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SAR86 is an abundant and ubiquitous heterotroph in the surface ocean that plays a central role in the function of marine ecosystems. We hypothesized that despite its ubiquity, different SAR86 subgroups may be endemic to specific ocean regions and functionally specialized for unique marine environments. However, the global biogeographical distributions of SAR86 genes, and the manner in which these distributions correlate with marine environments, have not been investigated. We quantified SAR86 gene content across globally distributed metagenomic samples and modeled these gene distributions as a function of 51 environmental variables. We identified five distinct clusters of genes within the SAR86 pangenome, each with a unique geographic distribution associated with specific environmental characteristics. Gene clusters are characterized by the strong taxonomic enrichment of distinct SAR86 genomes and partial assemblies, as well as differential enrichment of certain functional groups, suggesting differing functional and ecological roles of SAR86 ecotypes. We then leveraged our models and high-resolution, remote sensing-derived environmental data to predict the distributions of SAR86 gene clusters across the world's oceans, creating global maps of SAR86 ecotype distributions. Our results reveal that SAR86 exhibits previously unknown, complex biogeography, and provide a framework for exploring geographic distributions of genetic diversity from other microbial clades.

Background: Fracture of the proximal humerus is the commonest fracture affecting the shoulder girdle in adults. Neer's 2, 3, and 4 part fractures are managed by operative fixation. Proximal humeral internal locking osteosynthesis (PHILOS) plate fixation is the treatment nowadays. However, accurate reduction of greater and lesser tuberosities may not be possible with a plate alone, which may lead to avascular necrosis of the humeral head. Transosseous suture fixation can accurately reduce the greater and lesser tuberosity fragments to shaft and head, but cannot maintain the reduction. A combination of transosseous suture fixation with PHILOS plate may be a viable option. Objective of Study: Our study was to evaluate functional outcome of transosseous sutures along with PHILOS plating for patients with proximal humerus fractures. Materials and Methods: The study was done as a prospective observational study of 40 consecutive patients with proximal humerus fractures, managed with transosseous suturing aided PHILOS plating. They were followed up for 6 months and evaluated using Constant Murley Scoring system. Results: The mean age of our patients was 52.86 years. The mechanism of injury was due to road traffic accident in 42.5% (17) and domestic falls in 57.5% (23). There were 20% two-part, 52.5% three-part, and 27.5% four-part fractures. Overall functional outcome was found to be good to excellent in 77.5% of our patients. The mean Constant Murley score achieved was 80.35. We found that patients with Neer's two-part and three-part fractures had the highest Constant scores (88.1 and 79.7. respectively) while patients with four-part had the lowest Constant scores (76). Patients

Accurately clustering large, high dimensional datasets is a challenging problem in unsupervised learning. K-means is considered to be a fast, widely used and accurate centroid based data partitioning algorithm for spherical datasets. However, its non-determinism and heavy dependence on the selection of initial cluster centers along with vulnerability to noise make it a poor candidate for clustering large datasets with high dimensionality. To overcome these, we develop a novel, nature inspired, centroid based clustering algorithm, inspired from the principles of particle physics. Our method ensures that the convergence to local optima and non-deterministic outputs are avoided. We experiment the method on large datasets of human face images. Besides, our method addresses the problem of outliers and presence of not well-separated data in these datasets. We use a deep learning model for extracting facial features into a vector of 128 dimensions. We validate the quality and accuracy of our methods using different statistical parameters like f-measure, accuracy, error rate, average in group proportion and normalized cluster size rand index. These evaluations show that our method exhibits better accuracy and quality in clustering large face image datasets, in comparison with other existing mechanisms. The strength of our algorithms is more visible as the size of the dataset grows.

Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures are often complex fractures that are difficult to stabilize. Subchondral raft technique is used to prevent depression and reduction loss using Kirschner wires, lag screws or locking screws with or without plates. The study aimed to assess the functional outcome of lateral tibial plateau fractures fixed with raft plate and the associated complications. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study of 45 consecutive patients with depressed lateral tibial plateau fractures treated with raft plate were studied at a tertiary care centre for a period of one year. Patients were followed up for a minimum period of 6 months. The Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (LKSS) was used to assess the functional outcomes. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.8 ± 10.54 years (range 18-60 years). Male- Female ratio was 2.75:1 (M=33, F=12). Proportion of type II Schatzker fractures was 44.4%. 35 patients (77.8%) sustained injury due to road traffic accident and the rest due to fall. Bone grafting was done in 18 patients (40%). Knee stiffness and flexion less than 95⁰ were noted in 5 patients (11.1%). Superficial wound infection was noted in 2 patients (4.4%). Knee pain was observed in 7 patients (15.6%). Conclusion: Laterally placed raft plate with periarticular locking screws through it offers an excellent method of fixation of tibial plateau fractures, which preserves the anatomical joint line and the normal mechanical axis with minimal complications. Raft plating may obviate the need for dual plating in most of the tibial plateau fractures.

