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Objective: The authors investigated the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who were attending the emergency department (ED), before hospitalization. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all COVID-19 patients diagnosed with UGB in 62 Spanish EDs (20% of Spanish EDs, case group) during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 outbreak. We formed 2 control groups: COVID-19 patients without UGB (control group A) and non-COVID-19 patients with UGB (control group B). Fifty-three independent variables and 4 outcomes were compared between cases and controls. Results: We identified 83 UGB in 74,814 patients with COVID-19 who were attending EDs (1.11%, 95% CI=0.88-1.38). This incidence was lower compared with non-COVID-19 patients [2474/1,388,879, 1.78%, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.71-1.85; odds ratio (OR)=0.62; 95% CI=0.50-0.77]. Clinical characteristics associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 patients presenting with UGB were abdominal pain, vomiting, hematemesis, dyspnea, expectoration, melena, fever, cough, chest pain, and dysgeusia. Compared with non-COVID-19 patients with UGB, COVID-19 patients with UGB more frequently had fever, cough, expectoration, dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, interstitial lung infiltrates, and ground-glass lung opacities. They underwent fewer endoscopies in the ED (although diagnoses did not differ between cases and control group B) and less endoscopic treatment. After adjustment for age and sex, cases showed a higher in-hospital all-cause mortality than control group B (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.09-3.86) but not control group A (OR=1.14, 95% CI=0.59-2.19) patients. Conclusions: The incidence of UGB in COVID-19 patients attending EDs was lower compared with non-COVID-19 patients. Digestive symptoms predominated over respiratory symptoms, and COVID-19 patients with UGB underwent fewer gastroscopies and endoscopic treatments than the general population with UGB. Inhospital mortality in COVID-19 patients with UGB was increased compared with non-COVID patients with UGB, but not compared with the remaining COVID-19 patients.

Rhizosphere soil samples of three Pinus chiapensis sites were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, soil bacteria isolated and screened in vitro for growth-promoting abilities. Nine isolates that showed promise were identified to five genera Dyella, Luteimonas, Enterobacter, Paraburkholderia and Bacillus based on the sequences of 16S rRNA gene. All the strains were isolated from non-disturbed stands. These bacteria significantly decreased germination time and increased sprout sizes. Indole acetic acid and gibberellin production and phosphate solubilisation were detected. Results indicate that these biochemicals could be essential for P. chiapensis distribution and suggest the possibility that PGPR inoculation on P. chiapensis seeds prior to planting could improve germination and possibly seedling development.

Resumen Introduccion La asociacion entre la presencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y el estado clinico de la artritis reumatoide (AR) es un tema aun no resuelto. Objetivo Evaluar la asociacion entre el tipo de composicion corporal y el estado clinico en pacientes con AR. Metodos Estudio prospectivo, comparativo y transversal que incluyo a 123 pacientes (98,4% mujeres, 86,3% FR+, 9,3±8,7 anos de duracion) con AR (criterios ACR/EULAR 2010) en quienes se determino actividad inflamatoria (DAS 28), estado funcional (HAQ-Di) y tipo de tratamiento; ademas, el tipo de composicion corporal evaluada por IMC, circunferencias de cintura, cadera y brazo medio, indice cintura/cadera, plicometria y bioimpedancia electrica. Resultados Las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad (IMC-OMS) fueron del 30,9% y del 45,5%. Cuando se reclasificaron mediante los puntos de corte de Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, las prevalencias aumentaron a 31,7 y 58,5%, respectivamente. Con este criterio, los pacientes con sobrepeso/obesidad tuvieron mas articulaciones inflamadas que los pacientes con composicion corporal subnormal/normal (3,8±3,3 vs. 1,9±2,5; p=0,02). El conteo de articulaciones inflamadas mostro correlacion positiva significativa con 6 de 11 metodos antropometricos: IMC, circunferencia de brazo y cadera, pliegue tricipital y porcentaje de grasa corporal (determinado por bioimpedancia electrica y plicometria). Conclusiones El sobrepeso y la obesidad se asociaron a mayor actividad inflamatoria caracterizada por mayor cantidad de articulaciones inflamadas. Encontramos correlacion positiva significativa entre el numero de articulaciones inflamadas y la mayoria de los indicadores de masa grasa corporal estudiados. La evaluacion y optimizacion de la composicion corporal podria llegar a ser una parte importante para el abordaje clinico de pacientes con AR. Introduction The effect of overweight/obesity on clinical status in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still a controversial topic. To assess the association between body composition and clinical status in RA patients. Methods A prospective, comparative, cross-sectional study was performed on 123 (98.4% women, 86.3% FR+, 9.3±8.7 duration years) RA patients diagnosed according to ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria who were assessed for inflammatory activity (DAS 28), functional status (HAQ-Di), and type of treatment. Body composition was evaluated by BMI, waist, hip, and middle arm girths, waist/hip ratio, skin fold measurements, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI-WHO cut-off points) was 30.9% and 45.5% respectively. Using Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou cut-off points, each corresponding prevalence increased to 31.7% and 58.5%, respectively. Pooled patients in the overweight/obesity classification (Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou classification) exhibited a significantly higher number of swollen joints as compared to subnormal/normal body composition subjects (3.8±3.3 vs. 1.9±2.5; p=.02). Swollen joint count showed significant positive correlation with 6 out of 11 body composition parameters: BMI; arm and hip girths, triceps skin fold, body fat average determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and skin fold measurements. Conclusions Prevalence of obesity in RA varies according to BMI cut-off points. Overweight and obesity were associated with higher inflammatory activity characterized by a higher count of tender and swollen joints. A positive correlation was found between swollen joint amount and the majority of the body fat mass indicators assessed. Body composition assessment/improvement should be an important part of the routine care of RA patients.

