568 results on '"P. Tonner"'
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102. Beherbergungsverbot während der COVID 19-Pandemie: Hotel muss Anzahlung zurückzahlen (zu MDR 2024, 558)
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Tonner, Klaus
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- 2024
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103. Rechtsfortbildung bei der Gewinnermittlung von Personengesellschaften
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Tonner, Norbert and Osnabrück, Hochschule
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- 2022
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104. Web-Building Connections: A Best-Practice Example of Using International Resources in Online Intercultural Didactics for Teachers.
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Leproni, Raffaella, Canals-Botines, Mireia, and Tonner-Saunders, Sharon
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TEACHERS ,LANGUAGE teachers ,CULTURAL competence ,EMPATHY ,SCIENCE education ,COVID-19 - Abstract
The English Language fifth-year Lab at Primary Education Science in Roma Tre (academic year 2019-2020, second semester) aimed to foster trainee teachers' language competences while providing them with methodological skills and examples of active engagement in intercultural projects using e-learning/distance learning. The Covid-19 lockdown deeply affected the course development: it forced participants to restructure their learning and activities so as to meet their new needs of self e-teaching in an e-didactics modality, as well as the fears that the new scenario was triggering; it also enabled them to discover unforeseen perspectives of international cooperation and emotional empathy with their peers at home and abroad, which fostered their will to use English as a lingua franca and improved their linguistic skills. Task-based activities regarding the different Lab modules, which ranged from self-/peer-directed assessment questionnaires to story writing and video recordings of different games, singing and creativity sessions, made the Lab become a sort of hub for innovative strategies and practices in language teaching, including the use of Makaton and music to tell stories and describe illustrations. These outputs, which have been collected and are currently under research, were meant as an assessment for the students, but also as motivating challenges to tackle the future teachers' competences in intercultural international activities (and use English) themselves. Strategies for L2 teaching and learning have proven effective also in conveying a sense of extended community, belonging and participation in achieving shared goals to foster responsible citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
105. Die neue Insolvenzsicherung durch Reisesicherungsfonds
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Tonner, Klaus
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- 2021
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106. Complementary Base Lowers the Barrier in SuFEx Click Chemistry for Primary Amine Nucleophiles.
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Luy, Jan-Niclas and Tonner, Ralf
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- 2020
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107. Effect of Heteroaromaticity on Adsorption of Pyrazine on the Ge(100)‑2×1 Surface.
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Sandoval, Tania E., Pieck, Fabian, Tonner, Ralf, and Bent, Stacey F.
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- 2020
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108. Solvent-Induced Bond-Bending Isomerism in Hexaphenyl Carbodiphosphorane: Decisive Dispersion Interactions in the Solid State.
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Böttger, Silas, Gruber, Marco, Münzer, Jörn Eike, Bernard, Guy M., Kneusels, Nis-Julian H., Poggel, Christina, Klein, Marius, Hampel, Frank, Neumüller, Bernhard, Sundermeyer, Jörg, Michaelis, Vladimir K., Tonner, Ralf, Tykwinski, Rik R., and Kuzu, Istemi
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- 2020
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109. Doing family: The constructed meanings of family in family farms.
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Wilson, Juliette and Tonner, Andrea
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EXTENDED families ,FAMILY farms ,FAMILY roles ,FAMILY-owned business enterprises ,FAMILIES ,COMPETITIVE advantage in business - Abstract
This paper examines the meaning of family in family businesses and enriches the notion of 'familiness' as a resource conferring competitive advantage to the business. This paper responds to calls for the need to explore further the family as a socially constructed concept. Taking as its focus case studies from five Scottish family farms, it examines the ways in which family is performed and enacted. Emergent findings demonstrate that family is done and displayed through the core business, its diversification activities and embedding practices. Core activities provide scope for family members to negotiate their positions within the family and also demonstrate these outside of the home. Diversification activities are used as a way of extending the boundaries of the family business, providing roles for family and extended family. Family firms are shown to benefit from the wider networks and strong and weak ties of individual family members. Finally, it is shown that the accumulation of these practices can result in a stronger more enduring family businesses. • Responds to calls to explore the social construction of the 'family'. • Examines the ways in which family is performed and displayed. • Shows that the accumulation of these practices can results in a stronger, more enduring family business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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110. On-Surface Formation of a Transient Corrole Radical and Aromaticity-Driven Interfacial Electron Transfer.
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Zugermeier, Malte, Herritsch, Jan, Luy, Jan-Niclas, Min Chen, Klein, Benedikt P., Niefind, Falk, Schweyen, Peter, Bröring, Martin, Schmid, Martin, Tonner, Ralf, and Gottfried, J. Michael
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- 2020
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111. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER
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Alfredo Pironti, J. Simpson-Hutchinson, Sean Conroy, J. Uljanovs, D. Middleton-Gear, G. Possnert, C. Angioni, R. McAdams, Nicholas Watkins, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, A. Garcia-Carrasco, K. Gałązka, D. Nodwell, Pasquale Gaudio, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, C. Boyd, A. Boboc, M. Reinhart, Igor Lengar, Jarrod Leddy, Hiroyasu Utoh, J. H. Ahn, A. Stevens, J. Lönnroth, U. Kruezi, C. Guillemaut, N. Fonnesu, W. Studholme, Marek Rubel, P. Cahyna, O. McCormack, A. S. Jacobsen, D. Mazon, Gunta Kizane, N. Ashikawa, William Tang, J. Goff, F. Nespoli, Thomas Giegerich, G. Petravich, Angela Busse, Corneliu Porosnicu, M. Bigi, M. Wheatley, Christopher N. Bowman, J. Zacks, Ivan Calvo, U. Losada, H. Weisen, B. Bauvir, Stanislas Pamela, Sylvain Brémond, M.F. Stamp, Scott W. McIntosh, A. Rakha, S. Glöggler, V. Braic, C. Bottereau, S. Murphy, S. Knott, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, N. Vora, S. D. Scott, A. Lazaros, R. Dejarnac, P. Buratti, H.R. Strauss, Gabriele Croci, M. Nocente, A. Hollingsworth, S. Reynolds, D. J. Wilson, D. D. Brown, T.C. Luce, S. Zoletnik, E. Nilsson, L. Laguardia, O. Marchuk, F.P. Orsitto, E. Cecil, V. Huber, J. B. Girardo, Stylianos Varoutis, M. D. Axton, Hyun-Tae Kim, E. Safi, Ch. Day, S. Arshad, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Prior, A. Meigs, S. Esquembri, P. Gohil, K. Purahoo, Torbjörn Hellsten, N. Tipton, R. Guirlet, E. Joffrin, V. Aldred, Calin Besliu, M. Valentinuzzi, G. T. Jones, J. Edwards, Giuseppe Ambrosino, Laurent Marot, N. Lam, F. Crisanti, G. Verona Rinati, R. Marshal, Michael L. Brown, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, Michaele Freisinger, R. Olney, Jari Varje, S. Whetham, F. Parra Diaz, M. R. Hough, P. Dinca, F. Salzedas, A. Goodyear, R. Gowland, J. A. Wilson, J. Horacek, D. King, K. Flinders, I. R. Merrigan, M. Ghate, R. Michling, F. Saint-Laurent, G. Kocsis, D. Van Eester, C. Young, R. O. Dendy, A. Meakins, N. Pace, C. L. Hunter, D. Alegre, S. Foster, V. Riccardo, M. Bulman, C. Jeong, Marek Szawlowski, B. D. Whitehead, Vasily Kiptily, James Harrison, Hiroshi Tojo, G. T. A. Huijsmans, J. W. Coenen, X. Litaudon, Justin Williams, C. Hidalgo, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, A. W. Morris, R. Mooney, Yann Corre, S. Brezinsek, B. Gonçalves, M. Kresina, D. Coombs, F. Köchl, J. L. Gardarein, W. Davis, Aqsa Shabbir, Kanti M. Aggarwal, L. Colas, A. B. Kukushkin, Seppo Sipilä, Elisabeth Rachlew, Leena Aho-Mantila, O. G. Pompilian, E. Viezzer, Shane Cooper, Fabio Villone, P. Blanchard, Patrick Tamain, P. Camp, T. Szabolics, C. Luna, Kalle Heinola, H. G. Esser, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Hajime Urano, Roberta Lima Gomes, J.P. Coad, Th. Pütterich, A. Sinha, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, G. D. Ewart, F. S. Griph, T. Kobuchi, X. Lefebvre, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, S. Peschanyi, B. Graham, Giuseppe Telesca, M. Kempenaars, J. Bernardo, M. Hughes, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, T. J. Smith, P. Hertout, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Matthew Sibbald, Grégoire Hornung, C. Tame, Matthew Carr, S. Wray, P. T. Doyle, A. Somers, Giuseppe Chitarin, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, I. Jepu, David A. Wood, J. Miettunen, A. Sopplesa, Raffaele Fresa, S. Saarelma, M. Bacharis, J. Pozzi, P. Vallejos Olivares, Teddy Craciunescu, Raffaele Albanese, S. Knipe, Jason P. Byrne, A. C. C. Sips, S. Hazel, V. Kazantzidis, G. Stankūnas, A. Kundu, J. Mailloux, C. Guerard, Pramit Dutta, J. E. Boom, Eduardo Alves, P. Grazier, Saskia Mordijck, V.S. Neverov, Kazuo Hoshino, A. P. Vadgama, P. D. Brennan, P. Innocente, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Irishkin, M. Berry, D. W. Robson, Dieter Leichtle, Fabio Pisano, P. McCullen, T. M. Huddleston, Kensaku Kamiya, D. Pacella, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, B. Magesh, A. Ash, J. Mlynář, C. Castaldo, C. Marchetto, D. L. Hillis, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, E. Andersson Sundén, G. Ramogida, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, Yannis Kominis, R. Proudfoot, C. Noble, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Hugo Bufferand, C. H. A. Hogben, B. Evans, R. Sartori, H. Greuner, M. G. Dunne, K. Schöpf, M. I. K. Santala, E. Giovannozzi, A. E. Shevelev, C. Gil, P. Boulting, P. Sagar, A.E. Shumack, P. A. Coates, C. Ayres, R. Prakash, C. Giroud, M. Parsons, J. C. Giacalone, S. Meshchaninov, A. Peackoc, G. De Temmerman, A.C.A. Figueiredo, D. Gallart, P. Santa, Sergey Popovichev, Ivan Lupelli, M. Valovic, Thomas Johnson, Y. Martynova, M. Rack, Olivier Sauter, J. Garcia, P. Siren, I. Balboa, S. Lee, Hans Nordman, R. Roccella, M. Faitsch, Julien Hillairet, Patrick J. McCarthy, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, V. Coccorese, Ye. O. Kazakov, R. El-Jorf, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Matthias Weiszflog, C. F. Maggi, Panagiotis Tolias, N. C. Hawkes, E. Clark, Bruno Santos, B. Sieglin, R. Rodionov, Roch Kwiatkowski, P. Denner, C. Woodley, Hugh Summers, Francesco Pizzo, G. Pucella, D. Croft, F. Di Maio, M. Tomes, D. Molina, A. Fernades, L. Amicucci, Marco Cecconello, A. Bisoffi, Z. Ul-Abidin, J. Wilkinson, H. Maier, S. Rowe, M. Beckers, P.J. Knight, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, K. Deakin, M. Enachescu, A. Cobalt, D. Tskhakaya Jun, Michela Gelfusa, Rémy Nouailletas, R. Ragona, N. Bonanomi, D. A. Homfray, K. Riddle, Yann Camenen, J. D. Thomas, R.P. Doerner, Timothy P. Robinson, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, D. Pulley, A. Bécoulet, E. Tholerus, O. Bogar, M. Peterka, R. Crowe, C. Sommariva, A. R. Talbot, N. K. Butler, N. Reid, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, Juri Romazanov, Andre Neto, G. L. Ravera, Paolo Arena, A. Manning, F. Durodié, Maryna Chernyshova, D. Karkinsky, Štefan