The zero-truncated Poisson distribution (ZTPD) generates a statistical model that could be appropriate when observations begin once at least one event occurs. The intervened Poisson distribution (IPD) is a substitute for the ZTPD, in which some intervention processes may change the mean of the rare events. These two zero-truncated distributions exhibit underdispersion (i.e., their variance is less than their mean). In this research, we offer an alternative solution for dealing with intervention problems by proposing a generalization of the IPD by a Lagrangian approach called the Lagrangian intervened Poisson distribution (LIPD), which in fact generalizes both the ZTPD and the IPD. As a notable feature, it has the ability to analyze both overdispersed and underdispersed datasets. In addition, the LIPD has a closed-form expression of all of its statistical characteristics, as well as an increasing, decreasing, bathtub-shaped, and upside-down bathtub-shaped hazard rate function. A consequent part is devoted to its statistical application. The maximum likelihood estimation method is considered, and the effectiveness of the estimates is demonstrated through a simulated study. To evaluate the significance of the new parameter in the LIPD, a generalized likelihood ratio test is performed. Subsequently, we present a new count regression model that is suitable for both overdispersed and underdispersed datasets using the mean-parametrized form of the LIPD. Additionally, the LIPD’s relevance and application are shown using real-world datasets.

View on Scopus Insect caste development and their morphological divergence are not yet studied well, especially in ants. However, the role of developmental and genetic integration in evolution is contentious. In our study, we tried to reveal the quantitative genetics selection responses, phylogenetic signal, and evolutionary origin of weaver ant female castes (queen, major and minor). The widening and lengthening of the head region, as well as the well-developed mandibular process, are the major heritable characteristics found in the major worker ants. We hypothesized that these conserved and heritable characteristics may help the major worker ants for defense, foraging purposes and other nest-building function aspects. However, in the case of minor worker, small heads and the reduced mandibular process are the more heritable characteristics. Compared to worker ants, in queen, the highly heritable and conserved morphological character is well-developed thoracic regions and large-sized abdomen. It is interesting to note that there is no detectable phylogenetic signal across the female cast of the Asian weaver ants, which suggests that the caste development and morphological divergence are environmentally modulated not evolutionary conserved. From this study, we concluded that caste-specific morphological shape and size are highly conserved traits and these traits are modulated by their niche preferences.

Postpartum diseases of uterus represent a foremost predicament in cattle farms affecting reproductive efficiency. Postpartum (PP) uterine diseases include metritis, endometritis and subclinical endometritis (SCE). Barring SCE, all other diseases project the clinical signs. Diagnosis of SCE at the early stage of PP has been a challenging task for many veterinarians. The present study aimed to validate and correlate the proficiency of transitional changes in uterus and cervix assessed by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and endometrial cytology (EC) in the diagnosis of SCE in PP cattle. The research was carried out in two phases i.e, 30th day postpartum (DPP) (n=74) and first exhibited oestrus after 45th DPP (n=24) (54.63 ± 1.13 d) to emphasise the proficiency of both the diagnostic modalities. Endometrial cytology could discriminate between cows positive and negative for SCE significantly at 30th DPP (20.54 ± 0.48 vs 5.55 ± 0.41). It was potent in diagnosing SCE after 45th DPP also, as a significant reduction in the per cent of PMN cells (20.54 ± 0.48 to 7.56 ± 0.32) was noticed. Uterine parameters assessed by TRUS like cervical and uterine diameter and endometrial thickness in both the phases of assessment did not correlate to the EC changes and also could not discriminate between SCE positive and negative animals. The results of the study signify that EC is efficacious in the diagnosis of SCE in cows, while TRUS is impractical as a sole diagnostic modality for SCE.

