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INTRODUCTION: A recent survey by the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region asserts that European public health programmes lack modernity and do not provide adequate leadership education. Aim of the study - to assess leadership competences in a group of Public Health students at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 178 students: 84 third-year first-cycle students and 94 second-year secondcycle students of Public Health at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. An 80% survey return rate; 153 women. Mean age 23.29 years (min. 22, max. 37, SD: 3.060). The PAPI method; voluntary participation; standardized anonymous Authentic Leadership Self-Assessment (SAP) questionnaire; 16 items on a Likert scale of 1 (completely disagree) to 5; four dimensions: 1. Self-awareness, 2. Ethics/morality, 3. Openness to feedback and 4. Transparency in relationships; high score: 16-20 points, low score: 15 points or less; Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.710; descriptive statistics. RESULTS: In the study group, 54% of students demonstrated a high level of leadership competences (16-20 points) in the dimension of Self-awareness (S). Most students obtained a low score (15 points or less) in the dimensions of: Ethics/morality - 55%, Openness to feedback - 58% and Transparency in relationships - 75%, which means a low level of the competences in question. CONCLUSIONS: The level of leadership skills in the study group was low, which is why, since the academic year 2017/2018, the first- and second-cycle study programmes have included courses on psychosocial skills. This may, in the future, promote the development and refinement of leadership skills, in line with the expectations of most employers. Due to the fact that the presented research is of a pilot nature, it will be continued in the following years in order to assess the impact of changes in the curricula on the improvement of students' leadership skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Functioning of the EMS during one year pre-pandemic compared to one year pandemic outbreak was analysed in relation to specific intervention groups alongside each other. Our observations focused on women requiring implementation of medical procedures and treatment by gynecology and obstetrics departments with the initial participation of EMS. Cases of both pregnant women and those with reproductive system diseases were analysed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a retrospective analysis of EMS interventions from the Łuków region in the two-year period from March 2019 to the end of February 2021 (one year before the epidemic - period I, and the year of the epidemic in Poland - period II). The material consisted of departure order flowsheet and the ambulance flowsheet records. RESULTS: In the 2-year period, there were 101 events that met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis, respectively 58 - period I and 43 - period II. In both periods, cases related to the commencement of the patient's labor outside the hospital ward are analyzed more often. The percentage share of interventions in the period before and during the pandemic for subsequent months of the year showed no significant correlations (2 = 14.886; p = 0.188). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect the number of EMS interventions related to gynecological and obstetric events in the area covered by the analysis. The mean duration of EMS interventions to gynecological and obstetric conditions slightly increased during the epidemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Summer internships constitute an essential component of the curriculum and have the greatest impact on preparing students for entering the labour market. Mandatory practical training for Warsaw Medical University students is usually held during summer internships. The study aimed to analyse the impact of the evaluation of summer internships on student self-assessment of and opinion on educational outcomes obtained by the second-cycle degree students of Public Health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 87 graduates (15 men and 72 women) from the second-cycle degree programme in Public Health at the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw Medical University. The study enrolled second-cycle degree students who graduated in the academic year 2015-16. A questionnaire return rate was 97% (85/87). Mean age of the study population amounted to 25.85 years (min. 23; max. 51; SD 4.550). A voluntary questionnaire study was conducted between July and September 2016. The study used an anonymous questionnaire developed by the authors at the Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw Medical University, based on the the list of educational outcomes adopted by the resolution of Warsaw Medical University Senate. The default significance level was established at 0.05. RESULTS: Most students participating in the study reported that their internships were valuable for them and had a positive impact on the level of achievement of educational outcomes included in the curriculum for the second-cycle degree programme in Public Health. Internships had significantly influenced the opinion of students participating in the study on the achievement of educational outcomes related to this area (rS = 0.24, p = 0.027). It was shown that a better assessment of internship went hand in hand with better self-assessment of student's knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an overall positive assessment of summer internships, they did not have a significant impact on the level of achievement of educational outcomes and student self-assessment. Therefore, there is a need for further assessment of the quality of summer internships, varification of internship placements and development of an internship database for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major complication of end jejunostomy is excessive fluid and electrolyte loss through the stoma, leading to hypovolaemia and dyselectrolytaemia within days and malnutrition within weeks. The aim was to compare the results of two nutritional approaches: unrestricted and restricted oral intake in patients with end jejunostomy commencing home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in terms of liver and renal biochemical markers and time to reconstructive bowel surgery with correlation to stoma output. Twenty patients with stabilised high output end-jejunostomy were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of ten patients with oral intake restricted to keep stomal output under 1000 ml. Group B consisted of ten patients with unrestricted oral intake. The following parameters were evaluated over 6 months: stomal output, self-estimation of general condition, body weight gain, plasma bilirubin and creatinine, number of hospitalisations prior to reconstructive surgery, the frequency of ostomy bag emptying, feelings of hunger and thirst in the daytime, and the time to reconstructive surgery. Stoma losses were compensated by parenteral supply. In group B, lower quality of life was observed, reflected by weakness, permanent feelings of hunger and thirst and the need for night-time emptying of the stoma bag. Patients in group B developed more complications and required more time to prepare for surgery. One death occurred in group B due to renal insufficiency followed by septic complications. Restricted oral intake seems to be more effective for prevention of HPN-related complications and shortening of time to surgery. Unrestricted oral intake appears to provoke uncontrolled losses of energy and protein, inhibiting weight gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was an empirical verification of a model assuming the influence of subjectively perceived sexual attractiveness and positive childbirth experience (PCE) (independent variables) on the level of women's sexual satisfaction after home birth or hospital birth (dependent variable) with the mediating involvement of subjectively perceived partner's support during pregnancy. The study was conducted with a group of 253 women after childbirth. Three standardised research tools were used in the study: the PCE Questionnaire, Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire and Body Esteem Scale as well as original tools for the evaluation of subjectively perceived partner's support during pregnancy and childbirth. The empirical verification of the theoretical model was performed with the use of multiple regression methods. The level of subjectively perceived partner's support during pregnancy, level of attractiveness and PCE had influence on the level of women's sexual satisfaction. Such an influence was, however, not noticed in relation to the partner's presence during childbirth, level of partner's support during childbirth or role of the place of childbirth. Subjectively perceived partner's support during pregnancy is of key importance, mediating between PCE and the level of women's sexual satisfaction after childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]