294 results on '"Risk profiling"'
Search Results
102. Commentary regarding prognostic profiling of children with serious postoperative complications: A novel probability model for failure to rescue
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Max R. Langham
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Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Failure to rescue ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Prognosis ,Probability model ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Humans ,Medicine ,Profiling (information science) ,Surgery ,Postoperative Period ,Child ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Probability - Abstract
This is a commentary on the manuscript by Mpody C, Arends J, Aldrink J, et al., titled "Prognostic Profiling of Children with Serious Post-Operative Complications: A Novel Probability Model for Failure to Rescue".
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- 2021
103. Personalized Risk-Profiling for Acute Leukemia Patients Undergoing Haploidentical Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Study on Behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT
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José Luis Díez-Martín, Myriam Labopin, Yener Koc, Arnon Nagler, Joshua A Fein, Benedetto Bruno, Jurjen Versluis, Emanuele Angelucci, Simona Sica, Roni Shouval, Mohamad Mohty, Didier Blaise, Stella Santarone, William Arcese, Fabio Ciceri, and Johanna Tischer
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Risk profiling ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Acute leukemia ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ,Biochemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Background: Prediction of patient outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a tenacious problem. An important limitation of current prediction models is the heterogeneity in outcome even among similar cases. We introduce a novel approach to individualizing estimates of leukemia-free survival (LFS) in acute leukemia patients undergoing haploidentical (haplo) HSCT. Methods: Data were obtained from the registry of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation for all cases of haplo HSCT for acute leukemia performed between 2011 and 2017. Patients receiving ex-vivo T-cell depleted grafts were excluded. Acute myeloid leukemia patients were classified by clinical disease ontogeny (de novo vs. secondary), cytogenetics, and FLT3-ITD/NPM1mut status; acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients by disease status and the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. Common patient and transplantation parameters including recipient age, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), time from diagnosis to transplantation, conditioning and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis were included. Data were split into training and geographic validation sets. Results: A total of 2,001 patients was included in the training set and another 270 in the validation cohort. In the training set, the median age was 50 years; 68% of patients were in complete remission, and 69% had a KPS ≥ 90; 87% received post-transplant cyclophosphamide and 13% antithymocyte globulin for GvHD prophylaxis. To provide the clinician insight on outcomes of similar patients, we developed a descriptive tool to visually explore outcomes of cases with comparable features. We next generated 50 random survival forest models for the prediction of 1-year LFS. In contrast to single point-estimates, the ensemble of 50 models generates a prediction interval accounting for predictive uncertainty. There was heterogeneity of variable importance between models, with either disease status or KPS leading in all models (Figure A). The model was well calibrated (Figure B); the median c-statistic was 0.64 on the validation set. An online interface presents the individual outcomes of the fifteen patients most similar to the index case, the prediction interval, and a visualization of all 50 survival forest predictions. Predictions for a sample patient are shown in Figure (C). Conclusions: We present the first system for individualized prediction of leukemia-free survival following T-cell replete haplo transplantation. A key, novel component of the model, distinguishing it from standard risk scores, is that it provides a measure of predictive certainty. This is essential for judging the robustness of prediction. Our approach is applicable to other clinical settings and can be used for designing risk-guided interventions and for informing patients and clinicians. Figure Disclosures Labopin: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria. Blaise:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria. Sica:F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Other: All authors received support for third-party writing assistance, furnished by Scott Battle, PhD, provided by F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland., Research Funding. Mohty:Stemline: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
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- 2020
104. S0101 Clinical and Demographic Predictors of Rapidly Progressive Disease in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Risk Profiling From the National Cancer Database
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Holly N. Blackburn, Nicholas V. Peters, John W. Kunstman, Nita Ahuja, Leah M. Ferrucci, Lee Ying, and Ysabel C. Ilagan-Ying
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Risk profiling ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,In patient ,business ,Progressive disease - Published
- 2020
105. Research on Spatial-temporal Spread and Risk Profile of the COVID-19 Epidemic Based on Mobile Phone Trajectory Data.
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Zuo Q, Du J, Di B, Zhou J, Zhang L, Liu H, and Hou X
- Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic poses a significant challenge to the operation of society and the resumption of work and production. How to quickly track the resident location and activity trajectory of the population, and identify the spread risk of the COVID-19 in geospatial space has important theoretical and practical significance for controlling the spread of the virus on a large scale. In this study, we take the geographical community as the research object, and use the mobile phone trajectory data to construct the spatiotemporal profile of the potential high-risk population. First, by using the spatiotemporal data collision method, identify, and recover the trajectories of the people who were in the same area with the confirmed patients during the same time. Then, based on the range of activities of both cohorts (the confirmed cases and the potentially infected groups), we analyze the risk level of the relevant places and evaluate the scale of potential spread. Finally, we calculate the probability of infection for different communities and construct the spatiotemporal profile for the transmission to help guide the distribution of preventive materials and human resources. The proposed method is verified using survey data of 10 confirmed cases and statistical data of 96 high-risk neighborhoods in Chengdu, China, between 15 January 2020 and 15 February 2020. The analysis finds that the method accurately simulates the spatiotemporal spread of the epidemic in Chengdu and measures the risk level in specific areas, which provides an objective basis for the government and relevant parties to plan and manage the prevention and control of the epidemic., Competing Interests: JZ was employed by Chengdu Fangwei Technology Co., Ltd. LZ was employed by Sichuan Chuanda Zhisheng System Integration Co., Ltd. XH was employed by SinoMaps Press Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zuo, Du, Di, Zhou, Zhang, Liu and Hou.)
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- 2022
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106. Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal
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- 2019
107. Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal
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- 2019
108. Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal
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- 2019
109. A decision-support framework for industrial waste management in the iron and steel industry: A case study in Southern Africa
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Paul J Oberholster, Yolandi Schoeman, and Vernon Somerset
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Risk profiling ,Decision support system ,Environmental Engineering ,Circular economy ,Waste management ,General Chemical Engineering ,Annual average ,STREAMS ,Industrial waste ,TA170-171 ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Waste generation ,Manufacturing ,Chemical engineering ,Iron and steel ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Industrial waste management ,Decision-support framework ,TP155-156 ,Engineering (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the waste characteristics and management activities in the iron and steel industry in Southern Africa based on a case study in South Africa. A four-phased decision-support framework (DSF) has been suggested to approach industrial waste management in Southern Africa’s iron and steel industry, consisting of a desktop-based waste management audit, waste generation investigation, waste streams sampling and analysis, and waste risk profiling. Results indicate that the global average of 0.3 tons of waste generated per ton of crude steel produced is exceeded. Annual average process waste generation amounted to 1510 million tons, and general waste generation amounted to 872 tons, with respective recycling rates of 22% for process waste and 40% for general waste. Furthermore, 54% of the waste streams were found to have a moderate to high-risk profile, where the rest of the waste streams were found to have a low-risk profile. The suggested DSF, as a guide, can lead to decision outcomes to position industrial waste management in the iron and steel industry in Africa towards a circular economy.
