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102. I03 CAG-targeted brain-permeable protein lowering strategy tested in polyQ mouse models

Author

Surdyka, Magdalena, primary, Niewiadomska-Cimicka, Anna, additional, Kalinowska-Poska, Zaneta, additional, Jesion, Ewelina, additional, Singer-Mikosch, Elisabeth, additional, Fievet, Lorraine, additional, Fiszer, Agnieszka, additional, Caron, Nicholas S, additional, Hayden, Michael R, additional, Nguyen, Huu Phuc, additional, Trottier, Yvon, additional, and Figiel, Maciej, additional

Published
2022
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108. European pollen-based REVEALS land-cover reconstructions for the Holocene: methodology, mapping and potentials

Author

Esther Githumbi Ralph Fyfe Marie-Jose Gaillard Anna-Kari Trondman Florence Mazier Anne-Birgitte Nielsen Anneli Poska Shinya Sugita Jessie Woodbridge Julien Azuara Angelica Feurdean Roxana Grindean Vincent Lebreton Laurent Marquer Nathalie Nebout-Combourieu Migle Stančikaite Ioan Tantau Spassimir Tonkov Lyudmila Shumilovskikh and and Esther Githumbi Ralph Fyfe Marie-Jose Gaillard Anna-Kari Trondman Florence Mazier Anne-Birgitte Nielsen Anneli Poska Shinya Sugita Jessie Woodbridge Julien Azuara Angelica Feurdean Roxana Grindean Vincent Lebreton Laurent Marquer Nathalie Nebout-Combourieu Migle Stančikaite Ioan Tantau Spassimir Tonkov Lyudmila Shumilovskikh and

Abstract

Quantitative reconstructions of past land cover are necessary to determine the processes involved in climate-human-land-cover interactions. We present the first temporally continuous and most spatially extensive pollen-based land-cover reconstruction for Europe over the Holocene (last 11g€¯700g€¯calg€¯yrg€¯BP). We describe how vegetation cover has been quantified from pollen records at a 11 spatial scale using the "Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites"(REVEALS) model. REVEALS calculates estimates of past regional vegetation cover in proportions or percentages. REVEALS has been applied to 1128 pollen records across Europe and part of the eastern Mediterranean-Black Sea-Caspian corridor (30-75° N, 25° W-50° E) to reconstruct the percentage cover of 31 plant taxa assigned to 12 plant functional types (PFTs) and 3 land-cover types (LCTs). A new synthesis of relative pollen productivities (RPPs) for European plant taxa was performed for this reconstruction. It includes multiple RPP values (≥2 values) for 39 taxa and single values for 15 taxa (total of 54 taxa). To illustrate this, we present distribution maps for five taxa (Calluna vulgaris, Cerealia type (t)., Picea abies, deciduous Quercus t. and evergreen Quercus t.) and three land-cover types (open land, OL; evergreen trees, ETs; and summer-green trees, STs) for eight selected time windows. The reliability of the REVEALS reconstructions and issues related to the interpretation of the results in terms of landscape openness and human-induced vegetation change are discussed. This is followed by a review of the current use of this reconstruction and its future potential utility and development. REVEALS data quality are primarily determined by pollen count data (pollen count and sample, pollen identification, and chronology) and site type and number (lake or bog, large or small, one site vs. multiple sites) used for REVEALS analysis (for each grid cell). A large number of sites with high-q

Published
2022

109. Mid-Holocene European climate revisited : New high-resolution regional climate model simulations using pollen-based land-cover

Author

Strandberg, Gustav, Lindström, Johan, Poska, Anneli, Zhang, Qiong, Fyfe, Ralph, Githumbi, Esther, Kjellström, Erik, Mazier, Florenze, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Sugita, Shinya, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Woodbridge, Jessie, Gaillard, Marie-José, Strandberg, Gustav, Lindström, Johan, Poska, Anneli, Zhang, Qiong, Fyfe, Ralph, Githumbi, Esther, Kjellström, Erik, Mazier, Florenze, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Sugita, Shinya, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Woodbridge, Jessie, and Gaillard, Marie-José

Abstract

Land-cover changes have a clear impact on local climates via biophysical effects. European land cover has been affected by human activities for at least 6000 years, but possibly longer. It is thus highly probable that humans altered climate before the industrial revolution (AD1750–1850). In this study, climate and vegetation 6000 years (6 ka) ago is investigated using one global climate model, two regional climate models, one dynamical vegetation model, pollen-based reconstruction of past vegetation cover using a model of the pollen-vegetation relationship and a statistical model for spatial interpolation of the reconstructed land cover. This approach enables us to study 6 ka climate with potential natural and reconstructed land cover, and to determine how differences in land cover impact upon simulated climate. The use of two regional climate models enables us to discuss the robustness of the results. This is the first experiment with two regional climate models of simulated palaeo-climate based on regional climate models. Different estimates of 6 ka vegetation are constructed: simulated potential vegetation and reconstructed vegetation. Potential vegetation is the natural climate-induced vegetation as simulated by a dynamical vegetation model driven by climate conditions from a climate model. Bayesian spatial model interpolated point estimates of pollen-based plant abundances combined with estimates of climate-induced potential un-vegetated land cover were used for reconstructed vegetation. The simulated potential vegetation is heavily dominated by forests: evergreen coniferous forests dominate in northern and eastern Europe, while deciduous broadleaved forests dominate central and western Europe. In contrast, the reconstructed vegetation cover has a large component of open land in most of Europe. The simulated 6 ka climate using reconstructed vegetation was 0–5 °C warmer than the pre-industrial (PI) climate, depending on season and region. The largest differences

Published
2022
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110. Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

Author

Reckermann, Marcus, Omstedt, Anders, Soomere, Tarmo, Aigars, Juris, Akhtar, Naveed, Beldowska, Magdalena, Beldowski, Jacek, Cronin, Tom, Czub, Michal, Eero, Margit, Hyytiainen, Kari Petri, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Kiessling, Anders, Kjellström, Erik, Kulinski, Karol, Larsen, Xiaoli Guo, McCrackin, Michelle, Meier, Markus, Oberbeckmann, Sonja, Parnell, Kevin, Pons-Seres de Brauwer, Cristian, Poska, Anneli, Saarinen, Jarkko, Szymczycha, Beata, Undeman, Emma, Worman, Anders, Zorita, Eduardo, Reckermann, Marcus, Omstedt, Anders, Soomere, Tarmo, Aigars, Juris, Akhtar, Naveed, Beldowska, Magdalena, Beldowski, Jacek, Cronin, Tom, Czub, Michal, Eero, Margit, Hyytiainen, Kari Petri, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Kiessling, Anders, Kjellström, Erik, Kulinski, Karol, Larsen, Xiaoli Guo, McCrackin, Michelle, Meier, Markus, Oberbeckmann, Sonja, Parnell, Kevin, Pons-Seres de Brauwer, Cristian, Poska, Anneli, Saarinen, Jarkko, Szymczycha, Beata, Undeman, Emma, Worman, Anders, and Zorita, Eduardo

