Search

The aim of this article is to discuss and encourage reflection upon the impacts of the corona virus pandemic in early childhood education for working-class children who live in peripheral urban areas in the city of São Gonçalo, in Rio de Janeiro's Metropolitan Area (RJMA). In face of the pandemic scenery and the imposed social distancing, which resulted in the closing down of day care centers and kindergartens, it is required that the presence of (in)visible small kids in São Gonçalo be debated. From the methodological point of view, we bring doubt as a method (GARCIA, 2009) from questions that are intensified in times of uncertainty and the breakage of ties. We believe that discussing the impacts of the pandemic in the life of small children refers us to the challenge of investigating which potential knowledge, due to the corona virus pandemic, can mobilize reflection and practices that are favorable to the education and care of the kids referred to, raising questions and considerations that can contribute to a better acceptance and education of small children in nursery schools and public pre-schools in the city. O presente artigo busca problematizar e provocar reflexões acerca dos impactos da pandemia do coronavírus na Educação Infantil destinada às crianças pequenas das classes populares que vivem em periferias urbanas da cidade de São Gonçalo, na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ). Diante do cenário pandêmico e do isolamento social decretado, que implicou no fechamento de creches e pré-escolas, urge interrogar sobre a presença (in)visível de crianças pequenas em São Gonçalo. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trazemos a dúvida como método (GARCIA, 2009) a partir de questões que se intensificam num tempo de incertezas e rompimento de vínculos. Acreditamos que problematizar os impactos da pandemia na vida de crianças pequenas, nos remete ao desafio de investigar que potenciais conhecimentos decorrentes da pandemia do coronavírus podem mobilizar reflexões e práticas favoráveis à educação e ao cuidado das referidas crianças, trazendo questões e ponderações que possam contribuir para um melhor acolhimento e educação das crianças pequenas nas creches e pré-escolas públicas do município.

The aim of this study is to investigate how pre-school children perceive the covid-19 pandemic through their drawings. Therefore, 58 children from the age groups 3, 4 and 5 were asked to draw a corona virus-themed picture and then individual interviews which were recorded were conducted with 30 children including 10 from each age group. In the study, while the content analysis was used for the analysis of the data from the pictures, descriptive analysis was used for the interviews. According to the results of the study, there is consistency between the drawings and interviews of the children. As the children in the age group 3 depicted the virüs including fear elements, the ones in the age group 4 and 5 drew corona virus in various categories. The results of the interviews suggest that the children are nervous and worried about the virus and they are afraid of it. They know what the corona virüs is, how it infects the people and how they could protect themselves from the virus. For the children, the methods of protection from the virus are wearing masks, a healthy diet, washing hands, staying at home and keeping social distance. In addition, though their homes are the safest places, they have missed their school, friends and playing in the parks.

This article describes the essence of distance learning technologies in the system of professional development of preschool education and its implementation in practice.

Child-care centers are major trip generators for households with pre-school aged children (

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a importância da avaliação para a educação infantil, com enfoque nas concepções e práticas avaliativas. O texto apresenta aspectos presentes na legislação e em documentos orientadores sobre a temática da avaliação nesta etapa, bem como estudos e pesquisas de autores que abordam essa discussão. Consideramos que avaliar na educação infantil é parte intrínseca da prática pedagógica e que deve buscar favorecer o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, não ocorrendo apenas em momentos de final de percurso, mas permeando todo o processo vivenciado nas instituições. Por fim, é compartilhado um estudo de caso realizado com professoras de um centro municipal de educação infantil referente à percepção que apresentam do processo de avaliação das crianças em um contexto de mudança de orientações. Foram verificados avanços e dificuldades enfrentadas pelas docentes nesse processo de novas concepções e práticas de avaliação, bem como relações estabelecidas com suas práticas pedagógicas.

The theses discus the importance of the interaction between children and the surrounding architecture environment to develop their cognitive, motor activities & social development. This study contains the real needs of the children to develop architectural elements for better improvement of the children social and educational skills later on. The theses aimed to develop urban places for children in Pre School stage it helps in intellectual growth and cognitive learning to find out correlation between the child conscious senses and his motor active reaction to develop his mental capabilities.