The study was conducted to assess the effect of supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaves on reproductive performance in Malabari doelings. Apparently healthy Malabari kids (n= 32) of age three months were selected and randomly allocated to two different treatment groups. Control group (T1, n= 16) was fed with complete feed as pellets and experimental group (T2, n=16) was given complete feed pellets in which 50 per cent of concentrate was replaced with M. oleifera leaves on dry matter (DM) basis. The mean initial and final body weight and dry matter intake did not differ significantly but showed a linear increase in both the groups. Haematological parameters (Hb, Haematocrit, TEC, TLC) did not vary significantly between groups, however, mean total protein was significantly higher (p< 0.05) and mean ALT was significantly lower in T2. Post weaning mean progesterone profile remained less than 1ng/mL until fifth month of age, showed significant increase during sixth month (T1- 0.24 ng/mL, T2- 0.44ng/mL; p< 0.5) and was elevated more than 1ng/mL during seventh month in T2 (T1- 0.72 ± 0.22 ng/mL, T2- 1.14 ± 0.29 ng/mL). First behavioural oestrus was observed during sixth month age without any significant variation. The present study revealed safe and effective means of replacing 50 per cent concentrate feed with in M. oleifera leaves in Malabari doelings in advancing puberty without affecting the growth performance.

The aim of this study was to characterise the follicular dynamics in first two oestrous cycles of peripubertal Malabari goats. Transrectal ultrasonography was carried out on alternate days of oestrous cycles after first observed oestrus. Follicular studies revealed presence of two to five wave cycles with predominant three and four wave patterns. The interwave interval for ovulatory wave was longer than preceding waves in three and five wave cycles. The diameter of largest follicles in wave 1 was larger than follicles of subsequent waves of three, four and five wave cycles. The largest follicles in each wave could be observed from day 3 to day 13 of oestrous cycle. Majority of ovulations occurred on day 20 of oestrous cycles and short cycles were more in first oestrous cycle. The overall mean per cent of single and double ovulations were 56.3 and 43.8 and mean ovulatory follicle size was 6.59 ± 0.11 mm in peripubertal goats. The mean length of first and second oestrous cycle was observed as 17.72± 0.79 and 20.19± 0.43 days, respectively and mean duration of first and second oestrus was 36.88 ± 2.44 and 40.13 ± 1.84 h, respectively. The study revealed that predominant wave pattern was three and four waves in peripubertal Malabari breeds. The first oestrous cycle length was shorter and characterised by higher percentage of single ovulations with smaller periovulatory follicle size. Larger ovulatory follicles and double ovulations were observed in second oestrous cycle.

The objective of the current study involved assessment of correlation between the expression of oestrogen receptor (ERα) and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry, in the genital borne neoplasms in 12 postpubertal bitches between 2 to 12 years of age, presented at University Veterinary Hospitals, Kokkalai and Mannuthy. The age group of 5-8 years had the highest incidence of neoplasia (50.00 %) in comparison with other groups. Episiotomy was performed for extraluminal tumours while local excision performed in all intraluminal tumours except canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT). A chemotherapeutic regimen involving intravenous infusion of vincristine sulphate at 0.025 mg/kg was administered to bitches with CTVT and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) until complete remission of the neoplasm. The tumours were histopathologically confirmed as myofibroma (n=6), CTVT (n= 3), leiomyoma (n = 1), SCC (n = 1) and fibroma (n = 1). Immunohistochemical staining of the neoplastic tissues was performed to evaluate ERα and Ki-67 expression status which could aid in estimating the malignancy potential and influence of ERα on the same. Spearman’s rank correlation between the immunohistochemical scores for the expression of ERα and Ki-67 in these tumours was highly significant (p

Abstract Background Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a severe complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation resulting in narrowing of affected pulmonary veins (PVs). Interventional treatment consists of angioplasty with or without PV stenting. The optimal postprocedural antithrombotic therapy is not known. Study aims To investigate the impact of antithrombotic medical therapy on recurrence of PVS after PV angioplasty. Methods A retrospective study of patients undergoing PV angioplasty with or without stent implantation in two German centers was performed. Postinterventional antithrombotic therapy consisted of either dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) or a combination of oral anticoagulation with single or dual antiplatelet therapy for 3–12 months after intervention. Angiographic follow‐up was recommended 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention and in case of symptom recurrence. Results Thirty patients underwent treatment of 42 PVS. After intervention, twenty‐eight patients received triple therapy and 14 patients received dual therapy/DAPT; restenosis occurred in 5/22 (22.7%) patients with triple therapy and 8/14 (57.1%) patients with dual therapy/DAPT PV (p = .001). Estimated freedom from PV restenosis after 500 days was 18.8 ± 15.8% (dual therapy/DAPT) and 76.2 ± 10.5% (triple therapy) (p = .003). Univariate regression analysis revealed postprocedural medication as a significant risk factor for restenosis (p = .019). No bleeding events occurred regardless of applied antithrombotic therapy. Conclusion Triple antithrombotic therapy after PV angioplasty is associated with less frequent restenosis as compared to dual antiplatelet therapy or a combination of anticoagulation and single antiplatelet therapy. No severe bleeding events occurred in patients on triple therapy. These findings need to be confirmed in larger patient cohorts.