Published
2022
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111. European pollen-based REVEALS land-cover reconstructions for the Holocene : methodology, mapping and potentials

Author

Githumbi, Esther, Fyfe, Ralph, Gaillard, Marie-José, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Mazier, Florence, Nielsen, Anne-Birgitte, Poska, Anneli, Sugita, Shinya, Woodbridge, Jessie, Azuara, Julien, Feurdean, Angelica, Grindean, Roxana, Lebreton, Vincent, Marquer, Laurent, Nebout-Combourieu, Nathalie, Stancikaite, Migle, Tantau, Ioan, Tonkov, Spassimir, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Githumbi, Esther, Fyfe, Ralph, Gaillard, Marie-José, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Mazier, Florence, Nielsen, Anne-Birgitte, Poska, Anneli, Sugita, Shinya, Woodbridge, Jessie, Azuara, Julien, Feurdean, Angelica, Grindean, Roxana, Lebreton, Vincent, Marquer, Laurent, Nebout-Combourieu, Nathalie, Stancikaite, Migle, Tantau, Ioan, Tonkov, Spassimir, and Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila

Abstract

Quantitative reconstructions of past land cover are necessary to determine the processes involved in climate-human-land-cover interactions. We present the first temporally continuous and most spatially extensive pollen-based land-cover reconstruction for Europe over the Holocene (last 11 700 cal yr BP). We describe how vegetation cover has been quantified from pollen records at a 1 degrees x 1 degrees spatial scale using the "Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites" (REVEALS) model. REVEALS calculates estimates of past regional vegetation cover in proportions or percentages. REVEALS has been applied to 1128 pollen records across Europe and part of the eastern Mediterranean-Black Sea-Caspian corridor (30-75 degrees N, 25 degrees W-50 degrees E) to reconstruct the percentage cover of 31 plant taxa assigned to 12 plant functional types (PFTs) and 3 land-cover types (LCTs). A new synthesis of relative pollen productivities (RPPs) for European plant taxa was performed for this reconstruction. It includes multiple RPP values (>= 2 values) for 39 taxa and single values for 15 taxa (total of 54 taxa). To illustrate this, we present distribution maps for five taxa (Calluna vulgaris, Cerealia type (t)., Picea abies, deciduous Quercus t. and evergreen Quercus t.) and three land-cover types (open land, OL; evergreen trees, ETs; and summer-green trees, STs) for eight selected time windows. The reliability of the REVEALS reconstructions and issues related to the interpretation of the results in terms of landscape openness and human-induced vegetation change are discussed. This is followed by a review of the current use of this reconstruction and its future potential utility and development. REVEALS data quality are primarily determined by pollen count data (pollen count and sample, pollen identification, and chronology) and site type and number (lake or bog, large or small, one site vs. multiple sites) used for REVEALS analysis (for each grid cell). A large

Published
2022
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112. Pollen-Based Maps of Past Regional Vegetation Cover in Europe Over 12 Millennia-Evaluation and Potential

Author

Githumbi, Esther, Pirzamanbein, Behnaz, Lindström, Johan, Poska, Anneli, Fyfe, Ralph, Mazier, Florence, Nielsen, Anne Brigitte, Sugita, Shinya, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Woodbridge, Jessie, Gaillard, Marie-José, Githumbi, Esther, Pirzamanbein, Behnaz, Lindström, Johan, Poska, Anneli, Fyfe, Ralph, Mazier, Florence, Nielsen, Anne Brigitte, Sugita, Shinya, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Woodbridge, Jessie, and Gaillard, Marie-José

Abstract

Realistic and accurate reconstructions of past vegetation cover are necessary to study past environmental changes. This is important since the effects of human land-use changes (e.g. agriculture, deforestation and afforestation/reforestation) on biodiversity and climate are still under debate. Over the last decade, development, validation, and application of pollen-vegetation relationship models have made it possible to estimate plant abundance from fossil pollen data at both local and regional scales. In particular, the REVEALS model has been applied to produce datasets of past regional plant cover at 1 degrees spatial resolution at large subcontinental scales (North America, Europe, and China). However, such reconstructions are spatially discontinuous due to the discrete and irregular geographical distribution of sites (lakes and peat bogs) from which fossil pollen records have been produced. Therefore, spatial statistical models have been developed to create continuous maps of past plant cover using the REVEALS-based land cover estimates. In this paper, we present the first continuous time series of spatially complete maps of past plant cover across Europe during the Holocene (25 time windows covering the period from 11.7 k BP to present). We use a spatial-statistical model for compositional data to interpolate REVEALS-based estimates of three major land-cover types (LCTs), i.e., evergreen trees, summer-green trees and open land (grasses, herbs and low shrubs); producing spatially complete maps of the past coverage of these three LCTs. The spatial model uses four auxiliary data sets-latitude, longitude, elevation, and independent scenarios of past anthropogenic land-cover change based on per-capita land-use estimates ("standard" KK10 scenarios)-to improve model performance for areas with complex topography or few observations. We evaluate the resulting reconstructions for selected time windows using present day maps from the European Forest Institute, cross valid

Published
2022
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113. Abilities of the BRICHOS domain to prevent neurotoxicity and fibril formation are dependent on a highly conserved Asp residue

Author

Chen, G., Andrade-Talavera, Y., Zhong, Xueying, Hassan, S., Biverstål, H., Poska, H., Abelein, A., Leppert, A., Kronqvist, N., Rising, A., Hebert, Hans, Koeck, Philip J. B., Fisahn, A., Johansson, J., Chen, G., Andrade-Talavera, Y., Zhong, Xueying, Hassan, S., Biverstål, H., Poska, H., Abelein, A., Leppert, A., Kronqvist, N., Rising, A., Hebert, Hans, Koeck, Philip J. B., Fisahn, A., and Johansson, J.

Abstract

Proteins can self-assemble into amyloid fibrils or amorphous aggregates and thereby cause disease. Molecular chaperones can prevent both these types of protein aggregation, but to what extent the respective mechanisms are overlapping is not fully understood. The BRICHOS domain constitutes a disease-associated chaperone family, with activities against amyloid neurotoxicity, fibril formation, and amorphous protein aggregation. Here, we show that the activities of BRICHOS against amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and fibril formation, respectively, are oppositely dependent on a conserved aspartate residue, while the ability to suppress amorphous protein aggregation is unchanged by Asp to Asn mutations. The Asp is evolutionarily highly conserved in >3000 analysed BRICHOS domains but is replaced by Asn in some BRICHOS families. The conserved Asp in its ionized state promotes structural flexibility and has a pKa value between pH 6.0 and 7.0, suggesting that chaperone effects can be differently affected by physiological pH variations., QC 20230602

Published
2022
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114. Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