Matejčík, J. P. Thomas, A. Wilson, L. Joita, R. Naish, P. Strand, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, T. Powell, V. Schmidt, D. Barnes, José Vicente, S. Doswon, Daniel F. Valcarcel, Claudia Corradino, R. Warren, Annette M. Hynes, J. D. Strachan, A. M. Messiaen, M. Kovari, O. Omolayo, D. M. Witts, R. C. Felton, C. Fleming, C. A. Marren, Patrick Maget, J. Galdon-Quiroga, H. R. Koslowski, Bruce Lipschultz, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, M. Schneider, Sara Moradi, K. J. Nicholls, M. Beldishevski, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, A. Ekedahl, A. Lyssoivan, C. Waldon, Davide Galassi, F. Jaulmes, A. Kirk, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Gabor Szepesi, R. C. Pereira, J. Juul Rasmussen, Nobuyuki Aiba, Michelle E. Walker, Gábor Cseh, Scott W. Mosher, R. Bastow, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, M. Curuia, C. D. Challis, Z. Ghani, J. Deane, João M. C. Sousa, Henrik Sjöstrand, T. O'Gorman, H. R. Wilson, P. Devynck, M. Price, C. A. Thompson, Daniele Marocco, A. Cullen, M. Clark, M. Lennholm, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Roland Sabot, I. Stepanov, N. Petrella, Filippo Sartori, L. W. Packer, P. Thomas, M. Lungu, A. V. Krasilnikov, R. Young, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Mǎdǎlina Vlad, Duccio Testa, Pierre Dumortier, Paulo Carvalho, M. Gosk, Yong-Su Na, M. Buckley, Carlos A. Silva, V. Fuchs, K. Vasava, P. A. Tigwell, B. Wakeling, M. Medland, M. Bellinger, K. Gal, Petter Ström, E. Veshchev, F. Nabais, A. Wynn, L. Lauro Taroni, B. Beckett, L. Gil, M. Towndrow, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, V. Philipps, A. de Castro, D. Kinna, D. Conka, Göran Ericsson, L. Piron, J. Hawkins, D. Cooper, Kenneth Hammond, V.V. Parail, Cristian Ruset, G.J. van Rooij, M. N. A. Beurskens, N. Fawlk, G. Evison, M. Van De Mortel, N. Marcenko, B. Slade, Th. Franke, Simone Peruzzo, N. den Harder, D. Baião, A. Martin de Aguilera, Frederic Imbeaux, Carlo Sozzi, J.L. de Pablos, J. Svensson, A. Withycombe, Ane Lasa, H. Sheikh, V.A. Yavorskij, Nick Walkden, E. Lerche, C. S. Gibson, Roberto Zanino, Y. Peysson, David Hatch, B. Bazylev, E. de la Cal, S. Hacquin, T. D. V. Haupt, S. A. Silburn, T.T.C. Jones, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Walid Helou, S. E. Sharapov, M. Zerbini, Ken W Bell, Marco Marinelli, Kyriakos Hizanidis, J. M. Fontdecaba, N. Teplova, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, W. W. Pires de Sa, T. C. Hender, J. K. Blackburn, I. Monakhov, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, J. Regana, Stefano Coda, Amanda J. Page, D. Fuller, António J.N. Batista, A. Horton, P. Heesterman, S. Cramp, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, A. Burckhart, M. Allinson, Larry R. Baylor, W. Leysen, D. B. Gin, P. Nielsen, A. Kantor, Yueqiang Liu, A.V. Stephen, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, B. C. Regan, Aleksander Drenik, A. Lukin, L. Thorne, G. Nemtsev, J. Denis, M. E. Graham, D. Rigamonti, W. Van Renterghem, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, A. Cufar, Giuseppe Prestopino, D. Kogut, N. Pomaro, J. Keep, Jochen Linke, Shimpei Futatani, Boris Breizman, A. Sirinelli, M. Chandler, M. Fortune, F. Degli Agostini, I. Jenkins, T. Spelzini, G. Calabrò, O. N. Kent, A. Lunniss, Etienne Hodille, Z. Vizvary, Volker Naulin, T. Eich, F. Mink, A. Alkseev, P. W. Haydon, Massimo Angelone, Norberto Catarino, J. Lapins, Roberto Pasqualotto, R. Lawless, T. Schlummer, F. Bonelli, M. Wischmeier, Stéphane Devaux, G. Saibene, Dirk Reiser, Y. R. Martin, H. Bergsåker, Jon Godwin, Alessia Santucci, C. Lane, Justyna Grzonka, Ph. Mertens, Claudio Verona, David Moulton, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, P. G. Smith, T. Bolzonella, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Ulrich Fischer, G. Liu, M. A. Henderson, M. Marinucci, T. Suzuki, Jakub Bielecki, João Figueiredo, M. Afzal, J. Cane, Robert Hager, Luciano Bertalot, M. Firdaouss, G. Tvalashvili, D. Hepple, D. Esteve, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, R. D'Inca, G. De Tommasi, Ch. Linsmeier, T. Nicolas, I. J. Pearson, P. Finburg, Ireneusz Książek, S. Talebzadeh, A. Czarnecka, A. Botrugno, M. Gethins, Bohdan Bieg, R. Baughan, I. Borodkina, B. Kos, A. Muraro, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Hermon, S.J. Wukitch, Jari Likonen, D. P. Coster, Guglielmo Rubinacci, I. H. Coffey, Justine M. Kent, S. E. Dorling, J. Dankowski, Geert Verdoolaege, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, A. Lescinskis, P. Staniec, Karl Schmid, M. Mayer, Peter Lang, T. Franklin, M.I. Williams, C. G. Elsmore, F. Maviglia, C. Di Troia, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, Yu Gao, Philipp Drews, E. Letellier, A. S. Thompson, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, E. Khilkevich, A. Manzanares, T. Nakano, Paulo Rodrigues, J. Edmond, Sebastián Dormido-Canto, R. Dux, C. Appelbee, L. Moser, Angelo Cenedese, D. Fagan, N. Richardson, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Rohde, R. Paprok, João P. S. Bizarro, P. Aleynikov, M. Sertoli, Ł. Świderski, Simone Palazzo, O. W. Davies, D. Douai, N. Macdonald, M. Baruzzo, J. López-Razola, M. Lungaroni, D. Clatworthy, R. Bravanec, J. Lovell, Ambrogio Fasoli, S.-P. Pehkonen, M. E. Puiatti, P. Papp, G. Bodnar, V. Aslanyan, A. Weckmann, K. A. Taylor, R. Henriques, I. T. Chapman, Ewa Pawelec, Miles M. Turner, Steven J. Meitner, M. Bernert, Ph. Maquet, R. C. Meadows, A. Shaw, N. Vianello, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, A. Fil, A. S. Couchman, Inessa Bolshakova, J. Fyvie, Konstantina Mergia, J. Gallagher, R.V. Budny, Frank Leipold, C. J. Rapson, R. C. Lobel, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Gianluca Rubino, G. Withenshaw, S. Maruyama, S. P. Hallworth Cook, M. Newman, Jérôme Bucalossi, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, I. Nedzelski, T. Donne, P. Leichuer, R. Cesario, M. D. J. Bright, T. Boyce, N. Imazawa, Per Petersson, R. King, A. Loving, L. Garzotti, Jorge Ferreira, G. Corrigan, D. Sandiford, B. Tal, P. Puglia, Daniel Tegnered, J. Karhunen, James S. Wright, Tom Wauters, J. McKehon, K. Rathod, Olivier Février, Alessandro Formisano, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, F. Medina, S. Collins, H. J. Boyer, Elena Bruno, Horacio Fernandes, M. J. Stead, R. Paccagnella, J. Kaniewski, Ion E. Stamatelatos, F. Causa, M. F. F. Nave, A. Patel, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, Mariano Ruiz, K. Dylst, Raymond A. Shaw, A. Brett, Jane Johnston, P. P. Pereira Puglia, J. Ongena, N. A. Benterman, V. N. Amosov, Christian Grisolia, J. Simpson, C. Perez von Thun, Jan Weiland, P. Tonner, F. Belli, T. Odupitan, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, Taina Kurki-Suonio, I. Uytdenhouwen, Estelle Gauthier, M. Oberkofler, B. Alper, Iris D. Young, S. Soare, Yuji Hatano, D. Reece, D. Borodin, M. Moneti, W. Yanling, S. Mianowski, K. Fenton, Stephen J. Bailey, R. Coelho, Sandra C. Chapman, E. Łaszyńska, A. R. Field, F.J. Martínez, Anders Nielsen, M. Smithies, M. J. Mantsinen, A. J. Capel, N. D. Smith, A. Pires dos Reis, M.-L. Mayoral, T. Loarer, P. Carman, N. Grazier, S. Breton, J. M. A. Bradshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Fulvio Auriemma, Fulvio Militello, Barbara Cannas, D. Ulyatt, A. Kappatou, P. Blatchford, R. Scannell, B. I. Oswuigwe, Darren Price, Robert E. Grove, D. Guard, M. Leyland, G. Stubbs, J. W. Banks, V.V. Plyusnin, M. S. J. Rainford, Andrea Murari, Sanjeev Ranjan, A. Huber, V. Krasilnikov, C. Bower, H. Leggate, S. Abduallev, P. Tsavalas, G. Giruzzi, K. Maczewa, Colin Roach, P. Beaumont, R. P. Johnson, Anna Widdowson, L. A. Kogan, A. Baron Wiechec, Markus Airila, J. Morris, Robert Skilton, Katarzyna Słabkowska, M. A. Barnard, Jean-Paul Booth, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, R. Bament, M. Tokitani, I. Turner, T. Vu, P. Huynh, S.N. Gerasimov, D. I. Refy, Yunfeng Liang, Anders Hjalmarsson, S. Dalley, Roberto Ambrosino, O. Hemming, T. R. Blackman, Y. Zhou, Vasile Zoita, P. Vincenzi, A. Loarte, C. Rayner, Martin Imrisek, M. Tripsky, C. Mazzotta, A. Uccello, V. Basiuk, Lide Yao, V. Goloborod'ko, S. Villari, B. P. Duval, N. Bulmer, W. Zhang, L. Hackett, D. N. Borba, M. Halitovs, Mario Pillon, H. Arnichand, Alberto Alfier, A. Lawson, A. Masiello, T. Makkonen, A. Vitins, D. Rendell, D. Paton, L. Avotina, A. Krivska, M. Maslov, Richard Verhoeven, Marc Goniche, A. Broslawski, Marica Rebai, E. de la Luna, E. Militello-Asp, V. Cocilovo, L. Carraro, Michael Fitzgerald, Bernardo B. Carvalho, D. Young, C.G. Lowry, F. J. Casson, L.-G. Eriksson, T. M. Biewer, B. Esposito, F.G. Rimini, J. Fessey, G. Kaveney, S. Hall, Robin Barnsley, Michael Lehnen, N. Bekris, L. F. Ruchko, P. Batistoni, E. Alessi, M. G. O'Mullane, D. S. Darrow, C. N. Grundy, N. Hayter, Ivo S. Carvalho, M. Brombin, Enrico Zilli, M. Valisa, M. Reich, S. Panja, C. Gurl, Charles Harrington, Emmanuele Peluso, M. Porton, Michael Walsh, D. Falie, A. Reed, Jacob Eriksson, P. Macheta, J. M. Faustin, S. Cortes, S. Fietz, P. Piovesan, D. Ciric, Eric Nardon, R. Neu, Bojiang Ding, G.A. Rattá, F. Reimold, R. Craven, M. Cox, J. Orszagh, Aaro Järvinen, A. S. Thrysøe, A. Shepherd, I. Ďuran, Andrew M. Edwards, A. Kinch, J. Beal, M. Gherendi, Martin Köppen, D. Samaddar, P. Dalgliesh, I. Vinyar, J. Jansons, Nengchao Wang, J. Wu, John Wright, S. Wiesen, C. King, Alessandra Fanni, L. D. Horton, N. Krawczyk, J. Buch, K. Krieger, Václav Petržílka, D. Schworer, C. Watts, T. Keenan, Andrea Malizia, B. D. Stevens, P. Trimble, C. P. Lungu, V. Prajapati, Marco Ariola, C. Wellstood, S. Gilligan, Mirko Salewski, Michael Barnes, Florin Spineanu, H. Doerk, C. Kennedy, S. Jachmich, J. Caumont, Isabel L. Nunes, A. Petre, A. Kallenbach, M. Anghel, B. Lomanowski, Marco Riva, M. Romanelli, G. De Masi, T. May-Smith, T. Xu, A. Goussarov, S. Romanelli, M. Okabayashi, A. Baker, R. Salmon, T. Tala, Nicolas Fedorczak, S. Lanthaler, Giuliana Sias, J. Risner, Clarisse Bourdelle, M. E. Manso, Fabio Moro, R. Lucock, M. Bassan, M. T. Ogawa, V. Thompson, A. M. Whitehead, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, Igor Bykov, Gennady Sergienko, E. Stefanikova, Mattia Frasca, H. Dabirikhah, Lorenzo Frassinetti, N. Dzysiuk, D. L. Keeling, Juan Manuel López, M. Turnyanskiy, Daniel Dunai, David Taylor, Arturo Buscarino, Carolina Björkas, A. Baciero, S. Meigh, M. Garcia-Munoz, Massimiliano Mattei, M. Hill, Gwyndaf Evans, S. Minucci, Xiang Gao, A. V. Chankin, Francesco Romanelli, A. Lahtinen, L. Giacomelli, A. Owen, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, Petr Vondracek, Sehyun Kwak, P. Abreu, L. Meneses, S. S. Medley, G. Gervasini, Surya K. Pathak, Kristel Crombé, M. Cleverly, H.S. Kim, C. Stan-Sion, Nobuyuki Asakura, E. Wang, A. Cardinali, L. Fazendeiro, R. Cavazzana, P. J. Lomas, J. Hawes, G. Stables, Silvia Spagnolo, S. P. Hotchin, N. R. Green, Slawomir Jednorog, Ewa Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Martin, Linwei Li, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, N. Ben Ayed, Mario Cavinato, M. Goodliffe, C. Clements, D. Kenny, Axel Klix, S. Gee, R. J. E. Smith, P. de Vries, L. Fittill, Min-Gu Yoo, S. Menmuir, K. Cave-Ayland, S. Potzel, D. Grist, K. Blackman, S. A. Robinson, Rodney Walker, David Pfefferlé, W. Broeckx, D. Harting, S. G. J. Tyrrell, F. Binda, L. Horvath, Davide Flammini, P. V. Edappala, Raul Moreno, G. M. D. Hogeweij, P. Card, A. Hagar, Ion Tiseanu, Rita Lorenzini, L. Appel, Jet Contributors, J. Flanagan, C. Paz Soldan, U. Samm, Otto Asunta, F. Eriksson, C. Taliercio, F. S. Zaitsev, G. F. Matthews, Tuomas Koskela, P. J. Howarth, D. Terranova, M. Skiba, Amanda Hubbard, R. Otin, K. G. McClements, M. Park, R. McKean, C. Christopher Klepper, I. Karnowska, Peter J. Pool, G. Ciraolo, Jennifer M. Lehmann, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Association EURATOM-TEKES, Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Assoc. Euratom-ENEA-CREATE, Universita Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria [Reggio Calabria], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN), ITN, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITER organization (ITER), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU), Institut d'ophtalmologie Hédi-Rais de Tunis, Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Assoc., Magnetic Sensor laboratory [Lviv] (MSL), National Polytechnic University of Lviv (LPNU), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Problems of Material Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Department