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People often seek out information as a means of coping with challenging situations. Attuning to negative information can be adaptive because it alerts people to the risks in their environment, thereby preparing them for similar threats in the future. But is this behaviour adaptive during a pandemic when bad news is ubiquitous? We examine the emotional consequences of exposure to brief snippets of COVID-related news via a Twitter feed (Study 1), or a YouTube reaction video (Study 2). Compared to a no-information exposure group, consumption of just 2–4 minutes of COVID-related news led to immediate and significant reductions in positive affect (Studies 1 and 2) and optimism (Study 2). Exposure to COVID-related kind acts did not have the same negative consequences, suggesting that not all social media exposure is detrimental for well-being. We discuss strategies to counteract the negative emotional consequences of exposure to negative news on social media.

Eye tracking tools are used in software engineering research to study various software development activities. However, a major limitation of these tools is their inability to track gaze data for activities that involve source code editing. We present a novel solution to support eye tracking experiments for tasks involving source code edits as an extension of the iTrace community infrastructure. We introduce the iTrace-Atom plugin and gazel -- a Python data processing pipeline that maps gaze information to changing source code elements and provides researchers with a way to query this dynamic data. iTrace-Atom is evaluated via a series of simulations and is over 99% accurate at high eye-tracking speeds of over 1,000Hz. iTrace and gazel completely revolutionize the way eye tracking studies are conducted in realistic settings with the presence of scrolling, context switching, and now editing. This opens the doors to support many day-to-day software engineering tasks such as bug fixing, adding new features, and refactoring., 4 pages, 2 figures

Given concerns about the persuasive power of video misinformation on social media for health topics, we test two techniques - exposure to a news literacy video and user corrections - to limit the effects on misperceptions. An online sample of American adults from August of 2019 was randomly assigned to view two simulated Facebook videos. The first video manipulated the presence of news literacy concepts. The second video either promoted sunscreen use or made inaccurate claims regarding its dangers; scrolling comments either debunked or did not address the sunscreen misinformation in the video. Our results demonstrate that video misinformation heightened beliefs in sunscreen myths and reduced acceptance of sunscreen facts and intentions to wear sunscreen compared to a promotional video. Real-time user corrections were partially successful in reducing the effects of the misinformation video on beliefs but not intentions. Additionally, exposure to a news literacy video did not inoculate people to the misinformation. We discuss the implications of these findings for best practices regarding correcting video misinformation on health topics.

The scrolling interaction is a pervasive human-computer interaction on smartphones, which can reflect intrinsic characteristics during dynamic browsings. Different from extrinsic statistical measures like frequency of visits and dwell time, intrinsic features underlying scrolling interactions reveal fine-grained implicit feedbacks about user interests. Toward this end, we explore user interest inference by extracting efficient browsing features from scrolling human-computer interactions on smartphones. In this paper, we first analyze browsing traces of 40 volunteers, and find two intrinsic browsing features underlying scrolling interactions, i.e., browsing velocity stability and browsing velocity sequence, which are tightly related to user interests. Inspired by the observation, we propose an Intelligent Interest Inference system, I3, which infers user interests through sensing scrolling interactions during browsings. Specifically, I3 first extracts the two intrinsic browsing features from users' scrolling interactions. Then, I3 applies a Naive Bayesian-based approach to construct an interest discriminator for coarse-grained user interest (i.e., like-preferred or dislike-preferred) inference. Furthermore, we develop a deep learning-based approach for I3 to train rating classifiers for fine-grained rating inference in like-preferred and dislike-preferred browsings respectively. Finally, I3 utilizes the interest discriminator and rating classifiers to infer exact user ratings about browsing contents on smartphones. Experimental results under browsing traces of 46 volunteers present that I3 achieves 92.4% overall accuracy in interest inference.

Social commerce is an extension of e‐commerce, in which social media is leveraged to promote user contributions. Our study asks how interruptions in relation to interface design influence two types of user contributions: creating shared content and appreciating others' content. We use two interface designs, pagination and infinite scrolling, to manipulate the extent of interruptions to social commerce users. On the basis of the capacity theory of attention, we develop five hypotheses. We empirically test our model using a lab experiment and a field study to show that interruptions reduce users' content appreciation but increase their content creation and that user characteristics moderate these effects. The theoretical and practical contributions of our study are discussed.

In this paper, we explore the effects of individual pressure level and time constraint on searchers' behaviors and their assessment of search experience within the framework of interactive information retrieval. A user experiment was conducted in which 40 participants individually searched for information in a laboratory setting under two conditions: with time constraint (TC) and with no time constraint (NTC). Participants filled in a Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire to measure their chronic pressure value (subjective stress), and their pressure value was recorded as their individual characteristic. The results showed that the more chronic pressure the searcher has, the more search efforts they devote, including more time in searching and more time to complete the search tasks, especially when there was no time constraint. Time constraint and searchers’ pressure value had a significant effect on users’ numbers of scrolling actions per minute. The results indicate that when given a time constraint, searchers with higher-pressure values tend to lower their reading or scanning speed, while searchers with lower-pressure values tend to accelerate their reading or scanning speed. The results suggested different people would react to the time condition change in different ways, especially people with higher pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to examine users’ search behaviors in person-in-situation frameworks to analyze the effects of contextual factors on users. This study contributes to our knowledge of how contextual factors and individual characteristics affect searchers’ behaviors and have implications for the design of IIR systems.