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- 2021
110. Sa473 RISK PROFILING OF UNAFFECTED MEMBERS OF FAMILIES WITH A HISTORY OF IBD USING SEROLOGY SCORE, DYSBIOSIS SCORE, POLYGENIC RISK SCORE, AND FECAL CALPROTECTIN
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Elizabeth A. Spencer, Pamela Reyes Mercedes, Carol J. Landers, Philip Debbas, Gerold Bongers, Drew Helmus, Esi Lamouse-Smith, Jan Wehkamp, Judy H. Cho, Marla Dubinsky, Jonathan P. Jacobs, Jeremiah J. Faith, Jonathan Braun, Amy B. Hart, Kyle Gettler, and Jean-Frederic Colombel
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Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,medicine.disease ,Serology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Polygenic risk score ,Calprotectin ,business ,Dysbiosis ,Feces - Published
- 2021
111. Identifying High-Dimensional Biomarkers for Personalized Medicine via Variable Importance Ranking.
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Baek, Songjoon, Moon, Hojin, Ahn, Hongshik, Kodell, RalphL., Lin, Chien-Ju, and Chen, JamesJ.
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RANKING (Statistics) , *BIOMARKERS , *ORDER statistics , *PROGNOSIS , *DIAGNOSIS , *THERAPEUTICS , *CLINICAL medicine , *MATHEMATICS , *MATHEMATICAL statistics - Abstract
We apply robust classification algorithms to high-dimensional genomic data to find biomarkers, by analyzing variable importance, that enable a better diagnosis of disease, an earlier intervention, or a more effective assignment of therapies. The goal is to use variable importance ranking to isolate a set of important genes that can be used to classify life-threatening diseases with respect to prognosis or type to maximize efficacy or minimize toxicity in personalized treatment of such diseases. A ranking method and present several other methods to select a set of important genes to use as genomic biomarkers is proposed, and the performance of the selection procedures in patient classification by cross-validation is evaluated. The various selection algorithms are applied to published high-dimensional genomic data sets using several well-known classification methods. For each data set, a set of genes selected on the basis of variable importance that performed the best in classification is reported. That classification algorithm with the proposed ranking method is shown to be competitive with other selection methods for discovering genomic biomarkers underlying both adverse and efficacious outcomes for improving individualized treatment of patients for life-threatening diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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112. Ensemble methods for classification of patients for personalized medicine with high-dimensional data
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Moon, Hojin, Ahn, Hongshik, Kodell, Ralph L., Baek, Songjoon, Lin, Chien-Ju, and Chen, James J.
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence in medicine , *ALGORITHMS , *COMPUTERS in medicine , *SET theory , *CLASSIFICATION , *GENETIC software , *CANCER treatment - Abstract
Summary: Objective: Personalized medicine is defined by the use of genomic signatures of patients in a target population for assignment of more effective therapies as well as better diagnosis and earlier interventions that might prevent or delay disease. An objective is to find a novel classification algorithm that can be used for prediction of response to therapy in order to help individualize clinical assignment of treatment. Methods and materials: Classification algorithms are required to be highly accurate for optimal treatment on each patient. Typically, there are numerous genomic and clinical variables over a relatively small number of patients, which presents challenges for most traditional classification algorithms to avoid over-fitting the data. We developed a robust classification algorithm for high-dimensional data based on ensembles of classifiers built from the optimal number of random partitions of the feature space. The software is available on request from the authors. Results: The proposed algorithm is applied to genomic data sets on lymphoma patients and lung cancer patients to distinguish disease subtypes for optimal treatment and to genomic data on breast cancer patients to identify patients most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. The performance of the proposed algorithm is consistently ranked highly compared to the other classification algorithms. Conclusion: The statistical classification method for individualized treatment of diseases developed in this study is expected to play a critical role in developing safer and more effective therapies that replace one-size-fits-all drugs with treatments that focus on specific patient needs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2007
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113. Focusing on kidneys and platelets in acute coronary syndromes: pre hoc and post hoc risk profiling
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Francesco Versaci, Giacomo Frati, and Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
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Blood Platelets ,Risk profiling ,Ticagrelor ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Post hoc ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Kidney ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Platelet ,Acute Coronary Syndrome ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - Published
- 2020
114. Risk profiling of airline pilots: Experience, temperamental traits and aggression
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Piotr Makarowski, Mieczysław Plopa, Ryszard Makarowski, and Tomasz Smolicz
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030110 physiology ,0301 basic medicine ,Risk profiling ,Aggression ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Transportation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,03 medical and health sciences ,Stress (linguistics) ,medicine ,Temperament ,Operations management ,Psychological aspects ,Big Five personality traits ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Law ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
It has been assumed that the greater the number of flying hours, the better the pilot is at solving problems. The studies suggest, however, that this issue is more complex. What is important is not only a pilot’s experience but also their personality traits such as temperament, aggression, and risk-taking tendencies, which all influence how the pilot reacts under stress. After examining 112 pilots of passenger planes, we found that individuals characterized by a high need for stimulation seek situations, consciously or not, of excessive or unnecessary risk to achieve the right level of stimulation. In terms of their psychological characteristics, the study also revealed that some pilots are less predisposed to be airline pilots.
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- 2016
115. Risk profiling in atrial fibrillation
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K. Khokhar, Prashanthan Sanders, Dominik Linz, Dennis H. Lau, Cardiologie, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Cardiologie (9), RS: Carim - H01 Clinical atrial fibrillation, and RS: CARIM - R2.01 - Clinical atrial fibrillation
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Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Text mining ,Editorial ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Atrial fibrillation ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease ,Value (mathematics) - Published
- 2019
116. Prediction of hookworm prevalence in southern India using environmental parameters derived from Landsat 8 remotely sensed data
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Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kaliappan, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Elena N. Naumova, Alexandra V. Kulinkina, Gagandeep Kang, Yvonne Walz, Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur, Rajiv Sarkar, and Honorine D. Ward
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0301 basic medicine ,Risk profiling ,Ancylostomatoidea ,030231 tropical medicine ,India ,Biology ,Article ,law.invention ,Environmental data ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hookworm Infections ,Soil ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Risk Factors ,Water index ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Models, Statistical ,Elevation ,Neglected Diseases ,Field (geography) ,Random forest ,Variable (computer science) ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Parasitology ,Cartography - Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminth infections propagate poverty and slow economic growth in low-income countries. As with many other neglected tropical diseases, environmental conditions are important determinants of soil-transmitted helminth transmission. Hence, remotely sensed data are commonly utilised in spatial risk models intended to inform control strategies. In the present study, we build upon the existing modelling approaches by utilising fine spatial resolution Landsat 8 remotely sensed data in combination with topographic variables to predict hookworm prevalence in a hilly tribal area in southern India. Hookworm prevalence data collected from two field surveys were used in a random forest model to investigate the predictive capacity of 15 environmental variables derived from two remotely sensed images acquired during dry and rainy seasons. A variable buffer radius (100–1000 m) was applied to the point-prevalence locations in order to integrate environmental conditions around the village centroids into the modelling approach and understand where transmission is more likely. Elevation and slope were the most important variables in the models, with lower elevation and higher slope correlating with higher transmission risk. A modified normalised difference water index was among other recurring important variables, likely responsible for some seasonal differences in model performance. The 300 m buffer distance produced the best model performance in this setting, with another spike at 700 m, and a marked drop-off in R2 values at 1000 m. In addition to assessing a large number of environmental correlates with hookworm transmission, the study contributes to the development of standardised methods of spatial linkage of continuous environmental data with point-based disease prevalence measures for the purpose of spatially explicit risk profiling.