Crickets have been promoted as a possible animal protein source in child feeding by enriching porridge with cricket powder due to its nutritional contribution and affordability. The aim of this study was to develop a nutrient-dense cereal- cricket porridge suitable for school feeding programmes in Kenya and determine its safety and acceptability in comparison to cereal and cereal-milk porridges. Porridge flours containing maize and millet (MM), maize, millet and milk powder (M10) or maize, millet and cricket powder (C5) were processed by extrusion cooking based on nutritional requirements of children aged 3–5 years. Microbial and aflatoxin safety was determined using standard methods. Caregivers (n = 73) evaluated the sensory attributes of the porridges using a seven-point hedonic scale while consumer acceptability by children (n = 138) was evaluated in a randomized parallel intervention study over four weeks. The children were served 300 ml of either MM, M10 or C5 porridge during school days for four weeks. Daily porridge consumption quantities were taken with consumption of >75% of the porridge being rated highly acceptable, 50–75% moderately acceptable and 75% of the serving, acceptance of MM increased from 98% in week 1 to 100% in week 4, M10 increased from 91% to 100% while C5 increased from 55% to 70% over the same period. Only 5% of the children recorded

The importance of play as a vehicle through which learning takes place for young children is well documented. Play in its many forms contributes to all types of development. Outdoor areas provide p...

Introduction: To clarify the causes, types, and mechanisms of injuries in children, we collected injury cases and analyzed their causes. Methods: During the 3-year period from 2013, we collected injury cases from three sources: nursery schools and kindergartens (A), emergency clinics of hospitals (B), and schools and a clinic for the developmentally disabled (C), using a format designed by Safe Kids Japan. Results: In all, 383 cases were collected during the 3-year period. The causes of the injuries in group A were crashes, falls, and so on. The types of injuries were cuts, bruises, fractures, injuries of teeth, etc. Dislocations and abrasions were prominent in nursery school children (aged less than 3 years) and bone fractures were prominent in kindergarten children aged more than 3 years. Group B consisted of 144 cases. The most common causes of injuries were falls, traffic accidents, and so on, and the types of injuries were fractures, abrasions, sprains, etc. The incidence of fractures was particularly high and 50% of the accidents were bicycle accidents. Group C consisted of 41 cases. Although the age distribution was similar to that of group B, the types of accidents and injuries were similar to those of group A. The Bodygraphic Injury Surveillance System (BISS) analysis showed that groups A and C were similar, that is, injuries occurred mainly to the head, whereas in group B, the extremities were mainly affected. Conclusions: We analyzed the causes, types, and mechanisms of childhood injuries. The BISS may help to clarify the mechanisms of injuries in childhood.

Improving the quality of nutrition for children with gluten intolerance in preschool institutions is an important state task. Relevant adjustment of the diet enables to reduce the risk of the celiac syndrome. Balanced nutrient composition of diet is necessary for the harmonious growth and development of a child. The aim of the research was to develop specialized diet for children with gluten intolerance and celiac desease in municipal preschool educational institutions. Material and methods. A study of the 10-days full-day menu of children aged 3 to 7 years was carried out. To compose the specialized menu, we used the computational program "MDOU Calculate menu. Universal program for kindergarten". Technological maps of dishes in municipal preschool educational institutions were used. The calculation of the supply of the diet with vitamins, minerals and trace elements and the deviation of the nutritional and energy value of the diet from the recommended daily intake was made. Results. The necessity of developing a specialized diet for children 3-7 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of celiac disease, as well as for children on a gluten-free diet has been substantiated. A specialized daily food ration has been developed, consisting of four meals. Analysis of the nutritional and energy value of the dishes offered in the menu showed the minimum deviation of the obtained indicators from recommended daily intake. The necessity of introducing the developed diet into the system of specialized nutrition in preschool educational institutions has been substantiated. Conclusion. The results of the work indicate that under the conditions of state funding, there is a possibility of adjusting the existing food rations for the full-fledged socialization of children with various diseases.

The article highlights the need for a highly professional culture for the comprehensive formation of knowledge, skills and skills of pre-school teachers and the pedagogical methods of the formation of this culture. To do this, the educator must first immediately express his attitude to pedagogical situations that consist of trainees of different character, often changing in the group community and give him a fair assessment. As a result of thinking and feeling, testing in marriage, universal and national-moral qualities, rules, norms become the moral virtue of the educator himself.