Author

Reckermann, M. (Marcus), Omstedt, A. (Anders), Soomere, T. (Tarmo), Aigars, J. (Juris), Akhtar, N. (Naveed), Bełdowska, M. (Magdalena), Bełdowski, J. (Jacek), Cronin, T. (Tom), Czub, M. (Michał), Eero, M. (Margit), Hyytiäinen, K. P. (Kari Petri), Jalkanen, J.-P. (Jukka-Pekka), Kiessling, A. (Anders), Kjellström, E. (Erik), Kuliński, K. (Karol), Larsén, X. G. (Xiaoli Guo), McCrackin, M. (Michelle), Meier, H. E. (H. E. Markus), Oberbeckmann, S. (Sonja), Parnell, K. (Kevin), Pons-Seres de Brauwer, C. (Cristian), Poska, A. (Anneli), Saarinen, J. (Jarkko), Szymczycha, B. (Beata), Undeman, E. (Emma), Wörman, A. (Anders), Zorita, E. (Eduardo), Reckermann, M. (Marcus), Omstedt, A. (Anders), Soomere, T. (Tarmo), Aigars, J. (Juris), Akhtar, N. (Naveed), Bełdowska, M. (Magdalena), Bełdowski, J. (Jacek), Cronin, T. (Tom), Czub, M. (Michał), Eero, M. (Margit), Hyytiäinen, K. P. (Kari Petri), Jalkanen, J.-P. (Jukka-Pekka), Kiessling, A. (Anders), Kjellström, E. (Erik), Kuliński, K. (Karol), Larsén, X. G. (Xiaoli Guo), McCrackin, M. (Michelle), Meier, H. E. (H. E. Markus), Oberbeckmann, S. (Sonja), Parnell, K. (Kevin), Pons-Seres de Brauwer, C. (Cristian), Poska, A. (Anneli), Saarinen, J. (Jarkko), Szymczycha, B. (Beata), Undeman, E. (Emma), Wörman, A. (Anders), and Zorita, E. (Eduardo)

Abstract

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, and coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.

Published
2022

115. The Reading Palaeofire Database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records

Author

European Commission, German Research Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes [0000-0002-4505-2416], Romera, S. [0000-0001-5726-2536], Pérez Díaz, Sebastián [0000-0002-2702-0058], Harrison, Sandy P., Villegas, Roberto, Cruz-Silva, Esmeralda, Gallagher, Daniel, Kesner, David, Lincoln, Paul, Shen, Yicheng, Sweeney, Luke, Colombaroli, Daniele, Ali, Adam, Barhoumi, Chéïma, Bergeron, Yves, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., Bobek, Přemysl, Bradshaw, Richard, Clear, Jennifer L., Czerwiński, S., Daniau, A. L., Dodson, John, Edwards, Kevin J., Edwards, M.E., Feurdean, Angelica, Foster, David, Gajewski, Konrad, Galka, Mariusz, Garneau, Michelle, Giesecke, Thomas, Romera, S., Girardin, Martin P., Hoefer, Dana, Huang, Kangyou, Inoue, Jun, Jamrichová, Eva, Jasiunas, N., Jiang, Wenying, Jiménez Moreno, Gonzalo, Karpińska‐Kołaczek, Monika, Kołaczek, P., Kuosmanen, Niina, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Lavoie, Martin, Li, Fang, Li, Jianyong, Lisitsyna, Olga, López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Magnan, Gabriel, Magyari, Enikö Katalin, Maksims, Alekss, Marcisz, K., Marinova, Elena, Marlon, Jenn, Mensing, S., Miroslaw-Grabowska, Joanna, Oswald, Wyatt, Pérez Díaz, Sebastián, Pérez-Obiol, Ramón, Piilo, Sanna, Poska, A., Qin, Xiaoguang, Remy, Cécile C., Richard, Pierre J. H., Salonen, J. Sakari, Sasaki, Naoko, Schneider, Hieke, Shotyk, William, Stancikaite, Migle, Šteinberga, Dace, Stivrins, Normunds, Takahara, Hikaru, Tan, Zhihai, Trasune, Liva, Umbanhowar, Charles E., Väliranta, Minna, Vassiljev, Jüri, Xiao, Xiayun, Xu, Qinghai, Xu, Xin, Zawisza, Edyta, Zhao, Yan, Zhou, Zheng, Paillard, Jordan, European Commission, German Research Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes [0000-0002-4505-2416], Romera, S. [0000-0001-5726-2536], Pérez Díaz, Sebastián [0000-0002-2702-0058], Harrison, Sandy P., Villegas, Roberto, Cruz-Silva, Esmeralda, Gallagher, Daniel, Kesner, David, Lincoln, Paul, Shen, Yicheng, Sweeney, Luke, Colombaroli, Daniele, Ali, Adam, Barhoumi, Chéïma, Bergeron, Yves, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., Bobek, Přemysl, Bradshaw, Richard, Clear, Jennifer L., Czerwiński, S., Daniau, A. L., Dodson, John, Edwards, Kevin J., Edwards, M.E., Feurdean, Angelica, Foster, David, Gajewski, Konrad, Galka, Mariusz, Garneau, Michelle, Giesecke, Thomas, Romera, S., Girardin, Martin P., Hoefer, Dana, Huang, Kangyou, Inoue, Jun, Jamrichová, Eva, Jasiunas, N., Jiang, Wenying, Jiménez Moreno, Gonzalo, Karpińska‐Kołaczek, Monika, Kołaczek, P., Kuosmanen, Niina, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Lavoie, Martin, Li, Fang, Li, Jianyong, Lisitsyna, Olga, López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Magnan, Gabriel, Magyari, Enikö Katalin, Maksims, Alekss, Marcisz, K., Marinova, Elena, Marlon, Jenn, Mensing, S., Miroslaw-Grabowska, Joanna, Oswald, Wyatt, Pérez Díaz, Sebastián, Pérez-Obiol, Ramón, Piilo, Sanna, Poska, A., Qin, Xiaoguang, Remy, Cécile C., Richard, Pierre J. H., Salonen, J. Sakari, Sasaki, Naoko, Schneider, Hieke, Shotyk, William, Stancikaite, Migle, Šteinberga, Dace, Stivrins, Normunds, Takahara, Hikaru, Tan, Zhihai, Trasune, Liva, Umbanhowar, Charles E., Väliranta, Minna, Vassiljev, Jüri, Xiao, Xiayun, Xu, Qinghai, Xu, Xin, Zawisza, Edyta, Zhao, Yan, Zhou, Zheng, and Paillard, Jordan

Abstract

Sedimentary charcoal records are widely used to reconstruct regional changes in fire regimes through time in the geological past. Existing global compilations are not geographically comprehensive and do not provide consistent metadata for all sites. Furthermore, the age models provided for these records are not harmonised and many are based on older calibrations of the radiocarbon ages. These issues limit the use of existing compilations for research into past fire regimes. Here, we present an expanded database of charcoal records, accompanied by new age models based on recalibration of radiocarbon ages using IntCal20 and Bayesian age-modelling software. We document the structure and contents of the database, the construction of the age models, and the quality control measures applied. We also record the expansion of geographical coverage relative to previous charcoal compilations and the expansion of metadata that can be used to inform analyses. This first version of the Reading Palaeofire Database contains 1676 records (entities) from 1480 sites worldwide. The database (RPDv1b – Harrison et al., 2021) is available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.000345.