Significance Scrolling text can be an effective reading aid for those with central vision loss. Our results suggest that increased interword spacing with scrolling text may further improve the reading experience of this population. This conclusion may be of particular interest to low-vision aid developers and visual rehabilitation practitioners. Purpose The dynamic, horizontally scrolling text format has been shown to improve reading performance in individuals with central visual loss. Here, we sought to determine whether reading performance with scrolling text can be further improved by modulating interword spacing to reduce the effects of visual crowding, a factor known to impact negatively on reading with peripheral vision. Methods The effects of interword spacing on reading performance (accuracy, memory recall, and speed) were assessed for eccentrically viewed single sentences of scrolling text. Separate experiments were used to determine whether performance measures were affected by any confound between interword spacing and text presentation rate in words per minute. Normally sighted participants were included, with a central vision loss implemented using a gaze-contingent scotoma of 8° diameter. In both experiments, participants read sentences that were presented with an interword spacing of one, two, or three characters. Results Reading accuracy and memory recall were significantly enhanced with triple-character interword spacing (both measures, P ≤ .01). These basic findings were independent of the text presentation rate (in words per minute). Conclusions We attribute the improvements in reading performance with increased interword spacing to a reduction in the deleterious effects of visual crowding. We conclude that increased interword spacing may enhance reading experience and ability when using horizontally scrolling text with a central vision loss.

Interpretation of volumetric medical images represents a rapidly growing proportion of the workload in radiology. However, relatively little is known about the strategies that best guide search behavior when looking for abnormalities in volumetric images. Although there is extensive literature on two-dimensional medical image perception, it is an open question whether the conclusions drawn from these images can be generalized to volumetric images. Importantly, volumetric images have distinct characteristics (e.g., scrolling through depth, smooth-pursuit eye-movements, motion onset cues, etc.) that should be considered in future research. In this manuscript, we will review the literature on medical image perception and discuss relevant findings from basic science that can be used to generate predictions about expertise in volumetric image interpretation. By better understanding search through volumetric images, we may be able to identify common sources of error, characterize the optimal strategies for searching through depth, or develop new training and assessment techniques for radiology residents.

The Qwerty soft keyboard is widely used on mobile devices. However, keyboards often consume a large portion of the touchscreen space, occluding the application view on the smartphone and requiring a separate input interface on the smartwatch. Such space consumption can affect the user experience of accessing information and the overall performance of text input. In order to free up the screen real estate, this article explores the concept of Sparse Keyboard and proposes two new ways of presenting the Qwerty soft keyboard. The idea is to use users’ spatial memory and the reference effect of spatial landmarks on the graphical interface. Our final design K3-SGK displays only three keys while L5-EYOCN displays only five line segments instead of the entire Qwerty layout. To achieve this, we employ a user-centered computational design method: first study the reference effect of a single landmark key (line segment) from empirical data, then make assumptions to generalize the effect to multiple landmarks, and finally optimize the best designs. To make the text entry function more complete, we also design and implement gestural interactions for editing operations and non-alphabetical characters’ input. User evaluation shows that participants can quickly learn how to type with K3-SGK and L5-EYOCN . After five 15-phrase typing sessions, participants achieve 88.1%--92.8% of the full Qwerty keyboard in terms of words per minute on the smartphone and 98.4%--99.1% on the smartwatch. The differences on character and word error rate between our keyboard designs and the full Qwerty keyboard are not significant. The results of out-of-vocabulary words input are also promising. In addition, participants can quickly recall the typing skills and maintain the input performance even after a few days. User feedbacks in real application contexts show that with the low occlusion keyboard, users can acquire more information and perform less scrolling on the smartphone and achieve a higher input efficiency on the smartwatch with a more fluent input experience.

Spatial metaphors have long been part of the way we make sense of media. From early conceptualizations of the internet, we have come to understand digital media as spaces that support, deny or are subject to different mobilities. With the availability of GPS data, somatic bodily movement has enjoyed significant attention in media geography, but recently innovations in digital ethnographic methods have paid attention to other, more ephemeral ways of moving and being with social media. In this article, we consider three case studies in qualitative, “small data” social media research methods: the walkthrough, the go-along and the scroll back methods. Each is centred on observing navigational flows through app infrastructures, fingers hovering across device surfaces and scrolling-and-remembering practices in social media archives. We advocate an ethnography of ephemeral media mobilities and suggest that small data approaches should analytically integrate four dimensions of mediated mobility: bodies and affect, media objects and environments, memory and narrative, and the overall research encounter.

IN THE EARLY 2000S, BLUETOOTH ALMOST MET AN UNTIMELY END. The first Bluetooth devices struggled to avoid interfering with Wi-Fi routers, a higher-powered, more-established cohort on the radio spectrum, with which Bluetooth devices shared frequencies. Bluetooth engineers eventually modified their standard—and saved their wireless tech from early extinction—by developing frequency-hopping techniques for Bluetooth devices, which shifted operation to unoccupied bands upon detecting Wi-Fi signals. • Frequency hopping is just one way to avoid interference, a problem that has plagued radio since its beginning. Long ago, regulators learned to manage spectrum so that in the emerging wireless ecosystem, different radio users were allocated different frequencies for their exclusive use. While this practice avoids the challenges of detecting transmissions and shifting frequencies on the fly, it makes very inefficient use of spectrum, as portions lay fallow. • Today, demand is soaring for the finite resource of radio spectrum. Over the last several years, wireless data transmission has grown by roughly 50 percent per year, driven largely by people streaming videos and scrolling through social media on their smart-phones. To meet this demand, we must allocate spectrum as efficiently as possible. Increasingly, that means that wireless technologies cannot have exclusive frequencies, but rather must share available spectrum. Frequency hopping, which Bluetooth uses, will be part of the solution, but to cope with the surging demand we are going to have to go far beyond it.