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- 2019
117. Hemodynamic and mechanical complications of acute coronary syndromes: risk profiling, prevention and treatment
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Christiaan J. Vrints
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Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Critical Care ,business.industry ,Hemodynamics ,Shock, Cardiogenic ,General Medicine ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Global Health ,Survival Rate ,Text mining ,medicine ,Humans ,Human medicine ,Acute Coronary Syndrome ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Intensive care medicine - Published
- 2019
118. CSIR launches novel online climate risk profiling and adaptation tool: The Green Book
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Amy Pieterse, Willemien Van Niekerk, and Alize Le Roux
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Climate change ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Scientific evidence ,adaptation actions ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,Political science ,Human settlement ,Profiling (information science) ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,lcsh:Science ,lcsh:Science (General) ,Environmental planning ,Emergency management ,online planning tool ,business.industry ,Climate risk ,risk profiling ,Industrial research ,lcsh:H ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,south african settlements ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:H1-99 ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,International development ,green book ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has recently launched a state-of-the-art online climate risk profiling and adaptation tool to assist municipalities across South Africa to assess their risk and vulnerabilities, and respond by adapting settlements to climate change. The Green Book looks forwards to the year 2050 by projecting settlement growth combined with quantitative, scientific evidence of the likely impacts that climate change will have on South African towns and cities and its key resources. The tool provides appropriate adaptation measures to be considered for implementation towards the development of climate resilient settlements. The ultimate goal of the Green Book is to contribute to resilient, sustainable and liveable South African settlements through climate change adaptation. Co-funded by the Canadian International Development Research Centre and the CSIR and produced in collaboration with South Africa’s National Disaster Management Centre, the Green Book is the result of a 3-year initiative. More than 50 researchers and numerous stakeholders and reviewers were involved in producing the Green Book and reviewing its findings.
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- 2019
119. Synthesising the Geography of Opportunity in Rural Irish Primary Schools
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Gillian Golden
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Risk profiling ,education.field_of_study ,Social profile ,Public economics ,Irish ,Population ,The Right to Privacy ,language ,Microdata (statistics) ,Policy initiatives ,Census ,education ,language.human_language - Abstract
Demand is growing for data-driven tools which can provide greater understanding of societal challenges. Synthetic populations generated from publicly-held microdata offer potential for policymakers to gain insight into pressing policy issues while respecting the right to privacy of the citizen. This paper offers an example of an application of synthetic populations to generate a social profile of primary school children in rural Ireland. A spatially explicit school population is developed using a novel approach; employing combinatorial optimisation techniques on full coverage census microdata, and information on school location and enrolment. The resulting population provides a realistic portrait of rural educational risk across Ireland and can be used for spatial risk profiling, as the basis for an agent-based model, and to simulate the possible impact of a variety of policy initiatives aimed at improving equity in the education system.
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- 2019
120. Research Foundation Review 2018
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Martin S. Fridson, Theodore R. Aronson, Nelson Lacey, Bud Haslett, Thomas M. Idzorek, Ying L. Becker, Ronald N. Kahn, Donald R. Chambers, James X. Xiong, Joanne M. Hill, Paul D. Kaplan, Joachim Klement, Laurence B. Siegel, Paul Smith, Roger G. Ibbotson, Marc R. Reinganum, Michael Greis, Elke U. Weber, Mauro Costa Miranda, Momtchil Pojarliev, and Keith H. Black
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Risk profiling ,Latin Americans ,business.industry ,Political science ,Financial crisis ,Quantitative investing ,Foundation (evidence) ,Accounting ,Currency hedging ,business ,Popularity - Abstract
[The Research Foundation Review 2018 summarizes the offerings from the CFA Institute Research Foundation over the past year—books, literature reviews, workshop presentations, and other relevant material.
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- 2019
121. Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal
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Aminata Niang-Diène, Guéladio Cissé, Sokhna Thiam, Penelope Vounatsou, Jürg Utzinger, and Anna-Sofie Stensgaard
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Diarrhea ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Conditional autoregressive ,Risk profiling ,Health (social science) ,030231 tropical medicine ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Bayesian probability ,Psychological intervention ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Disease ,Disease cluster ,03 medical and health sciences ,Age Distribution ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Water Supply ,Environmental health ,Spatial pattern ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Spatial Analysis ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Infant ,Bayes Theorem ,Diarrhoea ,Senegal ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Geography ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Bayesian conditional autoregressive models ,Child, Preschool ,Relative risk ,Spatial ecology ,Female ,lcsh:Geography (General) - Abstract
Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea.
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- 2019
122. Sources of Microbial Contamination and Risk Profiling
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Tim Sandle
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Risk profiling ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Microbial contamination - Published
- 2019
123. Genetic Risk Prediction in IBD
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Urko M. Marigorta
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Risk profiling ,Estimation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Disease Presentation ,business.industry ,medicine ,Disease management (health) ,Genetic risk ,Intensive care medicine ,Precision medicine ,business ,Disease prognosis ,Genetic association - Abstract
An emerging objective in the IBD community is to gear the findings from genome-wide association studies towards achieving precision medicine. The main goal of this new model of disease management is to adapt clinical practice to the needs of each patient. This includes, among others, obtaining more detailed characterizations of disease presentation at diagnosis, better prediction of disease prognosis that permits to anticipate and adapt management to variations in symptomatology, and tailoring treatment to individual needs. In this chapter, we will introduce the methodology for estimation of disease risk using genetic data from individuals and discuss the potential and main challenges for using genomic risk profiling as a predictive tool that can pave the way for adoption of precision medicine-based approaches in the clinical management of IBD.