Published
2022

116. Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic

Author

Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, Lucrezia, Palli, J., Vignola, Cristiano, Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist , F.C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R, Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz. M., Lindbladh, M., López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A.M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A.M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M.L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorný, Petr, Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori , L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, Lucrezia, Palli, J., Vignola, Cristiano, Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist , F.C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R, Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz. M., Lindbladh, M., López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A.M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A.M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M.L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorný, Petr, Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori , L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., and Masi, A.

Abstract

The Black Death (1347–1352 CE) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics.

Published
2022

117. Holocene land-cover reconstructions for studies on land cover-climate feedbacks

Author

M.-J. Gaillard, S. Sugita, F. Mazier, A.-K. Trondman, A. Broström, T. Hickler, J. O. Kaplan, E. Kjellström, U. Kokfelt, P. Kuneš, C. Lemmen, P. Miller, J. Olofsson, A. Poska, M. Rundgren, B. Smith, G. Strandberg, R. Fyfe, A. B. Nielsen, T. Alenius, L. Balakauskas, L. Barnekow, H. J. B. Birks, A. Bjune, L. Björkman, T. Giesecke, K. Hjelle, L. Kalnina, M. Kangur, W. O. van der Knaap, T. Koff, P. Lagerås, M. Latałowa, M. Leydet, J. Lechterbeck, M. Lindbladh, B. Odgaard, S. Peglar, U. Segerström, H. von Stedingk, and H. Seppä

Subjects
Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

The major objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the pros and cons of the scenarios of past anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) developed during the last ten years, (2) to discuss issues related to pollen-based reconstruction of the past land-cover and introduce a new method, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites), to infer long-term records of past land-cover from pollen data, (3) to present a new project (LANDCLIM: LAND cover – CLIMate interactions in NW Europe during the Holocene) currently underway, and show preliminary results of REVEALS reconstructions of the regional land-cover in the Czech Republic for five selected time windows of the Holocene, and (4) to discuss the implications and future directions in climate and vegetation/land-cover modeling, and in the assessment of the effects of human-induced changes in land-cover on the regional climate through altered feedbacks. The existing ALCC scenarios show large discrepancies between them, and few cover time periods older than AD 800. When these scenarios are used to assess the impact of human land-use on climate, contrasting results are obtained. It emphasizes the need for methods such as the REVEALS model-based land-cover reconstructions. They might help to fine-tune descriptions of past land-cover and lead to a better understanding of how long-term changes in ALCC might have influenced climate. The REVEALS model is demonstrated to provide better estimates of the regional vegetation/land-cover changes than the traditional use of pollen percentages. This will achieve a robust assessment of land cover at regional- to continental-spatial scale throughout the Holocene. We present maps of REVEALS estimates for the percentage cover of 10 plant functional types (PFTs) at 200 BP and 6000 BP, and of the two open-land PFTs "grassland" and "agricultural land" at five time-windows from 6000 BP to recent time. The LANDCLIM results are expected to provide crucial data to reassess ALCC estimates for a better understanding of the land suface-atmosphere interactions.

Published
2010
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124. Mid-Holocene European climate revisited: New high-resolution regional climate model simulations using pollen-based land-cover

Author

Strandberg, Gustav, primary, Lindström, Johan, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Fyfe, Ralph, additional, Githumbi, Esther, additional, Kjellström, Erik, additional, Mazier, Florenze, additional, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, additional, Sugita, Shinya, additional, Trondman, Anna-Kari, additional, Woodbridge, Jessie, additional, and Gaillard, Marie-José, additional

Published
2022
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125. The Reading Palaeofire Database : an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records

Author

Sandy P. Harrison, Roberto Villegas-Diaz, Esmeralda Cruz-Silva, Daniel Gallagher, David Kesner, Paul Lincoln, Yicheng Shen, Luke Sweeney, Daniele Colombaroli, Adam Ali, Chéïma Barhoumi, Yves Bergeron, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Přemysl Bobek, Richard Bradshaw, Jennifer L. Clear, Sambor Czerwiński, Anne-Laure Daniau, John Dodson, Kevin J. Edwards, Mary E. Edwards, Angelica Feurdean, David Foster, Konrad Gajewski, Mariusz Gałka, Michelle Garneau, Thomas Giesecke, Graciela Gil Romera, Martin P. Girardin, Dana Hoefer, Kangyou Huang, Jun Inoue, Eva Jamrichová, Nauris Jasiunas, Wenying Jiang, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Niina Kuosmanen, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Martin Lavoie, Fang Li, Jianyong Li, Olga Lisitsyna, José Antonio López-Sáez, Reyes Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Gabriel Magnan, Eniko Katalin Magyari, Alekss Maksims, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Jenn Marlon, Scott Mensing, Joanna Miroslaw-Grabowska, Wyatt Oswald, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Ramón Pérez-Obiol, Sanna Piilo, Anneli Poska, Xiaoguang Qin, Cécile C. Remy, Pierre J. H. Richard, Sakari Salonen, Naoko Sasaki, Hieke Schneider, William Shotyk, Migle Stancikaite, Dace Šteinberga, Normunds Stivrins, Hikaru Takahara, Zhihai Tan, Liva Trasune, Charles E. Umbanhowar, Minna Väliranta, Jüri Vassiljev, Xiayun Xiao, Qinghai Xu, Xin Xu, Edyta Zawisza, Yan Zhao, Zheng Zhou, Jordan Paillard, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Biosciences, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission, German Research Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Romera, S., and Pérez Díaz, Sebastián

Subjects
1171 Geosciences, Science & Technology, WILDFIRE, IMPACT, PALEOFIRE, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, FOREST, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physical Sciences, ECOSYSTEMS, HISTORY, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE-CHANGE, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, CARBON-CYCLE, SATELLITE, EMISSIONS, 1172 Environmental sciences, ddc:910
Abstract

This research has been supported by the Leverhulme Trust (grant no. RC-2018-023), the European Research Council (grant no. 694481), the German Research Foundation (grant no. FE-1096/6-1), the Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholarships (grant no. FIRECO 2016.0310), the National Science Centre of Poland (grant no. 2015/17/B/ST10/01656), the SCIEX Scholarship Fund (grant no. PSPB-013/2010), and the Estonian Research Council (grant no. MOBJD313)., Sedimentary charcoal records are widely used to reconstruct regional changes in fire regimes through time in the geological past. Existing global compilations are not geographically comprehensive and do not provide consistent metadata for all sites. Furthermore, the age models provided for these records are not harmonised and many are based on older calibrations of the radiocarbon ages. These issues limit the use of existing compilations for research into past fire regimes. Here, we present an expanded database of charcoal records, accompanied by new age models based on recalibration of radiocarbon ages using IntCal20 and Bayesian age-modelling software. We document the structure and contents of the database, the construction of the age models, and the quality control measures applied. We also record the expansion of geographical coverage relative to previous charcoal compilations and the expansion of metadata that can be used to inform analyses. This first version of the Reading Palaeofire Database contains 1676 records (entities) from 1480 sites worldwide. The database (RPDv1b – Harrison et al., 2021) is available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.000345., Leverhulme Trust RC-2018-023, European Research Council (ERC) European Commission 694481, German Research Foundation (DFG) FE-1096/6-1, Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholarships FIRECO 2016.0310, SCIEX Scholarship Fund PSPB-013/2010, Estonian Research Council MOBJD313