Purpose Web search is more and more moving into mobile contexts. However, screen size of mobile devices is limited and search engine result pages face a trade-off between offering informative snippets and optimal use of space. One factor clearly influencing this trade-off is snippet length. The purpose of this paper is to find out what snippet size to use in mobile web search. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, an eye-tracking experiment was conducted showing participants search interfaces with snippets of one, three or five lines on a mobile device to analyze 17 dependent variables. In total, 31 participants took part in the study. Each of the participants solved informational and navigational tasks. Findings Results indicate a strong influence of page fold on scrolling behavior and attention distribution across search results. Regardless of query type, short snippets seem to provide too little information about the result, so that search performance and subjective measures are negatively affected. Long snippets of five lines lead to better performance than medium snippets for navigational queries, but to worse performance for informational queries. Originality/value Although space in mobile search is limited, this study shows that longer snippets improve usability and user experience. It further emphasizes that page fold plays a stronger role in mobile than in desktop search for attention distribution.

Nowadays with rapid advancement in computer vision technology, 3D eyeball tracking, and its movement is the most focus on interest in researchers due to its simplification and vastly used in authentication by iris, handling screen by gaze and control in gaming world applications. It is quite challenging to capture the activity of eyeball with the highest functionality and additionally hardware becomes the source of increasing the overhead of cost. We have proposed the 3D eyed model to extract the internal features of eye i.e. pupil, eyelids and eye corners for notifying the position of the 3D eyeball. Based on the proposed 3D eye model, a 3D pupil is estimated the main feature embedded as a reference to identify points in locating eyeball position. The proposed system will track four movements of 3D eyeball i.e. up, right, left and straight. It is working in real time by acquiring snapshot from a webcam from the real world and is implemented to scroll page by eye movements. Setting up the system is easier than compared to the IR illumination method that provided an accurate result of low cost and more user satisfaction.

This paper presents an object acquisition and selection approach in human computer interaction systems. In this approach, objects placed over computer screen are automatically scanned and the user performs voluntary eye blinks for object selection when the focus comes over the object of interest. Here, scanning means moving the focus over objects placed on the computer screen one by one and the scanning time is the time taken to move focus from one object to the next object. The user is not required to perform any physical movement, the moving part is only the eye lids. A low cost webcam and MATLAB software with computer vision toolbox are required to implement the proposed approach. The performance of the proposed approach has been compared with the Camera Mouse for selection of text and graphic objects. The Camera Mouse utilizes facial feature tracking for mouse cursor control and dwell time for object selection. Three experiments were performed for evaluation of the proposed method in which ten healthy users voluntarily participated. The proposed method has given significantly better performance than the Camera Mouse when selection of text objects was performed in an html file. For selection of graphic objects placed on computer screen, where page scrolling is not required, no significant difference has been found in the performance of both the systems. The proposed method has also been evaluated for performing mouse analogous operations using eye blinks and a performance comparison has been made with state-of-the-art methods.

As more surveys are administered online and taken on mobile devices, researchers need to continue to work toward defining best practices. A relatively new technical feature is an automatic advancement feature, which automatically scrolls the screen to the next item on a page of a survey instrument once a respondent selects an answer to the current question. This and other related forms of automatic advancement methods, such as the horizontal scrolling matrix, have so far produced mixed effects in terms of their impact on data quality, break off rates, and other survey measures. We present findings from an experiment conducted in 2017 using a survey of law school students in which we randomly assigned an automatic advancement feature to half of the respondents in a sample of nearly 40,000 students in the United States and Canada. We do not find significant differences in survey duration time, straight-lining, breakoff rates, or item nonresponse (for mobile users) between the two experimental groups, but desktop users without the automatic advancement feature had higher item nonresponse. More significantly, we find that respondents receiving the automatic advancement treatment on average changed about 50% fewer answers across the survey instrument than those who did not receive the automatic advancement design. We incorporate qualitative data to help us understand why this might have happened. Finally, respondents rated the automatic advancement feature as being easier to use and having a better visual design. This research extends the limited amount of work on automatic advancement features for surveys, helps move the field closer to best practices for survey design for mobile devices, and provides context and understanding about a particular respondent behavior related to data quality.

In anticipating a high completion rate for web surveys, researchers must be attentive to the design features, two of which are the forced responses (i.e., 100%-, 50%, or 0%-forced) and the questionnaire item display (i.e., paging or scrolling). Moreover, the respondents’ favorable attitude towards questionnaires is a key factor driving them to complete the questionnaires. However, no studies have examined the effects of these three variables on web survey completion rates. This research thus attempts to fill this gap. Using a quasi-experiment, we obtained 401 responses to six (i.e., 3 levels of forced responses x 2 display styles) comparable online questionnaires with identical contents. The analysis confirmed the statistically significant effects of the forced responses, the item display and the subjects’ attitudes toward questionnaires on completion rates. In addition to extending theoretical insights into the factors leading to a web survey’s completion rates, practical recommendations are suggested based on the findings.