Control of infectious diseases requires switching from usual hygiene such as water wiping and cleaning, to control measures including appropriate and aggressive disinfection using 70% alcohol and/or hypochlorous acid depending on the pathogen. Nevertheless, some nursery schools might not understand or select proper disinfectant methods. A survey was administered by the local government of Ibaraki prefecture, Japan in January 2018 to all 456 nursery schools in Ibaraki prefecture. The surveyed items were the number of nursery teachers, usual manual hygiene among children, usual disinfection for lavatories, diaper changing spaces, tables used by children for meals, and classroom floors when there was no vomiting in the facilities and no outbreak in surrounding area. Moreover, it asked about disinfection procedures if children vomited during a community outbreak of gastroenteritis infection. We defined proper use for usual disinfection of a lavatory or diaper changing space as chlorine-based disinfectant including hypochlorous acid or 70% alcohol according to guidelines. Overall, 403 nursery schools responded to the survey. All nursery schools implemented usual hand hygiene. Association between proper disinfection and the size of nursery schools was not significant. Moreover, association between proper disinfection and nursery schools with nurse presence was not found to be significant.

Assuming that secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) in pre-schoolers is influenced by wake-up time, bedtime, sleeping duration and activity, the current study examined the influence of basic pre-schooler lifestyle on the circadian rhythm of s-IgA. We conducted a questionnaire survey on lifestyle and measured steps, heart rate and salivary s-IgA in 44 pre-schoolers aged 4 or 5 years old. Saliva was collected over 2 days at six time points: bedtime, upon waking up, upon arriving at nursery school, before lunch, after lunch and upon going home. To obtain relatively reliable s-IgA values, the s-IgA concentration/total protein concentration ratio (referred to as s-IgA/T.P.) was calculated. Relationship between the s-IgA/T.P. and heart rate, steps, wake-up time, bedtime and sleeping duration was then examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Accordingly, pre-schooler lifestyle had the following effect on circadian rhythm of s-IgA: 1) s-IgA/T.P. values were higher upon waking up than at other measurement time points; 2) pre-schoolers with considerable physical activity had high s-IgA/T.P. at bedtime and upon waking up; and 3) pre-schoolers with long sleeping durations and early bedtime had high s-IgA/T.P. upon waking up. Thus, our results confirmed that pre-schoolers’ lifestyle habits, such as bedtime, sleeping duration, physical activity, had an effect on the circadian rhythm of s-IgA.

The changes taking place in the social and economic life of Uzbekistan have a significant impact on the further development of the education system. These have also affected pre-schools. The Education Act defined the new status of preschool as an educational institution and "parents are the first educators. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child's personality at an early age". The cooperation between parents and the staff of the pre-school ensures the fulfillment of the state's educational objectives for children. It can therefore be seen as a priority for the pre-school.

Global developmental delay (GDD) is defined as significant delay in two or more developmental domains, including motor, speech and language, cognition, social/personal and activities of daily livin...

The absence of mutual respect and tolerance in preschoolers is getting stronger. This research aims to elaborate on the manifestation and causes of intolerance and examine the effect of positive parenting on intolerance. This research is field research using survey and experimental methods. The survey was been conducted to identify teacher needs as a basis for developing a positive parenting module. Experiments were been conducted to see the effect of positive parenting on intolerance. The subjects of this research were 129 pre-school children in Yogyakarta who were been selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis uses qualitative analysis techniques (reduction, display, and conclusion) and quantitative (t-test). The results showed Intolerance of many pre-school children occurs around religion and morals (blaming and hating the religion of different friends, not wanting to share and make friends with friends who are different from themselves). Causes of intolerance include imitating songs, watching television, and the internet, imitating parents, friends, or teachers. Positive parenting affects the intolerance of pre-school children, as indicated by the value of t = 3.396 and p = 0.000, which means that positive parenting can reduce pre-school children's intolerance. Therefore, sustainable positive parenting needs to be implemented within both the family, school, and community, so that intolerance in pre-school children does not arise.

The article ‘Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Pre-School Education in Nepal,’ explores the increasing trend of the Early Childhood Education (ECE) system in Kathmandu Valley, which is shaping the perspective of people on education, and in turn, the ways people’s attitude is reshaping this emerging ECE trend. The gradual breakdown of the conventional education approach and adoption of new system is in the liminal stage. Unplanned introduction of such education borrowed from different cultural contexts seems to generate a complex, and sometimes conflicting response from society. The fieldwork of this paper was carried out at Ravibhawan of Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Two Montessori-based pre-schools from the Ravibhawan area were chosen for this purpose. It follows the anthropological inquiry with descriptive and exploratory approach. Participant observation and the narratives of the informants constitute the basis of primary information. Both key informant interviews, and informal discussions are employed to explore the emic perspectives of the concerned. Government documents and other relevant literatures are the source of secondary information. Purposive sampling is the main basis of informant selection. This paper finds that there is a complicated and much-embedded relationship between pre-schooling, and the existing socio-cultural contexts of the communities. Several factors including the notion of family, gender roles, economic and social status, and the increasing global connectivity seem to be in complex interaction to influence the final choice of the parents. This study is a contribution towards the anthropology of pre-school education in Nepal. Despite the increasing importance of pre-school education, and its increasing trend in Nepal, anthropologists seem to be less interested in exploring this field.

