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Axitinib, marketed as Inlyta, finds various medical applications in the treatment of conditions such as breast cancer, myeloid leukemia, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Initially, the synthesis of this cytidine analog, and its deoxy derivative decitabine, was carried out in Czechoslovakia to explore their potential as chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Recent research has been focused on understanding the reactivity and chemical structure of Axitinib, which are believed to contribute to its anticancer properties. As part of this investigation, the adsorption process of Axitinib onto a fullerene (C60) adsorbent in the gas and water phases was examined using the DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) method. This analysis involved the assessment of the adsorption energy and a chemical perspective on the interaction between Axitinib and the adsorbent molecule. Furthermore, various thermodynamic characteristics, including Gibbs free energy (-4004.73 kJ), Enthalpy (-4004.52 kJ), and Entropy (709.79 J/mol-kelvin), as well as thermodynamic capacity (349.69 J/mol-kelvin), were calculated. Additionally, key electronic parameters, such as σ(0.20), µ(-2.97), ω(0.88), χ(2.97), and η(5.01) (all in eV), were estimated to elucidate the compound's chemical properties. The calculation of the HOMO (-7.99 eV) and LUMO (2.04 eV) energy levels revealed six regions of chemical activity for Axitinib, confirming its thermodynamic stability and indicating the significance of this adsorption process in delivering Axitinib to biological mechanisms.

Background: Inflammation has been suggested to play a role in heart failure (HF) pathogenesis. However, the role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), as a novel biomarker, to assess HF prognosis needs to be investigated. We sought to evaluate the impact of PLR on HF clinical outcomes. Methods: English-published records in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web-of-science databases were screened until December 2023. Relevant articles evaluated PLR with clinical outcomes (including mortality, rehospitalization, HF worsening, and HF detection) were recruited, with PLR difference analysis based on death/survival status in total and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. Results: In total, 21 articles ( n = 13,924) were selected. The total mean age was 70.36 ± 12.88 years (males: 61.72%). Mean PLR was 165.54 [95% confidence interval (CI): 154.69–176.38]. In total, 18 articles ( n = 10,084) reported mortality [either follow-up (PLR: 162.55, 95% CI: 149.35–175.75) or in-hospital (PLR: 192.83, 95% CI: 150.06–235.61) death rate] and the mean PLR was 166.68 (95% CI: 154.87–178.50). Further analysis revealed PLR was significantly lower in survived HF patients rather than deceased group (152.34, 95% CI: 134.01–170.68 versus 194.73, 95% CI: 175.60–213.85, standard mean difference: −0.592, 95% CI: −0.857 to −0.326, p

In the present research, ZnO@TiO2 nanoparticles (ZnO@TiO2 NPs) was synthesized by using a simple method and the results of infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed their synthesis. Then, an electrochemical sensor based on screen printed graphite electrode (SPGE) modified with ZnO@TiO2 NPs was developed for voltammetric detection of hydrazine in water samples. The ZnO@TiO2 NPs modified SPGE demonstrates significant performance toward the hydrazine detection due to the synergistic effect between ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs and it proved by the results from cyclic voltammetry (CV). Also, the observation of an oxidation peak without a reduction peak in the opposite scan direction indicated the irreversibility of the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine on both the bare SPGE and the ZnO@TiO2/SPGE. Under optimized conditions (pH and differential pulse parameters), the voltammetric current response of hydrazine at the ZnO@TiO2/SPGE showed linear dependence on the concentration, ranging from 0.01 µM to 585.0 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 µM. In addition, the pertinency of the ZnO@TiO2/SPGE sensor for practical applications was investigated by quantification detection of hydrazine in water samples. The findings showed recovery values between 97.3 % and 104.2 % and relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 3.5 % for river and tap water samples.