The web has become a ubiquitous application development platform for mobile systems. Yet, web access on mobile devices remains an energy-hungry activity. Prior work in the field mainly focuses on the initial page loading stage, but fails to exploit the opportunities for energy-efficiency optimization while the user is interacting with a loaded page. This paper presents a novel approach for performing energy optimization for interactive mobile web browsing. At the heart of our approach is a set of machine learning models, which estimate at runtime the frames per second for a given user interaction input by running the computation-intensive web render engine on a specific processor core under a given clock speed. We use the learned predictive models as a utility function to quickly search for the optimal processor setting to carefully trade responsive time for reduced energy consumption. We integrate our techniques to the open-source Chromium browser and apply it to two representative mobile user events: scrolling and pinching (i.e., zoom in and out). We evaluate the developed system on the landing pages of the top-100 hottest websites and two big.LITTLE heterogeneous mobile platforms. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed approach reduces the system-wide energy consumption by over 36% on average and up to 70%. This translates to an over 17% improvement on energy-efficiency over a state-of-the-art event-based web browser scheduler, but with significantly fewer violations on the quality of service.

To write about the convent, I turned to the picture postcard. Researching a book about Catholic girlhoods, I’ve found myself on eBay, scrolling through hundreds of images of convent school building...

This work introduces a development of scrolling LED notice board with self-generating power from built in solar panel for its working. The main advantage of the project is to get a major reduction in paper consumption and manpower. The messages can also be passed immediately without any delay. Scrolling LED display is used as it is low power and low cost. The led Display System is aimed at the colleges and universities for displaying day-to-day information continuously or at regular intervals during the working hours.

This paper proposes a new scrolling text detection method for frame rate up-conversion, which uses a text edge detector and motion vector distribution analysis of the detected text. Existing methods use either edge or motion vector information of an image for scrolling text detection. Thus, when text begins or ends scrolling at the frame boundary, they have difficulty in detecting the text. Moreover, these methods use a fixed threshold to detect text edges. This makes their detection accuracy dependent on the local characteristic of an image. To overcome these drawbacks, the proposed algorithm uses both text edge detector and motion vector distribution analysis. The proposed method consists of the following three steps. In the first step, a text map is generated by the text edge detector based on region-adaptive thresholding for luminance change. Then, an initial scrolling text map is generated by calculating the difference between the previous and current text maps. Finally, the scrolling text is refined by analyzing the region characteristic of the detected text, including density, structure, and motion vector distribution. Compared with the state-of-the-art method, the experimental results show that the proposed method increases the detection accuracy by up to 17.6%. In addition, when the proposed algorithm is used for scrolling text detection, the frame rate up-conversion algorithm can generate high quality interpolated images for the scrolling text regions.

In this paper, a process is devised systematically to scrutinize the scrolling chaotic behaviour of fractional-order Chua's system. The process is composed of fractional Laplace transformation, artificial neural network with Mexican hat wavelet as an activation function and simulated annealing. Sequentially, the parametric expansion of fractional Laplace transform is employed to convert the governing fractional system into an ordinary differential system. Next, artificial neural network and simulated annealing approximate and optimize the attained system and produce accurate solutions. The predictability and elaboration of double scrolling chaotic structures of fractional-order Chua's system are also studied using the Lyapunov exponent and fifth–fourth Runge–Kutta method. Moreover, the mean absolute error and root mean square error are measured for the convergence analysis of the proposed scheme. On the whole, the accurate approximate solutions, the phase plots of Lyapunov exponent spectrum and bifurcation maps of the dynamical evolution of fractional Chua's system are a triumph of this endeavour.

Mobile videochat use has been growing, especially for teens. To better understand teens' videochat practices, we conducted a two-week photo diary study with 16 teens. We found that most often, teens videochat with their closest friends from their bedrooms when they feel lonely or bored. Teens turned to videochat when understimulated but also felt understimulated during videochat. In order to manage this, they multitasked -teens moved from active chatting to co-presence while engaged in separate activities like scrolling social feeds or playing games. We uncovered social norms of reciprocity of attention, where teens match the attention level of the other and give leeway to briefly divert attention. Digital notifications did not feel disruptive to the videochat but family members' interruptions felt disruptive as teens' domestic context intruded into their virtual peer setting. We discuss these findings and their implications for research and design of videochat systems.

Purpose: Three-dimensional “volumetric” imaging methods are now a common component of medical imaging across many imaging modalities. Relatively little is known about how human observers localize targets masked by noise and clutter as they scroll through a 3D image and how it compares to a similar task confined to a single 2D slice. Approach: Gaussian random textures were used to represent noisy volumetric medical images. Subjects were able to freely inspect the images, including scrolling through 3D images as part of their search process. A total of eight experimental conditions were evaluated (2D versus 3D images, large versus small targets, power-law versus white noise). We analyze performance in these experiments using task efficiency and the classification image technique. Results: In 3D tasks, median response times were roughly nine times longer than 2D, with larger relative differences for incorrect trials. The efficiency data show a dissociation in which subjects perform with higher statistical efficiency in 2D tasks for large targets and higher efficiency in 3D tasks with small targets. The classification images suggest that a critical mechanism behind this dissociation is an inability to integrate across multiple slices to form a 3D localization response. The central slices of 3D classification images are remarkably similar to the corresponding 2D classification images. Conclusions: 2D and 3D tasks show similar weighting patterns between 2D images and the central slice of 3D images. There is relatively little weighting across slices in the 3D tasks, leading to lower task efficiency with respect to the ideal observer.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a significant increase in the consumption of the internet for work, leisure time activities, and has also generated substantial amounts of anxiety, and uncertainty, which has lead individuals to spend a lot of time surfing the internet for the latest news on developments in the COVID‐19 crisis. This ends up as scrolling or surfing through a lot of pessimistic news items. This search for information during COVID‐19 is apparently influenced by a number of cognitive biases as well as mediated by poor affect regulation skills. Thus, there is a need to address these cognitive biases and promote affect regulation strategies across health settings.