This paper presents perspectives from early childhood practitioners of pre-school children’s (n = 100) social and emotional competencies upon entering pre-school and again after term three of the p...

The study is an attempt to explore the difference between the impact of oral mother goose songs (OMGS) and animated mother goose songs (AMGS) in language acquisition of pre-school kids. Two focus groups of fifteen mothers of pre-school kids in each are formed. Mothers of the focus group (oral) were advised to sing OMGS for their kids and mothers of the focus group (animated) were asked to show AMGS to their kids. The study concludes that role of OMGS is negative and AMGS is positive in terms of creating phonological awareness. OMGS and AMGS can both play a positive role in enriching the vocabulary of pre-school kids if screen time is limited, and parental monitoring is ensured. However, the role of OMGS is positive, and AMGS is negative in enhancing the speaking skills of pre-school kids.

Efforts to develop verbal expression in children should take into account the multifaceted dimension and complex character of linguistic abilities. The article presents the results of studies on developing the pre-school child’s verbal expression with the use of thematic activities in working with children. The investigations used quantitative-qualitative methods, taking into account the frequency and increase in vocabulary, length of utterance (number of words), and the number and average of words in a sentence-utterance.

Activity areas of the head of the educational institution include school administration and management, purposeful use of human and material resources to ensure the quality of education. The school context influences the heads’ working day and their time distribution; therefore, it is relevant to conduct research to evaluate the contextual factors determining the opportunities and limitations of heads’ working time planning. The aim of the research is to investigate the distribution of working time of pre-school institutions’ heads for performance of different functions and to reveal the opportunities and limitations of working time planning. The study was conducted in 2018-2019. During the first stage of the study, one head of the pre-school institution from each of three European countries (Lithuania, France, Italy) was surveyed. The results of the survey have shown certain similarities in heads’ activities due to the specificity of the head’s work, starting with the formation of strategic aims, parents’ and social partners’ involvement in the institution’s activities and finishing with the assessment of the quality of the institution’s activity. Given that heads of different countries work in quite different contexts and under different working conditions, it is not appropriate to draw summarising conclusions, but the obtained data can be used in developing the methodology of analogous research. During the second stage, the topics of planning the working time of the heads of pre-school educational institutions were analysed. The heads of Siauliai pre-school educational institutions, involved in the study, have revealed that they spend most of their time working with the documents of the institution, solving personnel and financial issues. In other words, the activity prevailing in the work of the heads of Lithuanian pre-school institutions is administrative-bureaucratic processes, while the heads themselves are inclined to use part of that time for supervision and improvement of the educational process and for their own professional development. Although one of the head’s functions is proper and timely planning of activities, and thus, of their own working time, in practice obstacles to time planning, related to management of human and material resources and multi-tasking, when several activities differing in content and scope are performed simultaneously, are encountered. Keywords: working time planning, pre-school educational institution, head of the pre-school educational institution, distributed leadership.

Aim: To study effect of educational status of Anganwadi Workers on oral health education program and its impact on improving oral health of preschool children in Muradnagar block, Ghaziabad. Materials and Methods: Study was done amongst 30 Anganwadi Centres of Muradnagar selected by simple random sampling. Sample size was calculated to be 503. Anganwadi Workers were divided into four groups depending on their educational status. Pre tested questionnaire was used to assess baseline knowledge of Anganwadi workers on oral health. Oral health education was imparted to them. Clinical examination of preschool children attending Anganwadi centres was done at baseline and after oral health education program. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 18. Results: Mean values of knowledge scores were found to be higher in Anganwadi workers (36.7) with high educational status leading to higher improvement (76%) in oral health status of preschool children. Conclusion: Educational Status of Anganwadi Workers has a significant impact on their oral health knowledge and efficiency of improving oral health status of preschool children. Keywords: Educational status, Anganwadi workers, Pre school children.