of Hydraulics, Transportations and Roads, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department (MS 388), University of Nevada [Reno], AUTRES, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Mathematics [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP ERM KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), Institut für Physik, University of Basel (Unibas), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] (DIFFER), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Cadarache, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom research and training programme 633053, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides ( IMFS ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Univ. Mediterranea RC, Culham Science Centre, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear ( ITN ), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ITER Organization, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique ( LNIO ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU ), Service de cardiologie [Toulouse], Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), MSL, Lviv Polytechnic National University ( MSL ), Lviv Polytechnic National University, Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion ( CERAG ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics ( IEK-4 ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( NASU ), Lille - Economie et Management ( LEM ), Université catholique de Lille ( UCL ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie ( 3MI-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre G2I, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires ( LMGM ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Nevada, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] ( IPPLM ), UCL Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] ( ARC ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Cardiff School of Mathematics, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS ( LPP ERM KMS ), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School ( ERM KMS ), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] ( DIFFER ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, JET Contributors, Litaudon, X, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, K, Ahlgren, T, Ahn, J, Aho Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Albanese, R, Aldred, V, Alegre, D, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alfier, A, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Amosov, V, Andersson Sundén, E, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arshad, S, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Bacharis, M, Baciero, A, Baiã¡o, D, Bailey, S, Baker, A, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bament, R, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barnard, M, Barnes, D, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Baron Wiechec, A, Barrera Orte, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baughan, R, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beal, J, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Becoulet, A, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Belonohy, Ã, Ben Ayed, N, Benterman, N, Bergsã¥ker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besliu, C, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bãlkovã¡, P, Binda, F, Bisoffi, A, Bizarro, J, Bjã¶rkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, K, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bodnã¡r, G, Bogar, O, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonelli, F, Boom, J, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Boulting, P, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyd, C, Boyer, H, Bradshaw, J, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broså‚awski, A, Brown, D, Brown, M, Bruno, E, Bucalossi, J, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Bulman, M, Bulmer, N, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butler, N, Bykov, I, Byrne, J, Cahyna, P, Calabrã², G, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, D, Cane, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Caumont, J, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave Ayland, K, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Cenedese, A, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Chitarin, G, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Clark, E, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clatworthy, D, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, D, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Couchman, A, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Craven, R, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombã©, K, Crowe, R, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Dabirikhah, H, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, Davies, O, Davis, W, Day, C, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Castro, A, De La Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Masi, G, De Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Degli Agostini, F, Dejarnac, R, Delabie, E, Den Harder, N, Dendy, R, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dinca, P, D'Inca, R, Ding, B, Dittmar, T, Doerk, H, Doerner, R, Donnã©, T, Dorling, S, Dormido Canto, S, Doswon, S, Douai, D, Doyle, P, Drenik, A, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Äžuran, I, Durodiã©, F, Dutta, P, Duval, B, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Dzysiuk, N, Edappala, P, Edmond, J, Edwards, A, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, El Jorf, R, Elsmore, C, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Esposito, B, Esquembri, S, Esser, H, Esteve, D, Evans, B, Evans, G, Evison, G, Ewart, G, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Fasoli, A, Faustin, J, Fawlk, N, Fazendeiro, L, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenton, K, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Fessey, J, Fã©vrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Finburg, P, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Flinders, K, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, J, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fortuna Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Foster, S, Franke, T, Franklin, T, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fuller, D, Futatani, S, Fyvie, J, Gã¡l, K, Galassi, D, Gaå‚azka, K, Galdon Quiroga, J, Gallagher, J, Gallart, D, Galvã¡o, R, Gao, X, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia Carrasco, A, GarcÃa Muñoz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaudio, P, Gauthier, E, Gear, D, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Giegerich, T, Gil, C, Gil, L, Gilligan, S, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Girardo, J, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Glã¶ggler, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodliffe, M, Goodyear, A, Gorini, G, Gosk, M, Goulding, R, Goussarov, A, Gowland, R, Graham, B, Graham, M, Graves, J, Grazier, N, Grazier, P, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Grist, D, Groth, M, Grove, R, Grundy, C, Grzonka, J, Guard, D, Guã©rard, C, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gurl, C, Utoh, H, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hagar, A, Hager, R, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth Cook, S, Hamlyn Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harrington, C, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hasenbeck, F, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hawkins, P, Haydon, P, Hayter, N, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heinola, K, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Hermon, G, Hertout, P, Hidalgo, C, Highcock, E, Hill, M, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hillis, D, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Hobirk, J, Hodille, E, Hogben, C, Hogeweij, G, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Homfray, D, Horã¡ä ek, J, Hornung, G, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Hough, M, Howarth, P, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Hughes, M, Huijsmans, G, Hunter, C, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iglesias, D, Imazawa, N, Imbeaux, F, Imrãå¡ek, M, Incelli, M, Innocente, P, Irishkin, M, Ivanova Stanik, I, Jachmich, S, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, Jansons, J, Jardin, A, Jã¤rvinen, A, Jaulmes, F, Jednorã³g, S, Jenkins, I, Jeong, C, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Joita, L, Jones, G, Jones, T, Hoshino, K, Kallenbach, A, Kamiya, K, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Karnowska, I, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Keenan, T, Keep, J, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kenny, D, Kent, J, Kent, O, Khilkevich, E, Kim, H, Kinch, A, King, C, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirk, A, Kirov, K, 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J., Pehkonen, S. -P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, R., Pereira Puglia, P. P., Perez von Thun, C., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petržilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferlé, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Pütterich, Th., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. 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K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schöpf, K., Schwörer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipilä, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankūnas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Ström, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Świderski, Ł., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomeš, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya jun, D., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G. J., Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondráček, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires de Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Andersson Sundén, E., Baiã¡o, D., Belonohy, Ã. ., Bergsã¥ker, H., Bãlkovã¡, P., Bjã¶rkas, C., Bodnã¡r, G., Broså awski, A., Calabrã², G., Crombã©, K., De Castro, A., De La Cal, E., De La Luna, E., De Pablos, J. L., De Vries, P., Den Harder, N., D'Inca, R., Donnã©, T., Duckworth, P. h., Ä uran, I., Durodiã©, F., Eich, T. h., Fã©vrier, O., Gã¡l, K., Gaå azka, K., Galvã¡o, R., GarcÃa-Muñoz, M., Gardarein, J. -. L., Glã¶ggler, S., Goloborod'Ko, V., Goncalves, B., Guã©rard, C., Horã¡ä ek, J., Imrãå¡ek, M., Jã¤rvinen, A., Jednorã³g, S., Kã¶chl, F., Kã¶ppen, M., Kowalska-StrzÈ©ciwilk, E., Ksiaå¼ek, I., Å aszyå ska, E., Linsmeier, C. h., Lã¶nnroth, J., Lã³pez, J. M., López-Razola, J., Maquet, P. h., Markoviä , T., MartÃn De Aguilera, A., Martãnez, F. J., MartÃn-SolÃs, J. R., Mertens, P. h., Mlynã¡å , J., O'Gorman, T., O'Mullane, M., Pehkonen, S. -. P., Perez Von Thun, C., Petrå¾ilka, V., Pfefferlã©, D., Pires Dos Reis, A., Pã¼tterich, T. h., Rattã¡, G., Rã©fy, D., Regaã±a, J., Schã¶pf, K., Schwã¶rer, D., Sipilã¤, S. K., Sirã©n, P., Sjã¶strand, H., Stankå«nas, G., Strã¶m, P., Å widerski, Å. ., Tã¡l, B., Thompson, C. -. A., Thrysã¸e, A. S., Tomeå¡, M., Tskhakaya Jun, D., Van Rooij, G. J., Vondrã¡ä ek, P., Pires De Sa, W. W., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano] (DENG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Research Centre Julich (FZJ), Institute for Plasma Research, Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisboa, Queen's University Belfast, University of Helsinki, CEA, Department of Applied Physics, School services, SCI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, VTT, University of Naples Federico II, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, CNR, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Ente Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L'energia e l'ambiente, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, Uppsala University, National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, University of Catania, Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Institute for Fusion Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Latvia, Imperial College London, CIEMAT, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, University of York, Royal Institute of Technology, Maritime University of Szczecin, H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences, University