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- 2019
124. Redefining the measure of success: a historical and comparative look at charity regulation
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Oonagh B. Breen
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Risk profiling ,Singapore ,Annual budget ,Measure (data warehouse) ,Dissemination of key achievements to stakeholder constituencies ,Regulatory Agency size and resources ,Public economics ,Range (biology) ,Charity registers ,Common law ,Reporting requirements ,Australia ,England and Wales ,Northern Ireland ,Regulatory cost ,Northern ireland ,Individual agency perspectives on successful regulation ,Charity regulation ,Scotland ,Political science ,Maturity of registration and enforcement processes ,Ireland ,New Zealand - Abstract
This chapter focuses on three questions in its quest to better understand the historical and comparative perspectives of charity regulation. Accepting the traditional rationales for such regulation, it first explores the question of ‘how we regulate’ followed by the interrelated question of the associated cost of such regulation. Finally, the chapter examines the important issues concerning how we currently (or could better) measure the success of charity regulatory efforts. The paper draws upon the experiences of charity regulators in a range of common law countries across the UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. Ian Potter Foundation Fellowship
- Published
- 2018
125. Cardiovascular risk profiling of long‐lived people shows peculiar associations with mortality compared with younger individuals
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Daniela Pellegrino, Daniele La Russa, Alberto Montesanto, Sabrina Garasto, Silvana Geracitano, Andrea Corsonello, Vincenzo Mari, Giuseppe Passarino, and Fabrizia Lattanzio
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Male ,Risk profiling ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Longevity ,Population ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Aged ,media_common ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Successful aging ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Age Factors ,medicine.disease ,Blood pressure ,Italy ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Independent Living ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
AIM Centenarians represent a biological model of successful aging because they escaped/postponed most invalidating age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether a favorable cardiovascular risk profile increases the survival chances in long-lived people. METHODS A total of 355 community-dwelling nonagenarians and centenarians living in Southern Italy were recruited in the study. Patients were classified as at low and high cardiovascular risk on the basis of serum cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension and smoking status. The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year mortality was investigated by Cox regression analysis. Splines-based hazard ratio curves were also estimated for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RESULTS Low levels of selected cardiovascular risk factors usually associated with lower mortality in adults do not increase survival chances among oldest-old individuals. In particular, after adjusting for age, sex, and cognitive, functional and nutritional status, serum cholesterol >200 mg/dL increased the survival chances during the follow-up period (hazard ratio 0.742, 95% CI 0.572-0.963). CONCLUSIONS The present results showed that in nonagenarians and centenarians, the clinical and prognostic meaning associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors is very different from younger populations. Consequently, considering the increase of this population segment, further studies are required to confirm these results and to translate them into clinical practice/primary care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 165-170.
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- 2018
126. Dynamic Risk Profiling Using Serial Tumor Biomarkers for Personalized Outcome Prediction
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Davide Rossi, Mark Roschewski, Olivier Casasnovas, David M. Kurtz, Jasmin Bahlo, Joanne Soo, Maximilian Diehn, Wyndham H. Wilson, Michael C. Jin, Anton W. Langerak, Robert Tibshirani, Sebastian Böttcher, Gianluca Gaidano, Chih Long Liu, Andreas Hüttmann, Aaron M. Newman, Jason R. Westin, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Michael Hallek, Ulrich Dührsen, Florian Scherer, Ash A. Alizadeh, Matthais Ritgen, and Immunology
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Oncology ,Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medizin ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Breast Neoplasms ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Biology ,Risk Assessment ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Circulating Tumor DNA ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tumor Biomarkers ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Precision Medicine ,030304 developmental biology ,Predictive biomarker ,Proportional Hazards Models ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Neoadjuvant Therapy ,Progression-Free Survival ,Treatment Outcome ,Female ,Personalized medicine ,Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ,business ,Risk assessment ,Outcome prediction ,Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Algorithms - Abstract
Summary Accurate prediction of long-term outcomes remains a challenge in the care of cancer patients. Due to the difficulty of serial tumor sampling, previous prediction tools have focused on pretreatment factors. However, emerging non-invasive diagnostics have increased opportunities for serial tumor assessments. We describe the Continuous Individualized Risk Index (CIRI), a method to dynamically determine outcome probabilities for individual patients utilizing risk predictors acquired over time. Similar to “win probability” models in other fields, CIRI provides a real-time probability by integrating risk assessments throughout a patient’s course. Applying CIRI to patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma, we demonstrate improved outcome prediction compared to conventional risk models. We demonstrate CIRI’s broader utility in analogous models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and breast adenocarcinoma and perform a proof-of-concept analysis demonstrating how CIRI could be used to develop predictive biomarkers for therapy selection. We envision that dynamic risk assessment will facilitate personalized medicine and enable innovative therapeutic paradigms.
- Published
- 2018
127. Daylight photodynamic therapy for field cancerization: lessons from molecular biology
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B. Novak, Lutz Schmitz, Max Rybarski, and Thomas Dirschka
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Risk profiling ,Skin Neoplasms ,Light ,Keratosis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pain ,Photodynamic therapy ,Dermatology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Severe pain ,Photosensitizing Agents ,business.industry ,Standard treatment ,Aminolevulinic Acid ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Alternative treatment ,Keratosis, Actinic ,Regimen ,Treatment Outcome ,030104 developmental biology ,Photochemotherapy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Field cancerization ,business - Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AKs) represent in-situ squamous cell carcinomas that potentially invade subepidermal structures and may metastasize. Until now, it is unpredictable to determine which AK lesions show this aggressive behavior. As AKs usually occur in large sun exposed areas, field-directed treatments have become the standard treatment regimen. Among these, conventional photodynamic therapy (cPDT) with 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) using red light is particularly effective in the treatment of AKs, but acceptance of the therapy is impaired by severe pain during treatment. Daylight PDT (dPDT) has demonstrated to be an equally effective alternative treatment option which is less painful. Recent attempts to determine the risk of AKs that demonstrate particular aggressive biological behavior by implementation of clinical and histological characteristics of AKs have not lead to conclusive results. Therefore, a look at the molecular biology of AKs could serve as a useful tool to develop a risk profiling for separation of those patients that are of particular risk to develop invasive tumor and, by this, to facilitate a more effective and adapted treatment option.
- Published
- 2018
128. Trauma Risk Score Also Predicts Blood Transfusion Requirements in Hip Fracture Patients
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Rown Parola, Kenneth A. Egol, Cody R. Perskin, R Jonathan Robitsek, Sanjit R. Konda, and Abhishek Ganta
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Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood transfusion ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Original Manuscript ,risk stratification ,Geriatric trauma ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,transfusion ,Orthopedic surgery ,Hip fracture ,business.industry ,Rehabilitation ,RC952-954.6 ,medicine.disease ,Trauma risk ,STTGMA ,Geriatrics ,hip fracture ,Risk stratification ,Emergency medicine ,Surgery ,geriatric trauma ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study is to determine if the risk of receiving a blood transfusion during hip fracture hospitalization can be predicted by a validated risk profiling score (Score for Trauma Triage in Geriatric and Middle Aged (STTGMA)). Materials and Methods A consecutive series of 1449 patients 55 years and older admitted for a hip fracture at one academic medical center were identified from a trauma database. The STTGMA risk score was calculated for each patient. Patients were stratified into risk groups based on their STTGMA score quantile: minimal risk (0–50%), low risk (50–80%), moderate risk (80–95%), and high risk (95–100%). Incidence and volume of blood transfusions were compared between risk groups. Results There were 562 (38.8%) patients who received a transfusion during their admission. 58.3% of patients in the high risk group received a transfusion during admission compared to 31.2% of minimal risk group patients, 42.6% of low risk group patients, and 50.0% of moderate risk group patients ( p < 0.001). STTGMA was predictive of first transfusion incidence in both the preoperative and postoperative periods. There was no difference in mean total transfusion volume between the four risk groups. Conclusion The STTGMA model is capable of risk stratifying hip fracture patients more likely to receive blood transfusions during hospitalization. Surgeons can use this tool to anticipate transfusion requirements.
