naranjo, Silvia [0000-0002-4529-3332], Jimenez-Gancedo, Sandra [0000-0002-2247-1319], Aldea, Daniel [0000-0001-5101-0194], Buono, Lorena [0000-0002-5457-4515], Louis, Alexandra [0000-0001-7032-5650], Balwierz, Piotr J [0000-0002-1548-4605], Aury, Jean-Marc [0000-0003-1718-3010], Albalat, Ricard [0000-0003-0282-9595], Benito-Gutiérrez, Èlia [0000-0003-2435-0948], Cañestro, Cristian [0000-0003-4623-8105], Castro, Filipe [0000-0001-7697-386X], Ferrier, David EK [0000-0003-3247-6233], Schubert, Michael [0000-0002-2341-712X], Seitz, Hervé [0000-0001-8172-5393], Somorjai, Ildiko [0000-0001-5243-6664], Takahashi, Tokiharu [0000-0002-5785-8660], Yu, Jr-Kai [0000-0001-8591-0529], Carninci, Piero [0000-0001-7202-7243], Martinez-Morales, Juan Ramon [0000-0002-4650-4293], Garcia-Fernàndez, Jordi [0000-0001-5677-5970], Lister, Ryan [0000-0001-6637-7239], Escriva, Hector [0000-0001-7577-5028], Irimia, Manuel [0000-0002-2179-2567], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, COMBE, Isabelle, Détermination de la conservation du landscape génomique de régulation au cours de l'embryogenèse des chordés - - CHORELAND2016 - ANR-16-CE12-0008 - AAPG2016 - VALID, Functions and evolutionary impact of transcriptomic novelties in the vertebrate brain - NEURAL AS - - H20202015-04-01 - 2020-03-31 - 637591 - VALID, Evolution of Regulatory Landscapes in Chordates - EVOREL - - H20202016-01-01 - 2017-12-31 - 658521 - VALID, Genome Evolution in the Animal Kingdom - GENEVA - - EC:FP7:ERC2011-06-01 - 2016-05-31 - 268513 - VALID, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA) - Grenoble, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule (LBMC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Riken Omics Science Center, Riken Yokohama Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Computational Regulatory Genomics
Subjects: Epigenomics, Branchiostoma, genetic analysis, animal cell, transcriptomics, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, vertebrate, zebra fish, histone modification, Branchiostoma lanceolatum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, comparative study, Lancelets, Regulation of gene expression, DDC model, DNA methylation, adult, Vertebrate, Genomics, priority journal, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Molecular Developmental Biology, LANDSCAPES, whole genome duplication, Functional genomics, chordate evolution, CONSERVATION, embryo, gene sequence, PLURIPOTENCY, Article, animal tissue, 03 medical and health sciences, regulatory genomics, biology.animal, genomics, Humans, genome, mouse, Science & Technology, Molecular Sequence Annotation, TRANSGENESIS, DNA Methylation, Ancestral expression, developmental stage, 030104 developmental biology, hourglass model, Amfiox, Evolutionary biology, molecular genetics, chromatin, Subfunctionalization, transcriptome, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, CHROMATIN, 0301 basic medicine, Branchiostoma Lanceolatum, Genome, specialization, Gene duplication, Vertebrats, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Whole-genome Duplication (WGD), Multidisciplinary, gene control, BRANCHIOSTOMA-LANCEOLATUM, innovation, Multidisciplinary Sciences, female, SEQ, Vertebrates, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Phylotypic Period, General Science & Technology, invertebrate, QH426 Genetics, Biology, DNA DEMETHYLATION, male, evolution, Animals, controlled study, gene, QH426, multigene family, Body Patterning, Vertebrata, nonhuman, Amphioxus, ZEBRAFISH, gene duplication, embryo development, DAS, biology.organism_classification, EVOLUTION, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, Gene Expression Regulation, gene expression, Molecular evolution, Transcriptome
Abstract: Vertebrates have greatly elaborated the basic chordate body plan and evolved highly distinctive genomes that have been sculpted by two whole-genome duplications. Here we sequence the genome of the Mediterranean amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) and characterize DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications and transcriptomes across multiple developmental stages and adult tissues to investigate the evolution of the regulation of the chordate genome. Comparisons with vertebrates identify an intermediate stage in the evolution of differentially methylated enhancers, and a high conservation of gene expression and its cis-regulatory logic between amphioxus and vertebrates that occurs maximally at an earlier mid-embryonic phylotypic period. We analyse regulatory evolution after whole-genome duplications, and find that—in vertebrates—over 80% of broadly expressed gene families with multiple paralogues derived from whole-genome duplications have members that restricted their ancestral expression, and underwent specialization rather than subfunctionalization. Counter-intuitively, paralogues that restricted their expression increased the complexity of their regulatory landscapes. These data pave the way for a better understanding of the regulatory principles that underlie key vertebrate innovations., This research was funded primarily by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 and Seventh Framework Program FP7 research and innovation programs (ERC-AdG-LS8-740041 to J.L.G.-S., ERC-StG-LS2-637591 to M.I., a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant (658521) to I.M. and a FP7/2007-2013-ERC-268513 to P.W.H.H.), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BFU2016-74961-P to J.L.G.-S., RYC-2016-20089 to I.M., BFU2014-55076-P and BFU2017-89201-P to M.I. and BFU2014-55738-REDT to J.L.G.-S, M.I. and J.R.M.-M), the ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017’(SEV-2012-0208), the ‘Unidad de Excelencia María de Maetzu 2017-2021’(MDM-2016-0687), the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program FP7 under REA grant agreement number 607142 (DevCom) to J.L.G.-S., and the CNRS and the ANR (ANR16-CE12-0008-01) to H.E. O.B. was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA; DE140101962).
Published: 2018