Interacting with long web documents such as wiktionaries, manuals, tutorials, blogs, novels, etc., is easy for sighted users, as they can leverage convenient pointing devices such as a mouse/touchpad to quickly access the desired content either via scrolling with visual scanning or clicking hyperlinks in the available Table of Contents (TOC). Blind users on the other hand are unable to use these pointing devices, and therefore can only rely on keyboard-based screen reader assistive technology that lets them serially navigate and listen to the page content using keyboard shortcuts. As a consequence, interacting with long web documents with just screen readers, is often an arduous and tedious experience for the blind users. To bridge the usability divide between how sighted and blind users interact with web documents, in this paper, we present iTOC, a browser extension that automatically identifies and extracts TOC hyperlinks from the web documents, and then facilitates on-demand instant screen-reader access to the TOC from anywhere in the website. This way, blind users need not manually search for the desired content by moving the screen-reader focus sequentially all over the webpage; instead they can simply access the TOC from anywhere using iTOC, and then select the desired hyperlink which will automatically move the focus to the corresponding content in the document. A user study with 15 blind participants showed that with iTOC, both the access time and user effort (number of user input actions) were significantly lowered by as much as 42.73% and 57.9%, respectively, compared to that with another state-of-the-art solution for improving web usability.

Background and importance Drug purchase is a complex process, where multiple equivalent specialties (ES) can pile up. ES drugs are those that can be used in the same indication in equivalent galenic forms. Providing good use of ES drugs within our institution and anticipating the preferences for the next calls for tender is a central issue. Aim and objectives In order to simplify the rationalisation of ES, we aimed to build a tool that could rapidly and precisely compare the costs of two ES. Material and methods Five essential comparing data points (ED) were identified: API, dosage, delivery unit (DU) price, daily intake and annual consumption. Coherent comparison ratios were used: intake/DU and price/intake. An intuitive Excel file was built to compare two ES according to a chosen consumption. A notice of use was written, allowing the test phase on two of our ES: trimebutine in a single use powder for solution (SUP) and a multidose syrup. Results Typing ED increments a database. In the calculator tab, two scrolling menus allow the user to select the comparison. The calculator then visually shows the economic impact of the switch: red for increased cost and green for reduced cost. The intermediate calculations are always visible. Two hypotheses were made for the case of multidose ES depending on whether the multidose was fully used or not. A graphic shows the results in a visual way, with a number in euros and a number as a percentage of annual costs. A history is available. Tests on trimebutine were conclusive: they rapidly showed the economic interest of the single use powder for oral solution over the multidose syrup. The SUP was compared with the multidose syrup that can deliver up to 15 doses. The calculator showed a realisable reduction from 23% to 95% of the annual costs by choosing the powder. Withdrawal of the syrup will be suggested to the drug commission. Conclusion and relevance This calculator is an efficient tool that helps the pharmacists in the management of the available references in the institution. It allows the user to rapidly and easily estimate the economic aspect of a switch, a central issue in drug selection. References and/or acknowledgements Conflict of interest No conflict of interest

We explore the concept of a Spherical World in Miniature (SWIM) for discrete locomotion in Virtual Reality (VR). A SWIM wraps a planar WIM around a physically embodied sphere and thereby implements the metaphor of a tangible Tiny Planet that can be rotated and moved, enabling scrolling, scaling, and avatar teleportation. The scaling factor is set according to the sphere's distance from the head-mounted display (HMD), while rotation moves the current viewing window. Teleportation is triggered with a dwell time when looking at the sphere and keeping it still. In a lab study (N=20), we compare our SWIM implementation to a planar WIM with an established VR controller technique using physical buttons. We test both concepts in a navigation task and also investigate the effects of two different screen sizes. Our results show that the SWIM, despite its less direct geometrical transformation, performed superior in most evaluations. It outperformed the planar WIM not only in terms of task completion time (TCT) and accuracy but also in subjective ratings.

Background Scrolling is a perceived barrier in the use of bring your own device (BYOD) to capture electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROs). This study explored the impact of scrolling on the measurement equivalence of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) in the presence and absence of scrolling. Methods Adult participants with a chronic condition involving daily pain completed ePROMs on four devices with different scrolling properties: a large provisioned device not requiring scrolling; two provisioned devices requiring scrolling – one with a “smart-scrolling” feature that disabled the “next” button until all information was viewed, and a second without this feature; and BYOD with smart-scrolling. The ePROMs included were the SF-12, EQ-5D-5L, and three pain measures: a visual analogue scale, a numeric response scale and a Likert scale. Participants completed English or Spanish versions according to their first language. Associations between ePROM scores were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), with lower bound of 95% confidence interval (CI) > 0.7 indicating comparability. Results One hundred fifteen English- or Spanish-speaking participants (21-75y) completed all four administrations. High associations between scrolling and non-scrolling were observed (ICCs: 0.71–0.96). The equivalence threshold was met for all but one SF-12 domain score (bodily pain; lower 95% CI: 0.65) and two EQ-5D-5L item scores (pain/discomfort, usual activities; lower 95% CI: 0.64/0.67). Age, language, and device size produced insignificant differences in scores. Conclusions The measurement properties of PROMs are preserved even in the presence of scrolling on a handheld device. Further studies that assess scrolling impact over long-term, repeated use are recommended.