- Published
- 2021
129. Disaster risk profiling in southern Africa: inventories, impacts and implications
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Jan Hofmeyr de Waal and Coleen Vogel
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0106 biological sciences ,Risk profiling ,Atmospheric Science ,Extreme climate ,Environmental change ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Disaster response ,01 natural sciences ,Risk profile ,010601 ecology ,Livelihood security ,Geography ,Natural hazard ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,business ,Environmental planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Enhanced ways to cope with climate change and environmental change are being made at various levels across the world. In the southern African region, despite the regions’ potential for economic growth, several disasters associated with climate stresses (particularly evidence made for repeated floods and droughts) can retard economic growth, development and livelihood security. In this paper, disaster inventories are argued to be useful ways of revealing nuanced analyses of extreme climate events and other challenges such as the spatial–temporal distribution of events and their impacts, particularly for vulnerable people groups. Despite repeated calls for vigilance about current and future climate variations and environmental change impacts, there are few detailed regional and country-specific inventories of disasters and records of subsequent humanitarian responses that record both impacts and possible implications of disaster events in the region. This paper draws together those data that do exist and offers a review of the occurrences, impacts and past responses to humanitarian crises in the region (for 14 countries over the period of 2000–2012). From this research a number of critical areas are profiled: first, the convergence of compound and complex shocks that occur simultaneously and/or sequentially is compounding disaster risks—including those associated with climate challenges. A review of international and regional UN agency, NGO and governmental reports all illustrates the need to articulate between internationally significant, ‘signature’ events and smaller, sub-national events with a higher recurrence interval that may be just as damaging to local communities. Second, the reach of disaster impacts is changing with the region becoming increasingly more mobile in terms of the movement patterns of people within countries and across borders, which brings with it new compound and complex threats such as cholera and measles outbreaks. Third, the nature of the changing disaster profile is placing strain on countries and the region. Sub-national disaster response due to personnel capacity limitations, at the national and municipal levels, is unable to effectively respond to and reduce risks associated with various shocks. In the paper, by providing an inventory of disasters and humanitarian responses in the southern African region, we point to the changing regional and national dimensions of the region’s disaster risk profile that, we suggest, will require a variety of responses.
- Published
- 2016
130. Beyond intima-media-thickness: Analysis of the carotid intima-media-roughness in a paediatric population
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Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss, Andreas Beyerlein, Renate Oberhoffer, Heidi Weberruß, Robert Dalla Pozza, Nikolaus A. Haas, Raphael Pirzer, and Heinrich Netz
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Male ,Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Carotid Artery, Common ,Physical fitness ,Cardiology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Individual risk ,Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ,Risk Assessment ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Age groups ,Reference Values ,Risk Factors ,Germany ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Ultrasonography ,business.industry ,Healthy Volunteers ,Surgery ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Intima-media thickness ,Reference values ,Subclinical atherosclerosis ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Paediatric population - Abstract
Background and aims: Subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by sonographic intima-media-thickness measurement of the carotid artery (cIMT) is considered to be an early precursor of cardiovascular disease already in childhood. Structural analysis of the carotid intimal layer (carotid intima-media-roughness, cIMR) improves cardiovascular risk profiling for the adult patient and has been shown to be increased also in paediatric patients with elevated cardiovascular risk. To date, normal values for the paediatric age are lacking. Thus, we present normative data for a paediatric age group. Methods: 602 healthy German school children (age 8-18 y) were studied, and cIMT and cIMR calculated;reference values were given for three age groups (group 1: 8-10.99 years;group 2: 11-13.99 years;group 3: 14-17.99 years). Results: cIMT values were: 0.48 +/- 0.03 mm for girls and boys in age group 1, 0.49 +/- 0.03 mm for girls and boys in age group 2;and 0.45 +/- 0.03 mm for girls and 0.49 +/- 0.03 mm for boys in age group 3;cIMR was 0.04 +/- 0.01 mm for both sexes in age group 1 and 3;while in age group 2, both sexes showed a cIMR of 0.03 +/- 0.01 mm. Physical fitness was significantly negatively correlated with cIMR (r = -0.212, p < 0.0001) and a strong predictor for cIMR increase. Conclusions: The normative data of cIMR for a paediatric age group presented here allow for the identification of patients at elevated cardiovascular risk. By including cIMR as surface analysis of the arterial wall, the individual risk stratification may be improved compared to thickness-analysis of the Intima-Media-Layer (cIMT) also at a paediatric age. (C) 2016 Published by ELSEVIER.
- Published
- 2016
131. Understanding and taxonomy of uncertainty in modeling, simulation, and risk profiling for border control automation
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Svetlana Yanushkevich, Martin Drahansky, Vlad Shmerko, and Shawn C. Eastwood
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Risk profiling ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Operations research ,business.industry ,Computer science ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Homeland security ,Bayesian network ,02 engineering and technology ,Automation ,Modeling and simulation ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Modeling and Simulation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business ,Engineering (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of trust in Modeling and Simulation (M&S) technologies, and uncertainty in applications to homeland security. The key goal of this paper is an extension of the notion of trusted M&S techniques for traveler risk assessment in mass-transit applications such as e-borders. Theories of uncertainty suggest that different understandings of uncertainty result in different mechanisms of its reduction. We show that a taxonomy of uncertainty that is accepted in philosophical studies, as well as the NATO methodology of uncertainty assessment (known as the Admiralty Code), can be useful in M&S. This paper overviews various approaches to M&S and focuses on a framework that is based on multi-source fusion mechanisms using Dempster–Shafer (DS) theory. The DS metric is useful for the development of simulators, recommender machines, and risk profilers when expert knowledge is given in an imprecise form. The difference between the Bayesian and DS metrics is introduced via a demonstrative experiment from the area of traveler risk assessment using a biometric-enabled watchlist.
- Published
- 2016
132. Cardiovascular risk profiling of patients of an Urban Health Centre of a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India
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Archana Ramalingam, T R Lakshmipriya, and Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
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Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Framingham Risk Score ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Tertiary care ,Teaching hospital ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cohen's kappa ,Family medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Urban health - Abstract
Background Addressing all modifiable risk factors in a composite manner, instead of treating individual risk factors is the current approach in the management of cardiovascular diseases. In patients, attending chronic disease clinic in Urban Health Centre (UHC) functioning under a tertiary care teaching hospital, this study aims to assess 10-year cardiovascular risk using ‘WHO/ISH Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Charts’ and ‘Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Profile using lipid levels’ and compare the level of agreement between the results obtained. Methodology A retrospective record review was carried out in urban chronic disease clinic during the months of May and June 2013. Records of 280 patients attending the Urban Health Centre were screened using a structured proforma and 180 of them were included subject to selection criteria. The analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS v 21. 10-year cardiovascular risk was calculated using the joint WHO/ISH charts and the General Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Profile charts. Level of agreement between the risk scores was compared using kappa statistics. Institution ethics committee approval was obtained before starting the project. Results 81.7% of the patients were women with a median age of 58 years. Less than half of the patients (45%) had hypertension and another 37.2% had both diabetes and hypertension. 71.6% of the patients had a Conclusion Framingham Risk Profile was found to identify more patients as belonging to the higher risk category as compared to WHO/ISH charts.