The objective of the research was to improve the productive parameters in Creole chickens through gonadectomy in the Tungurahua Province, Ecuador. A completely randomized design with three treatments and a control was used, the results were subjected to an analysis of variance (ADEVA) for the separation of means and the Tukey test of 5%, the factors under study were: T1 (8), T2 (9) and T3 (10), castrated weeks of age, and uncastrated chickens (20 birds / treatment), with a productive period after castration of 12 weeks. Weight gain 12 weeks after castration was higher in chickens operated on at 8 weeks of age, (343.6 g bird / week, p

The objective of the research was to improve the productive parameters in Creole chickens through gonadectomy in the Tungurahua Province, Ecuador. A completely randomized design with three treatments and a control was used, the results were subjected to an analysis of variance (ADEVA) for the separation of means and the Tukey test of 5%, the factors under study were: T1 (8), T2(9) and T3 (10), castrated weeks of age, and uncastrated chickens (20 birds / treatment), with a productive period after castration of 12 weeks. Weight gain 12 weeks after castration was higher in chickens operated on at 8 weeks of age, (343.6 g bird / week, p

La intención de este artículo es recopilar y analizar las fuentes literarias griegas y romanas más representativas que recogen información del pueblo ilirio y la mención a los albaneses como posible tribu iliria en las fuentes literarias griegas.

En el presente trabajo se realizó el análisis estructural y de caracterización microestructural y de propiedades mecánicas de recubrimientos de galvanizado por inmersión continua en caliente sobre láminas de acero, sometiendo a diferentes temperaturas de un baño liquido del Zn y diferentes tiempos de inmersión, con la finalidad de determinar las condiciones ideales de adherencia y propiedades mecánicas. La limpieza de las láminas de acero de bajo contenido de C se llevó a cabo mediante una concentración de 1 M de HCL. Así mismo, se realizó un análisis instrumental por difracción de rayos X (DRX), se identificó el Zn con PDF [96-230-0115] BCC con 4.51% de cristalinidad y 1Å de tamaño de cristalito, y PDF [96-901-0309] FCC con 21.21% de cristalinidad y 2Å; se identificó Jarosita que demuestra que una inmersión en medio acido provoca una hidrolisis de hierro y extracción de fosforo y azufre de la matriz de acero. Además, mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB-EDS) se determinaron el tamaño de las capas del recubrimiento de los compuestos formados sobre estas capas. Por lo que se concluye, que la limpieza con HCL después de la limpieza por arena chorro y una temperatura de galvanizado en caliente de 473°C, un minuto de calentamiento de la lámina antes de la inmersión y dos minutos de inmersión en el baño líquido de Zn son las mejores condiciones para una buena adherencia de recubrimiento sobre a lámina de acero.

Introduction and objectives Atrioventricular block (AVB) in the presence of bradycardic drugs (BD) can be reversible, and pacemaker implantation is controversial. Our objective was to analyze the pacemaker implantation rate in the mid-term, after BD suspension, and to identify predictive factors. Methods We performed a cohort study that included patients attending the emergency department with high-grade AVB in the context of BD. We studied the persistence of AVB after BD discontinuation, recurrence in patients with AVB resolution, and the predictive variables associated with pacemaker requirement at 3 years. Results Of 127 patients included (age, 79 [71-83] years), BAV resolved in 60 (47.2%); among these patients, recurrence occurred during the 24-month median follow-up in 40 (66.6%). Pacemaker implantation was required in 107 patients (84.3%), despite BD discontinuation. On multivariable analysis, the variables associated with pacemaker need at 3 years were heart rate C I, 1.82-36.17), symptoms other than syncope (OR, 4.09; 95%CI, 1.18-14.13), and wide QRS (OR, 5.65; 95%CI, 1.77-18.04). Concomitant antiarrhythmic treatment was associated with AVB resolution (OR, 0.12; 95%CI, 0.02-0.66). Conclusions More than 80% of patients with AVB secondary to BD require pacemaker implantation despite drug discontinuation. Predictive variables were wide QRS, heart rate

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos El bloqueo auriculoventricular (BAV) en presencia de farmacos bradicardizantes (FBZ) puede ser reversible, y esta en controversia el implante de marcapasos. El objetivo es analizar la necesidad de tratamiento con marcapasos a medio plazo, tras la suspension de los FBZ, e identificar factores predictores. Metodos Se estudio a una cohorte de pacientes que acudieron a urgencias con BAV de alto grado mientras tomaban FBZ. Se estudio la persistencia de BAV tras la interrupcion del farmaco, la recurrencia en los pacientes con resolucion del BAV y las variables predictoras asociadas con la necesidad de marcapasos a los 3 anos de seguimiento. Resultados De 127 pacientes (edad, 79 [71-83] anos), en 60 (47,2%) se resolvio el BAV; de estos, en 40 (66,6%) el BAV recurrio en los 24 meses de seguimiento medio; 107 pacientes (84,3%) tuvieron indicacion de implante de marcapasos pese a suspenderse los FBZ. Las variables asociadas con la necesidad de marcapasos a los 3 anos en el multivariable fueron: frecuencia cardiaca Conclusiones Mas del 80% de los pacientes con BAV secundario a FBZ precisan implante de marcapasos a pesar de suspenderlos; los predictores son el QRS ancho, la frecuencia cardiaca

