Search

Insect infestation is a topic librarians did not learn about in library school, but it is a fact of life that insects consider paper, wood, cloth, and especially glue, favorite foods. Preservationists recommend an integrated pest management (IPM) approach which involves prevention, inspection and detection, monitoring and identification, injury assessment and treatment options. Library administrators should be aware of the danger of bugs and prevent the problem rather than trying to eradicate it. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Part II. Examines the influence of the short-term action multivalent daylight with partly reduced ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the oxidation/light induced oxidation degradation of groundwood paper in the presence of various amount of secondary chromophores. Effect of radiation on groundwood paper; Efficiency of UV filters for the preservation of groundwood paper documents during long-term storage; Impact of deacidification of groundwood papers.

Reports on the role of chitosan in improving the ageing resistance of rosin sized paper. Relation between ageing variables and paper permanence; Nature and significance of chitosan; Effect of chitosan treatment on the ageing behavior.

Presents a study that developed a paper conservation treatment utilizing calcium hydroxide together with methyl cellulose in an aqueous solution on the alkaline reserve of the paper. Analysis of the chemical, mechanical and optical properties of treated and untreated papers; Methods used in testing the permanence of the paper; Comparison between the results on the alkaline reserve of two solutions used on the paper.

Collates and organizes in a practical manner the available information on enzymes that are used for adhesive removal in paper conservation and provides a checklist to help conservator choose the right enzyme for the job. Types and behaviors of enzymes; Guidelines for selection and application of enzymes; Rules for choosing enzymes.

Discusses research on paper aging and deterioration due to internal and external factors. Historical overview of research on paper aging and deterioration; Impact of the research with regard to the development of conservation strategies; Information on the deacidification of acid paper.

The change of mechanical (folding endurance index, breaking stress, breaking length, breaking index, tear index ), optical (brightness), chemical (cold extract pH, alkali reserve) and physical (water absorbency by surface, smoothness) characteristics of 5 paper samples were measured during the accelerated aging at 105 ± 2°C, and the measured exponential dependencies were described and fitted by the formal first-order kinetics. The statistic parameters of such fitting calculations evidenced good agreement of the experimental and calculated data. The relative decrease of each paper property corresponding to 48 days of accelerated aging was evaluated in order to compare the durability of paper samples. The best aging resistance was obtained for paper MAESTRO® Classic (SCP Ružomberok, Slovak Republic) and this paper material may be recommended for archival applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which determined the chemical element profiles of iron-gall ink writing before and after water treatment and deacidification. Advantage of using the non-destructive analytical method proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) for chemical elemental analysis; Comparison of ink and paper elemental concentration before and after deacidification.

Presents a study which examined the role of magnesium (Mg) in the light-induced oxidation of papers. Analysis of the concentration of methyl methoxymagnesium carbonate needed to achieve complete deacidification; Influence of the increase in pH and alkaline reserves on the properties of groundwood newsprint; Determination of the extent of inhibition of light induced oxidation.

Presents a study which examined the use of colorimetric and viscosimetric methods in monitoring the conservation level of books and archival papers. Main cause of the ageing of papers; Assessment of the significance of color changes; Correlation between color difference and degree of polymerization.

Part II. Presents information on a study which described a method proposed by The British Library for conservation of paper by grafting vaporized acrylic monomers on cellulose. Materials and methods; Results and discussion; Conclusions.

Investigates the effects of gamma radiation treatment of paper in different environmental conditions. Effects of radiation on commercial paper; Effect of ionizing radiation on microbial flora; Action of irradiation on paper over time; Advice when using irradiation treatment to preserve paper.

Visual ephemera is everyday materials of a transitory nature, rarely saved, which have a significant visual component. Postcards, movie posters, music concert posters, calendars, and illustrated brochures are examples of visual ephemera. Preservation issues related to visual ephemera include paper hydrolysis, clay coatings, chemically aggressive inks, photographic disintegration, and damage by mold, photo-oxidation, air pollutants, and improper handling. Conservation issues related to visual ephemera include paper repair, cleaning and stain removal, deacidification, and funding for conservation work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on the use of ethanol as fungal sanitizer in the preservation of paper. Effects of fungal activity on paper; Description of the chemical and physical properties of ethanol; Working mechanisms of ethanol on fungi.

Investigates the nature of foxing spots or brown stains on papers. Factors affecting the appearance of foxing stains; Paper acidity in the places of foxing formations; Measures to inhibit the further development of foxing detected in an early stage.