- Published
- 2016
133. Effectuality of Cleaning Workers' Training and Cleaning Enterprises' Chemical Health Hazard Risk Profiling
- Author
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Abdulqadir Mohamad Suleiman and Kristin Svendsen
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Risk profiling ,Risk level ,Chemical Health and Safety ,Priority setting ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Training (civil) ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,risk index ,Health hazard ,Environmental health ,Risk index ,cleaning enterprises ,Original Article ,Business ,hazards ranking ,workers' training ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,risk level ,Safety Research - Abstract
Background Goal-oriented communication of risk of hazards is necessary in order to reduce risk of workers' exposure to chemicals. Adequate training of workers and enterprise priority setting are essential elements. Cleaning enterprises have many challenges and the existing paradigms influence the risk levels of these enterprises. Methods Information on organization and enterprises' prioritization in training programs was gathered from cleaning enterprises. A measure of enterprises' conceptual level of importance of chemical health hazards and a model for working out the risk index (RI) indicating enterprises' conceptual risk level was established and used to categorize the enterprises. Results In 72.3% of cases, training takes place concurrently with task performances and in 67.4% experienced workers conduct the trainings. There is disparity between employers' opinion on competence level of the workers and reality. Lower conceptual level of importance was observed for cleaning enterprises of different sizes compared with regional safety delegates and occupational hygienists. Risk index values show no difference in risk level between small and large enterprises. Conclusion Training of cleaning workers lacks the prerequisite for suitability and effectiveness to counter risks of chemical health hazards. There is dereliction of duty by management in the sector resulting in a lack of competence among the cleaning workers. Instituting acceptable easily attainable safety competence level for cleaners will conduce to risk reduction, and enforcement of attainment of the competence level would be a positive step. Copyright 2015, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- Published
- 2015
134. Investigating the possibility to use differentiated authentication based on risk profiling to secure online banking
- Author
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Rika Butler and Martin Butler
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Risk profiling ,User authentication ,Information Systems and Management ,Computer Networks and Communications ,business.industry ,Internet privacy ,Access control ,Usability ,Multi-factor authentication ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Chip Authentication Program ,Management Information Systems ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,The Internet ,Business ,Competence (human resources) ,computer ,Software ,Information Systems - Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to determine factors that could be used to create different authentication requirements for diverse online banking customers based on their risk profile. Online security remains a challenge to ensure safe transacting on the Internet. User authentication, a human-centric process, is regarded as the basis of computer security and hence secure access to online banking services. The increased use of technology to enforce additional actions has the ability to improve the quality of authentication and hence online security, but often at the expense of usability. The objective of this study was to determine factors that could be used to create different authentication requirements for diverse online banking customers based on their risk profile. Design/methodology/approach – A web-based survey was designed to determine online consumers’ competence resecure online behaviour, and this was used to quantify the online behaviour as more or less secure. The browsers used by consumers as well as their demographical data were correlated with the security profile of respondents to test for any significant variance in practice that could inform differentiated authentication. Findings – A statistical difference between behaviours based on some of the dependant variables was evident from the analysis. Based on the results, a case could be made to have different authentication methods for online banking customers based on both their browser selected (before individual identification) as well as demographical data (after identification) to ensure a safer online environment. Originality/value – The research can be used by the financial services sector to improve online security, where required, without necessarily reducing usability for more “security inclined” customers.
- Published
- 2015
135. Risk Identification and Decision Making for P2P Companies: An Empirical Study in the Bohai Coast Regions
- Author
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Yane Wang, Liyi Ma, Chengmei Ren, Yingxia Li, Dandan Li, and Hui Li
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Risk profiling ,Management fee ,Empirical research ,Ecology ,Zhàng ,Risk identification ,Business ,Environmental economics ,Bidding ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Ma, L.; Li, Y.; Li, D.; Li, H.; Wang, Y., and Ren, C., 2020. Risk identification and decision making for P2P companies: An empirical study in the Bohai Coast regions. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 191–196. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.This paper takes risk identification and risk profiling of new types of peer-to-peer (P2P) companies as the theme, efficiently integrates multidimensional variables, and builds a corporate risk identification model. On the basis of this model, it describes the risk profiling of P2P companies, thereby helping investors better identify corporate risks and reduce potential loss. This paper takes the data of 633 P2P platforms in the Bohai Coast regions extracted from the two authoritative websites of Wdzj and Tianyancha as examples, uses logistic regression models to analyze 16 variables in five dimensions, and draws the following conclusions: change log and platform transfer fees are significantly positively related to platform operating risks; platform background, platform management fees, and automatic bidding are significantly negatively related. Finally, it provides relevant recommendations on how investors choose a platform.
- Published
- 2020
136. Tu1838 COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING: ADDING RISK PROFILING TO FIT IDENTIFIES ADDITIONAL ADVANCED NEOPLASTIC LESIONS AND ENHANCES THE PREVENTIVE VALUE OF SCREENING
- Author
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Soh Ee Lee, Khean-Lee Goh, Jessica Y.L. Ching, Yoon Suk Jung, Han-Mo Chiu, Deng-Chyang Wu, Jose D. Sollano, Takahisa Matsuda, Hyun-Soo Kim, Calvin Jianyi Koh, Bryan Choo, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Khay Guan Yeoh, Joseph J.Y. Sung, and Zhu Feng
- Subjects
Risk profiling ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,Colorectal cancer screening ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Gastroenterology ,medicine ,business ,Value (mathematics) - Published
- 2020
137. Risk profiling for a refractory course of rheumatoid arthritis
- Author
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Daniel Aletaha, Josef S Smolen, Irina Gessl, Andreas Kerschbaumer, Michaela Loiskandl, G. Supp, Farideh Alasti, U Landesmann, Manuel Bécède, and Lukas Haupt
- Subjects
Risk profiling ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Logistic regression ,Risk Assessment ,Severity of Illness Index ,Time-to-Treatment ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Treatment targets ,Sex Factors ,Rheumatology ,Refractory ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Initial treatment ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Risk factor ,Aged ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Antirheumatic Agents ,Cohort ,Female ,business - Abstract
Despite modern therapeutics and treatment strategies, a subset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients remains insufficiently responsive to multiple therapies. Here, we identify predictors of such refractory RA ("reRA").Patients from a longitudinal academic clinical database with reRA (defined as failing to reach the treatment target of at least low disease activity with ≥3 DMARD courses, including ≥1 biological, over a total of ≥18 months) were compared to patients who did respond within the first two treatments (treatment amenable RA, "taRA"). We performed logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for refractory disease, and several sensitivity analyses concerning different potential definitions for reRA to confirm the robustness of the results; key findings were also validated in an independent community cohort.We enrolled 412 patients, of whom 70 were reRA and 102 taRA; 240 patients fulfilled neither definition. ReRA patients were more frequently female (92.9 vs. 70.6%, p 0.001), younger (44.37 vs. 51.14 years, p = 0.002), and had higher CDAI levels at first presentation (26.06 vs. 15.39, p 0.001). Treatment delay was significantly longer for reRA than for taRA (3.17 vs. 1.45 years, p = 0.001). In multivariable analyses, treatment delay, female gender and higher disease activity remained as independent predictors of refractory disease. Based on the identified predictors, we developed a matrix model for risk of future reRA.Our data identified delay to initial treatment, female gender and higher disease activity as important predictors of a later refractory course of RA. Delay of treatment initiation is the single most important modifiable risk factor of refractory disease.