of Trento, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Comenius University, University of Milan - Bicocca, National Institute for Optoelectronics, Fourth State Research, University of Texas at Austin, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Princeton University, CNRS, University of Cagliari, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, FOM Institute DIFFER, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Ghent University, J. Stefan Institute, Universite de Lorraine, CAS - Institute of Plasma Physics, University of California at San Diego, Koninklijke Militaire School - Ecole Royale Militaire, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, School services, ELEC, Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Automaatio- ja systeemitekniik, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Second University of Naples, Warsaw University of Technology, Universita della Basilicata, Barcelona Supercomp. Center, Universidad de Sevilla, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Sähkötekniikan laitos, University of Rome Tor Vergata, RAS - Ioffe Physico Technical Institute, General Atomics, University of Innsbruck, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Toyama, University of Strathclyde, National Technical University of Athens, Universita della Tuscia, Technical University of Denmark, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul National University, University College Cork, Vienna University of Technology, University of Opole, Daegu University, National Fusion Research Institute, Dublin City University, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, PELIN LLC, Arizona State University, Universidad Complutense, University of Basel, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Consorzio CREATE, Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Purdue University, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, School Services, ARTS, Department of Design, University of California Office of the President, Universidade de Sao Paulo, School Services, BIZ, Department of Information and Service Management, Lithuanian Energy Institute, HRS Fusion, Politecnico di Torino, University of Cassino, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Faculdade de Engenharia
- Subjects
Technology ,fusion ,Física [Ciências exactas e naturais] ,Tokamak ,Nuclear engineering ,DIAGNOSTICS ,01 natural sciences ,ILW ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Ilw ,[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,Plasma ,H-Mode Plasmas ,law ,ITER ,Disruption Prediction ,COLLISIONALITY ,EDGE LOCALIZED MODES ,Diagnostics ,Operation ,JET ,plasma ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Physics ,Jet (fluid) ,JET, plasma, fusion, ITER ,Divertor ,Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale ,Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics ,DENSITY PEAKING ,Carbon Wall ,H-MODE PLASMAS ,[ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,Density Peaking ,Neutron transport ,Facing Components ,Collisionality ,114 Physical sciences ,Física, Física ,Nuclear physics ,Physical sciences [Natural sciences] ,Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik ,Pedestal ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear fusion ,ddc:530 ,Neutron ,010306 general physics ,Fusion ,Physics, Physical sciences ,Nuclear and High Energy Physic ,Edge Localized Modes ,QC717 ,Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Reactors de fusió ,Física ,FACING COMPONENTS ,Fusion reactors ,Jet ,CARBON WALL ,DISRUPTION PREDICTION ,OPERATION ,ddc:600 - Abstract
The 2014–2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L–H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at ßN ~ 1.8 and n/nGW ~ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D–T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 1.173 autors/es: X. Litaudon35, S. Abduallev39, M. Abhangi46, P. Abreu53, M. Afzal7, K.M. Aggarwal29, T. Ahlgren101, J.H. Ahn8, L. Aho-Mantila112, N. Aiba69, M. Airila112, R. Albanese105, V. Aldred7, D. Alegre93, E. Alessi45, P. Aleynikov55, A. Alfier12, A. Alkseev72, M. Allinson7, B. Alper7, E. Alves53, G. Ambrosino105, R. Ambrosino106, L. Amicucci90, V. Amosov88, E. Andersson Sundén22, M. Angelone90, M. Anghel85, C. Angioni62, L. Appel7, C. Appelbee7, P. Arena30, M. Ariola106, H. Arnichand8, S. Arshad41, A. Ash7, N. Ashikawa68, V. Aslanyan64, O. Asunta1, F. Auriemma12, Y. Austin7, L. Avotina103, M.D. Axton7, C. Ayres7, M. Bacharis24, A. Baciero57, D. Baião53, S. Bailey7, A. Baker7, I. Balboa7, M. Balden62, N. Balshaw7, R. Bament7, J.W. Banks7, Y.F. Baranov7, M.A. Barnard7, D. Barnes7, M. Barnes27, R. Barnsley55, A. Baron Wiechec7, L. Barrera Orte34, M. Baruzzo12, V. Basiuk8, M. Bassan55, R. Bastow7, A. Batista53, P. Batistoni90, R. Baughan7, B. Bauvir55, L. Baylor73, B. Bazylev56, J. Beal110, P.S. Beaumont7, M. Beckers39, B. Beckett7, A. Becoulet8, N. Bekris35, M. Beldishevski7, K. Bell7, F. Belli90, M. Bellinger7, É. Belonohy62, N. Ben Ayed7, N.A. Benterman7, H. Bergsåker42, J. Bernardo53, M. Bernert62, M. Berry7, L. Bertalot55, C. Besliu7, M. Beurskens63, B. Bieg61, J. Bielecki47, T. Biewer73, M. Bigi12, P. Bílková50, F. Binda22, A. Bisoffi31, J.P.S. Bizarro53, C. Björkas101, J. Blackburn7, K. Blackman7, T.R. Blackman7, P. Blanchard33, P. Blatchford7, V. Bobkov62, A. Boboc7, G. Bodnár113, O. Bogar18, I. Bolshakova60, T. Bolzonella12, N. Bonanomi97, F. Bonelli56, J. Boom62, J. Booth7, D. Borba35,53, D. Borodin39, I. Borodkina39, A. Botrugno90, C. Bottereau8, P. Boulting7, C. Bourdelle8, M. Bowden7, C. Bower7, C. Bowman110, T. Boyce7, C. Boyd7, H.J. Boyer7, J.M.A. Bradshaw7, V. Braic87, R. Bravanec40, B. Breizman107, S. Bremond8, P.D. Brennan7, S. Breton8, A. Brett7, S. Brezinsek39, M.D.J. Bright7, M. Brix7, W. Broeckx78, M. Brombin12, A. Brosławski65, D.P.D. Brown7, M. Brown7, E. Bruno55, J. Bucalossi8, J. Buch46, J. Buchanan7, M.A. Buckley7, R. Budny76, H. Bufferand8, M. Bulman7, N. Bulmer7, P. Bunting7, P. Buratti90, A. Burckhart62, A. Buscarino30, A. Busse7, N.K. Butler7, I. Bykov42, J. Byrne7, P. Cahyna50, G. Calabrò90, I. Calvo57, Y. Camenen4, P. Camp7, D.C. Campling7, J. Cane7, B. Cannas17, A.J. Capel7, P.J. Card7, A. Cardinali90, P. Carman7, M. Carr7, D. Carralero62, L. Carraro12, B.B. Carvalho53, I. 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Dalgliesh7, S. Dalley7, J. Dankowski47, D. Darrow76, O. Davies7, W. Davis55,76, C. Day56, I.E. Day7, M. De Bock55, A. de Castro57, E. de la Cal57, E. de la Luna57, G. De Masi12, J. L. de Pablos57, G. De Temmerman55, G. De Tommasi105, P. de Vries55, K. Deakin7, J. Deane7, F. Degli Agostini12, R. Dejarnac50, E. Delabie73, N. den Harder38, R.O. Dendy7, J. Denis8, P. Denner39, S. Devaux62,104, P. Devynck8, F. Di Maio55, A. Di Siena62, C. Di Troia90, P. Dinca86, R. D’Inca62, B. Ding51, T. Dittmar39, H. Doerk62, R.P. Doerner9, T. Donné34, S.E. Dorling7, S. Dormido-Canto93, S. Doswon7, D. Douai8, P.T. Doyle7, A. Drenik62,81, P. Drewelow63, P. Drews39, Ph. Duckworth55, R. Dumont8, P. Dumortier58, D. Dunai113, M. Dunne62, I. Ďuran50, F. Durodié58, P. Dutta46, B. P. Duval33, R. Dux62, K. Dylst78, N. Dzysiuk22, P.V. Edappala46, J. Edmond7, A.M. Edwards7, J. Edwards7, Th. Eich62, A. Ekedahl8, R. El-Jorf7, C.G. Elsmore7, M. Enachescu84, G. Ericsson22, F. Eriksson16, J. Eriksson22, L.G. Eriksson36, B. Esposito90, S. Esquembri94, H.G. Esser39, D. Esteve8, B. Evans7, G.E. Evans7, G. Evison7, G.D. Ewart7, D. Fagan7, M. Faitsch62, D. Falie86, A. Fanni17, A. Fasoli33, J. M. Faustin33, N. Fawlk7, L. Fazendeiro53, N. Fedorczak8, R.C. Felton7, K. Fenton7, A. Fernades53, H. Fernandes53, J. Ferreira53, J.A. Fessey7, O. Février8, O. Ficker50, A. Field7, S. Fietz62, A. Figueiredo53, J. Figueiredo53,35, A. Fil8, P. Finburg7, M. Firdaouss8, U. Fischer56, L. Fittill7, M. Fitzgerald7, D. Flammini90, J. Flanagan7, C. Fleming7, K. Flinders7, N. Fonnesu90, J. M. Fontdecaba57, A. Formisano79, L. Forsythe7, L. Fortuna30, E. Fortuna-Zalesna19, M. Fortune7, S. Foster7, T. Franke34, T. Franklin7, M. Frasca30, L. Frassinetti42, M. Freisinger39, R. Fresa98, D. Frigione90, V. Fuchs50, D. Fuller35, S. Futatani6, J. Fyvie7, K. Gál34,62, D. Galassi2, K. Gałązka49, J. Galdon-Quiroga92, J. Gallagher7, D. Gallart6, R. Galvão10, X. Gao51, Y. Gao39, J. Garcia8, A. Garcia-Carrasco42, M. García-Muñoz92, J.-L. Gardarein3, L. Garzotti7, P. Gaudio95, E. Gauthier8, D.F. Gear7, S.J. Gee7, B. Geiger62, M. Gelfusa95, S. Gerasimov7, G. Gervasini45, M. Gethins7, Z. Ghani7, M. Ghate46, M. Gherendi86, J.C. Giacalone8, L. Giacomelli45, C.S. Gibson7, T. Giegerich56, C. Gil8, L. Gil53, S. Gilligan7, D. Gin54, E. Giovannozzi90, J.B. Girardo8, C. Giroud7, G. Giruzzi8, S. Glöggler62, J. Godwin7, J. Goff7, P. Gohil43, V. Goloborod’ko102, R. Gomes53, B. Gonçalves53, M. Goniche8, M. Goodliffe7, A. Goodyear7, G. Gorini97, M. Gosk65, R. Goulding76, A. Goussarov78, R. Gowland7, B. Graham7, M.E. Graham7, J. P. Graves33, N. Grazier7, P. Grazier7, N.R. Green7, H. Greuner62, B. Grierson76, F.S. Griph7, C. Grisolia8, D. Grist7, M. Groth1, R. Grove73, C.N. Grundy7, J. Grzonka19, D. Guard7, C. Guérard34, C. Guillemaut8,53, R. Guirlet8, C. Gurl7, H.H. Utoh69, L.J. Hackett7, S. Hacquin8,35, A. Hagar7, R. Hager76, A. Hakola112, M. Halitovs103, S.J. Hall7, S.P. Hallworth Cook7, C. Hamlyn-Harris7, K. 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Rubino12, L. Ruchko52, M. Ruiz94, C. Ruset86, J. Rzadkiewicz65, S. Saarelma7, R. Sabot8, E. Safi101, P. Sagar7, G. Saibene41, F. Saint-Laurent8, M. Salewski83, A. Salmi112, R. Salmon7, F. Salzedas53, D. Samaddar7, U. Samm39, D. Sandiford7, P. Santa46, M.I.K. Santala1, B. Santos53, A. Santucci90, F. Sartori41, R. Sartori41, O. Sauter33, R. Scannell7, T. Schlummer39, K. Schmid62, V. Schmidt12, S. Schmuck7, M. Schneider8, K. Schöpf102, D. Schwörer32, S.D. Scott76, G. Sergienko39, M. Sertoli62, A. Shabbir15, S.E. Sharapov7, A. Shaw7, R. Shaw7, H. Sheikh7, A. Shepherd7, A. Shevelev54, A. Shumack38, G. Sias17, M. Sibbald7, B. Sieglin62, S. Silburn7, A. Silva53, C. Silva53, P.A. Simmons7, J. Simpson7, J. Simpson-Hutchinson7, A. Sinha46, S.K. Sipilä1, A.C.C. Sips36, P. Sirén112, A. Sirinelli55, H. Sjöstrand22, M. Skiba22, R. Skilton7, K. Slabkowska49, B. Slade7, N. Smith7, P.G. Smith7, R. Smith7, T.J. Smith7, M. Smithies110, L. Snoj81, S. Soare85, E. R. Solano35,57, A. Somers32, C. Sommariva8, P. Sonato12, A. Sopplesa12, J. Sousa53, C. Sozzi45, S. Spagnolo12, T. Spelzini7, F. Spineanu86, G. Stables7, I. Stamatelatos71, M.F. Stamp7, P. Staniec7, G. Stankūnas59, C. Stan-Sion84, M.J. Stead7, E. Stefanikova42, I. Stepanov58, A.V. Stephen7, M. Stephen46, A. Stevens7, B.D. Stevens7, J. Strachan76, P. Strand16, H.R. Strauss44, P. Ström42, G. Stubbs7, W. Studholme7, F. Subba75, H.P. Summers21, J. Svensson63, Ł. Świderski65, T. Szabolics113, M. Szawlowski49, G. Szepesi7, T.T. Suzuki69, B. Tál113, T. Tala112, A.R. Talbot7, S. Talebzadeh95, C. Taliercio12, P. Tamain8, C. Tame7, W. Tang76, M. Tardocchi45, L. Taroni12, D. Taylor7, K.A. Taylor7, D. Tegnered16, G. Telesca15, N. Teplova54, D. Terranova12, D. Testa33, E. Tholerus42, J. Thomas7, J.D. Thomas7, P. Thomas55, A. Thompson7, C.