Children in pre-school are in the golden age who need to practice their language to each participant in this area. Usually, the language used both by the children even the teachers is unformal. It is because the children are in the stage of learning how to interact with others, therefore, the language sometimes is used ungrammatically. Then the data is compiled from the field observation in pre-school at Kota Langsa to find out the linguistic phenomenon in the kinds of school. By using the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) analysis by Halliday, it is found that there is some minor clause used in the conversation among the children and the students. The minor clause in the theory is called “vocative” which is usually known as “calls”. There are twenty-eight (28) “calls” used in the instructional process at the pre-school. Some “calls” is form as a word but the other is form as a kind of vocalizations. The “calls”, however, have a different usage depending on the speakers and the addressee. It is different when the calls are used as the students talk to their friends when the calls are used by the teachers to the students, and vice versa. This kind of minor clause is interesting to be explored since there are only limited researches observed about this issue. Though, it can enrich the study of language especially for the function of a call (vocative).

BackgroundAn association between bladder-bowel dysfunction (BBD) and urinary tract infection (UTI) is well-known. However, a question less explored is whether children with UTI early in life also have increased prevalence of BBD after they are toilet-trained. In this study, consecutively selected children with pyelonephritis during their first year of life were assessed for BBD at pre-school age.MethodsNinety-two children (51 boys) hospitalized due to pyelonephritis during their first year of life were assessed for BBD at median age 5.4 years. A validated BBD questionnaire, along with urine flow and residual volume measurements, was used for diagnosing BBD. During follow-up, the group was well-characterized regarding renal status, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and recurrent UTI.ResultsBBD was diagnosed in 35/92 (38%), of which the majority was sub-diagnosed with dysfunctional voiding (DV). There was a strong association between BBD and recurrent UTI during follow-up (p p = 0.0008). BBD was also associated with kidney damage (p = 0.017).ConclusionIn children with pyelonephritis during the first year of life, 38% had BBD at pre-school age, regardless of whether they had VUR or not. The study shows an important association between BBD and recurrent UTI, so an assessment of BBD is therefore recommended for pre-school children with UTI, especially when they have history of pyelonephritis during infancy.

Wearing shoes of insufficient length leads to the development of bunions (hallux valgus). We inspected the feet and the fit of shoes worn by pre-school-aged children in Japan and compared the resul...

The number of people with excess weight increases every year. Overweight and obesity in childhood can cause several chronic diseases in adulthood. Children with excess body mass develop more morphological and functional changes, including pulmonary functions. One of the common methods to assess lung function is spirometry. This method is a challenge in assessing lung function for pre-school age children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between lung vital capacity and body mass index for the pre-school children aged 3–7 years in Rīga. In total 995 pre-school children were included in the study. An informative consent and questionnaire about the development of each individual child was filled in by parents. Several measurements were performed, including height, body mass, and lung vital capacity. This is the first study in Latvia where several morphologic and somatometric measurements were determined in children of pre-school age. There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between lung vital capacity and body height, mass, and chest circumference. The correlation between lung vital capacity and body mass index was not statistically significant. The main results do not differ from the results of similar studies in other countries. The obtained results will help to create a standard of morphological and somatometric parameters in pre-school aged children in Rīga region.

The article discusses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on pre-school provision for children and Special educational needs coordinator (SENCO) forums. Topics include the need to prepare children to achieve learning and behavioral skills; and the need to reduce challenges related to education, and teaching for the overall development of students.

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo conocer el desempeno linguistico, especificamente fonetico-fonologico y lexico-semantico, de un grupo de 30 preescolares que cursan el nivel medio menor en jardines infantiles pertenecientes a una institucion educativa de servicio publico, y que se ubican en la provincia de Concepcion (Chile). En esta investigacion, se observo la incidencia del sexo en los resultados obtenidos por los ninos y la relacion entre el rendimiento presentado por ellos en los dos niveles linguisticos indicados anteriormente. Con tales propositos, a los ninos se les aplicaron dos nstrumentos de evaluacion: el TEVIR, con la finalidad de medir el vocabulario pasivo o la comprension lexica que ellos poseian, y el test TREFF, una prueba a la repeticion de palabras, especialmente disenado para medir el desempeno fonetico-fonologico en el habla infantil. Los resultados de esta investigacion indican que un porcentaje importante del grupo de preescolares observados presento un desempeno linguistico bajo lo esperado en las dos competencias linguisticas evaluadas. Por otra parte, los resultados evidenciaron que existen diferencias entre ninos y ninas, por cuanto estas ultimas manifestaron un mejor rendimiento en los dos niveles linguisticos considerados en este estudio. Asimismo, los resultados demostraron la existencia de una relacion significativa entre el rendimiento de los ninos en los dos niveles linguisticos, es decir, a mayor desempeno fonetico-fonologico, mayor desempeno lexico-semantico y, viceversa. Abstract: The aim of this work is to learn about the linguistic performance, specifically phoneticphonological and lexical-semantic, of a group of 30 pre-school children in the lower middle level in nursery schools that belong to Fundacion Integra in the Concepcion Province. We observed the incidence of sex in the results obtained by the children and the relationship between their performance in the two linguistic levels mentioned above. For this purpose, the children were given two evaluation instruments: TEVI-R, with the aim of measuring the passive vocabulary or lexical comprehension that they had, and the TREFF test, a word repetition test, especially designed to measure the phoneticphonological performance in child speech. The results of this investigation show that a significant percentage of the pre-school group observed showed a linguistic performance below what was expected in the two linguistic competences evaluated. On the other hand, the results showed that there are differences between boys and girls, as the latter showed a better performance in the two linguistic levels considered in this study. Likewise, the results also showed there is a significant relationship between the children’s performance in the two linguistic levels, that is, the higher the phonetic-phonological performance, the higher the lexical-semantic performance, and vice versa.