In this paper, considering the control difficulty of the unmanned aerial manipulator (UAM) interacting with environments, a force analysis during gliding grasping and a hybrid force/position control strategy are proposed for the UAM to enhance control performances during dynamic gliding grasping respectively. First, the instantaneous contact force during the gliding grasping is analyzed by the impulse and momentum theorem, and some factors affecting grasping performance are considered to complete an analysis of grasping force including the irregular shape of the object, the object scrolling, and geometrically asymmetric grasping. Meanwhile, the mass of the grasping object and the inertia tensor are considered unknown bounded items. As a benefit, an accurate dynamics model of the UAM gliding grasping is guaranteed. Second, a hybrid force/position controller based on an adaptive neural network estimator is adopted for UAM to overcome both internal disturbances and external disturbances. The proposed method stability is analyzed through the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, through a dynamic gliding grasping simulation, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme are verified.

Smartphones are now ubiquitous, yet our understanding of user interface factors that maximize mobile user experience (UX), is still limited. This work presents a controlled experiment, which investigated factors that affect the usability and UX of a mobile incident reporting app. The results indicate that sequence of user interface elements matters while striving to increase UX, and that there is no difference between tab and scrolling as navigation modalities in short forms. These findings can serve as building blocks for empirically-derived guidelines for mobile incident reporting., Paper accepted for presentation at the 5th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction Theory and Applications (HUCAPP@VISIGRAPP 2021)

There are many different types of industries in this world, like automobile, food, medicine, education, real estate, etc. Almost all of them have some sort of product they sell, and they keep developing this product on a regular basis. These industries display and market their products mainly through advertisements. These advertisements could be presented to the viewers through television ads, ads in videos, posters stuck on walls and buses, sticky ads in articles and similar Web pages, etc. Business and advertising professionals refer to ads as “sticky ad”, when the ads are displayed on a part or whole of the Web page that is displayed on the screen, and don’t move (stuck on the screen) even after scrolling. The objective of this project is to develop a system which will allow clients and business tycoons to develop an advertisement keeping in mind the most influential attributes that usually determine its success. In this project we will theorize a way to use Data Science which will identify the important parameters for analysis. The process done to remove superficial attributes and keep the most influential attributes is called analysis. In this paper, by applying exploratory, predictive and regression analysis for forecasting behaviour of Sticky Ad data set, we show that our proposed method is efficient for the clients to use to advertise products confidently. We have a dataset of over 500 different advertisements each with over 25 attributes or features. Before analysing the dataset, we’ll be checking whether Linear Regression is suitable for the dataset and how other types of regression won’t work. The analysis part of the project could also be applied to different data sets of various domains by changing the necessary variables, but one has to keep in mind that the dataset available determines the algorithm used, and not the other way around.

ABSTR A C T Increasing the productivity of flexible working during working hours is a common concern for employers. Employees working in different sectors use various tools to carry out their tasks and work in different working environments. With the Covid-19 pandemic that began in the beginning of 2020, remote working has become an essential part of life. However, one of the biggest problems faced by managers and employers is how to control remote workers. In this study, SmartRadar software was developed to track employee computer use behavior and detect anomalous behavior. Anomalous behavior is defined as computer-based activities or processes carried out during work time which are not related to the tasks for which the employee is responsible. Clicking, mouse wheel scrolling, copying and other similar actions by the user are processed, a summary of the data is generated, and a multi-dimensional dataset is created. Anomalous behavior can then be detected using support vector machines. The proposed software has been shown to detect anomalous computer use behavior by employees with a high degree of accuracy. The favorable results of the study show that the proposed method and the software could be used for tracking and reporting purposes both in workplaces and in flexible working conditions. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recommender systems play a vital role in e-commerce by presenting personalized product suggestions, reducing habituation and leading to transactions in an environment with limited human touch. Data used for learning how to select optimal recommendation content, including mouse tracking data, are often imprecise in nature. In this paper, we present a fuzzy approach to model purchase intent based on tracking user interaction with a browser via mouse and keyboard. It appreciates data uncertainty and provides insights into e-commerce customer behavior and the development of shops online. The developed fuzzy rule-based systems had a good accuracy and low interpretability, and results show that to generalize possible purchase intent with fuzzy rules, it is good to begin with looking at such behavioral features as distance of mouse movement, distance of vertical page scrolling, number of mouse clicks and time of user activity on website in relation to page content length. In future work, we intend to look at more features reflecting product parameters and transactions to enhance the modeling results on a larger scale.

In this paper, we demonstrate how TEITOK provides a full online interface for speech and even video corpora, that are fully searchable using the CQL query language, can contain all speech-related annotation such as repetitions, gaps, and mispronunciations, and provides a full interface for time-aligned annotations scrolling below the waveform and showing the video if there is any. Corpora are stored in the TEI/XML standard, with import and output functions for other established standards like ELAN, Praat, or Transcriber. It is even possible to directly annotate corpora in TEITOK.