IntroductionHegel is a philosopher who studies the concept of the state with his multifaceted philosophy and his special methodology. On one hand, he criticizes the views of different schools of thought about this concept and believes that the government is not a mechanism to maintain peace, enforce rights, or promote benefits beyond its own existence, and only in this capacity can it be recognized by everyone as a right. On the other hand, in his theory, the divine and intrinsically purposive government is trying to incorporate all the desirable features of these schools, despite all these criticisms. notwithstanding this paradox, this research, whose sources have been collected through the library research method and descriptive-analytical study, aims to prove the hypothesis that the Hegelian state emerges from within the traditional liberal and democratic state-building philosophies in a special and distinct way. It is trying to answer the question “What are the characteristics of the ideal state in Hegel's view, In a practical look at the political philosophy of the state?”, The results show, while proving the hypothesis; that contrary to the extreme collectivism of Rousseau and the abstract individualism of Lockean liberalism, Hegel's state is ‘a reasonable and inevitable institution of society that everyone must recognize its by force and accept its obedience’. Research Question(s)What are the characteristics of the ideal state in Hegel's view? Literature ReviewSeveral research papers have been published Related to the subject of the research, including; Zahra Vashqani Farahani's thesis titled: "State Theory in Hegel's Political Philosophy" published by the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of the Islamic Azad University (Central Tehran Branch), as well as an article titled "The Importance of Hegelian Separation, State and Civil Society" written by Azim Rahin, Prepared and published in No. (1.2) of Social Sciences Quarterly. However, the distinct feature of this research is the examination of Hegel's paradigmatic view of the government, which is in many ways against or in favor of democracy and liberalism. MethodologyConsidering that research in most humanities disciplines is mainly focused on theoretical solutions, the present study has used a library research method to collect the desired data and examines the data with a descriptive-analytical method. ConclusionHegel's philosophy, methodology, and valuable critiques present an outlook that thinks about modernity, instead of being oriented towards the Enlightenment era of his time. Because, basically, from Hegel's point of view, modernity is a bridge in the evolution of the soul towards freedom, and in this way, the self-awareness of the soul is the most important characteristic of the new era. In summary, for the purposes of this research and its main question, what is certain is that Hegel rejects the political theory of social contract that philosophers such as Locke and Rousseau established and views them as inefficient abstract concepts and, by rejecting the abstract idealism of "Reason" and the empiricism of "History" as an independent and durable ground for authority, established a dialectical relationship between reason and history and thereby resolved some of the contradictions raised in the state's founding phase. He also, based the political right on having an independent nature from the state and supports the concept of political right where it maintains its idealistic aspect, but is based on a certain historical era. On the other hand, even though Hegel criticizes the extreme collectivism of Rousseau and the abstract individualism of Lockean liberalism, his divine and intrinsically purposive government tries to incorporate all the desirable features of these schools and support them. Hegel's goal was to achieve the desired political power system for Germany, and so in this way, he presented his government specially and distinctly from the democratic and liberal state-building philosophies of his time.But what are the characteristics of Hegel's ideal government? The key to understanding this question lies in the ideal concept of political right in Hegel's belief and his opinion about the inherent rationality of the state. From Hegel's point of view, the state is the manifestation of realized freedom and the perfect ethical life. Therefore, the state is an ethical soul that emerges in the form of an essential will by becoming more transparent and definite. Therefore, the state is nothing but "the action of the spirit in the world" realized in a self-conscious form. But since the soul in Hegel's philosophy has an absolute, and even divine essence, according to Hegel's definition, the state is God's will in the world. Such a government is not a responsible or parliamentary government, and this was at a time when the belief in a responsible government was considered the most important feature of 19th-century liberalism. Overall, by studying the philosophy of rights that Hegel talks about, it cannot be said that he does not explicitly accept responsible government, nor can it be said that he explicitly rejected such a government.