Published
2022
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126. Big Data Palaeoecology reveals significant variation in Black Death mortality in Europe [Preprint]

Author

Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R., Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., 1, Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz, M., Lindbladh, M., López-Sáez, J. A., Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A. M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A. M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M. L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorny, P., Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori, L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Universidad de Cantabria, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Bialystok, Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Universität Leipzig, ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study [Uppsala], Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA, Department of biology, georgetown University, Washington DC, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, University of Freiburg, Institute of Botany [Innsbruck], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Viscum Pollenanalys & Miljöhistoria, Nässjö, Sweden, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Institute of Geosciences [Potsdam], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Wessex Archaeology [Salisbury], Department of Archaeology and Centre for Past Climate Change, University of Reading, Reading, UK, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Palaeobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland, Laboratory of Palynology and Palaeobotany, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, University of Latvia (LU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Archaeologists, National Historical Museums, Lund, Sweden, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Environmental Archaeology Research Group, Institute of History, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Department of Geography, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], MSU Faculty of Geography [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratory of Forest Botany-Geobotany, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Cologne, Faculty of Biology [Gdansk, Poland], University of Gdańsk (UG), Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain., Centre for Theoretical Studies, Charles University, Czechia (CTS), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Vilnius, Lithuania, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, USA, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, European Project: 263735,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091209,TEC(2010), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany, Faculty of History and International Relations, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland, Department of Earth Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Leipzig, Germany, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], GFZ-German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Salisbury, UK, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Institute of Archeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republi, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia., Department of Quaternary Research, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeobotany, Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland., Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, Lund University [Lund], Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia., Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], IFP Energies Nouvelles, Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies Division, Rueil-Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison, Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., 3 Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland., Institute of History, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (Dafne), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy., Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISEM, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, Museum of Archaeology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Anthropocene Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, CNRS, HNHP UMR 7194, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France, Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland., Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles University and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic., Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pre- and Early History and West Asian Archaeology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], López Sáez, José Antonio, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
Land-use changes, Ecology, black death pandemic, Humaniora: 000::Arkeologi: 090 [VDP], palaeoecological data, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, paleoecology, palynology, big data, paleoecology, Europe, big data, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, palynology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The authors acknowledge the following funding sources: Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group (A.I., A.M. and C.V.); Estonian Research Council #PRG323, PUT1173 (A.Pos., T.R., N.S. and S.V.); European Research Council #FP7 263735 (A.Bro. and A.Plu.), #MSC 655659 (A.E.); Georgetown Environmental Initiative (T.N.); Latvian Council of Science #LZP-2020/2-0060 (N.S. and N.J.); LLNL-JRNL-820941 (I.T.); NSF award #GSS-1228126 (S.M.); Polish-Swiss Research Programme #013/2010 CLIMPEAT (M.Lam.), #086/2010 CLIMPOL (A.W.); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education #N N306 275635 (M.K.); Polish National Science Centre #2019/03/X/ST10/00849 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/01656 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/03430 (M.So.), #2018/31/B/ST10/02498 (M.So.), #N N304 319636 (A.W.); SCIEX #12.286 (K.Mar.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness #REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (J.A.L.S.); Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports #FPU16/00676 (R.L.L.); Swedish Research Council #421-2010-1570 (P.L.), #2018-01272 (F.C.L. and A.S.); Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly (M.B.), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation #RTI2018-101714-B-I00 (F.A.S. and D.A.S.), OP RDE, MEYS project #CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728 (P.P.)., The Black Death (1347–1352 ce) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics., Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group, Estonian Research Council PRG323 PUT1173, European Research Council (ERC) European Commission FP7 263735 MSC 655659, Georgetown Environmental Initiative, Latvian Ministry of Education and Science LZP-2020/2-0060 LLNL-JRNL-820941, National Science Foundation (NSF) GSS-1228126, Polish-Swiss Research Programme 013/2010 086/2010, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N306 275635, Polish National Science Centre 2019/03/X/ST10/00849 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 2015/17/B/ST10/03430 2018/31/B/ST10/02498 N N304 319636, SCIEX 12.286, Spanish Government REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P FPU16/00676, Swedish Research Council, European Commission 421-2010-1570 2018-01272, Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly, Spanish Government RTI2018-101714-B-I00, OP RDE, MEYS project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728

Published
2022
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127. The Reading Palaeofire Database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records

Author

Harrison, Sandy P., Villegas-Diaz, Roberto, Cruz-Silva, Esmeralda, Gallagher, Daniel, Kesner, David, Lincoln, Paul, Shen, Yicheng, Sweeney, Luke, Colombaroli, Daniele, Ali, Adam, Barhoumi, Chéïma, Bergeron, Yves, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana, Bobek, Prërmysl, Bradshaw, Richard, Clear, Jennif L., Czerwiski, Sambor, Daniau, Anne-Laure, Dodson, John, Edwards, Kevin J., Edwards, Mary E., Feurdean, Angelica, Foster, David, Gajewski, Konrad, Galka, Mariusz, Garneau, Michelle, Giesecke, Thomas, Gil Romera, Graciela, Girardin, Martin P., Hoefer, Dana, Huang, Kangyou, Inoue, Jun, Jamrichová, Eva, Jasiunas, Nauris, Jiang, Wenying, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, Karpinska-Kolaczek, Monika, Kolaczek, Piotr, Kuosmanen, Niina, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Lavoie, Martin, Li, Fang, Li, Jianyong, Lisitsyna, Olga, López-Sáez, Jose Antonio, Luelmo-Lautenschlaege, Reyes, Magnan, Gabriel, Katalin, Eniko, Magyari, katalin, Maksims, Alekss, Marcisz, Katarzyna, Marinova, Elena, Marlon, Jenn, Mensing, Scott, Miroslaw-Grabowska, Joanna, Oswald, Wyatt, Pérez Díaz, Sebastián, Pérez-Obiol, Ramón, Piilo, Sanna, Poska, Anneli, Qin, Xiaoguang, Remy, Cécile C., Richard, Pierre J. H., Salonen, Sakari, Sasaki, Naoko, Schneider, Hieke, Shotyk, William, Stancikaite, Migle, Steinberga, Dace, Stivrins, Nomunds, Takahara, Hikaru, Tan, Zhihai, Trasune, Liva, Umbanhowar, Charles E., Väliranta, Minna, Vassiljev, Jüri, Xiao, Xiayun, Xu, Qinghai, Xu, Xin, Zawisza, Edyta, Zhao, Yand, Zhou, Zheng, Paillard, Jordan, and Universidad de Cantabria

Abstract

Sedimentary charcoal records are widely used to reconstruct regional changes in fire regimes through time in the geological past. Existing global compilations are not geographically comprehensive and do not provide consistent metadata for all sites. Furthermore, the age models provided for these records are not harmonised and many are based on older calibrations of the radiocarbon ages. These issues limit the use of existing compilations for research into past fire regimes. Here, we present an expanded database of charcoal records, accompanied by new age models based on recalibration of radiocarbon ages using IntCal20 and Bayesian age-modelling software. We document the structure and contents of the database, the construction of the age models, and the quality control measures applied. We also record the expansion of geographical coverage relative to previous charcoal compilations and the expansion of metadata that can be used to inform analyses.