The importance of Lagrangian distributions and their applicability in real-world events have been highlighted in several studies. In light of this, we create a new zero-truncated Lagrangian distribution. It is presented as a generalization of the zero-truncated binomial distribution (ZTBD) and hence named the Lagrangian zero-truncated binomial distribution (LZTBD). The moments, probability generating function, factorial moments, as well as skewness and kurtosis measures of the LZTBD are discussed. We also show that the new model’s finite mixture is identifiable. The unknown parameters of the LZTBD are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. A broad simulation study is executed as an evaluation of the well-established performance of the maximum likelihood estimates. The likelihood ratio test is used to assess the effectiveness of the third parameter in the new model. Six COVID-19 datasets are used to demonstrate the LZTBD’s applicability, and we conclude that the LZTBD is very competitive on the fitting objective.

Abstract The cotton rat (Sigmodon) is the gold standard pre-clinical small animal model for respiratory viral pathogens, especially for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). However, without a reference genome or a published transcriptome, studies requiring gene expression analysis in cotton rats are severely limited. The aims of this study were to generate a comprehensive transcriptome from multiple tissues of two species of cotton rats that are commonly used as animal models (Sigmodon fulviventer and Sigmodon hispidus), and to compare and contrast gene expression changes and immune responses to RSV infection between the two species. Transcriptomes were assembled from lung, spleen, kidney, heart, and intestines for each species with a contig N50 > 1600. Annotation of contigs generated nearly 120,000 gene annotations for each species. The transcriptomes of S. fulviventer and S. hispidus were then used to assess immune response to RSV infection. We identified 238 unique genes that are significantly differentially expressed, including several genes implicated in RSV infection (e.g., Mx2, I27L2, LY6E, Viperin, Keratin 6A, ISG15, CXCL10, CXCL11, IRF9) as well as novel genes that have not previously described in RSV research (LG3BP, SYWC, ABEC1, IIGP1, CREB1). This study presents two comprehensive transcriptome references as resources for future gene expression analysis studies in the cotton rat model, as well as provides gene sequences for mechanistic characterization of molecular pathways. Overall, our results provide generalizable insights into the effect of host genetics on host-virus interactions, as well as identify new host therapeutic targets for RSV treatment and prevention.

Background: Older adults with serious mental illness (OASMI) have to manage the twin challenges of old age and mental illness. Understanding their characteristics will help policymakers and researchers plan tailored interventions. The profile of OASMI is not described in any publication from India, and this paper addresses that gap. The information from this study will serve as a baseline for the planned periodic follow-up of the study participants. Methods: This study employed a cross- sectional design among a sample of OASMI identified through multistage cluster sampling from three districts in Kerala. We interviewed them in their households and collected sociodemographic data using a pretested tool. Results: Among the 917 OASMI participants, 66% were females, 18% were the ‘oldest-old’ (≥80 years), 94.1% were unemployed, 51.7% were socially backward, 68.5% were financially weak, 10.1% were living alone, 59.4% were living without partners, and 63.7% had caregivers. Conclusion: Compared to the general population of older adults in Kerala, the OASMI have poorer socioeconomic status and higher rates of social isolation, and males are dying earlier. The profile of the OASMI depicts their multiple vulnerabilities and the need to address those.