-A. Thompson7, V.K. Thompson7, L. Thorne7, A. Thornton7, A.S. Thrysøe83, P.A. Tigwell7, N. Tipton7, I. Tiseanu86, H. Tojo69, M. Tokitani67, P. Tolias82, M. Tomeš50, P. Tonner7, M. Towndrow7, P. Trimble7, M. Tripsky58, M. Tsalas38, P. Tsavalas71, D. Tskhakaya jun102, I. Turner7, M.M. Turner32, M. Turnyanskiy34, G. Tvalashvili7, S.G.J. Tyrrell7, A. Uccello45, Z. Ul-Abidin7, J. Uljanovs1, D. Ulyatt7, H. Urano69, I. Uytdenhouwen78, A.P. Vadgama7, D. Valcarcel7, M. Valentinuzzi8, M. Valisa12, P. Vallejos Olivares42, M. Valovic7, M. Van De Mortel7, D. Van Eester58, W. Van Renterghem78, G.J. van Rooij38, J. Varje1, S. Varoutis56, S. Vartanian8, K. Vasava46, T. Vasilopoulou71, J. Vega57, G. Verdoolaege58, R. Verhoeven7, C. Verona95, G. Verona Rinati95, E. Veshchev55, N. Vianello45, J. Vicente53, E. Viezzer62,92, S. Villari90, F. Villone100, P. Vincenzi12, I. Vinyar74, B. Viola90, A. Vitins103, Z. Vizvary7, M. Vlad86, I. Voitsekhovitch34, P. Vondráček50, N. Vora7, T. Vu8, W.W. Pires de Sa52, B. Wakeling7, C.W.F. Waldon7, N. Walkden7, M. Walker7, R. Walker7, M. Walsh55, E. Wang39, N. Wang39, S. Warder7, R.J. Warren7, J. Waterhouse7, N.W. Watkins28, C. Watts55, T. Wauters58, A. Weckmann42, J. Weiland23, H. Weisen33, M. Weiszflog22, C. Wellstood7, A.T. West7, M.R. Wheatley7, S. Whetham7, A.M. Whitehead7, B.D. Whitehead7, A.M. Widdowson7, S. Wiesen39, J. Wilkinson7, J. Williams7, M. Williams7, A.R. Wilson7, D.J. Wilson7, H.R. Wilson110, J. Wilson7, M. Wischmeier62, G. Withenshaw7, A. Withycombe7, D.M. Witts7, D. Wood7, R. Wood7, C. Woodley7, S. Wray7, J. Wright7, J.C. Wright64, J. Wu89, S. Wukitch64, A. Wynn110, T. Xu7, D. Yadikin16, W. Yanling39, L. Yao89, V. Yavorskij102, M.G. Yoo80, C. Young7, D. Young7, I.D. Young7, R. Young7, J. Zacks7, R. Zagorski49, F.S. Zaitsev18, R. Zanino75, A. Zarins103, K.D. Zastrow7, M. Zerbini90, W. Zhang62, Y. Zhou42, E. Zilli12, V. Zoita86, S. Zoletnik113, I. Zychor65 and JET Contributorsa // EUROfusion Consortium JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 1 Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland / 2 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France / 3 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France / 4 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, 13013 Marseille, France / 5 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America / 6 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain / 7 CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 8 CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 9 Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America / 10 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud, 160, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22290-180, Brazil / 11 Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 12 Consorzio RFX, corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy / 13 Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-174, Republic of Korea / 14 Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain / 15 Department of Applied Physics UG (Ghent University) St-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Ghent, Belgium / 16 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 17 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 09123, Cagliari, Italy / 18 Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynska dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia / 19 Department of Materials Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PL-01-152 Warsaw, Poland / 20 Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea / 21 Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, United Kingdom / 22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden / 23 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 24 Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom / 25 Department of Physics, SCI, KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden / 26 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland / 27 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom / 28 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom / 29 Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Queens University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom / 30 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy / 31 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy / 32 Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland / 33 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland / 34 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany / 35 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Culham, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 36 European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium / 37 Fluid and Plasma Dynamics, ULB—Campus Plaine—CP 231 Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium / 38 FOM Institute DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands / 39 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany / 40 Fourth State Research, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX, United States of America / 41 Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pl. 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019, Barcelona, Spain / 42 Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden / 43 General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America / 44 HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, United States of America / 45 IFP-CNR, via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy / 46 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, Gujarat State, India / 47 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland / 48 Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland / 49 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland / 50 Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czechia / 51 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China / 52 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Travessa R Nr.187 CEP 05508-090 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil / 53 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal / 54 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation / 55 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 56 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany / 57 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain / 58 Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire, Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance B-1000, Brussels, Belgium / 59 Lithuanian energy institute, Breslaujos g. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania / 60 Magnetic Sensor Laboratory, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine / 61 Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland / 62 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany / 63 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany / 64 MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Centre, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America / 65 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland / 66 National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea / 67 National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan / 68 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan / 69 National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan / 70 National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece / 71 NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 153 10, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece / 72 NRC Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation / 73 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169, United States of America / 74 PELIN LLC, 27a, Gzhatskaya Ulitsa, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation / 75 Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy / 76 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America / 77 Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America / 78 SCK-CEN, Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium / 79 Second University of Napoli, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 80 Seoul National University, Shilim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Republic of Korea / 81 Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA), Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia / 82 Space and Plasma Physics, EES, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden / 83 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Bldg 309, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark / 84 The ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 85 The National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania / 86 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 87 The National Institute for Optoelectronics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 88 Troitsk Insitute of Innovating and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI), Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russian Federation / 89 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China / 90 Unità Tecnica Fusione, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy / 91 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain / 92 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain / 93 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain / 94 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo I2A2, Madrid, Spain / 95 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy / 96 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland / 97 University Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy / 98 University of Basilicata, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 99 University of California, 1111 Franklin St., Oakland, CA 94607, United States of America / 100 University of Cassino, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 101 University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland / 102 University of Innsbruck, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Innsbruck, Austria / 103 University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia / 104 University of Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7198, YIJL, Nancy, France / 105 University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 106 University of Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 107 University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America / 108 University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan / 109 University of Tuscia, DEIM, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy / 110 University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom / 111 Vienna University of Technology, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria / 112 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland / 113 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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- 2017
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112. Reisestornierungen in Pandemiezeiten im Spiegel der Rechtsprechung
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Tonner, Klaus
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- 2021
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113. Safety and feasibility of nasopharyngeal evaporative cooling in the emergency department setting in survivors of cardiac arrest
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Becky Inderbitzen, Denise Barbut, S. Hachimi-Idrissi, Gabriele Wöbker, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Harald Fritz, H-B Hopf, H.-J. Busch, C. Bode, F Eichwede, M Födisch, Fritz Sterz, Jean Louis Vincent, T. Schwab, Paul Martens, P Tonner, Andreas Janata, Internal Medicine Specializations, Intensive Care, Critical Care, and Faculty of Arts and Philosophy
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Resuscitation ,cardiac arrest ,Hypothermia ,Emergency Nursing ,Body Temperature ,Hypothermia, Induced ,Nasopharynx ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Hospital discharge ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Adverse effect ,Administration, Intranasal ,Aged ,business.industry ,Cooling devices ,Equipment Design ,Emergency department ,Middle Aged ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,Heart Arrest ,Surgery ,Cold Temperature ,Treatment Outcome ,Emergency Medicine ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Evaporative cooler - Abstract
Aim: Mild therapeutic hypothermia improves survival and neurologic recovery in primary comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Cooling effectivity, safety and feasibility of nasopharyngeal cooling with the RhinoChill device (BeneChill Inc., San Diego, USA) were determined for induction of therapeutic hypothermia. Methods: Eleven emergency departments and intensive care units participated in this multi-centre, single-arm descriptive study. Eighty-four patients after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest were cooled with nasopharyngeal delivery of an evaporative coolant for 1 h. Subsequently, temperature was controlled with systemic cooling at 33 degrees C. Cooling rates, adverse events and neurologic outcome at hospital discharge using cerebral performance categories (CPC; CPC 1 = normal to CPC 5 = dead) were documented. Temperatures are presented as median and the range from the first to the third quartile. Results: Nasopharyngeal cooling for 111 reduced tympanic temperature by median 2.3 (1.6; 3.0) degrees C, core temperature by 1.1 (0.7; 1.5) degrees C. Nasal discoloration occurred during the procedure in 10(12%) patients, resolved in 9, and was persistent in 1 (1%). Epistaxis was observed in 2 (2%) patients. Periorbital gas emphysema occurred in 1 (1%) patient and resolved spontaneously. Thirty-four of 84 patients (40%) patients survived, 26/34 with favorable neurological outcome (CPC of 1-2) at discharge. Conclusions: Nasopharyngeal evaporative cooling used for 1h in primary cardiac arrest survivors is feasible and safe at flow rates of 40-50 L/min in a hospital setting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- 2010