Sentiment analysis is a case of natural language processing that extracts the sentiment of people about any specific service, product, or the topic. Users spend a considerable amount of time scrolling through social media feeds to find something relatable, either emotionally or as a problem in their daily life that they want to solve. By analyzing the content produced by social media users, we can know if his opinion is relatively optimistic, neutral, or pessimistic about the subject – that varies from a service, news, a movie, etc. There are multiple approaches for sentiment analysis; first, there’s the Machine learning with its numerous methods that can be either supervised or unsupervised. Second, the Lexicon-based approach. Third, the combination of the two approaches – which is called a hybrid. Also, there are other approaches that we can add to get a more optimized result, such as working on improving text preprocessing techniques or by adding Fuzzy Logic approach and subjectivity detection.

As technology advances and better virtual interfaces emerge, there is a demand for new kinds of interaction devices. The currently being used devices like keyboard, mouse, pens, etc. have been the most popular among these virtual interfaces. With the advancement of technology where speech and gestures have become the key components to interact with smart devices a replacement for currently used devices is needed. The development of user interfaces influences the changes in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). This paper focuses to design an input device using computer vision and gesture recognition techniques. This device interacts with a computer using hand gestures, providing an intuitive cost-effective way of performing mouse controls. Various algorithms and techniques are used to make the product user-friendly. We have designed a colored glove that can work in various environments and control the navigation along with functions of the mouse such as left-click, right-click, dragging, and scrolling swiftly. This real-time application allows for practical interaction between users and the system.

International audience; The slow but steady shift away from printed text into digital media has not yet modified the working habits of chamber music practitioners. If most instrumentalists still heavily rely on printed scores, audiences increasingly access notated music online, with printed scores synced to an audio recording on youtube for instance. This paper proposes to guide the listener and/or the performer with a cursor scrolling on the page with INScore, in order to examine the consequences of representing time in this way as opposed to traditional bars and beats notation. In addition to its score following interest for pedagogy and analysis, the networking possibilities of today's ubiquitous technologies reveal interesting potentials for works in which the presence of a conductor is required for synchronization between performers and/or with fixed media (film or tape). A Raspberry Pi-embedded prototype for animated/distributed notation is presented here as a score player (such as the Decibel ScorePlayer, or SmartVox), in order to send and synchronize mp4 scores to any browser capable device connected to the same WIFI network. The corpus will concern pieces edited at BabelScores, an online library for contemporary classical music. The BabelScores pdf works, composed in standard engraving softwares, will be animated using INScore and video editors, in order to find strategies for animation or dynamic display of the unfolding of time, originally represented statically on the page.; L'abandon lent mais certain du texte imprimé au profit des médias numériques n'a pas encore modifié les habitudes de travail des instrumentistes en musique de chambre. Si la plupart s'appuie encore fortement sur les partitions imprimées, le public a de plus en plus accès aux partitions en ligne, synchronisées sur un enregistrement audio sur youtube par exemple. Cet article propose de guider l'auditeur et/ou l'interprète à l'aide d'un curseur défilant sur la page (avec INScore), afin d'examiner ce qu'implique de représenter le temps de cette manière, par opposition à la notation traditionnelle des mesures rythmiques du solfège. Outre son intérêt pour la pédagogie et l'analyse, les possibilités de mise en réseau des technologies omniprésentes d'aujourd'hui révèlent des potentiels intéressants pour des œuvres dans lesquelles la présence d'un chef d'orchestre est requise pour la synchronisation entre interprètes et/ou avec des supports fixes (film ou bande). Un prototype pour la notation animée/distribuée intégré sur Raspberry Pi est présenté ici comme lecteur de partition (tel que le Decibel ScorePlayer ou SmartVox), afin d’envoyer et de synchroniser les partitions mp4 à n’importe quel appareil compatible avec un navigateur connecté au même réseau WIFI. Le corpus concernera des pièces éditées sur BabelScores, une bibliothèque en ligne de musique classique contemporaine. Les œuvres pdf de BabelScores, composées de logiciels de gravure standard, seront animées à l'aide d'éditeurs INScore et vidéo, afin de trouver des stratégies d'animation ou d'affichage dynamique du déroulement du temps, initialement représentées de manière statique sur la page.

Here, we propose a wearable tactile braille device with IoT connectivity to a mobile device so as to transmit any document on the device in the form of braille script to make it available at the user’s fingertip. The tactile braille display is a Modular Low-Cost Braille Electronic Display (MOLBED) proprietary to a team. A finger-held scrolling device is also proposed here with which the user can read at one’s own pace. The whole device is proposed to fit on a finger of the user and hence function as a wearable device. The proposed device can be used even by people without visual disabilities but have sufficient knowledge of braille script. Hence, it can function as a new age reading device while not maintaining direct eye contact with a screen or interface.