We report and discuss the phase shift and phase travel time of low-frequency ( ν < 5.0 mHz) acoustic waves estimated within the photosphere and photosphere–chromosphere interface regions, utilizing multiheight velocities in the quiet Sun. The bisector method has been employed to estimate seven height velocities in the photosphere within the Fe i 6173 Å line scan, while nine height velocities are estimated from the chromospheric Ca ii 8542 Å line scan observations obtained from the narrowband imager instrument installed on the Multi-Application Solar Telescope operational at the Udaipur Solar Observatory, India. Utilizing a fast Fourier transform at each pixel over the full field of view, phase shift and coherence have been estimated. The frequency and height-dependent phase shift integrated over the regions having an absolute line-of-sight magnetic field of less than 10 G indicates the nonevanescent nature of low-frequency acoustic waves within the photosphere and photosphere–chromosphere interface regions. Phase travel time estimated within the photosphere shows nonzero values, aligning with previous simulations and observations. Further, we report that the nonevanescent nature persists beyond the photosphere, encompassing the photospheric–chromospheric height range. We discuss possible factors contributing to the nonevanescent nature of low-frequency acoustic waves. Additionally, our observations reveal a downward propagation of high-frequency acoustic waves indicating refraction from higher layers in the solar atmosphere. This study contributes valuable insights into the understanding of the complex dynamics of acoustic waves within different lower solar atmospheric layers, shedding light on the nonevanescent nature and downward propagation of the acoustic waves.

The cornerstone of combating indoor air pollution sustainably lies in integrating solar electricity into air purification systems. This not only addresses airborne pollutants but also reduces reliance on traditional power sources, promoting environmental preservation and cost savings. The system's effectiveness hinges on real-time AQM and advanced filtering techniques, powered by solar energy. By leveraging solar power, it operates ecoconsciously while maximizing indoor air quality impact. Its design emphasizes energy efficiency without compromising purification efficacy, effectively eliminating allergens, pollutants, and Real-time monitoring empowers users to make informed environmental adjustments by tracking various metrics simultaneously. This comprehensive approach fosters sustainability, efficiency, and real-time control, crucial for enhancing indoor air quality. Additionally, its reliance on solar energy aligns with global efforts towards renewable energy adoption, reducing its ecological footprint. In summary, this solar-powered air filtration system signifies a paradigm shift in combating indoor air pollution, embodying the fusion of sustainability, innovation, and health-conscious design for a healthier indoor environment.

Abstract Background More than half of the TB patients in India seek care from the private sector. Two decades of attempts by the National TB Program to improve collaboration between the public and private sectors have not worked except in a few innovative pilots. The System for TB Elimination in Private Sector (STEPS) evolved in 2019 as a solution to ensure standards of TB care to every patient reaching the private sector. We formally evaluated the STEPS to judge the success of the model in achieving its outcomes and to inform decisions about scaling up of the model to other parts of the country. Methods An evaluation team was constituted involving all relevant stakeholders. A logic framework for the STEPS model was developed. The evaluation focused on (i) processes - whether the activities are taking place as intended and (ii) proximal outcomes - improvements in quality of care and strengthening of TB surveillance system. We (i) visited 30 randomly selected STEPS centres for assessing infrastructure and process using a checklist, (ii) validated the patient data with management information system of National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) by telephonic interview of 57 TB patients (iii) analysed the quality of patient care indicators over 3 years from the management information system (iv) conducted in-depth interviews (IDI) with 33 beneficiaries and stakeholders to understand their satisfaction and perceived benefits of STEPS and (v) performed cost analysis for the intervention from the perspective of NTEP, private hospital and patients. Results Evaluation revealed that STEPS is an acceptable model to all stakeholders. IDIs revealed that all patients were satisfied about the services received. Data in management information system of NTEP were consistent with the hospital records and with the information provided by the patient. Quality of TB care indicators for patients diagnosed in private hospitals showed improvements over years as proportion of TB patients notified from private sector with a microbiological confirmation of diagnosis improved from 25% in 2018 to 38% in 2020 and the documented treatment success rate increased from 33% (2018 cohort) to 88% (2019 cohort). Total additional programmatic cost (deducting cost for patient entitlements) per additional patient with successful treatment outcome was estimated to be 67 USD. Total additional expense/business loss for implementing STEPS for the hospital diagnosing 100 TB patients in a year was estimated to be 573 USD while additional minimum returns for the hospital was estimated to be 1145 USD. Conclusion Evaluation confirmed that STEPS is a low cost and patient-centric strategy. STEPS successfully addressed the gaps in the quality of care for patients seeking care in the private sector and ensured that services are aligned with the standards of TB care. STEPS could be scaled up to similar settings.