150. Mutation profile of glaucoma candidate genes in Mauritanian families with primary congenital glaucoma

Author: Hadrami, Mouna, Bonnet, Crystel, Zeitz, Christina, Veten, Fatimetou, Biya, Med, Hamed, Cheikh T., Condroyer, Christel, Wang, Panfeng, Sidi, Med Mahmoud, Cheikh, Sidi, Qingjiong Zhang, Audo, Isabelle, Petit, Christine, Houmeida, Ahmed, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques [Nouakchott, Mauritania], Institut de la Vision, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ED 515 - Complexité du vivant, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Centre Hospitalier National, B.P. 4160, Nouakchott, Mauritania, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), University College of London [London] (UCL), Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Mouna Hadrami has received a fellowship of 12 months from the SCAC/FRANCE., Mouna Hadrami has received a fellowship of 12 months from the SCAC/FRANCE. We wish to thank Mr. Mohamed Salem BOUH, the director of Blind’s National Association and all the family members for their cooperation and support. - In memory of John A. Trinick., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Mutation, genetic structures, MESH: Pedigree, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DNA Mutational Analysis, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, MESH: Base Sequence, MESH: Child, Humans, Family, Amino Acid Sequence, Genetic Testing, MESH: DNA Mutational Analysis, Child, MESH: Family, Genetic Association Studies, MESH: Genetic Association Studies, MESH: Humans, MESH: Mauritius, MESH: Genetic Testing, Base Sequence, MESH: Peptides, Glaucoma, MESH: Male, Pedigree, Mutation, Mauritius, Female, MESH: Glaucoma, Peptides, MESH: Female, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: Intraocular pressure leading to glaucoma is a major cause of childhood blindness in developing countries. In this study, we sought to identify gene variants potentially associated with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in the Mauritanian population.Methods: Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), a panel of PCG candidate genes was screened in a search for DNA mutations in four families with multiple occurrences of PCG.Results: Targeted exome sequencing analysis revealed predicted pathogenic mutations in four genes: CYP1B1 (c.217_218delTC, p.Ser73Valfs*150), MYOC (878C>A, p.T293K), NTF4 (c.601T>G, p.Cys201Gly), and WDR36 (c.2078A>G, p.Asn693Ser), each carried by a different family.Conclusions: Genetic variation associated with PCG in this study reflects the ethnic heterogeneity of the Mauritanian population. However, a larger cohort is needed to identify additional families carrying these mutations and confirm their biologic role.
Published: 2018

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