espanolEn este articulo se presenta el desarrollo de un entorno virtual de e-evaluaciones para la administracion de evaluaciones y seguimiento del rendimiento academico de los estudiantes en grupos numerosos, aplicado en una prueba piloto en la unidad academica de ingenieria mecatronica de la Universidad Politecnica de Sinaloa, Mexico. El desarrollo del entorno virtual de e-evaluaciones consiste en el uso del framework de modelo-vista-controlador, CodeIgniter desarrollado por EllisLab, al mismo tiempo se utilizo Bootstrap un framework desarrollado dentro de la compania Twitter con el objetivo de estandarizar las herramientas que se utilizan en el desarrollo del front-end. Los resultados obtenidos permiten observar un incremento en la interaccion sincronica y asincronica entre docente y estudiante en un entorno virtual e-evaluaciones; por su parte de los docentes se midio y se observo un ahorro en el tiempo destinado a realizar la evaluacion en grupos numerosos, se realizo la evaluacion a traves de una administracion personalizada de cada uno de los estudiantes, por otro lado el entorno virtual hizo participe al estudiante de su propia evaluacion y retroalimentacion, la experiencia en el uso del entorno virtual dicha por los alumnos, fue positiva dado que les permitio desarrollar la evaluacion de una manera interactiva en un menor tiempo. Como conclusion se obtuvo que el entorno virtual e-evaluaciones aporta elementos que promueve el seguimiento y monitoreo de los resultados de la evaluacion. EnglishThis article presents the development of a virtual environment of e-evaluations for the management of evaluations and monitoring of the academic performance of students in large groups, applied in a pilot test in the academic unit of mechatronic engineering of Sinaloa Polytechnic University, Mexico. The development of the virtual environment of e-evaluations consists in the use of the model-view-controller framework, CodeIgniter developed by EllisLab, at the same time Bootstrap, a framework developed withinthe Twitter company, was used with the aim of standardizing the tools that are used in the development of the front-end. The results obtained allow us to observe an increase in synchronous and asynchronous interaction between professor and student in a virtual environment of e-evaluations; for their part, the professors measured and observed a saving in the time allocated to carry out the evaluation in large groups. The evaluation was carried out through customized management of each of the students. On the other hand, the virtual environment involved the student in his own evaluation and feedback, the experience in the use of the virtual environment said by the students was positive since it allowed them to develop the evaluation in an interactive way in ashorter time. In conclusion, it was obtained that the virtual e-evaluations environment provides elements that promote the follow-up and monitoring of the evaluation results portuguesNeste artigo se apresenta o desenvolvimento de um entorno virtual de avaliacoes online para a administracao de avaliacoes e seguimento do rendimento academico dos alunos em grupos numerosos, aplicado numa prova piloto na unidade academica de engenharia mecatronica da Universidade Politecnica de Sinaloa, Mexico. O desenvolvimento do entorno virtual de avaliacoes online consiste no uso do framework do modelo-vista-controlador, CodeIgniter desenvolvido pelo EllisLab, ao mesmo tempo se utilizou Bootstrap um framework desenvolvido dentro da empresa Twitter com o objetivo de padronizar as ferramentas que se usam no desenvolvimento do front-end. Os resultados obtidos permitem observar um incremento na interacao sincrona e assincrona entre professor e aluno em um ambiente virtual de avaliacao online; por parte dos professores se mensurou e se observou uma economia no tempo destinado a fazer a avaliacao em grupos numerosos, se executou a avaliacao atraves de uma administracao personalizada de cada um dos alunos, por outro lado o entorno virtual fez participar ao aluno da sua propria avaliacao e retroalimentacao, a experiencia no uso do entorno virtual de acordo com os alunos, foi positiva dado que permitiu-lhes desenvolver a avaliacao de forma interativa em um tempo mais curto. Como conclusao se obteve que o entorno virtual e as avaliacoes online aportam elementos que promovem o seguimento e monitoramento dos resultados da avaliacao.

AIMS This study evaluated the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica strains from layer poultry farms in central Ecuador isolated during 2017. This geographical area is responsible for around 60% of total domestic egg production, yet, as of 2019, no reports had been published on the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella in the layer poultry farms of this area. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-one isolates from layer poultry farms in central Ecuador obtained during 2017 were evaluated. The resistance profiles exhibited considerable differences in serovar and sample origin, grouping into nine clades by phenotype. S. Infantis strains were of the MDR phenotype in 94·4% of isolates. S. Typhimurium strains were of a reduced antimicrobial resistance phenotype and 50% showed resistance to one antimicrobial compound. One of the S. enterica nontyped strains had an MDR profile to 11 of the 20 antibiotics evaluated (eight groups). And the two remaining S. enterica nontyped strains showed resistance to two and three antibiotics respectively. The ESBL phenotype, which is resistant to clinically notable antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, ampicillin and cefepime, was observed only in S. Infantis (15/18). These strains harbour the emerging blaCTX-M-65 gene, and co-harbour tetA and sul1 resistance genes in four strains. Additional β-lactamase genes, carbapenemase-producing genes (blaIMP, blaVIM , blaOXA48 , blaKPC , blaNDM ) and colistin-mobile resistance gene mcr-1 were not detected. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the potential role of layer poultry farm environments in central Ecuador as reservoirs of MDR Salmonella strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results suggest the necessity of reinforcing biosecurity practices to reduce the probability of transmission of MDR Salmonella across the food chain.

Social anxiety is one of the most prevalent disorders among adolescents (Stein et al., 2017). The main aim of this study was to analyze the equivalence of scores on the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) using structural equation modeling and identify differences in latent means of social anxiety in China, Spain, and the USA.Random sampling was used to recruit participants, which included 536 Chinese (46% girls), 1,178 Spanish (55.3% girls) and 866 North American (55.1% girls) adolescents. The participants' ages ranged between 14 and 17 years old.The SAS-A three-factor correlated model of social anxiety remained invariant between the Spanish and North American adolescents, but results could not be replicated in the Chinese adolescents [M2 = ΔS-Bχ² (Δdf, p) = 4732.56 (36,.01)]. Analyses of latent differences between Spain and the USA showed that Spanish adolescents had higher scores than North Americans for Fear of Negative Evaluation (TS = -9.630; d = .44) and for Social Avoidance and General Anxiety towards people (TS = -2.717; d = .12).The results are interpreted according to the cultural traits of individualism-collectivism and self-construal, and practical implications are discussed.