Accumulating evidence points to an important role for the gut microbiome in anti-tumor immunity. Here, we show that altered intestinal microbiota contributes to anti-tumor immunity, limiting tumor expansion. Mice lacking the ubiquitin ligase RNF5 exhibit attenuated activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) components, which coincides with increased expression of inflammasome components, recruitment and activation of dendritic cells and reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides in intestinal epithelial cells. Reduced UPR expression is also seen in murine and human melanoma tumor specimens that responded to immune checkpoint therapy. Co-housing of Rnf5-/- and WT mice abolishes the anti-tumor immunity and tumor inhibition phenotype, whereas transfer of 11 bacterial strains, including B. rodentium, enriched in Rnf5-/- mice, establishes anti-tumor immunity and restricts melanoma growth in germ-free WT mice. Altered UPR signaling, exemplified in Rnf5-/- mice, coincides with altered gut microbiota composition and anti-tumor immunity to control melanoma growth.

This study was conducted among 18 lactating crossbred cows that had clinical lameness associated with painful sole lesions. Claw dimensions were recorded using standard techniques from affected claws in selected animals before functional hoof trimming and compared with standard values. A significant (p < 0.01) increase in the toe height and claw diagonal of the affected claws of selected animals was observed when compared to the standard values. Toe angle and heel height were significantly (p < 0.01) lower when compared to the standard values. No significant changes could be recognised in the toe length of the affected claws. Functional hoof trimming revealed laminitis related sole lesions like sole ulcers and white line which caused lameness in selected animals.

A study was conducted among 18 lame cows from a herd of 114 cows in early lactation. Whole blood was collected from the lame cows on the first day of treatment and 20 days after therapeutic hoof trimming for analysis of haematological parameters. The number of red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration, platelet and volume of packed red cells increased(p> 0.05) on post trimming evaluation. The number of neutrophils and the percentage of neutrophils decreased with a concurrent increase in lymphocytes and monocytes which was not significant (p>0.05) in lame cows post trimming. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio decreased in the affected animals in the post trimming period. Therapeutic hoof trimming and treatment improved the healing of painful sole lesions and reduction in pain sensitivity was also observed in all the affected animals.

Abstract Solvatofluorochromic molecules provide strikingly high fluorescent outputs to monitor a wide range of biological, environmental, or materials‐related sensing processes. Here, thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole (TTz) fluorophores equipped with simple alkylamino and nitrophenyl substituents for solid‐state, high‐performance chemo‐responsive sensing applications are reported. Nitroaromatic substituents are known to strongly quench dye fluorescence, however, the TTz core subtly modulates intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) enabling strong, locally excited‐state fluorescence in non‐polar conditions. In polar media, a planar ICT excited‐state shows near complete quenching, enabling a twisted excited‐state emission to be observed. These unique fluorescent properties (spectral shifts of 0.13 – 0.87 eV and large transition dipole moments Δµ = 20.4 – 21.3 D) are leveraged to develop highly sought‐after chemo‐responsive, organic vapor optical sensors. The sensors are developed by embedding the TTz fluorophores within a poly(styrene‐isoprene‐styrene) block copolymer to form fluorescent dye/polymer composites (ΦF = 70 – 97%). The composites respond reversibly to a comprehensive list of organic solvents and show low vapor concentration sensing (e.g., 0.04% solvent saturation vapor pressure of THF – 66 ppm). The composite films can distinguish between solvent vapors with near complete fluorescent quenching observed when exposed to their saturated solvent vapor pressures, making this an extremely promising material for optical chemo‐responsive sensing.