Published
2022

128. Pollen based landcover reconstructions help to reveal past climate–human–land-cover interactions in Europe (LANDCLIM2)

Author

Poska, Anneli, Strandberg, Gustav, Lindström, Johan, Githumbi, Esther, Fyfe, Ralph, Kjellstrom, Erik, Mazier, Florence, Nielsen, Anne, Sugita, Shinya, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Zhang, Qiong, Gaillard, Marie-José, and Gil, Emilie

Subjects
Europe, vegetation, Climate, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, deforestation
Abstract

Climate has been a major determinant of vegetation composition throughout geological history. However, during the last millennia, the effects of anthropogenic forcing have become prevalent in many areas. Quantitative landcover reconstructions are needed in order to better understand climate–human–land-cover interactions. A set of temporally and spatially continuous, continent -scale, pollen-based landcover reconstructions of Europe during the Holocene (last 11,700 cal yr BP) were recently produced by the LANDCLIM2 project. The 1°×1° maps representing percentage cover of 31 plant taxa assigned to 12 plant functional types and three land-cover types were compiled using Bayesian statistical models with the REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites) model reconstructions based on 1,128 pollen records across Europe (30° –75° N, 25° W–50° E). The reconstructed landcover in combination with ecosystem-model-derived climate inducedlandcover estimates were used as inputs to the RCM (Regional Climate Model) in order to determine the continent-scale impact of anthropogenic deforestation on climate at 6k, 2,5k and 0.02k. Results show that the anthropogenically induced land cover changes have beenstrong enough even during the time period before the industrial revolution to cause major changes in the physical properties of landcover and the induced biogeophysical changes vary considerably both geographically and seasonally. The albedo changes are the most 155prominent during winter in the boreal forest zone, with deforestation leading to increased reflection of solar radiation from snow covered fields causing a decrease in winter temperature. The deforestation of the Mediterranean has led to an increased albedo and decreased temperature during the summer season. The changes in evapotranspiration are most prominent during summer in the temperate broad-leafed forest zone with deforestation leading to increased summer temperatures. Most of the changes described above are more pronounced in the eastern, more continental part of Europe

Published
2022

129. Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

Author

Anneli Poska, Kevin E. Parnell, Anders Wörman, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Erik Kjellström, Tom Cronin, Magdalena Bełdowska, Anders Kiessling, Eduardo Zorita, H. E. Markus Meier, Tarmo Soomere, Karol Kuliński, Beata Szymczycha, Michelle L. McCrackin, Jarkko Saarinen, Michał Czub, Margit Eero, Sonja Oberbeckmann, Anders Omstedt, Jacek Bełdowski, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Emma Undeman, Juris Aigars, Cristian Pons-Seres de Brauwer, Marcus Reckermann, Naveed Akhtar, Kari Hyytiäinen, Department of Economics and Management, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Economics of aquatic ecosystems, Environmental and Resource Economics, Ilmatieteen laitos, and Finnish Meteorological Institute

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, QE500-639.5, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, COMBINED COASTAL PROTECTION, Marine debris, SDG 13 - Climate Action, PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS, other research area, 020701 environmental engineering, SDG 15 - Life on Land, QE1-996.5, OFFSHORE WIND FARMS, Environmental resource management, Environmental Sciences (social aspects to be 507), Geology, CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS, 1171 Geosciences, Microplastics, Climate Research, Baltic Sea, SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE, Science, 0207 environmental engineering, GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS, Climate change, Land cover, ACID-BASE SYSTEM, Marine ecosystem, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, 1172 Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Responsibility and Sustainability e.g. SDGs, human impacts, Land use, business.industry, fungi, COD GADUS-MORHUA, 15. Life on land, Dynamic and structural geology, coastal environment, 13. Climate action, INDIGENOUS ROUND GOBY, Sustainability, Environmental science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Coastal management, business
Abstract

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are stongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affects the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. We conclude that a sound management and regulation of human activities must be implemented in order to use and keep the environments and ecosystems of the Baltic Sea region sustainably in a good shape. This must balance the human needs, which exert tremendous pressures on the systems, as humans are the overwhelming driving force for almost all changes we see. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.

Published
2022
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131. Mid-Holocene European climate revisited: New high-resolution regional climate model simulations using pollen-based land-cover

Author

Gustav Strandberg, Johan Lindström, Anneli Poska, Qiong Zhang, Ralph Fyfe, Esther Githumbi, Erik Kjellström, Florenze Mazier, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Shinya Sugita, Anna-Kari Trondman, Jessie Woodbridge, and Marie-José Gaillard

Subjects
Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, Climate Research, Physical Geography, Geology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Klimatforskning
Abstract

Land-cover changes have a clear impact on local climates via biophysical effects. European land cover has been affected by human activities for at least 6000 years, but possibly longer. It is thus highly probable that humans altered climate before the industrial revolution (AD1750-1850). In this study, climate and vegetation 6000 years (6 ka) ago is investigated using one global climate model, two regional climate models, one dynamical vegetation model, pollen-based reconstruction of past vegetation cover using a model of the pollen-vegetation relationship and a statistical model for spatial interpolation of the reconstructed land cover. This approach enables us to study 6 ka climate with potential natural and reconstructed land cover, and to determine how differences in land cover impact upon simulated climate. The use of two regional climate models enables us to discuss the robustness of the results. This is the first experiment with two regional climate models of simulated palaeo-climate based on regional climate models.Different estimates of 6 ka vegetation are constructed: simulated potential vegetation and reconstructed vegetation. Potential vegetation is the natural climate-induced vegetation as simulated by a dynamical vegetation model driven by climate conditions from a climate model. Bayesian spatial model interpolated point estimates of pollen-based plant abundances combined with estimates of climate-induced potential un-vegetated land cover were used for reconstructed vegetation. The simulated potential vegetation is heavily dominated by forests: evergreen coniferous forests dominate in northern and eastern Europe, while deciduous broadleaved forests dominate central and western Europe. In contrast, the reconstructed vegetation cover has a large component of open land in most of Europe.The simulated 6 ka climate using reconstructed vegetation was 0-5 degrees C warmer than the pre-industrial (PI) climate, depending on season and region. The largest differences are seen in north-eastern Europe in winter with about 4-6 degrees C, and the smallest differences (close to zero) in southwestern Europe in winter. The simulated 6 ka climate had 10-20% more precipitation than PI climate in northern Europe and 10-20% less precipitation in southern Europe in summer. The results are in reasonable agreement with proxy-based climate reconstructions and previous similar climate modelling studies. As expected, the global model and regional models indicate relatively similar climates albeit with regional differences indicating that, models response to land-cover changes differently.The results indicate that the anthropogenic land-cover changes, as given by the reconstructed vegetation, in this study are large enough to have a significant impact on climate. It is likely that anthropogenic impact on European climate via land-use change was already taking place at 6 ka. Our results suggest that anthropogenic land-cover changes at 6 ka lead to around 0.5 degrees C warmer in southern Europe in summer due to biogeophysical forcing. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2022