A non-segregated kinetic model is proposed to describe a fermentation process of agro-industrial residues derived via cocoa (mucilage juice) by Pichia kudriavzevii. The novel proposed hybrid model is based on a multiple coupling reaction mechanisms (structured) to describe the kinetics of substrate consumption, biomass, carbon dioxide, and ethanol, coupled to an unstructured model for the activity enzyme. The parameters of the kinetic model are estimated by non-linear least-squares curve fitting using the Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm. In addition, numerical simulations were compared with the experimental data via residual graphs. The effectiveness of the model was statistically evaluated using dimensionless efficiency coefficients under different initial conditions. A global sensitivity analysis was applied (Fisher's information matrix). The experimental results of the batch reactor showed a maximum ethanol concentration of 29 g/L, with a yield of 0.48 g-ethanol/g-glucose and a productivity of 0.30 g/L h. The method determined that the cell formation coefficient and the specific substrate consumption rate (θ1 and θ2) directly influence most of the states of our system. The proposed scheme is particularly suitable to assist in the rational design of cell factory properties or fermentation processes because it can represent the complex biochemistry in more detail and under different initial experimental conditions; the above reveals that the generated model is robust and can be considered for control and optimization purposes.

Introduction: one of the most common pathologies is the genital herpes that affects worldwide and every year increases more, it is part of the sexually transmitted diseases, it is important to recognize the clinical manifestations that suffer patients to achieve a prompt diagnosis, since there are people who are asymptomatic, but the most common manifestations are the vesicles and the pruritus in the genital areas. Objective: to explain the clinical characteristics of genital herpes in adults Methods: the literature review was carried out by means of a virtual search of the databases found such as PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, where articles published from 2017 to 2021 were found. Results: among the most recurrent results we find manifestations such as myalgia, erythema, pruritus, adenopathies, genital, inguinal and buttocks vesicles, followed by fever, dysuria, urinary retention, nausea and neck stiffness. Conclusions: it is concluded that there are different types of clinical manifestations and not all people will be the same; however, vesicles and pruritus in the genital areas are clinical characteristics that will be found in all cases.

Los aceros de medio C son ampliamente utilizados en la fabricación de piezas y componentes mecánicos tales como engranajes, ejes, pernos, acoplamientos, husillos, ruedas dentadas, bielas y cigüeñales, debido a su buena resistencia mecánica, tenacidad y resistencia al desgaste. Muchas investigaciones para este tipo de aceros se han enfocado en estudiar el comportamiento al desgaste, deformación y análisis de propiedades mecánicas a temperaturas elevadas. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que se han enfocado en evaluar su comportamiento mecánico en función del tamaño de grano austenítico (TGA). En esta investigación, se presentan los resultados experimentales y mediante modelado numérico, del efecto del TGA antes del temple en dos aceros de medio C, AISI 1045 y 4140, con la finalidad de determinar las condiciones óptimas de procesamiento para obtener las propiedades mecánicas deseadas. El tamaño de grano fue evaluando entre 5 y 110 µm. Se utilizaron técnicas experimentales para determinar la microestructura, resistencia a la cedencia, resistencia a la tensión, la dureza y pruebas de dilatometría de temple para determinar su deformación. Los resultados simulados fueron obtenidos mediante el software JMatPro. De estos resultados se pueden mencionar que el TGA juega un papel importante en la evolución de las propiedades mecánicas para los aceros estudiados. Cuando el TGA fue superior a 15 y 45 µm para los aceros AISI 4140 y 1045 respectivamente, las propiedades mecánicas estuvieron en rangos más elevados. Los resultados mediante JMatPro estuvieron muy cercanos a los obtenidos experimentalmente, validando la simulación numérica en la predicción de las propiedades mecánicas estudiadas.

El pulido de arroz se define como un subproducto de aspecto harinoso, suave y fibroso al tacto, constituido por el pericarpio, el tegumento, la aleurona, parte del grano, en polvo o en fragmentos y germen entero y triturado, así como cascarilla. Es rico en proteínas, grasas, y contiene una cantidad apreciable de vitaminas y minerales; sin embargo el uso al que se ha destinado este subproducto es únicamente para el consumo animal. En base a lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es contribuir en la trasformación del pulido de arroz para consumo humano, mediante la elaboración de galletas utilizando el subproducto de arroz pulido. Para el logro del trabajo de investigación, la materia prima se obtuvo de la empresa arrocera Agrocampo Arisanta S.P.R de R.L de C.V. una vez obtenida la materia prima, esta llevo a laboratorio para la preparación de las galletas, realizar los distintos análisis físico-químicos e identificar la vida en anaquel, la cual se valoró cada 15 días durante un periode de cinco meses. Los resultados indican que la porción por galleta debe de ser de 40 gramos, teniendo cada galleta un contenido de fibra de 3.2% y 12.5% de proteína. En relación a la vida en anaquel, se observó que las galletas conservan sus características organolépticas hasta por un tiempo de cinco meses. Estos resultados contribuyen de forma directa a los beneficios a la salud, por lo que sus características permite que se desarrollen alimentos funcionales, tal es el caso de la elaboración de galletas a base de pulido, de consistencia y sabor agradable al paladar de aquellas personas que gustan de cuidar su dieta Rice polishing is defined as a by-product with a floury appearance, soft and fibrous to the touch, consisting of the pericarp, the integument, the aleurone, part of the grain, in powder or fragments and whole and ground germ, as well as a husk. It is rich in proteins, and fats, and contains an appreciable amount of vitamins and minerals; however, the use to which this by-product has been destined is solely for animal consumption. Based on the above, the objective of this research work is to contribute to the transformation of polished rice for human consumption, by making biscuits using the polished rice by-product. For the achievement of the research work, the raw material was obtained from the rice company Agrocampo Arisanta S.P.R de R.L de C.V. Once the raw material was obtained, it was taken to the laboratory for the preparation of the cookies, to carry out the different physical-chemical analyzes and to identify the shelf life, which was valued every 15 days during a period of five months. The results indicate that the serving per cookie should be 40 grams, with each cookie having a fiber content of 3.2% and 12.5% ​​protein. In relation to shelf life, it was observed that cookies retain their organoleptic characteristics for up to five months. These results contribute directly to health benefits, so its characteristics allow functional foods to be developed, such is the case of the production of polishing-based biscuits, with a consistency and a palatable taste for those who like to take care of your diet.