- Published
- 2018
138. Risk Profiling from the European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) Accidents′ Databases: A Case Study in Construction Sites
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Mario Fargnoli, Mara Lombardi, and Giuseppe Parise
- Subjects
construction ,Risk profiling ,Safety Management ,Databases, Factual ,Computer science ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Specific risk ,02 engineering and technology ,Disease cluster ,computer.software_genre ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,021105 building & construction ,Statistics ,Accidents, Occupational ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,accident databases ,Occupational Health ,050107 human factors ,Data Management ,occupational health and safety ,Systemic analysis ,Database ,Construction Industry ,risk profiling ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,electric risk ,cindynic approach ,cluster analysis ,ESAW variables ,safety management ,Work (electrical) ,Preventive intervention ,computer - Abstract
The number of accidents and victims in the construction sector has not decreased significantly despite the increasingly stricter laws and regulations. The analysis of accidents, as well as their root causes and determinants can certainly contribute to the development of more effective preventive interventions. The present study proposes a methodology for the analysis and synthesis of data provided by accidents statistics with the goal of defining specific risk profiles based on the accidents determinants, their variables, and how they interact with one another in influencing the occurrence of an accident. For this purpose, a procedure capable of extracting this type of information from the European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) database was developed. In particular, data processing and aggregation are performed by means of the synergic use of the Matrix of Descriptors (MoD) and cluster analysis. To validate such a procedure, the analysis of fatalities due to electrical shocks was carried out. The results achieved allowed us to elicit valuable information for both safety managers and decision makers. The proposed methodology can facilitate a systemic analysis of accidents databases reducing the difficulties in managing reports and accident statistics.
- Published
- 2019
139. Clinical and molecular features of thiazide-induced hyponatremia
- Author
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Ian P. Hall, Wenjing Jia, Mark Glover, Jenny Clayton, Jodie Nadal, and Sarath Kiran Channavajjhala
- Subjects
Nephrology ,Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood Pressure Monitoring and Management (J Cockcroft, Section Editor) ,Adult population ,Thiazide-induced hyponatremia ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Thiazides ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Medical prescription ,Diuretics ,Intensive care medicine ,Thiazide ,High prevalence ,Electrolyte monitoring ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,TIH ,Hypertension ,business ,Hyponatremia ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose of Review Hypertension affects more than 30% of the world’s adult population and thiazide (and thiazide-like) diuretics are amongst the most widely used, effective, and least costly treatments available, with all-cause mortality benefits equivalent to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or calcium channel antagonists. A minority of patients develop thiazide-induced hyponatremia (TIH) and this is largely unpredictable at the point of thiazide prescription. In some cases, TIH can cause debilitating symptoms and require hospital admission. Although TIH affects only a minority of patients exposed to thiazides, the high prevalence of hypertension leads to TIH being the most common cause of drug-induced hyponatremia requiring hospital admission in the UK. This review examines current clinical and scientific understanding of TIH. Consideration is given to demographic associations, limitations of current electrolyte monitoring regimens, clinical presentation, the phenotype evident on routine clinical blood and urine tests as well as more extensive analyses of blood and urine in research settings, recent genetic associations with TIH, and thoughts on management of the condition. Recent Findings Recent genetic and phenotyping analysis has suggested that prostaglandin E2 pathways in the collecting duct may have a role in the development of TIH in a subgroup of patients. Greater understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of TIH raises the prospect of pre-prescription TIH risk profiling and may offer novel insights into how TIH may be avoided, prevented and treated. Summary The rising prevalence of hypertension and the widespread use of thiazides mean that further understanding of TIH will continue to be a pressing issue for patients, physicians, and scientists alike for the foreseeable future.
- Published
- 2018
140. Issues and a proposal for automated retirement portfolio risk matching in South Africa
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Katherine M. Malan and Odirile O. Moja
- Subjects
Risk profiling ,Matching (statistics) ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Portfolio ,Legislation ,Context (language use) ,business ,Automation ,Portfolio risk - Abstract
This paper is an investigation into the issues related to introducing automation to portfolio optimisation for risk matching. Three main aspects are discussed. First, the South African legal context, which determines what is permissible and what is required in terms of automated decision making. Secondly, the risk profiling aspect discusses problems in the design and use of risk profiler questionnaires. As a solution we propose a standardised risk profiler which addresses the issues identified in traditional risk profilers. Finally, the portfolio optimisation section discusses different models of risk and proposes a constrained multi-objective model for retirement portfolio optimisation suited to the South African context.
- Published
- 2018
141. Big Data, Subjectification and Preventing Fires
- Author
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Nathaniel O’Grady
- Subjects
Risk profiling ,Subjectivity ,Subjectification ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,Big data ,Mosaic (geodemography) ,business ,Futures contract ,Data science ,Fire risk - Abstract
In this chapter, the book investigates how the Fire and Rescue Services (FRS) develop risk profiles which outline the people, and the places that they live in, that are most vulnerable to fire risk. The chapter reveals in detail how these risk profiles are assembled in a way that draws on both information supplied by software called MOSAIC that is designed and sold by the credit-checking company Experian and anonymised information that has been generated through investigations where fatalities have resulted from fires. I argue that risk profiling allows for an elaboration on the processes of subjectification and forms of subjectivity that emerge where massive sets of data are used and governance seeks to intervene upon futures yet to occur.