133. Best Practices for the Development, Scale-up, and Post-approval Change Control of IR and MR Dosage Forms in the Current Quality-by-Design Paradigm

Author

Van Buskirk, Glenn A., Asotra, Satish, Balducci, Christopher, Basu, Prabir, DiDonato, Gerald, Dorantes, Angelica, Eickhoff, W. Mark, Ghosh, Tapash, González, Mario A., Henry, Theresa, Howard, Matthew, Kamm, Jason, Laurenz, Steven, MacKenzie, Ryan, Mannion, Richard, Noonan, Patrick K., Ocheltree, Terrance, Pai, Umesh, Poska, Richard P., Putnam, Michael L., Raghavan, Ramani R., Ruegger, Colleen, Sánchez, Eric, Shah, Vinod P., Shao, Zezhi Jesse, Somma, Russell, Tammara, Vijay, Thombre, Avinash G., Thompson, Bruce, Timko, Robert J., Upadrashta, Satyam, and Vaithiyalingam, Sivakumar

Published
2014
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134. The Reading Palaeofire Database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records

Author

Harrison, Sandy P., primary, Villegas-Diaz, Roberto, additional, Cruz-Silva, Esmeralda, additional, Gallagher, Daniel, additional, Kesner, David, additional, Lincoln, Paul, additional, Shen, Yicheng, additional, Sweeney, Luke, additional, Colombaroli, Daniele, additional, Ali, Adam, additional, Barhoumi, Chéïma, additional, Bergeron, Yves, additional, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana, additional, Bobek, Přemysl, additional, Bradshaw, Richard, additional, Clear, Jennifer L., additional, Czerwiński, Sambor, additional, Daniau, Anne-Laure, additional, Dodson, John, additional, Edwards, Kevin J., additional, Edwards, Mary E., additional, Feurdean, Angelica, additional, Foster, David, additional, Gajewski, Konrad, additional, Gałka, Mariusz, additional, Garneau, Michelle, additional, Giesecke, Thomas, additional, Gil Romera, Graciela, additional, Girardin, Martin P., additional, Hoefer, Dana, additional, Huang, Kangyou, additional, Inoue, Jun, additional, Jamrichová, Eva, additional, Jasiunas, Nauris, additional, Jiang, Wenying, additional, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, additional, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, additional, Kołaczek, Piotr, additional, Kuosmanen, Niina, additional, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, additional, Lavoie, Martin, additional, Li, Fang, additional, Li, Jianyong, additional, Lisitsyna, Olga, additional, López-Sáez, José Antonio, additional, Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, additional, Magnan, Gabriel, additional, Magyari, Eniko Katalin, additional, Maksims, Alekss, additional, Marcisz, Katarzyna, additional, Marinova, Elena, additional, Marlon, Jenn, additional, Mensing, Scott, additional, Miroslaw-Grabowska, Joanna, additional, Oswald, Wyatt, additional, Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, additional, Pérez-Obiol, Ramón, additional, Piilo, Sanna, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Qin, Xiaoguang, additional, Remy, Cécile C., additional, Richard, Pierre J. H., additional, Salonen, Sakari, additional, Sasaki, Naoko, additional, Schneider, Hieke, additional, Shotyk, William, additional, Stancikaite, Migle, additional, Šteinberga, Dace, additional, Stivrins, Normunds, additional, Takahara, Hikaru, additional, Tan, Zhihai, additional, Trasune, Liva, additional, Umbanhowar, Charles E., additional, Väliranta, Minna, additional, Vassiljev, Jüri, additional, Xiao, Xiayun, additional, Xu, Qinghai, additional, Xu, Xin, additional, Zawisza, Edyta, additional, Zhao, Yan, additional, Zhou, Zheng, additional, and Paillard, Jordan, additional

Published
2022
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136. Pollen-Based Maps of Past Regional Vegetation Cover in Europe Over 12 Millennia—Evaluation and Potential

Author

Githumbi, Esther, primary, Pirzamanbein, Behnaz, additional, Lindström, Johan, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Fyfe, Ralph, additional, Mazier, Florence, additional, Nielsen, Anne Brigitte, additional, Sugita, Shinya, additional, Trondman, Anna-Kari, additional, Woodbridge, Jessie, additional, and Gaillard, Marie-José, additional

Published
2022
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138. Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

Author

Reckermann, Marcus, primary, Omstedt, Anders, additional, Soomere, Tarmo, additional, Aigars, Juris, additional, Akhtar, Naveed, additional, Bełdowska, Magdalena, additional, Bełdowski, Jacek, additional, Cronin, Tom, additional, Czub, Michał, additional, Eero, Margit, additional, Hyytiäinen, Kari Petri, additional, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, additional, Kiessling, Anders, additional, Kjellström, Erik, additional, Kuliński, Karol, additional, Larsén, Xiaoli Guo, additional, McCrackin, Michelle, additional, Meier, H. E. Markus, additional, Oberbeckmann, Sonja, additional, Parnell, Kevin, additional, Pons-Seres de Brauwer, Cristian, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Saarinen, Jarkko, additional, Szymczycha, Beata, additional, Undeman, Emma, additional, Wörman, Anders, additional, and Zorita, Eduardo, additional

Published
2022
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141. Response of the Subarctic Mountain Birch Ecosystem to the Climate Warming in Northern Finland During the Last 40 Years

Author

Poska, Anneli, primary, Saarto, Annika, additional, Vassiljev, Jüri, additional, Lisitsyna, Olga, additional, Andersson, Tommi, additional, Helenius, Pekka, additional, Ruohomäki, Kai, additional, Saarni, Saija, additional, Saarinen, Timo, additional, Suominen, Otso, additional, Syvänperä, Ilkka, additional, Vainio, Elina, additional, and Hicks, Sheila, additional

Published
2022
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142. Abilities of the BRICHOS domain to prevent neurotoxicity and fibril formation are dependent on a highly conserved Asp residue

Author

Chen, Gefei, primary, Andrade-Talavera, Yuniesky, additional, Zhong, Xueying, additional, Hassan, Sameer, additional, Biverstål, Henrik, additional, Poska, Helen, additional, Abelein, Axel, additional, Leppert, Axel, additional, Kronqvist, Nina, additional, Rising, Anna, additional, Hebert, Hans, additional, Koeck, Philip J. B., additional, Fisahn, André, additional, and Johansson, Jan, additional

Published
2022
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143. Molecular chaperone ability to inhibit amyloid-derived neurotoxicity, but not amorphous protein aggregation, depends on a conserved pH-sensitive Asp residue

Author

Nina Kronqvist, Jan Johansson, Sameer Hassan, Xueying Zhong, Anna Rising, Hans Hebert, André Fisahn, Gefei Chen, Axel Abelein, Philip J.B. Koeck, Henrik Biverstål, Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera, Helen Poska, and Axel Leppert