México importa el 99 % de la semilla de sorgo Sorghum bicolor. La producción de semillas representa menos del 1 % procedente de genotipos sobresalientes y adaptados. Esto incrementa costos de producción y genera problemas de adaptación de genotipos. La tecnología de producción debe adecuarse a los progenitores específicos y región del país, para incrementar la semilla. Este estudio evaluó la calidadde semillas de catorce líneas de sorgo (progenitoras de siete híbridos), de INIFAP. En el ciclo primavera-verano (P-V) del 2018, en Celaya Guanajuato, México, se establecieron tres fechas de siembra, 12 de mayo, 6 y 28 de junio, bajo un diseño de bloques al azar y tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron los días/floración, el peso de mil semillas, la germinación al momento de la cosecha y después de seis meses de almacenamiento. El análisis de varianza indicó diferencias significativas entre líneas (G), fechas de siembra (FS) en todas las variables y en la interacción G x FS para días a floración; donde las líneas androestériles (líneas A), presentaron diferencia de 8 a 10 días en días a floración con los progenitores masculinos (líneas restauradoras R) en la FS del 6 de junio lo que dificultaría la producción de semilla híbrida. En calidad de semilla a pesar de que se presentaron fuertes precipitaciones durante el llenado de grano y madurez fisiológica las líneas SBA-25, LBA-98, LBA-101 y la cruza SBA25 x SBR-31 sobresalieron por su alto porcentaje (%) de germinación y mantuvieron su calidad después de seis meses de almacenamiento.

Introducción: Guerrero se caracteriza por su amplia variedad de maíces pigmentados, sin embargo, no existen alternativas de aprovechamiento para generar un valor agregado y un impacto positivo en la economía de los productores. Método: en este estudio se evaluaron las propiedades morfométricas (peso de cien granos, peso hectolítrico, dureza, partes de los granos), fisicoquímicas (color, análisis bromatológico, contenido de fenoles y antocianinas, patrón de rayos X, propiedades térmicas y de pasta, y la actividad antirradicalaria), así como la actividad antiproliferativa (línea celular MDA-MB-231) de maíces pigmentados (rojo, negro, morado y blanco). Resultados: las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los maíces variaron en función de su pigmentación. Los maíces mostraron características morfométricas adecuadas para la industria de la masa y la tortilla. La viscosidad máxima se observó en el almidón de maíz morado (4790 cp). El mayor valor de ΔHgel se observó para el maíz negro (7.88 J g-1). Con excepción del maíz morado, los maíces analizados mostraron un contenido de proteína elevado (8.08-8.71 %). El mayor contenido de fenoles totales (14.7-11.7 mgEAG g-1 extracto), antocianinas monoméricas (528 - 154 μg EC3G g-1 extracto) y actividad ante los radicales DPPH (CI50 < 200 µg mL-1) y ABTS (CI50 < 236 µg mL-1 fueron mostrados por los maíces morados. El extracto del maíz negro mostró la mayor actividad antiproliferativa (CI50 = 938 µg mL-1) en la línea celular MDA-MB-231. Discusión o conclusión: independientemente del color, los maíces analizados presentan características que son útiles para la industria del almidón y de la masa y la tortilla. Los maíces pigmentados, principalmente el negro y el morado, son una opción promisoria para la obtención de compuestos bioactivos para el establecimiento de estrategias novedosas de prevención y terapia de enfermedades asociadas con el estrés oxidativo.

Se determino el comportamiento poblacional del pulgon amarillo del sorgo (PAS) Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) y enemigos naturales, en tres localidades del estado de Guanajuato, Mexico. Mediante muestreos con red entomologica y trampas con agua jabonosa, en parcelas semi-comerciales de sorgo con diferentes genotipos, en condiciones de riego y de temporal, sin aplicacion de insecticidas. En sorgo con riego, el PAS ocurrio a partir de la etapa de diferenciacion floral a las 749 UC acumuladas a partir de la nacencia, mientras que, en temporal la presencia ocurrio a partir de la quinta hoja verdadera, cerca de las 500 UC acumuladas. Se observaron 12 especies de entomofagos: Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, la catarina asiatica Harmonia axyridis Pallas, y la catarina cafe Scymnus loewii Mulsant, la avispa Asaphe sp. (Pteromalidae), hiperparasitoide de Aphidius colemani (Dalmen); Diplazon probablemente scutellaris (Cresson) (Ichneumonidae), parasitoide de moscas sirfide Allograpta obliqua (Say), y A. exotica (Wiedemann), primer registro en el Bajio, Mexico; y a Dinocampus (=Perilitus) coccinellae (Braconidae), parasitoide de la catarina anaranjada.