The paper is a review of bibliographical publications relating to transparent papers during the period 1960 to 1999. Emphasis is placed on conservation treatments. An introductory chapter covering the history and technology of these papers is followed by a description of types of degradation frequently encountered and a short paragraph dedicated to analysis. Subsequent chapters discuss conservation treatments, including dry cleaning, humidification and flattening, washing and deacidification, lining, local repairs, resizing, facing, solvent use and bleaching. A discussion of housing and storage methods completes the review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parchment is produced by processing the dermal layer of animal hide through limited mechanical and chemical treatment and then drying it under tension. The weak condition of many historical objects made of this material is caused by chemical, biological and mechanical degradation. Repairing these objects by filling gaps with parchment or paper patches may be inadvisable, due to important differences in intrinsic strength, which can create tensions between old and new materials. Alternative filling methods may be used, consisting of the application of solid materials in the form of a powder or a suspension, used to create a solid sheet of reconstituted parchment. The solids may consist of any kind of collagenous material (powdered parchment or hide, gelatin), paper or a combination of the two. Published methods describe preliminary treatments (e.g. relaxation), application media (water, solvents, additives), use of additional consolidating membranes (Japanese paper, goldbeater's skin), use of adhesives for pasting and surface consolidation purposes, preparation of mechanically isotropic templates for infills and tinting with synthetic dyes. A comparative investigation of methods confirms that the mechanical properties achieved in these infills, such as tensile strength and elasticity, as well as their reproducibility, are acceptable for application in conservation practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part II. Discusses the yellowing of paper and describes methods in conservation bleaching. Initiation of paper discoloration by oxidation; Nature of photooxidized paper components; Washing of paper; Introduction to chemical bleaching.

Presents information on a workshop which stressed basic preservation of paper information for serialists. Definition of preservation and conservation; Identification of preservations' prime directives; What must be considered in order to understand preservation problems and strategies; Information on the Library Binding Institute's standard for library binding; Standards used for paper.

A new treatment table for the structural conservation of canvas paintings is described. Capable of functioning as a hot-table or a low-pressure table with facilities for heating and moisture circulation, it also has potential applications in the conservation of textiles, paper and other works of art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of papyri from cartonnage (Egyptian mummy cases) is accomplished by facing the object with a tissue coated with pressure-sensitive adhesive, after which the gesso on the inside of the object is removed by means of an enzyme solution. After the removal of the layers of papyrus, the object is backed with Japanese tissue and the facing layer is removed. The object of the treatment is to remove the papyri without loss of text while maintaining the visual and aesthetic appearance of the original cartonnage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A badly damaged drawing had been consolidated and repaired by pasting it to the back of another drawing. The nature of the media precluded the use of aqueous or solvent methods of separation. Technical examination included infrared photography, ultraviolet fluorescence, X- and beta-radiography. The method of separation using steam, and subsequent consolidation and restoration of the two drawings, are described in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looks at deacidification of documents, which is based on artificial aging tests, extending the usable life of paper by a factor of about five. Requirements of the deacidification process; Descriptions of potential deacidification methods which can be used; Advantages and disadvantages of each method.

A leading consultant on dental practice technology explains the advantages, especially issues of cost in handling paper in the office. A practical approach to replacement of paper as it is used, rather than a comprehensive conversion, is suggested. Common mistakes include converting only part of the office or storing electronic information in different and non-integrated systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the need for conservation of paper products located in libraries, archives, and museums, and examines relevant advances within the field of paper conservation science. Staff involved in the care of paper collections often use risk assessment and conservation measures to reduce paper degradation, to monitor noxious environments, and to remedy biological degradation of paper. These goals can be accomplished through laser cleaning, as well as another method that uses nanoparticles of magnesium or calcium hydroxide in volatile alcohols with low surface tension for the deacidification of paper.

Focuses on establishing a deacidification regimen as part of a collection stewardship. Effect of acidic paper on book collections; Background on the acid problems and deacidification treatment; Steps to deacidifying books.

Part III. Discusses the parylene and graft copolymerization, two new methods of chemically treating paper for preservation. Effect of parylene on paper and bound books; Alternative for preservation of paper artifacts; Possibility in using combination of deacidification and strengthening agents.

Presents news briefs on the preservation of library materials in the U.S. as of May 1982. Issuance of the first publication of the National Preservation Program; Publication in paperback of the 3rd edition of George T. Eaton's "Photographic Chemistry in Black and White and Color Photography"; Production of a set of manuals on the preservation of paper and microfilm by the Nebraska State Historical Society.