Subjects
Amyloid, biology, Chemistry, Neurotoxicity, Protein aggregation, medicine.disease, In vitro, Residue (chemistry), Chaperone (protein), medicine, biology.protein, Biophysics, Alzheimer's disease, Beta (finance)
Abstract

Proteins can self-assemble into amyloid fibrils or amorphous aggregates and thereby cause disease. Molecular chaperones can prevent both these types of protein aggregation, but the respective mechanisms are not fully understood. The BRICHOS domain constitutes a disease-associated small heat shock protein-like chaperone family, with activities against both amyloid toxicity and amorphous protein aggregation. Here, we show that the activity of two BRICHOS domain families against Alzheimer’s disease associated amyloid-β neurotoxicity to mouse hippocampi in vitro depends on a conserved aspartate residue, while the ability to suppress amorphous protein aggregation is unchanged by Asp to Asn mutations. The conserved Asp in its ionized state promotes structural flexibility of the BRICHOS domain and has a pKa value between pH 6.0–7.0, suggesting that chaperone effects against amyloid toxicity can be affected by physiological pH variations. Finally, the Asp is evolutionarily highly conserved in >3000 analysed BRICHOS domains but is replaced by Asn in some BRICHOS families and animal species, indicating independent evolution of molecular chaperone activities against amyloid fibril formation and non-fibrillar amorphous protein aggregation.

Published
2021
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146. Ergonomic Analysis of a Novel Shelf Stocking Cart

Author

Poska, Evan, Lavender, Steven A., and Sommerich, Carolyn M.

Abstract

This study investigated the potential for an ergonomic intervention, specifically a prototype height-adjustable stocking cart to reduce the physical demands experienced when stocking shelves. This study compared muscle activity, kinematics, and subjective preferences when participants used the prototype cart versus a traditional, manual stocking method. Nine males and three females participated in this study. A traditional stocking method was compared to the prototype cart method for two types of dry grocery products as they were moved to three different destination shelf heights. EMG data, kinematic data, and subjective feedback generally favored the cart prototype over the traditional method. Bilaterally, anterior deltoid muscle activity was reduced for the cart condition when transferring products to the lower and higher shelves; trapezius activity was reduced for only the higher shelf; right side erector spinae activity was reduced for the lower shelf. The cart primarily benefited the anterior deltoid and trapezius descendens through reduced shoulder flexion. There were interaction effects of cart and shelf height on shoulder and spine kinematics. Questionnaire data showed that participants favored using the prototype. Study results support the continued development of the prototype cart toward a commercially available ergonomic aid for shelf stockers.

Published
2023
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149. The Reading Palaeofire database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records

Author

Sandy P. Harrison, Roberto Villegas-Diaz, Esmeralda Cruz-Silva, Daniel Gallagher, David Kesner, Paul Lincoln, Yicheng Shen, Luke Sweeney, Daniele Colombaroli, Adam Ali, Chéïma Barhoumi, Yves Bergeron, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Přemysl Bobek, Richard Bradshaw, Jennifer L. Clear, Sambor Czerwiński, Anne-Laure Daniau, John Dodson, Kevin J. Edwards, Mary E. Edwards, Angelica Feurdean, David Foster, Konrad Gajewski, Mariusz Gałka, Michelle Garneau, Thomas Giesecke, Graciela Gil Romera, Martin P. Girardin, Dana Hoefer, Kangyou Huang, Jun Inoue, Eva Jamrichová, Naurius Jasiunis, Wenying Jiang, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Niina Kuosmanen, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Martin Lavoie, Fang Li, Jianyong Li, Olga Lisitsyna, J. Antonio López-Sáez, Reyes Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Gabriel Magnan, Eniko K. Magyari, Alekss Maksims, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Jenn Marlon, Scott Mensing, Joanna Miroslaw-Grabowska, Wyatt Oswald, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Ramón Pérez-Obiol, Sanna Piilo, Anneli Poska, Xiaoguang Qin, Cécile C. Remy, Pierre Richard, Sakari Salonen, Naoko Sasaki, Hieke Schneider, William Shotyk, Migle Stancikaite, Dace Šteinberga, Normunds Stivrins, Hikaru Takahara, Zhihai Tan, Liva Trasune, Charles E. Umbanhowar, Minna Väliranta, Jüri Vassiljev, Xiayun Xiao, Qinghai Xu, Xin Xu, Edyta Zawisza, Yan Zhao, and Zheng Zhou

Abstract

Sedimentary charcoal records are widely used to reconstruct regional changes in fire regimes through time in the geological past. Existing global compilations are not geographically comprehensive and do not provide consistent metadata for all sites. Furthermore, the age models provided for these records are not harmonised and many are based on older calibrations of the radiocarbon ages. These issues limit the use of existing compilations for research into past fire regimes. Here, we present an expanded database of charcoal records, accompanied by new age models based on recalibration of radiocarbon ages using INTCAL2020 and Bayesian age-modelling software. We document the structure and contents of the database, the construction of the age models, and the quality control measures applied. We also record the expansion of geographical coverage relative to previous charcoal compilations and the expansion of metadata that can be used to inform analyses. This first version of the Reading Palaeofire Database contains 1681 records (entities) from 1477 sites worldwide. The database (DOI: 10.17864/1947.319) is available from https://researchdata.reading.ac.uk/id/eprint/319.

Published
2021

150. Supplementary material to 'The Reading Palaeofire database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records'

Author

Sandy P. Harrison, Roberto Villegas-Diaz, Esmeralda Cruz-Silva, Daniel Gallagher, David Kesner, Paul Lincoln, Yicheng Shen, Luke Sweeney, Daniele Colombaroli, Adam Ali, Chéïma Barhoumi, Yves Bergeron, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Přemysl Bobek, Richard Bradshaw, Jennifer L. Clear, Sambor Czerwiński, Anne-Laure Daniau, John Dodson, Kevin J. Edwards, Mary E. Edwards, Angelica Feurdean, David Foster, Konrad Gajewski, Mariusz Gałka, Michelle Garneau, Thomas Giesecke, Graciela Gil Romera, Martin P. Girardin, Dana Hoefer, Kangyou Huang, Jun Inoue, Eva Jamrichová, Naurius Jasiunis, Wenying Jiang, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Niina Kuosmanen, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Martin Lavoie, Fang Li, Jianyong Li, Olga Lisitsyna, J. Antonio López-Sáez, Reyes Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Gabriel Magnan, Eniko K. Magyari, Alekss Maksims, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Jenn Marlon, Scott Mensing, Joanna Miroslaw-Grabowska, Wyatt Oswald, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Ramón Pérez-Obiol, Sanna Piilo, Anneli Poska, Xiaoguang Qin, Cécile C. Remy, Pierre Richard, Sakari Salonen, Naoko Sasaki, Hieke Schneider, William Shotyk, Migle Stancikaite, Dace Šteinberga, Normunds Stivrins, Hikaru Takahara, Zhihai Tan, Liva Trasune, Charles E. Umbanhowar, Minna Väliranta, Jüri Vassiljev, Xiayun Xiao, Qinghai Xu, Xin Xu, Edyta Zawisza, Yan Zhao, and Zheng Zhou

Published
2021
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