Desarrollo de visitas de obra virtuales 360 e interactivas mediante la utilización de recursos de realidad aumentada para la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las asignaturas de Acondicionamiento e Instalaciones de Arquitectura. Esta iniciativa se plantea desarrollar tras la experiencia vivida durante el curso 2020/21, en el que la docencia presencial fue interrumpida debido a la declaración del Estado de Alarma por la pandemia global ocasionada por la enfermedad COVID-19. La realización de estudios a distancia y la asistencia online a las distintas clases de formación han establecido la exigencia y necesidad de nuevas metodologías educativas de carácter no presencial o semipresencial. Tal y como se establece en el Proyecto Docente de las asignaturas de Acondicionamiento e Instalaciones, para un adecuado proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se considera necesaria la realización de visitas a obras ya ejecutadas y en ejecución, además de otros trabajos de campo, con el fin de que el estudiantado sea capaz de desarrollar distintas competencias genéricas y específicas basadas en la interpretación y conocimiento de la dotación y capacidades de las instalaciones en la edificación residencial y terciaria. Cabe destacar la importancia de este tipo de prácticas en titulaciones con una fuerte componente de tipo profesional como Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura y Máster habilitante en Arquitectura. Por tanto, se pretende crear material didáctico complementario a partir de la realidad extendida, la cual engloba distintos tipos de tecnologías inmersivas (realidad virtual + realidad aumentada), con el objetivo de que el alumnado tenga la posibilidad de asistir virtualmente a una visita de obra de un edificio y pueda examinarlo en la fase de construcción y montaje de las instalaciones. Asimismo, en el tour virtual serán incluidos textos explicativos, material gráfico, esquemas, audios, videos didácticos y enlaces web a los cuales será posible acceder haciendo click en distintos marcadores virtuales. Aplicación: La creación de este material permite al alumnado de las asignaturas de Acondicionamiento e Instalaciones de la titulación Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura, estudiar sobre los apuntes digitales e interactivos mediante dispositivos smartphone y/o Tablet, sin tener que interrumpir la actividad de estudio para conectarse buscando información adicional. La aplicación de este recurso se propone para su uso educativo en materias con contenidos teórico-prácticos. Mediante distintos marcadores se activan variadas opciones de aprendizaje en un entorno de realidad extendida que permita la asistencia a visitas de obras de forma virtual, de manera que combinados estos recursos con las exposiciones en las clases presenciales por parte del profesor se refuerce, facilite y mejore el aprendizaje del alumnado.

Development of cataracts is a well-known adverse effect of ionizing radiation, but little information is available on their incidence in patients after other medical procedures, such as cardiac catheterizations. The study objective was to determine the incidence of cataracts in a cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO) and its association with radiation dose. The study analyzed the incidence of cataracts during the follow-up of 126 patients who underwent chronic total coronary PCI, using Cox regression to identify predictive factors of cataract development. The study included 126 patients, 86.9% male, with a mean age of 60.5 years (range, 55.0–68.0 years). Twenty-three (18.2% n = 23) developed cataracts during a mean follow-up of 49.5 months (range 37.3–64.5 months). A higher incidence was observed in patients who received more than 5 Gy (29.0% vs. 14.7%, Hazard ratio (HR = 2.84 [1.19–6.77]). Multivariate analysis revealed a relationship between cataract development during the follow-up and a receipt of radiation dose &gt, 5 Gy (HR = 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI 1.03–6.61], p = 0.03), presence or history of predisposing eye disease (HR = 4.42, CI:1.57–12.40), diabetes (HR = 3.33 [1.22–9.24]), and older age, as in &gt, 57 (HR, 6.40 [1.81–22.61]). An elevated incidence of cataracts was observed in patients after PCI for CTO. The onset of cataracts is related to the radiation dose during catheterization, which is a potentially avoidable effect of which operators should be aware.

Bioscorodite crystallization is a promising process for the proper immobilization of arsenic from acidic metallurgical wastewater, and Acidianus brierleyi is an effective archaeon to oxidize Fe(II) and As(III) simultaneously. This paper deals with the development of an experimentally validated mathematical model to gain insight into the simultaneous processes of Fe(II) and As(III) oxidation via microbial cells and the exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix, As(V) precipitation, and bioscorodite crystallization, which are affected by several factors. After the mathematical structure was proposed, a model fitting was performed, finding global determination coefficients between 0.96 and 0.99 (with p-values < 0.001) for all the variables. The global sensitivity analysis via Monte Carlo simulations allowed us to identify the critical parameters whose sensitivity depends on culture conditions. The model was then implemented to evaluate the effect of cell concentration, Fe(II) and As(III) concentrations (at Fe/As = 1.4), and oxidation rate constants for A. brierleyi and the EPS region, noting that these factors play an important role in the process. Our results showed that the proposed model can be used as a robust simulation platform for the further analysis of the bioscorodite crystallization process under extremophilic conditions.

Online monitoring of fermentation processes is a necessary task to determine concentrations of key biochemical compounds, diagnose faults in process operations, and implement feedback controllers. However, obtaining the signals of all-important variables in a real process is a task that may be difficult and expensive due to the lack of adequate sensors, or simply because some variables cannot be directly measured. From the above, a model-based approach such as state observers may be a viable alternative to solve the estimation problem. This work shows a comparative analysis of the real-time performance of a family of sliding-mode observers for reconstructing key variables in a batch bioreactor for fermentative ethanol production. These observers were selected for their robust performance under model uncertainties and finite-time estimation convergence. The selected sliding-mode observers were the first-order sliding mode observer, the proportional sliding mode observer, and the high-order sliding mode observer. For estimation purposes, a power law kinetic model for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was performed. A hybrid methodology allows the kinetic parameters to be adjusted, and an approach based on inference diagrams allows the observability of the model to be determined. The experimental results reported here show that the observers under analysis were robust to modeling errors and measurement noise. Moreover, the proportional sliding-mode observer was the algorithm that exhibited the best performance.

Jicama root applications have focused on their nutraceutical properties without clearly specifying which compounds are related to this effect. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the changes in polysaccharides of nutraceutical interest in two commercial jicama roots (YS - Yellow Seed; PS - Purple Seed) during four stages of maturation, focusing on starch, fructooligosaccharides, and pectin (via galacturonic acid), and on their glycemic index, with the goal of determining, if possible, the best cost-effectiveness between jicama growing stages and nutraceutical effect. Both materials (YS, PS) presented similar growth rates (0.069 and 0.072 cm/day) and final sizes (12.7 ± 1.25, 12.3 ± 1.63 cm). Changes in size were accompanied by changes in protein, fiber, ashes, lipids, and carbohydrates, after 106 or 127 days of growing. It was also found that fructose content was higher than glucose during the maturing stages, possibly because of the hydrolysis of fructooligosaccharides or sucrose for starch production. Concerning inulin, its levels decreased (6.0%), after the first days (YS: 13.4% ± 0.7%; PS: 8.4% ± 0.2%, 106 days); however, during development, the presence of other fructooligosaccharides was observed (nystose-YS 106 days 15.8% ± 0.9% and PS-106 days 18.5% ± 0.1%), while galacturonic acid and native starch levels increased, which must be related to the jicama's low glycemic index found (25%), and their nutraceutical properties. This work proves the presence of inulin in jicama roots by analytical methods, its dependence on root development and classifies jicama as a low glycemic index food, supporting its nutraceutical character.