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114. Organic Functionalization at the Si(001) Dimer Vacancy Defect—Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity
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Luy, Jan-Niclas and Tonner, Ralf
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In this density functional theory study, the influence of the bonded dimer vacancy (DV) on the reactivity of the Si(001) surface is investigated. To this end, electronic and structural properties of the defect are analyzed. Band structure calculations reveal a higher-lying valence band which would suggest increased reactivity. However, the opposite is found when organic molecules for interface formation (acetylene, ethylene, and cyclooctyne) are adsorbed at the defect. Significant reaction barriers have to be overcome in order to form bonds with defect atoms, while adsorption on the pristine surface is mostly direct. This suggests the presence of a rather weak Si–Si bond across the defect which must be dissociated before organic adsorbates can react. A rich adsorption and reaction network is found in addition to the structures known from the pristine surface. All three investigated adsorbates show different bonding characteristics. For acetylene and ethylene, the preferred thermodynamic sink is the insertion into the defect, with the latter molecule even dissociating. Bulky cyclooctyne on the other hand avoids reaction with the defect due to steric demands imposed by the small defect cavity. The DV has no effect on the reactivity of neighboring dimers. A combination of defect creation and hydrogen-precoverage could be a promising approach for selective surface functionalization. We thus show the influence of a nonideal surface on organic functionalization and interface build-up reactions for a prototypical interface.
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- 2021
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115. Older people and technology: Time to smarten up our act
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Ahmed, Hanad, Haq, Iqraa, Rahman, Ammar, Tonner, Emma, Abbass, Rami, Sharif, Faraz, Asinger, Shad, and Sbai, Magda
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The NHS faces challenges today that it was not designed to tackle at its conception in 1948. The UK demographic has changed considerably with higher life expectancy and ‘an ageing population’.
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- 2021
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116. Verbraucherschutz vs. Unternehmensschutz — Rücktritt des Reisenden und des Reiseveranstalters wegen der Covid-19-Pandemie
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Bergmann, Stefanie and Tonner, Klaus
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- 2021
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117. [S3-guidelines 'sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy' 2014 (AWMF register no. 021/014)]
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A, Riphaus, T, Wehrmann, J, Hausmann, B, Weber, S, von Delius, M, Jung, P, Tonner, J, Arnold, A, Behrens, U, Beilenhoff, H, Bitter, D, Domagk, S, In der Smitten, B, Kallinowski, A, Meining, A, Schaible, D, Schilling, H, Seifert, F, Wappler, and I, Kopp
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Anesthesiology ,Germany ,Conscious Sedation ,Gastroenterology ,Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal - Published
- 2015
118. COVID 19 und Reisegutscheine
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Tonner, Klaus
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- 2020
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119. Adsorption of Methyl-Substituted Benzylazide on Si(001): Reaction Channels and Final Configurations
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Heep, Julian, Luy, Jan-Niclas, Länger, Christian, Meinecke, Jannick, Koert, Ulrich, Tonner, Ralf, and Dürr, Michael
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The reaction of a methyl-substituted benzylazide on the silicon (001) surface was investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and density functional theory (DFT)-based computations. It was found that the reaction takes place via an intermediate state, which could be experimentally observed at low temperatures. XPS analysis showed that at temperatures of 150 K and above, the azide further reacts on the silicon surface via abstraction of N2. The final state sees the remaining nitrogen atom of the adsorbate binding covalently to the surface. In the STM images, this final state is associated with two different adsorption configurations. In comparison with DFT calculations, these two configurations are assigned to the molecule being bound via the nitrogen atom only and to a configuration with the molecule bound to the substrate via the nitrogen atom and carbon ring simultaneously.
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- 2020
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120. Corona-Pandemie und Reiserecht
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Tonner, Klaus
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- 2020
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121. Chemisorption and Physisorption at the Metal/Organic Interface: Bond Energies of Naphthalene and Azulene on Coinage Metal Surfaces
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Kachel, Stefan R., Klein, Benedikt P., Morbec, Juliana M., Schöniger, Maik, Hutter, Mark, Schmid, Martin, Kratzer, Peter, Meyer, Bernd, Tonner, Ralf, and Gottfried, J. Michael
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Organic/inorganic hybrid interfaces play a prominent role in organic (opto)electronics, heterogeneous catalysis, sensors, and other current fields of technology. The performance of the related devices and processes depends critically on the nature and strength of interfacial interaction. Here, we use the molecular isomers naphthalene (Nt) and azulene (Az) on the Ag(111) and Cu(111) surfaces as model systems that cover different bonding regimes from physisorption to chemisorption. Az also serves as a model for nonalternant molecular electronic materials and for topological 5–7 defects in graphene. The interaction energies are determined from the quantitative analysis of temperature-programmed desorption data. On both surfaces, Az binds more strongly than Nt, with zero-coverage desorption energies (in kJ/mol) of 120 for Az/Ag and 179 for Az/Cu, compared to 103 for Nt/Ag and 114 for Nt/Cu. The integrated experimental energies are compared with adsorption energies from density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, which include van der Waals contributions using four different correction schemes for the PBE functional: (1) the DFT-D3 scheme with Becke–Johnson damping, (2) the vdWsurfcorrection based on DFT-TS, (3) a many-body dispersion correction scheme, and (4) the D3surfscheme. Differences in the performance of these methods are discussed. Periodic energy decomposition analysis reveals details of the surface chemical bond and confirms that Az/Cu forms a chemisorptive bond, while the other systems are physisorbed. The variation of the adsorbate–substrate interaction with the topology of the π-electron system and the type of surface can be employed to modify the interface properties in graphene-based and organic electronic devices.
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- 2020
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122. Die Verbandsklagetätigkeit des VZBV im Bereich des Reiserechts in den Jahren 2018 und 2019
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Hoppe, Kerstin and Tonner, Klaus
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- 2020
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123. Molecule–Metal Bond of Alternant versus Nonalternant Aromatic Systems on Coinage Metal Surfaces: Naphthalene versus Azulene on Ag(111) and Cu(111).
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Klein, Benedikt P., Morbec, Juliana M., Franke, Markus, Greulich, Katharina K., Sachs, Malte, Parhizkar, Shayan, Bocquet, François C., Schmid, Martin, Hall, Samuel J., Maurer, Reinhard J., Meyer, Bernd, Tonner, Ralf, Kumpf, Christian, Kratzer, Peter, and Gottfried, J. Michael
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- 2019
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124. [{(PhSn)3SnS6}{(MCp)3S4}] (M = W, Mo): Minimal Molecular Models of the Covalent Attachment of Metal Chalcogenide Clusters on Doped Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Layers.
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Dornsiepen, Eike, Pieck, Fabian, Tonner, Ralf, and Dehnen, Stefanie
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- 2019
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125. Unincorporated Channel Meeting (UCM) - Grundlagenforschung über Mechanismen der Anästhesie
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W. Urban and P. Tonner
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Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,General Medicine ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine - Published
- 2004
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126. Atomic Structure of Si-Rich 3C-SiC(001)-(3x2): a Photoelectron Diffraction Study
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Z. D. Hurych, Brian P. Tonner, D. Dunham, Antonio Tejeda, Eli Rotenberg, Enrique G. Michel, Patrick Soukiassian, and J. D. Denlinger
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Diffraction ,Crystallography ,Materials science ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nanowire ,General Materials Science ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2003
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127. Quantitative charge state analysis of manganese biominerals in aqueous suspension using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM)
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Kenneth H. Nealson, Lea Cox, Eric M. Kneedler, Brian P. Tonner, John R. Bargar, Daniel Mccubbery, Jörg Rothe, Klaus H. Pecher, and George Meigs
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chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Precipitation (chemistry) ,Oxidation state ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Microscopy ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Disproportionation ,Manganese ,Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy ,Redox - Abstract
We have applied Scanning Transmission Soft X-ray Microscopy (STXM) to investigate the charge state distribution of Mn in two kinds of Mn-biominerals, Mn nodules collected from Lake Michigan sediments and Mn precipitates formed by spores of a marine bacillus SG-1 under transport limited reaction conditions. A data analysis technique was developed, which allows for extraction of spatially resolved 2-d charge state maps of manganese on a submicron level. We find that the charge state of Mn dominates the spectral shape of L-edge spectra of environmentally important single oxidation state Mn minerals and that spectra of mixed oxidation state oxides can be modelled by a combination of appropriate single oxidation state reference spectra. Two-dimensional maps of charge state distributions clearly reveal domains of different oxidation states within single particles of Mn-micronodules. Spots of preferred accumulation of Mn(II) were found, which indicates biogenic precipitation of Mn(II)-species as a first step of nodule formation. The presence of Mn(III) in the studied sediment samples suggests the involvement of one-electron oxidation processes and reaction conditions which inhibit or slow down the disproportionation of Mn(III)-products. Under transport limited conditions, Mn oxidation products formed by spores of the marine bacillus SG-1 can vary from cell to cell. The presence of significant amounts of Mn(III) containing species points to the involvement of one-electron oxidation reactions as in the case of the micro-nodules. Our technique and the results obtained form a new basis for the mechanistic understanding of the formation of Mn biominerals in the environment.
