101. Gene-expression profiling of laser-dissected islets and studies in deficient mice reveal chemokines as differential driving force of type 1 diabetes.
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Bender, Christine, Müller, Peter, Tondello, Camilla, Horn, Jessica, Holdener, Martin, Lasch, Stanley, Bayer, Monika, Pfeilschifter, Josef M., Tacke, Frank, Ludwig, Andreas, Hansmann, Martin-Leo, Döring, Claudia, Hintermann, Edith, and Christen, Urs
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TYPE 1 diabetes , *ISLANDS , *T cell receptors , *CHEMOKINE receptors , *CHEMOKINES , *AUTOIMMUNE diseases - Abstract
Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells, its treatment is largely restricted to exogenous insulin administration. Only few therapies targeting the autoaggressive immune system have been introduced into clinical practice or are considered in clinical trials. Here, we provide a gene expression profile of the islet microenvironment obtained by laser-dissection microscopy in an inducible mouse model. Thereby, we have identified novel targets for immune intervention. Increased gene expression of most inflammatory proteins was apparent at day 10 after T1D induction and largely paralleled the observed degree of insulitis. We further focused on genes involved in leukocyte migration, including chemokines and their receptors. Besides the critical chemokine CXCL10, we found several other chemokines upregulated locally in temporary or chronic manner. Localization of the chemokine ligand/receptor pairs to the islet microenvironment has been confirmed by RNAscope. Interference with the CXCL16-CXCR6 and CX 3 CL1-CX 3 CR1 axes, but not the CCL5-CCR1/3/5 axis, resulted in reduced insulitis and lower T1D incidence. Further, we found that the receptors for the differentially expressed chemokines CXCL10, CXCL16 and CX 3 CL1 are distributed unevenly among islet autoantigen-specific T cells, which explains why the interference with just one chemokine axis cannot completely abrogate insulitis and T1D. [Display omitted] • The autoaggressive immune response is still a neglected target in T1D. • By laser-dissecting microscopy of islet microenvironments we have identified novel targets for a therapeutic intervention. • Interference with the CXCL16-CXCR6 and CX 3 CL1-CX 3 CR1 axes resulted in reduced insulitis and lower T1D incidence. • There is uneven distribution of chemokine receptors on autoaggressive T cells. • Combination therapies targeting more than one chemokine axes might be more successful than monotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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