This study evaluates the production of a biological active surface agent (BASA) through its surface tension (ST) and emulsifying activity (E

Resumen: Introducción: Se ha demostrado que el desarrollo de burnout en los médicos se inicia desde su formación académica y puede repercutir en su vida personal.Objetivo Evaluar la prevalencia de burnout al inicio y tras un mes de rotación clínica. Material y métodos: Se empleó el Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey de 22 reactivos. Se evaluaron al inicio de la rotación, después de un período vacacional, y después de un mes de rotación clínica. Se estableció la prevalencia y las diferencias entre las 2 mediciones. Resultados: Veintiún (12,3%) alumnos presentaban síntomas de severidad al inicio del trimestre y 34 (19,8%) después del primer mes (p = 0,059). Tras eliminar la realización personal, 54 (31,6%) y 76 (44,2%) alumnos presentaron severidad en el resto de las dimensiones (p = 0,016), respectivamente. Conclusión: Después de un mes de exposición clínica se presentó un incremento significativo en la presencia de cansancio emocional, despersonalización y burnout. Abstract: Introduction: It has been demonstrated that the development of burnout in physicians begins during their academic training and it can affect their personal life. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of burnout in medical students at the beginning, and after one month of clinical rotation. Materials and methods: We evaluated students at the beginning of surgical clinical rotation and one month after using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. The prevalence and differences between the 2 measurements were calculated. Results: Twenty-one (12.3%) students showed symptoms of severity at the beginning, and 34 (19.8%) after the first month (P = .059). After eliminating the personal accomplishment scale, 54 (31.6%) and 76 (44.2%) students had severity of symptoms in the rest of the dimensions at the beginning and after one month, respectively (P = .016). Conclusion: Medical students showed an increase in the presence of severe burnout, as well as emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation after one month of clinical rotation. Palabras clave: Medicina, Burnout, Estudiantes, Internado, Keywords: Medicine, Burnout, Students, Rotation

This paper analyses the oxidation of ferrous iron via chemical and biological means in a class of Sequential Batch Reactors (SBR-type). For this, a kinetic model for the study of iron oxidation system is proposed, followed by a parametric sensitivity analysis and a bifurcation analysis, which allow selecting the most influential kinetic parameters in order to ensure a suitable prediction capacity of the mathematical structure. The system consists of two SBR bioreactors, the first being used to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that is fed to a second reactor where the iron oxidation is carried out by chemical–biological processes. Model predictions were compared with experimental data for the production of H2O2 and for ferrous iron oxidation, finding suitable correlation coefficients (r2 > 0.98) for each state variable. The bifurcation analysis showed the trajectories of the main variables, such as, biomass, H2O2 and ferrous iron, under the change of the most influential kinetic parameters. This analysis demonstrates the usefulness of the constructed model to predict the kinetic behaviour of the SBR-type process.

Background. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has significantly improved since the introduction of biologics like rituximab. Rituximab achieves selective B lymphocyte depletion and, thereby, reduce inflammation. It has adverse reactions related to the immunogenic response. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of rituximab adverse reactions in Mexican patients with RA. Methods. A prospective, observational, descriptive, open-labeled, multicenter cohort study of intensive pharmacovigilance was conducted during 17 months in 10 hospitals. We included 335 adult patients with RA, 26 male an 309 female. They received two doses of rituximab (1000 mg) on days 1 and 15 in combination with methotrexate. Adverse reactions were graded according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) scale and causality was established with the Naranjo algorithm. Infusions were classified as fast (0 to 180 minutes) and slow (> 181 minutes). The first and second infusions were compared. Results. The total number of infusion episodes recorded was 631 and 36 adverse reactions were informed in 24 patients (7.1 %). There were no differences between the variances of the first and second infusions. All the adverse reactions were considered mild to moderate (NCI Scale). According to Naranjo algorithm, the adverse reactions to rituximab were possible or probable. The infusion speed did not have an influence on the adverse reactions; whereas the incident rate was lower than that reported by other authors. Conclusions. Rituximab has a favorable safety profile in Mexican patients.

espanolLa literatura informa que la prevalencia de la ansiedad en edad infantil ha aumentado expo-nencialmente durante las ultimas decadas, lo que ha generado la necesidad de monitorear de forma permanente los estados emocionales, principalmente en ninos, y asi evitar las di-ficultades de esta problematica. El objetivo fue establecer diferencias en ansiedad escolar en funcion del sexo y el curso academico en estudiantes chilenos de educacion basica. Para esto se conto con 3212 alumnos de 30 colegios de Nuble, en Chile, 1639 ninas y 1573 ninos, en edades entre los ocho y los 15 anos (M = 10,05, DT = 1,01). La ansiedad escolar se evaluo con el Inventario de ansiedad escolar para educacion primaria, el cual evalua tres sistemas de respuesta (cognitiva, conductual y psicofisiologica), y cuatro factores situacionales (ansiedad ante el castigo escolar, ansiedad ante la victimizacion, ansiedad ante la evaluacion social y ansiedad ante la evaluacion y el fracaso escolar). Los resultados indican que las ninas presentan niveles de ansiedad significativamente mayores que los ninos, aunque de pequena magnitud. Con respecto al curso academico, se observan diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre 4° y 5°, entre 4° y 6° y entre 5° y 6° ano. Estos resultados corroboran los obtenidos en investigaciones previas y alertan sobre su permanencia en el tiempo. EnglishThe literature reports that the prevalence of anxiety in childhood has increased exponen-tially during the last decades, generating with it the need to permanently monitor emotional states mainly in children and thus avoid the difficulties of this problem. The objective was to establish differences in school anxiety according to gender and academic course in Chil-ean students of basic education. The sample consisted of 3212 students from 30 schools in Nuble, in Chile, 1639 girls and 1573 children and ages between 8 and 15 years (M = 10,05, DT = 1,01), school anxiety was evaluated with the School Anxiety Inventory for children of Elementary Education, which evaluates three response systems (cognitive, behavioral and psychophysiological), and four situational factors (anxiety about social assessment, anxiety about evaluation and school failure, school punishment and anxiety about victimization). The results indicate that girls have significantly higher anxiety levels than boys, although of small magnitude. Regarding the academic year, there are statistically significant differences between 4th and 5th, between 4th and 6th and between 5th and 6th year. These results corroborate those obtained in previous research and alert about the permanence of them over time.