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- 2003
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128. Imaging of Cu(001) atoms by a new differential approach to photoelectron holography
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S. D. Kevan, Jonathan D. Denlinger, S. Omori, Yoshimasa Nihei, Charles S. Fadley, Brian P. Tonner, M. A. Van Hove, and Eli Rotenberg
- Subjects
Diffraction ,Radiation ,Holography ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Space (mathematics) ,Copper ,Molecular physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Sampling (signal processing) ,chemistry ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,law ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Differential (mathematics) ,Differential method - Abstract
We have applied a new differential method of photoelectron holography to both experimental and theoretical multiple-energy photoelectron diffraction data for Cu 3p bulk emission from Cu(001). Dominant forward-scattering effects contained in a normalized hologram χ k have been eliminated by taking the k -difference δχ k along each direction k . Two data sets that are different in k -space sampling ranges and densities have been analyzed to compare atomic images reconstructed from χ and δχ . In both cases, the original scheme has yielded only very weak images of back-scattering atoms and spurious features in the forward-scattering directions. On the other hand, the differential scheme has been found to be successful in suppressing the forward-scattering effects to image not only side-scattering and back-scattering atoms in either case, but also forward-scattering atoms in one of the two cases.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
129. Soft x-ray spectroscopy and imaging of interfacial chemistry in environmental specimens
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Timothy C. Droubay, K. Pecher, Eric M. Kneedler, Jonathan D. Denlinger, Kenneth H. Nealson, J. Rothe, Werner Meyer-Ilse, Timothy J. Grundl, Tony Warwick, and Brian P. Tonner
- Subjects
Soft x ray ,X-ray spectroscopy ,Mineral ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,Mineralogy ,Nanotechnology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Environmental exposure ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,X-ray absorption fine structure ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,Materials Chemistry ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Interfaces between minerals and water, and minerals and microbes, are chemically complex and traditionally have been considered beyond the capabilities of surface science techniques, except for model systems under controlled laboratory conditions. We report on some advances in soft x-ray spectroscopy and imaging that make it possible to extract meaningful chemical information about interfaces of specimens that have complex histories, involving environmental exposure. These measurements utilize x-ray absorption spectroscopy, in combination with spatial resolution, in a technique called x-ray spectromicroscopy. Examples are drawn from attempts at Mn and Fe speciation of biologically produced minerals, bio-corrosion deposits and clays.
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- 1999
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130. Holographic atomic images from surface and bulk W(110) photoelectron diffraction data
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M. A. Van Hove, S. D. Kevan, Yulin Chen, Jonathan D. Denlinger, Charles S. Fadley, Brian P. Tonner, P.M. Len, and Eli Rotenberg
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Diffraction ,Physics ,business.industry ,Relaxation (NMR) ,Holography ,Electron ,Electron holography ,law.invention ,Optics ,Beamline ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,Electron diffraction ,law ,business - Abstract
Although Gabor originally proposed using electrons in holography to form atomic-resolution images, it is only very recently that photoelectron diffraction data have been discussed as a practical method for achieving this. Such data enable recording both the amplitudes and phases of the scattered waves (relative to a direct reference wave), thus in principle permitting the holographic reconstruction of atomic positions. Photoelectron holography thus holds much promise of at least providing approximate starting structures that can be refined by more conventional comparisons of multiple-scattering calculations with experiment via R-factors. Criteria for optimizing the taking of such data and their holographic photoelectron diffraction patterns have been measured for surface and bulk core-level-shifted W 4f{sub 7/2} photoemission from W(110) on ALS beamline 7.0, yielding a data set of unprecedented size and quality. These data have been compared to multiple scattering theory, and used as a test case, since the W(110) surface is known not to exhibit significant relaxation in its interlayer spacings relative to the bulk. The authors have analyzed these experimental and theoretical results holographically in order to demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of photoelectron holography as a structural probe.
- Published
- 1999
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131. A scanning transmission x-ray microscope for materials science spectromicroscopy at the advanced light source
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Hyun-Joon Shin, S. Cerasari, Shinjiro Hayakawa, Harald Ade, Adam P. Hitchcock, T. Warwick, Ed G. Rightor, M. Moronne, Brian P. Tonner, K. Franck, Jonathan D. Denlinger, Adrián Luis García García, W. F. Steele, Satish Chandra Babu Myneni, Tolek Tyliszczak, Eli Rotenberg, J. Kikuma, G. Meigs, S. Seal, and Jeffrey B. Kortright
- Subjects
Brightness ,Microscope ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Synchrotron radiation ,Particle accelerator ,Undulator ,law.invention ,Optics ,Beamline ,law ,Microscopy ,business ,Instrumentation ,X-ray microscope - Abstract
Design and performance of a scanning transmission x-ray microscope (STXM) at the Advanced Light Source is described. This instrument makes use of a high brightness undulator beamline and extends the STXM technique to new areas of research. After 2.5 years of development it is now an operational tool for research in polymer science, environmental chemistry, and magnetic materials.
- Published
- 1998
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132. Oxygen-induced exchange-coupling reversal at the Mn-Co interface
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B. P. Tonner and W. L. O'brien
- Subjects
Coupling (electronics) ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Chemical physics ,Interface (computing) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Oxygen - Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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133. Chemical state analysis of heat-treated polyacrylonitrile fiber using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy
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Tony Warwick, Brian P. Tonner, J Zhang, J. Kikuma, and Hyun-Joon Shin
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Radiation ,Materials science ,Nitrile ,Polyacrylonitrile ,Analytical chemistry ,Synchrotron radiation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,XANES ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Core (optical fiber) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical species ,Chemical state ,chemistry ,Fiber ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Chemical state analyses of heat-treated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers with a spatial resolution of 200 nm have been performed using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) at a third generation synchrotron radiation facility. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra and chemical state images have been obtained on the cross-sectioned fiber specimens. A clear `core–rim' structure has been observed in the heat-treated fibers. The spectral characteristics show that the fiber has less nitrile group in the core region, suggesting that, contrary to the model widely believed, the conversion of the nitrile to other chemical species proceeds faster in the core of the fibers.
- Published
- 1998
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134. A method for comparing degradation of boron trifluoride and helium detectors in neutron and gamma fields
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T. Qian, P. Tonner, W.J.L. Buyers, and N. Keller
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nuclear reactor ,Particle detector ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,chemistry ,law ,Measuring instrument ,Neutron detection ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutron ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Boron trifluoride ,Helium - Abstract
A method developed to measure the degradation of neutron detectors in neutron and gamma fields has been applied to five models of boron trifluoride (BF/sub 3/) detectors from major suppliers, and to a special helium (/sup 3/He) detector model. The detectors tested all have about the same nominal neutron sensitivity and overall dimensions. The showed widely different neutron and gamma durability for BF/sub 3/ models, an undesirable time-dependent gamma degradation followed by recovery for some BF/sub 3/, models, and very robust performance of the modified /sup 3/He detector.
- Published
- 1998
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135. High Resolution Photoemission Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation Study of the SiO2/β-SiC(100)3x2 Interface Composition
- Author
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E. Rothenberg, J. D. Denlinger, Patrick Soukiassian, D. Dunham, and Brian P. Tonner
- Subjects
Materials science ,Photoemission spectroscopy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Inverse photoemission spectroscopy ,Resolution (electron density) ,Analytical chemistry ,Synchrotron radiation ,Particle accelerator ,Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,law.invention ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,General Materials Science ,Time-resolved spectroscopy ,Spectroscopy - Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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136. The STRUCTURE OF THE c(2×2) Mn/Ni(001) SURFACE ALLOY BY PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION
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S. Banerjee, S. Ravy, X. Chen, J. Denlinger, Dilano K. Saldin, and Brian P. Tonner
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Diffraction ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Magnetic moment ,Magnetic structure ,Scattering ,Alloy ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,engineering.material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Crystallography ,Ferromagnetism ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Antiferromagnetism ,Phase diagram - Abstract
Surface alloys are two-dimensional metallic systems that can have structures that are unique to the surface, and have no counterpart in the bulk binary phase diagram. A very unusual structure was reported for the Mn–Ni system, based on a quantitative LEED structure determination, which showed that the Mn atoms were displaced out of the surface by a substantial amount. This displacement was attributed to a large magnetic moment on the Mn atoms. The structure of the Mn–Ni surface alloy was proposed to be based on a bulk termination model. Magnetic measurements on Mn–Ni, however, showed conclusively that the magnetic structure of these surface alloys is distinct from the bulk alloy analogs. For example, bulk MnNi is an antiferromagnet, whereas the surface alloy is ferromagnetic. This suggests that the proposed structure, based on bulk termination, is not complete. Photoelectron diffraction techniques were used to investigate this structure, using both a comparison to multiple scattering calculations and photoelectron holography.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. Comparative magnetic-field imaging, electric-field imaging, and scanning Auger microscopy study of metal–matrix composites
- Author
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Changyoung Kim, Qing Ma, D. Dunham, Piero Pianetta, Brian P. Tonner, J Grepstad, R.A Rosenberg, and Timothy C. Droubay
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Radiation ,Materials science ,Microscope ,Scanning electron microscope ,Resolution (electron density) ,Polishing ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Chemical state ,Sputtering ,law ,visual_art ,Microscopy ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Ceramic ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Composite material ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (XPEEM) provides valuable chemical information at the micron or submicron level and has been successfully applied to a wide range of materials. We have initiated a study of metal–matrix composites (MMCs) using this technique, aimed at understanding the interfacial interactions that occur between the metal matrix and the ceramic reinforcement. The experiments have been performed on Ti/SiC (fiber) MMCs and SiC fibers. We have found that the method of preparing the sample plays a critical role in understanding the results of the measurements. Samples prepared by polishing and sputtering were examined using an electric-field imaging photoelectron microscope (EFIPM), and fractured samples were studied with a magnetic-field imaging photoelectron microscope (MFIPM). While the EFIPM exhibited exellent elemental contrast and resolution, the data were flawed by artifacts introduced by both the polishing and the sputtering. Although the spatial resolution of the MFIPM was lower than the EFIPM, the ability to study fractured samples greatly facilitated interpretation of the data, which revealed the intrinsic chemical states of the sample. These results will be interpreted in terms of the impact of sample preparation on the application of XPEEM to MMCs and other complex systems.