Climatic changes, sudden or gradual, influence the structural health of buildings and bridges due to variations in temperature and humidity. Risk and disaster management plays a vital role in the decision-making process for safeguarding structures. Data analytics from sensors systems in smart structures aid in taking appropriate action in securing buildings during natural calamities. The correlation between climate and structural measuring responses can be further improved using artificial intelligence (AI)- machine learning (ML) algorithms to monitor and predict structural health and take any precautionary steps before the event of a casualty. Linear regression is an efficient tool for analyzing structural health. The proposed work's objective is to monitor and predict the structural health and inform the concerned authorities in the event of a failure in advance, using AI-ML approaches. We have analyzed various sensor data sets to predict the health of a structure based on the crack developed. From the data obtained for experimentation, mean width of the crack is observed as 2.38 cm and mean length of the crack is 63.36 cm.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients may benefit from chemotherapy, but drug resistance is an important obstacle to favorable prognoses. Overcoming drug resistance is an urgent problem to be solved.Methods: Differential expression analysis was used to identify long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) that differed in chemotherapy-sensitive and chemotherapy-resistant patients. Machine learning algorithms including random forest (RF), lasso regression (LR), and support vector machines (SVMs) were used to identify important chemotherapy-related LncRNAs. A back propagation (BP) network was then used to validate the predictive capacity of important LncRNAs. The molecular functions of hub LncRNAs were investigated via qRT-PCR and cell proliferation assay. Molecular-docking technique was used to explore candidate drug of targets of hub LncRNA in the model.Results: A total of 125 differentially expressed LncRNAs between sensitive and resistant patients. Seventeen important LncRNAs were identified via RF, and seven factors were identified via LR. With respect to SVM, the top 15 LncRNAs of AvgRank were selected. Five merge chemotherapy-related LncRNAs were used to predict chemotherapy resistance with high accuracy. CAHM was a hub LncRNA of model and expression high in sorafenib resistance cell lines. In addition, the results of CCK8 showed that the sensitivity of HepG2-sorafenib cells to sorafenib was significantly lower than that of HepG2; and the sensitivity of HepG2-sorafenib cells transfected with sh-CAHM was significantly higher than that of Sorafenib. In the non-transfection group, the results of clone formation experiments showed that the number of clones formed by HepG2-sorafenib cells treated with sorafenib was significantly more than that of HepG2; after HepG2-sorafenib cells were transfected with sh-CAHM, the number of clones formed by Sorafenib treatment was significantly higher than that of HepG2 cells. The number was significantly less than that of HepG2-s + sh-NC group. Molecular Docking results indicate that Moschus was candidate drug for target protein of CAHM.Conclusion: Five chemotherapy-related LncRNAs could predict drug resistance in HCC with high accuracy, and the hub LncRNA CAHM has potential as a new biomarker for HCC chemotherapy resistance.

Twenty dogs presented for breeding soundness evaluation were selected for the present study. Based on previous six month breeding history and semen quality, these animals were grouped retrospectively into fertile (n=6) and subfertile (n=14) groups. Three semen collections were made from each of these dogs, two weeks apart. Semen evaluation parameters like volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, viability, morphologically normal sperms, total sperm output and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in the sperm-rich fraction were compared between the two groups. The mean values for progressive motility, sperm concentration, total sperm output and viability were 84.17 ± 1.54 per cent, 418.33 ± 36.64 million/mL, 645.11±98.43 million and 84.92 ± 1.56 per cent, respectively, in the fertile group, while the values for these parameters were 45.71 ± 3.47 per cent, 112.07 ± 24.36 million/mL, 190.24±32.45 million and 49.54 ± 2.35 per cent, respectively in the subfertile group. The values were significantly higher in fertile group when compared to subfertile group. The mean ALP (IU/L) was recorded as 168121.67 ± 22443.25 and 49605.86 ± 12669.68 IU/L, respectively in fertile and subfertile dogs. On statistical analysis, a highly significant difference (p˂0.01) was noticed between the groups. Though the concentration of ALP was more than 40,000 IU/L (below which is the proposed cut off value for incomplete ejaculation) in all the dogs under the present study, it was significantly higher in fertile dogs, suggesting a possible relation to fertility.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have gained recognition for their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, the sheer number of parameters and the computational demands pose challenges, particularly on edge devices with limited processing power. In response to these challenges, this paper presents a novel approach aimed at enhancing the efficiency of deep learning models. Our method introduces the concept of accuracy and efficiency coefficients, offering a fine-grained control mechanism to balance the trade-off between network accuracy and computational efficiency. At our core is the Rewarded Meta-Pruning algorithm, guiding neural network training to generate pruned model weight configurations. The selection of this pruned model is based on approximations of the final model’s parameters, and it is precisely controlled through a reward function. This reward function empowers us to tailor the optimization process, leading to more effective fine-tuning and improved model performance. Extensive experiments and evaluations underscore the superiority of our proposed method when compared to state-of-the-art techniques. We conducted rigorous pruning experiments on well-established architectures such as ResNet-50, MobileNetV1, and MobileNetV2. The results not only validate the efficacy of our approach but also highlight its potential to significantly advance the field of model compression and deployment on resource-constrained edge devices.