Abstract In this study, a new and efficient Rod-like bifunctional Fe-based MOF@CuO nanocomposites (RL BF Fe-based MOF@CuO NC) were synthesized as new and efficient heterogeneous catalyst through a simple method from easily available 1,3,5-benzenetricarbocylic acid linker, nitrate ferric as a source of iron and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles under microwave irradiation. The synthesized nanocatalysts were characterized with different techniques such as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The RL BF Fe-based MOF@CuO NC had relatively high specific surface area (203 m2 g−1) while exhibiting superparamagnetic properties. The catalytic activity of RL BF Fe-based MOF@CuO NC was explored in a facile and green methodology to prepare diverse N‑amino-2-pyridones by one-pot four component reactions comprising aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, methyl cyanoacetate and hydrazine hydrate within mild and solvent-free conditions. This protocol enjoys features like providing the final products during low reaction times in excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The use of easily available and inexpensive reactants for the synthesis of the catalyst, environmental compatibility, low catalyst loading, fast and clean work-up and reusability of catalyst for several cycles with consistent activity are counted as the outstanding features of this procedure.

Abstract Background Most aquatic biota's reproductive biology and life cycle are essential to the sustainable management and development of coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. The bivalve Paphia textile (Gmelin 1791), also known as Paratapes textilis, has an economic value in Indo-Pacific waters, including the Red Sea and the Suez Canal lakes, the Egyptian coasts. However, P. textile suffers from extensive fishing and exploitation. Aim The present work aims to study the Paphia textile's reproductive cycle on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea for the first time. It helps to manage and develop the coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. Methodology Samples were collected monthly from two saline lakes in the Suez Gulf from December 2019 to November 2020. As part of the comprehensive research study, sex ratio, condition index, sexuality, histological analysis of gonads, shell size, and gonad index were used to investigate the reproductive cycle. Results The results reveal a male-biased sex ratio, possibly due to anthropogenic stressors. The Paphia textile is dioecious. No hermaphrodite cases were observed in the studied specimens. The condition index in winter and spring indicates periods dominated by mature individuals. Five reproductive maturity stages were assigned for both P. textile males and females. Due to the simultaneous development of several developmental stages monthly throughout the sampling year, warm water may be responsible for non-sequential gametogenic cycles. As measured environmental parameters correlate with maturity stages, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a play important role in gonad growth. The size at first sexual maturity at which 50% of the Paphia textile population reached maturity ranged from 28.60 to 31.50 mm for females, and between 31.70 and 34.10 mm for males. As the gonad index increases during the ripe stages, this index decreases during the resting, spawning, and spent phases. Conclusions The findings suggest the most suitable temperature for aquaculture spawning is between 20 °C and 30 °C in subtropical waters. Fishing should generally be prohibited at sizes less than 28.60 mm for better management and sustainability of this valuable aquatic resource on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is perhaps one of the most important events of the 21st century. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent diseases of the oral cavity. Due to possible pathways of interaction between these two diseases, we investigated their association. Methods The study population consisted of hospitalized patients with established COVID-19 diagnoses. Patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 were considered controls, while cases had severe to critical COVID-19. Periodontal examination and serum and saliva sampling were performed for each patient. Relevant medical data were extracted from patients’ hospital files. Results Of the enrolled patients, 122 were included in the statistical analyses. The severity of periodontitis was directly and significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 (P

Introduction Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become one of the most common forms of nicotine delivery used by youth and young adults worldwide. Given the lack of epidemiologic data in Kuwait, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use, assess perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes, measure the level of dependence on e-cigarettes and assess factors associated with dependence level among adults. Methods A cross-sectional study enrolled adults (n=3032, aged ≥18 years) living in Kuwait using a web-based questionnaire. Participants self-reported ever and current (past 30-day) e-cigarette use and self-completed the 10-item Penn State E-cigarette Dependence Index. Associations were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression. Results The prevalence of ever and current e-cigarette use was estimated to be 40.2% (1220/3032) and 29.4% (892/3032), respectively. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was higher in males compared to females (47.6% vs 14.4%, p