The modern attention economy incentivizes the use of persuasive designs in software development. Scrolling is an interaction technique commonly associated with persuasive designs because of its lack of natural stopping cues and potential for habit promotion. A scroll-like interaction is used in gesture navigation, which is a method of navigating mobile operating systems. This paper investigates gesture navigation in mobile operating systems in the context of persuasive designs. The aim of this paper is to answer whether gesture navigation affects mobile usage and if there is a systematic preference for gesture navigation over traditional button navigation. In order to answer these questions a pre-post study was conducted. The participants were instructed to change system navigation controls for ten days; whereafter data regarding their mobile usage was collected. The collected data was analyzed in order to determine if there was a difference in mobile usage after changing system navigation controls and whether there was a systematic preference for gesture navigation. The results did not suggest that gesture navigation has an effect on mobile usage. The results did however point towards a systematic preference for gesture navigation over button navigation. The idéa of a systematic preference for gesture navigation motivates further research about the mechanisms behind it. Den moderna uppmärksamhets-ekonomin motiverar implementering av persuasive design-tekniker inom mjukvaruutveckling. Scrolling är en interaktionsteknik som ofta förknippas med persuasive design på grund av dess brist på naturliga stoppsignaler och förmåga att forma användarvanor. En scrolling-liknande interaktion används i gestnavigering, vilket är en navigeringsmetod i mobila operativsystem. Denna uppsats undersöker gestnavigering i mobila operativsystem i anknytning till persuasive design. Syftet med uppsatsen är att besvara om gestnavigering påverkar mobilanvändning och om det finns en systematisk preferens för gestnavigering framför traditionell knappnavigering. För att besvara dessa frågor genomfördes en inventionsstudie. Deltagarna instruerades att ändra systemnavigering i tio dagar; varefter data om deras mobilanvändning samlades in. De insamlade uppgifterna analyserades för att avgöra om det förekom någon skillnad på mobilanvändandet efter bytet av systemnavigering och om det fanns en systematisk preferens för gestnavigering. Resultaten tydde inte på att gestnavigering påverkar mobilanvändning. Resultaten pekade däremot på en systematisk preferens för gestnavigering framför knappnavigering. Idén om en systematisk preferens för gestnavigering motiverar vidare forskning om preferensens bakomliggande mekanismer.

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The science education community is increasingly valuing the use of mobile apps in inquiry-based learning (IBL) to improve learner’ attitudes and their understanding of science concepts. Although there exists a body of research on mobile apps used for IBL in science education, limited attention has been paid to linking apps' features with their pedagogical affordances. Our study addresses this research gap by evaluating science mobile learning apps with respect to IBL pedagogy. Nine functional features of apps that support educational aspects of inquiry-based pedagogy are identified from user reviews, including: fingertip interaction, graphics visualisation, informative materials, location-based services, offline access, search by question, timeline scrolling, user tutorials, and zoom control. The information contained in the version history of the apps is analysed and four educational aspects of IBL supported by the nine functional features are identified as: motivation, conceptualisation, exploration, and conclusion. We have further compared the evolution of the functional features of apps to the educational aspects of inquiry-based pedagogy identified from different versions of apps. The findings of this study show the trend of updated functional features that support IBL and inform practitioners seeking to improve their use of mobile apps to support students' learning in science. We conclude by proposing areas of future research in this field.

PURPOSE Heterogeneity in scrolling behavior of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts complicates DMEK surgery. This prospective observational study assessed scrolling axes of DMEK grafts relative to the donor's eye. METHODS The eye bank randomly marked the rim of corneoscleral donor buttons during trephination and recorded the position relative to the donor's axis. Surgeons were masked to the absolute position of the eye bank marking and recorded the scrolling axis relative to the eye bank marking and DMEK upside-down orientation. The scrolling axis was categorized as vertical (0 to 30 degrees and 150 to 180 degrees), oblique (>30 to 60 degrees and 120 to 60 to

As the international community goes digital due to the state of affairs, it may be deemed that gamification is on the rise. Moreover, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has impacted children, alongside adults, and they are in isolation, yet child development continues. The authors acknowledged these, took the notion that gamification is advantageous into consideration, and developed a side–scroller that is entertaining yet informative about SARS–CoV–2 and viruses at large using object–oriented programming, a programming paradigm, and the Association for Computing Machinery Java Task Force graphics library. This paper underlined that there is an absence of precedence of a side-scroller that is developed using this graphics library, and, subsequent to the assessment of the authors, it concluded that such a graphics library may not be suited to video game development due to its limiting factors. This paper deemed that gamification stimulates learning, nonetheless.

Highly compliant electronics, naturally conforming to human skin, represent a paradigm shift in the interplay with the surroundings. Solution-processable printing technologies are yet to be developed to comply with requirements to mechanical conformability of on-skin appliances. Here, it is demonstrated that high-performance spintronic elements can be printed on ultrathin 3 µm thick polymeric foils enabling the mechanically imperceptible printed magnetoelectronics, which can adapt to the periodic buckling surface to be biaxially stretched over 100%. They constitute the first example of printed and stretchable giant magnetoresistive sensors, revealing 2 orders of magnitude improvements in mechanical stability and sensitivity at small magnetic fields, compared to the state-of-the-art printed magnetoelectronics. The key enabler of this performance enhancement is the use of elastomeric triblock copolymers as a binder for the magnetosensitive paste. Even when bent to a radius of 16 µm, the sensors printed on ultrathin foils remain intact and possess unmatched sensitivity for printed magnetoelectronics of 3 T-1 in a low magnetic field of 0.88 mT. The compliant printed sensors can be used as components of on-skin interactive electronics as it is demonstrated with a touchless control of virtual objects including zooming in and out of interactive maps and scrolling through electronic documents.