Phytoplankton blooms can cause acute effects on marine ecosystems due either to their production of endogenous toxins or to their enormous biomass leading to major impacts on local economies and public health. Despite years of effort, the causes of these Harmful Algal Blooms are still not fully understood. Our hypothesis is that bacteria that produce photoactive siderophores may provide a bioavailable source of iron for phytoplankton which could in turn stimulate algal growth and support bloom dynamics. Here we correlate iron concentrations, phytoplankton cell counts, bacterial cell abundance, and copy numbers for a photoactive siderophore vibrioferrin biosynthesis gene in water samples taken from 2017 cruises in the Gulf of California, and the Pacific Ocean off the coast of northern Baja California as well as during a multiyear sampling at Scripps Pier in San Diego, CA. We find that bacteria producing the photoactive siderophore vibrioferrin, make up a surprisingly high percentage of total bacteria in Pacific/Gulf of California coastal waters (up to 9%). Vibroferrin's unique properties and the widespread prevalence of its bacterial producers suggest that it may contribute significantly to generating bioavailability of iron via photoredox reactions.

DOI: 10.7764/RDLC.17.3.465 The present research is focused on synthesizing and physically characterization different mixtures of concrete mortar reinforced with thermostable polymers from industrial waste. The mortars were made from the homogeneous mixture of cement, gravel, and water with additions of polyepoxide in different percentages. This polymer carried a milling process to obtain particle sizes of 1, 2 and 3mm. The mixtures were emptied in cubic bronze molds (5cm side) without vibrating compaction and allowed to stand for 24 hours before being removed. Ten mortars were prepared by mixture and they were cured in water for 28 days at room temperature before being characterized. Subsequently, the weight, compression strength and thermal conductivity of the samples were measured. The best results were for the mortars with additions of 100% polyepoxide (without gravel) and 3mm particle size, with a compression strength of 76.6kgcm -2 (higher than that required in mortars, 70kgcm -2 ), a thermal conductivity of 0.68Wm -1 K -1 (59.93% less than conventional mortar, 1.70Wm -1 K -1 ) and a weight of 141g (33.80% lower than the traditional mortar, 213g). According to the results obtained, a reliable alternative is presented to reuse waste material in the construction industry, replacing gravel by polyepoxide polymer particles in the process of manufacturing masonry elements providing the final product with the characteristics of lightness, thermal insulation, and acceptable compression strength, through simple, economical and sustainable processes.

This work makes use of the so-called phenomenological non-structured modelling approach to propose a novel mathematical structure for the description and prediction of the pH effect over an Isopropanol-Butanol-Ethanol (IBE) fermentation system by Clostridium acetobutylicum pIPA3-Cm2, which includes both an in-line approximation of the pH of the culture medium and also novel expressions to reflect its real time effect over the biomass growth and metabolic response in an attempt to generate a base for the development of process intensification strategies for said fermentation system for biofuel production purposes. The proposed model attained a correlation index R2 = 0.9931 and a p-value

La gastronomía tradicional ha tomado cada vez mayor protagonismo en la actividad turística. Actualmente, se puede considerar una tendencia en la cual existe un interés manifiesto por la búsqueda de lo singular, la diferencia, la vivencia, los tonos locales, la búsqueda de novedosas experiencias que la han situado más allá de un simple servicio complementario. No obstante, también se ha identificado un vacío en términos de un conocimiento más amplio pues, aun cuando existen iniciativas importantes para inventariar y visibilizar la gastronomía de México, no resultan suficientes para hacer frente al vasto, formidable y asombroso patrimonio gastronómico con el que se cuenta. En este marco, el objetivo del artículo es presentar un análisis y revaloración de los conocimientos generados a través de los trabajos de titulación de la Facultad de Turismo y Gastronomía de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), con base en un estudio documental, que implicó un procedimiento sistemático de indagación, recolección, organización, análisis e interpretación de datos. Como principal conclusión se perfila la necesidad de un compendio gastronómico de los municipios mexiquenses orientado al registro de la riqueza de conocimientos culinarios de orden local que puede resultar un atractivo cultural potencial. Así, el registro de información gastronómica puede convertirse en una fuente de conocimiento en la generación de estrategias de preservación y difusión del patrimonio culinario en donde el aporte del turismo gastronómico puede resultar importante.

Se reflexiona sobre el argumento de que sin los demás no somos ni existe el mundo. Es decir, si hay una realidad es porque hay otros. Esa es la idea que Michel Tournier, en un sentido ontológico, plantea en su primer novela, Viernes o los limbos del Pacífico. La metodología de este artículo consistió en la revisión de la obra, posteriormente, el concepto de alteridad se analizó como eje dialógico de ciertas partes de la narración y, por último, mediante el planteamiento de preguntas, se fue creando un discurso que muestra la vigencia contemporánea del pensamiento del escritor al actualizar el mito de Robinson Crusoe.