Abstract Background The presence of comorbidities, especially those with a chronic inflammatory nature such as periodontitis, can facilitate COVID-19 progression toward more severe forms. Both of these diseases can affect systemic health and alter hematological test results. In this study, we decided to investigate COVID-19 and periodontitis’ possible interaction with these alterations. Methods Hospitalized patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Controls had mild to moderate COVID-19, while cases had severe to critical COVID-19. Periodontal examination was done for each patient. Relevant medical and hematological data were extracted from patient’s hospital files. Results A total of 122 patients entered the final analysis. The minimum white blood cell counts were associated with the severity of periodontitis. The interaction between periodontitis and COVID-19 was associated with increased minimum white blood cell counts and decreased platelet counts. COVID-19 severity was associated with increased venous oxygen saturation, prothrombin time, the maximum partial thromboplastin time, the maximum and average urea, the maximum creatinine, the maximum potassium, and lactate dehydrogenase, and decreased sodium levels. Conclusions Results of this study showed that several blood parameters were associated with periodontitis, COVID-19, or the interaction between them.

Objective:Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard of care for axillary staging in clinically node negative breast cancer. If predictive factors for sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis could be identified, it would allow selection of candidates for SLNB and omit axillary surgery in those with the lowest risk of axillary lymph node involvement. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors associated with SLN metastasis in breast cancer patients in Bahrain.Materials and Methods:Patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer who underwent SLNB at a single institution between 2016 and 2022 were identified from the pathology database. Patients who had failure of localization of SLN, those with bilateral cancers and those treated for a local recurrence were excluded.Results:A total of 160 breast cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 64.4% had a negative SLNB and 21.9% of all cases underwent axillary dissection. The following parameters emerged as predictors of SLN metastasis in univariate analysis: age; tumour grade; ER status; presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and tumor size. On multivariate analysis, age was not independently associated with the incidence of SLN metastasis.Conclusion:This study showed that high tumour grades, presence of LVI and large tumour size were all risk factors related to axillary metastasis after SLNB in breast cancer. In the elderly, the incidence of SLN metastasis appeared to be relatively low, providing an opportunity to de-escalate axillary surgery in these patients. These findings may allow for the development of a nomogram to estimate the risk of SLN metastasis.

The new approach to bisexual education defines a new form of gender role that requires female and male characteristics for both sexes equally. One of the most important principles that is emphasized in this approach is “equality”. The basis of Islamic ethics in dealing with male and female gender is paying attention to the differences and roles according to the female and male genetic characteristics. The type of this study is library research. It evaluates and criticizes the basis of equality in bisexual education through a descriptive and analytical method, with an approach to Islamic ethics based on the Islamic sources, as well as the sources related to the main subject, including psychology, sociology and women’s studies. The findings of this study show that the Islamic ethics considers men and women, due to their commonalities in terms of value, as equal in value, but regards them as having special duties due to their difference, talents and abilities - as a natural right. Paying attention and observing them will lead to the achievement of the happiness for the individual and the society. Islamic ethics does not accept such similarity based on the men’s and women’s genetic equality in creation.

Museums are an important part of the peoples’ culture, as they are the visible part of their culture, history and trends, but rather they are one of the cultural organizations that build and reflect the awareness of societies at the same time, moreover being an important part of cultural tourism linked to the culture of society.Nowadays ,the development and digital media led to the need of emphasizing the museums’ identity as a cultural organization and its extension in digital world and to find innovative communication methods as a strategic option to interact with the receiver and emphasize identity with these changes in order to ensure its existence and continuity and keep the receiver loyalty thus enrich the visual culture. Technology has given the visual identities design a great opportunity for creativity and clearness, diverse and flexibleResearch problem: What are the structural elements of dynamic identity and the methods of their application.Research objective: 1- The lack of studies about museums identity in general and dynamic identity in particular2- Applying modern design methods in building a dynamic identity for museums that reflect their value and originality and have the ability to change and adapt with traditional and modern digital mediaFor this purpose, the research follows the descriptive approach based on collecting information to build a theoretical framework based on previous and analytical studies for the visual identities of some international museums