- Published
- 2018
142. Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm co-infection: spatial distribution and determinants in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia
- Author
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Hanspeter Marti, Virak Khieu, Armelle Forrer, Sinuon Muth, Frédérique Chammartin, Fabian Schär, Penelope Vounatsou, and Peter Odermatt
- Subjects
Ancylostomatoidea ,Male ,Rural Population ,Risk profiling ,Feces ,Soil ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,Spatial ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Anthelmintics ,Coinfection ,Middle Aged ,Co-infection ,Infectious Diseases ,Strongyloidiasis ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Cambodia ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hookworm ,Adolescent ,030231 tropical medicine ,Mebendazole ,Biology ,Bayesian ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Strongyloides stercoralis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hookworm Infections ,Young Adult ,Environmental health ,Helminths ,parasitic diseases ,Control ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Hookworm infection ,Models, Statistical ,Research ,Bayes Theorem ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Tropical medicine ,Parasitology - Abstract
Background Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm are two soil-transmitted helminths (STH) that are highly prevalent in Cambodia. Strongyloides stercoralis causes long-lasting infections and significant morbidity but is largely neglected, while hookworm causes the highest public health burden among STH. The two parasites have the same infection route, i.e. skin penetration. The extent of co-distribution, which could result in potential high co-morbidities, is unknown in highly endemic settings like Cambodia. The aim of this study was to predict the spatial distribution of S. stercoralis-hookworm co-infection risk and to investigate determinants of co-infection in Preah Vihear Province, North Cambodia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010 in 60 villages of Preah Vihear Province. Diagnosis was performed on two stool samples, using combined Baermann technique and Koga agar culture plate for S. stercoralis and Kato-Katz technique for hookworm. Bayesian multinomial geostatistical models were used to assess demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural determinants of S. stercoralis-hookworm co-infection and to predict co-infection risk at non-surveyed locations. Results Of the 2576 participants included in the study, 48.6% and 49.0% were infected with S. stercoralis and hookworm, respectively; 43.8% of the cases were co-infections. Females, preschool aged children, adults aged 19–49 years, and participants who reported regularly defecating in toilets, systematically boiling drinking water and having been treated with anthelmintic drugs had lower odds of co-infection. While S. stercoralis infection risk did not appear to be spatially structured, hookworm mono-infection and co-infection exhibited spatial correlation at about 20 km. Co-infection risk was positively associated with longer walking distances to a health centre and exhibited a small clustering tendency. The association was only partly explained by climatic variables, suggesting a role for underlying factors, such as living conditions and remoteness. Conclusions Both parasites were ubiquitous in the province, with co-infections accounting for almost half of all cases. The high prevalence of S. stercoralis calls for control measures. Despite several years of school-based de-worming programmes, hookworm infection levels remain high. Mebendazole efficacy, as well as coverage of and compliance to STH control programmes should be investigated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2604-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2018
143. Personalized medicine for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy: Targeting improvement through risk profiling
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Brett L. Ecker, Laura Maggino, Charles M. Vollmer, Matthew T. McMillan, and Maxwell T. Trudeau
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Oncology ,Risk profiling ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Pancreatic fistula ,Internal medicine ,Gastroenterology ,Medicine ,Personalized medicine ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2019
144. Classification by ensembles from random partitions of high-dimensional data
- Author
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Ahn, Hongshik, Moon, Hojin, Fazzari, Melissa J., Lim, Noha, Chen, James J., and Kodell, Ralph L.
- Subjects
- *
CLASSIFICATION , *REGRESSION analysis , *MATHEMATICAL statistics , *STATISTICS - Abstract
Abstract: A robust classification procedure is developed based on ensembles of classifiers, with each classifier constructed from a different set of predictors determined by a random partition of the entire set of predictors. The proposed methods combine the results of multiple classifiers to achieve a substantially improved prediction compared to the optimal single classifier. This approach is designed specifically for high-dimensional data sets for which a classifier is sought. By combining classifiers built from each subspace of the predictors, the proposed methods achieve a computational advantage in tackling the growing problem of dimensionality. For each subspace of the predictors, we build a classification tree or logistic regression tree. Our study shows, using four real data sets from different areas, that our methods perform consistently well compared to widely used classification methods. For unbalanced data, our approach maintains the balance between sensitivity and specificity more adequately than many other classification methods considered in this study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
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145. Can nonstandardised, simplified autonomic function tests be used for risk profiling in the anaesthesia population?
- Author
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Christa Boer, S. W. M. Keet, Anesthesiology, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, and ACS - Microcirculation
- Subjects
Risk profiling ,Autonomic function ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Valsalva Maneuver ,Population ,MEDLINE ,Blood Pressure ,Autonomic Nervous System ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Text mining ,030202 anesthesiology ,Heart Rate ,Medicine ,Humans ,Anesthesia ,education ,Intensive care medicine ,Anesthetics ,education.field_of_study ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Surgery ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,business - Published
- 2017
146. Shrinking risk profiles after deworming of children in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, with special reference to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura
- Author
-
Stefanie Gall, Jürg Utzinger, Peter Steinmann, Ivan Müller, Lindsey Beyleveld, Rosa du Randt, Cheryl Walter, Uwe Pühse, Markus Gerber, and Leyli Zondie
- Subjects
Male ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Risk profiling ,Health (social science) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Helminthiasis ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Geographic Mapping ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Albendazole ,Risk profile ,Deworming ,03 medical and health sciences ,Feces ,Soil ,South Africa ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Trichuriasis ,Child ,Ascaris lumbricoides ,Trichuris trichiura ,Eggs per gram ,Anthelmintics ,Ascariasis ,biology ,Health Policy ,Public health ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Risk maps facilitate discussion among different stakeholders and provide a tool for spatial targeting of health interventions. We present maps documenting shrinking risk profiles after deworming with respect to soil-transmitted helminthiasis among schoolchildren from disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Children were examined for soil-transmitted helminth infections using duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears in March 2015, October 2015 and May 2016, and subsequently treated with albendazole after each survey. The mean infection intensities for Ascaris lumbricoides were 9,554 eggs per gram of stool (EPG) in March 2015, 4,317 EPG in October 2015 and 1,684 EPG in March 2016. The corresponding figures for Trichuris trichiura were 664 EPG, 331 EPG and 87 EPG. Repeated deworming shrank the risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis, but should be complemented by other public health measures.
- Published
- 2017
147. Documenting the Procedures of Client Risk Profiling at the Stage or Preliminary Audit
- Author
-
E. Klinova
- Subjects
World Wide Web ,Risk profiling ,Engineering ,Process management ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Audit ,Stage (hydrology) ,business - Abstract
The article considers the issues of preliminary planning of audit, including documentation of new client risk profiling procedures.
- Published
- 2015
148. Contractual risks in the New Zealand construction industry: Analysis and mitigatioin measures
- Author
-
Samuel Taylor and Jasper Mbachu
- Subjects
Actuarial science ,HF5001-6182 ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,risk profiling ,Questionnaire ,risk mitigation ,Building and Construction ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Business risks ,risk management ,tendering risks ,Project team ,Procurement ,Construction industry ,Profit margin ,Contr actual risks ,Business ,Risk management - Abstract
While tendering for jobs, a contractor is expected to analyse the various risks in each prospective project and price them appropriately. Contingencies are included in the tender price to cater for the various risks based on their impacts on the project targets and profit margin. Currently in New Zealand (NZ), there is little or no information on the various contractual risks and their mitigation measures. This has led to contractors over compensating or under compensating for risks with costly consequences. This study aimed to establish priority contractual risks in the NZ construction industry, and their mitigation measures. The research was based on a questionnaire survey of consultants and contractors. Descriptive statistics and multi-attribute techniques were used in the data analysis. Results showed 21 risk factors which were segregated into 6 broad categories in diminishing levels of significance as follows: Site conditions, main contractor, pricing, subcontractor, external and client- related risks. Putting tags and conditions to risky price items in the tender bids, and transferring the risks onto other parties were analysed as the 2 most effective out of the 5 key risk mitigation measures identified. Being cautious of the priority risks and application of the identified effective risk mitigation measures could guide contractors and the project team to more appropriately budget for and respond to risks, thereby ensuring more satisfactory project outcomes.
- Published
- 2014
149. Establishing a Risk Profile for New Zealand Pastoral Farms
- Author
-
Miles Grafton and Michael Manning
150. CONTRACTUAL RISKS IN THE NEW ZEALAND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
- Author
-
Jasper Mbachu and Samuel Taylor
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