L’article est centré sur l’éducation préscolaire en Bohême au XIXe siècle, surtout pendant sa seconde moitié. On y analyse les structures éducatives, leur développement et les influences étrangères qu’elles ont subies, surtout celles qui viennent d’Allemagne et de France. L’accent est mis sur la correspondance entre Marie Riegrová, fondatrice des écoles maternelles à Prague, et Marie Pape-Carpantier, personnage important de l´éducation préscolaire en France. La contribution s’efforce d’expliquer les stratégies utilisées pour faire valoir les intérêts nationaux tchèques dans l’éducation des petits enfants, de même qu’elle s’attache à décrire les modèles offerts dans les publications de M. Pape-Carpantier. Elle s’intéresse en premier lieu à la traduction d’une œuvre de la pédagogue, Conseils sur la direction des salles d’asiles en tchèque. Cette traduction a été réalisée par une jeune femme tchèque, ancienne participante aux cours parisiens de Marie Pape-Carpantier. Son impact semble, toutefois, avoir été assez restreint sur le milieu éducatif en Bohême.

Aim of the study is to present information on using information and communication technologies by university students, who are preparing for teaching profession. The research problem was to examine, whether there are any differences in using information and communication technologies between Polish and Slovak university students, future teachers. The questionnaire of own design was used for the purpose of the study, and it was consisted of 8 items. The research sample included 76 Polish and Slovak full-time students from two universities. Research results has shown that the Polish students devote more time to use information and communication technologies than the Slovak ones. The remaining items answers have not shown any significant differences between the answers of Polish and Slovak students.

The purpose of the study was to examine the attitudes of pre-service teachers in primary and pre-school pedagogy to work in their subject. 76 pre-service teachers in primary and pre-school pedagogy on the Bachelor’s degree from Trakia University in Stara Zagora participated in the research. Half of the respondents had professional experience at primary schools or kindergartens. A special questionnaire was applied, related to the attitudes of the future teachers. The statistical method used for the research was alternative analysis. Factors influencing the professional realization and career development of the future teachers in the conditions of the dynamically reforming education in Bulgaria were presented. The pre-service teachers in primary and pre-school pedagogy were willing to continue their qualification and education. The future teachers would like to work in their special subject and would not change the profession. Different motives for professional realization of future teachers were established.

The article describes the results of studying the social and communicative development of preschool children, in particular – the features of interpersonal relationships of children brought up in different age groups of pre-school educational institutions. The studies aim is to identify the features of the sociometric structure of a group of different ages, motives and needs for communication, such communicative qualities as initiativity, selectivity, and stability of communication. Methods of research. The study was conducted in pre-school educational institutions in Petrozavodsk. To test the hypothesis, the following methods were used: sociometric method and the method of involved observation, quantitative and qualitative analysis. Discussion of results. Analysis of the results of the study showed that children in different age groups have specific features of social and communicative development, which may be the result of spontaneous socialization factors. Among the highlighted features there is an incomplete sociometric structure of the pre-school group of different ages, the dominance of pragmatic motivation for communication, the predominance of heterogeneous game groups by gender and age, rigid fixation of positions in communication, and strict normative regulation of interaction between children of different ages. It is concluded that the results obtained can be used to determine the directions of educational work of specialists, manage spontaneous factors of socialization in order to minimize their negative impact on the social development of children.