Background and Aims: Nowadays, the use of energizing substances has become a complex complicated problem in sports and causes damage to various tissues., on the other hand However, sports activity has a significant impact on controlling and improving oxidative stress factors and inflammatory indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight- weeks of resistance training on lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the heart tissue of rats exposed to stanazol. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male rats with a weight range of 150-200 g and a mean age of 8 weeks were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each), namely 1) control (C), 2) sham (Sh), 3) consumption of stanazol (S), and 4) consumption of stanazol together with resistance training (S+RT). During eight weeks, both groups of 3 and 4 received 5 mg/kg stanazol intraperitoneally daily; however, group 4 performed resistance training three times a week with an intensity of 30%-100% of their body weight. A one-way variance analysis and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data (P

Abstract Background Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may develop symptoms of shortness of breathing due to diastolic dysfunction which is not related to the severity of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. As these patients usually develop a non-ischemic pattern of myocardial fibrosis, this may represent a mechanism for increased myocardial stiffness leading to impaired diastolic filling. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of myocardial fibrosis assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and to evaluate its relationship with echocardiographic parameters including left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and to find echocardiographic indices which correlates with myocardial fibrosis as detected by cardiac magnetic resonance. A cross-sectional study was done for data of 50 children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from July 2018 to July 2021, patients were divided into (group 1) having myocardial fibrosis and (group 2) with no myocardial fibrosis, and results of echocardiographic parameters were compared between the two groups. Results Results showed strong relationship between presence of myocardial fibrosis and each of the following: Interventricular septum thickness, lower lateral and septal early diastolic tissue velocities (E′), E/E′ ratio, presence of left ventricular out flow tract obstruction and the grade of diastolic dysfunction. Conclusions The trans-mitral lateral and septal E/E′ (early mitral inflow to early diastolic mitral annular velocity ratio) allows early detection of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction is higher in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The diastolic dysfunction severity is higher in patients with myocardial fibrosis.

The tailored physical properties of TiO2 are of significant importance in various fields and, as such, numerous methods for modifying these properties have been introduced. In this study, we present a novel method for doping Fe into TiO2 via the anodic dissolution of iron. The optimal conditions were determined to be an application of 200 V to acetylacetone (acac)/EtOH medium for 10 min, followed by the addition of TiO2 to the solution, sonication for 30 min, stirring at 80 °C, and drying. The resulting powder was calcined at 400 °C for 3 h, and characterization was conducted using XRD, FTIR, TEM, and UV-vis. The synthesized powder revealed the successful doping of Fe into the TiO2 structure, resulting in a decrease in the optical band gap from 3.22 to 2.92 eV. The Fe-TiO2 was then deposited on a metal substrate via the electrophoretic (EPD) technique, and the weight of the deposited layer was measured as a function of the applied voltage and exposure time. FESEM images and EDX analysis confirmed that the deposited layer was nanostructured, with Fe evenly distributed throughout the structure.

{AR} يتناول هذا البحث تمثالاً ملكياً جماعياً رباعياً يمثل الملك ( سنوسرت الأول ،أمنمحات الأول ، منتوحتب الثانى، سنفرو؟)، من الحجر الرملى وهو فى فى حالة سيئة ، محفوظ حاليا فى المتحف المصرى الكبير GEM1334 ، وقد عثر عليه فى معبد سرابيط الخادم للإلهة حتحور(جنوب سيناء) صالة الأعمدة، والتمثالُ إهداء من الملك "سنوسرت الأول" لإحياء ذكرى الأسلاف وهو عبارة عن تمثال ملكى لأربعة ملوك فى وضع الجلوس مستندين على ركبهم بجوار بعضهم البعض، وأيديهم مفرودة على مائدة قرابين والرؤوس مفقودة، وتتمحور إشكالية البحث حول ماهية التمثال الأخير، إذ نتيجة حالة التمثالُ فُقد الاسم الأخير للملك وتعددت الآراء حول ما إذا كان يمثل الملك سنفرو أم يُمثل الملك منتوحتب الثالث . {EN } The research studies a quartet royal statue representing the king (Senusret I - Amenemhat I - Mentuhotep II - and Sneferu?). It was made out of Sandstone, in poor condition, and currently preserved in the Grand Egyptian Museum GEM1334-SR3/9796. It was discovered in the pillared hall of Hathor temple at Serabit al-Khadim (South Sinai). The statue is a gift from King "Senusret the First" to commemorate the ancestors. It is a royal statue of four kings in a sitting position, kneeling next to each other, with their hands spread out on an offering table, and their heads are missed. The condition of the final statue is a matter of concern due to its poor condition, its name was missed, and there were many opinions about whether it represented King Sneferu or King Mentuhotep III.

Abstract In this investigation, surface modification toughening of partially stabilized zirconia ceramics, by sub-eutectoid solution annealing, has been performed. The Zr0.918Mg0.068Y0.014O1.925 designated (MZY) was prepared by mixing Magnesia Partially Stabilized Zirconia (MZ9) and Yttria Tetragonal Zirconia (TZ3Y) Polycrystal commercial powders using wet ball milling. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the MZY were investigated. XRD and SEM were used for phase analysis and microstructure examination of the sintered samples’ surfaces. The fracture toughness and hardness of the sintered compacts were determined by the Vickers indentation technique. The physical and mechanical properties of MZY were compared to those of MZ9 ceramics prepared under the same conditions. The results showed that, the Yttria addition inhibited the exaggerated growth of the tetragonal precipitates during sintering. The MZY showed a maximum in the fracture toughness of 12.9 MPa√m upon sub-eutectoid solution annealing at 1000 °C for 150 h, while the tetragonal precipitates in the MZ9 lost coherence due to their spontaneous massive transformation to the monoclinic phase via the decomposition reaction.

Abstract Chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia are important risk factors in developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the most dangerous syndromes in coronary heart disease. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered equal to coronary heart disease owing to the high cardiac risk induced by chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia. The neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) is a novel and straightforward marker that reflects inflammation and lipid metabolic disorder. However, few studies have been on the role of NHR in assessing the risk of ACS in T2DM patients. Here we analyzed NHR level in ACS patients with T2DM, exploring its predictive and diagnostic values. 211 hospitalized ACS patients with T2DM were recruited as the case group, and 168 hospitalized T2DM patients as the control group (all patients collected from 6/2020 to 12/2021 in Xiangya Hospital). Biochemical test results and echocardiograms, as well as demographic information such as age, BMI, diabetes mellitus, smoking, drinking, and history of hypertension, were recorded. Frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to describe the data. The shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the data. Normally distributed data were compared using the independent sample T-test, and non-normally distributed data were compared using Mann–Whitney U test. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed by SPSS version 24.0 (SPSS Inc) and GraphPad Prism 9.0 (GraphPad Software Inc). p

Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the possible effects of fetuin-A on an adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) model in male rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: group A included rats fed a normal diet; group B included rats fed a normal diet with 220 mg/kg adenine daily for 21 days; group C included rats fed a normal diet with 220 mg/kg adenine daily for 21 days and intraperitoneally administered with 5 mg\kg fetuin-A every other day for 2 weeks. Serum samples were assayed for serum creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and immunohistochemical staining was performed.Results: Group B showed a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, phosphorus, potassium, TNF, and IL-6 and a significant decrease in serum sodium, calcium, and eGFR compared with group A. Regarding immunohistochemistry, group B showed increased apoptosis. In group C, fetuin-A reduced the urea, creatinine, and phosphorus levels, and in group C, fetuin-A decreased inflammation and apoptosis by reduction of caspase-3 staining.Conclusion: Fetuin-A improved kidney function in CKD due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic role.

Abstract Aims Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major cause of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Berberine (BBR) presents anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in many diseases. Our research looked into the therapeutic effects and mechanism of BBR in MIRI. Methods and results MIRI animal and cell models were established. The mRNA and protein expressions were assessed using reverse transcription and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The haemodynamic parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular ejection fraction) were detected by echocardiography. The myocardial infarct size and myocardium lesion were assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride and haematoxylin–eosin staining. The levels of injury factors were determined by ELISA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling staining was performed to analyse cell apoptosis. Dual luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were carried out to verify the interaction between miR‐340‐5p and HMGB1. BBR administration could improve the haemodynamic parameters and infarct size in MIRI rats (all P