- Published
- 1997
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- View/download PDF
138. A photoemission microscope with a hemispherical capacitor energy filter
- Author
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Brian P. Tonner, M Pauli, Timothy C. Droubay, and D. Dunham
- Subjects
Radiation ,Microscope ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Photoemission spectroscopy ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electron spectroscopy ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Optics ,Band-pass filter ,law ,Achromatic lens ,Electron optics ,Microscopy ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Electron microscope ,business ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
A purely electrostatic photoemission electron microscope with a bandpass energy filter is described. The electron optics are of a hybrid design, incorporating a high-voltage and high-magnification objective and intermediate lens, coupled to a low-voltage hemispherical capacitor configured as an achromatic imaging bandpass filter. The electron optical system design is described, along with initial performance tests. The instrument is used for both imaging X-ray absorption spectroscopy and photoemission spectroscopy.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
139. Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy development for materials science at the Advanced Light Source
- Author
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Brian P. Tonner, Harald Ade, Ed G. Rightor, Tony Warwick, Howard A. Padmore, and Adam P. Hitchcock
- Subjects
Brightness ,Radiation ,Photon ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Scale (chemistry) ,Synchrotron radiation ,Particle accelerator ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Field (geography) ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Spatial ecology ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business ,Image resolution ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Several third generation synchrotron radiation facilities are now operational, and the high brightness of these photon sources offers new opportunities for X-ray microscopy. Well developed synchrotron radiation spectroscopy techniques are being applied in new instruments capable of imaging the surface of a material with a spatial resolution smaller than 1 μm. There are two aspects to this. One is to further the field of surface science by exploring the effects of spatial variations across a surface on a scale not previously accessible to X-ray measurements. The other is to open up new analytical techniques in materials science using X-rays on a spatial scale comparable with that of the processes or devices to be studied. The development of the spectromicroscopy program at the Advanced Light Source will employ a variety of instruments, some of which are already operational. Their development and use will be discussed, and recent results will be presented to illustrate their capabilities.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. High-resolution X-ray absorption microspectroscopy of lamellar phases in natural ilmenite
- Author
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Timothy C. Droubay, G. Mursky, and Brian P. Tonner
- Subjects
Radiation ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,chemistry ,Optical microscope ,law ,Microscopy ,engineering ,Lamellar structure ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Absorption (chemistry) ,Spectroscopy ,Stoichiometry ,Ilmenite ,Titanium - Abstract
X-ray absorption microscopy is used to study the surface of a mineral, ilmenite. High-quality surface-sensitive micrographs are easily obtained without special sample preparation beyond that usually used in preparing samples for optical microscopy. The X-ray micrographs show an expected lamellar domain structure that has a very strong contrast change at the iron and titanium L-edges. High-resolution spectroscopy from these two different regions reveals fine structure from iron atoms in two different charge states, and titanium in a single phase. A theoretical analysis and curve-fitting procedure is used to determine the precise stoichiometry of the structures in the two phases detected. These results show that quantitative surface chemistry studies can be performed on natural mineral samples using X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy.
- Published
- 1997
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- View/download PDF
141. Book reviews
- Author
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Reich, Norbert and Tonner, Klaus
- Published
- 1985
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- View/download PDF
142. Book reviews
- Author
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Varga, Károly, Dardis, Rachel, Tonner, Klaus, Aldershoff, Danielle E., Reich, Norbert, and Brüggemeier, Gert
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. Verbraucherpolitik als gewerkschaftliche Aufgabe
- Author
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Tonner, Klaus
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. Photon energy dependence of valence band photoemission and resonant photoemission of polystyrene
- Author
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Brian P. Tonner and J. Kikuma
- Subjects
Radiation ,Valence (chemistry) ,Band gap ,Chemistry ,Inverse photoemission spectroscopy ,Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ,Molecular orbital theory ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Molecular orbital ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Atomic physics ,Valence electron ,Spectroscopy ,Quasi Fermi level - Abstract
The photon energy dependence of valence band photoemission from polystyrene thin films has been investigated using synchrotron radiation in the range 150–450 eV, covering the carbon K edge. Six valence peaks were found which show an energy dependence that can be qualitatively explained by the relative contributions of 2s and 2p atomic orbitals to the molecular orbital photoemission cross-section. The experimental results are generally in agreement with valence effective Hamiltonian (VEH) calculations in the literature. In the vicinity of the carbon 1s absorption edge, there is a strong enhancement of the valence band emission because of resonant photoemission, reported here in organic polymers for the first time. The relative contribution of spectator and participator decay channels varies among the valence orbitals, in a way that can be associated with the spatial distribution of the benzene-derived molecular orbitals involved in the resonance transition.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. Transitions in the direction of magnetism in Ni/Cu(001) ultrathin films and the effects of capping layers
- Author
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W. L. O’Brien, Timothy C. Droubay, and Brian P. Tonner
- Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Magnetization ,Range (particle radiation) ,Nickel ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,chemistry ,Magnetism ,Film plane ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Dislocation ,Coercivity ,Anisotropy - Abstract
Ultrathin films of nickel exhibit an unusual sequence of transitions from in-plane to perpendicular magnetization as a function of film thickness. A sharp transition from in-plane to perpendicular magnetization is found near 7 ML thickness, followed by a gradual transition back to in-plane magnetization beginning at 37 ML. This sequence of transitions cannot be explained by the surface or shape anisotropies, both of which favor in-plane magnetization in the thickness range where perpendicular anisotropy is found. We have measured the thickness dependence of these transitions for nickel film wedges, and films capped by nonmagnetic and magnetic overlayers, to experimentally determine the surface, interface, and magnetoelastic anisotropies. We find that both the surface and interface anisotropy constants are negative (favoring in-plane magnetization), with the magnitude of the surface term being larger than that of the interface. A correlation is found between the critical thickness for misfit dislocation formation in the nickel film and a sharp transition in the coercive field. This transition is used to accurately determine the onset of a thickness dependence in the bulk magnetoelastic energy, which causes the magnetization to rotate back into the film plane. This model gives a complete description of the mechanism for the easy-axis changes at both the 7 and 37 ML thicknesses. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Enhanced Bonding of Pentagon–Heptagon Defects in Graphene to Metal Surfaces: Insights from the Adsorption of Azulene and Naphthalene to Pt(111)
- Author
-
Klein, Benedikt P., Harman, S. Elizabeth, Ruppenthal, Lukas, Ruehl, Griffin M., Hall, Samuel J., Carey, Spencer J., Herritsch, Jan, Schmid, Martin, Maurer, Reinhard J., Tonner, Ralf, Campbell, Charles T., and Gottfried, J. Michael
- Abstract
The performance of graphene-based (opto)electronic devices depends critically on the graphene/metal interface formed at the metal contacts. We show here that the interface properties may be controlled by topological defects, such as the pentagon–heptagon (5–7) pairs, because of their strongly enhanced bonding to the metal. To measure the bond energy and other key properties not accessible for the embedded defects, we use azulene as a molecular model for the 5–7 defect. Comparison to its isomer naphthalene, which represents the regular graphene structure, reveals that azulene interacts more strongly with a Pt(111) surface. Its adsorption energy, as measured by single-crystal adsorption calorimetry (SCAC), exceeds that of naphthalene by up to 116 kJ/mol (or up to 50%). Both isomers undergo hybridization of their frontier orbitals with metal states, as indicated by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy combined with molecular orbital (MO) projection analysis through dispersion-corrected, periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Based on the NEXAFS/DFT analysis, the stronger bond of the 5–7 system is attributed to the different energetic response of its unoccupied frontier orbitals to adsorption. Adsorption-induced bond-length changes show substantial topology-related differences between the isomers. Electron transfer occurs in both directions through donation/back-donation, resulting in the partial occupation (deoccupation) of formerly unoccupied (occupied) orbitals, as revealed by periodic energy decomposition analysis (pEDA) for extended systems. Our model study shows that the topology of the π-electron system strongly affects its bonding to a transition metal and thus can be utilized to tailor interface properties.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. An electron imaging approach to soft‐x‐ray transmission spectromicroscopy
- Author
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Gelsomina De Stasio, Brian P. Tonner, Giorgio Margaritondo, G. F. Lorusso, Timothy C. Droubay, M. Kohli, P. Perfetti, P. Muralt, and Thomas F. Kelly
- Subjects
Materials science ,Microscope ,Silicon ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Synchrotron radiation ,Substrate (electronics) ,Photon energy ,Photocathode ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Optics ,chemistry ,Silicon nitride ,law ,Microscopy ,business ,Instrumentation - Abstract
We tested a new soft‐x‐ray transmission spectromiscropy technique on the Aladdin storage ring at the Wisconsin Synchrotron Radiation Center. Transmitted x rays were converted with a photocathode into photoelectrons, which were subsequently electron‐optically processed by an x‐ray secondary electron‐emission microscope producing submicron‐resolution images. Test images demonstrated the excellent contrast due to the chemical differences between silicon features and a silicon nitride substrate. We also obtained x‐ray transmission versus photon energy curves for microscopic specimen areas.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Synchrotron spectromicroscopy of cobalt accumulation in granule cells, glial cells and GABAergic neurons
- Author
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Delio Mercanti, Brian P. Tonner, Timothy C. Droubay, M. Teresa Ciotti, G Margaritonda, P. Perfetti, and Gelsomina De Stasio
- Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,Central nervous system ,Cell ,Granule (cell biology) ,Equal probability ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Synchrotron ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,law ,medicine ,Biophysics ,GABAergic ,Cobalt - Abstract
Recent neurobiophysics experiments based on synchrotron spectromicroscopy indicated that aluminium is selectively accumulated by GABAergic neurons and glial cells rather than by granule cells. Does a similar cell specificity occur in the accumulation of other metals? We provide experimental evidence to the contrary: cobalt is found in granule cells at least with equal probability as in glial cells and GABAergic neurons. This result also confirms that neurobiophysics studies based on surface physics techniques have reached a stage of maturity.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. [{(PhSn)3SnS6}{(MCp)3S4}] (M = W, Mo): Minimal Molecular Models of the Covalent Attachment of Metal Chalcogenide Clusters on Doped Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Layers
- Author
-
Dornsiepen, Eike, Pieck, Fabian, Tonner, Ralf, and Dehnen, Stefanie
- Abstract
With the aim to mimic the yet unknown covalent deposition of metal chalcogenide clusters on transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) MoS2or WS2layers, and thereby explore the interaction between the two systems and potential consequences on physical properties of the TMDC material, we synthesized heterobimetallic model systems. The heterocubane-type cluster [(SnCl3)(WCp)3S4] (1), the organotin-sulfidomolybdate cluster [{(PhSn)3SnS6}{(MoCp)3S4}] (2), and the corresponding tungstate [(PhSn)3SnS6{(WCp)3S4}] (3) were obtained in ligand exchange reactions from [(PhSn)4S6] and [M(CO)3CpCl]. Indeed, the {M3S4} cages in 1–3resemble a section of the respective TMDC monolayers, altogether representing minimal molecular model systems for the adsorption of organotin sulfide clusters on MoS2or WS2. The interaction between the {(MCp)3S4} and {(PhSn)3SnS6} subunits is characterized by multicenter bonding, rendering the respective Sn atom as Sn(II), hence driving the clusters into a mixed-valence Sn(IV)/Sn(II) situation, and the M atoms as M(IV) upon an in situ redox process. The attachment is thus weaker than via regular covalent M–S bonds, but definitely stronger than via van der Waals interactions that have been characteristic for all known interactions of clusters on TMDC surfaces so far. Computational analyses of an extended model mimicking the electronic situation in the cluster prove the analogy to a covalent attachment on TMDCs.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of F17464, a preferential D3antagonist, in the treatment of acute exacerbation of schizophrenia
- Author
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Bitter, Istvan, Lieberman, Jeffrey A., Gaudoux, Florence, Sokoloff, Pierre, Groc, Mélanie, Chavda, Rajeev, Delsol, Cécile, Barthe, Laurence, Brunner, Valérie, Fabre, Carine, Fagard, Marine, Montagne, Agnès, and Tonner, Françoise
- Abstract
F17464, a highly potent preferential D3 antagonist, is a novel compound in development for schizophrenia treatment. This phase II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in five European countries evaluated the efficacy and safety of F17464, 20 mg twice daily, versus placebo over 6 weeks in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Change from baseline to Day 43 of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score was the primary outcome. The data from 134 randomized patients (67 per group) were analyzed (efficacy/safety). Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) after last observation carried forward (LOCF) imputation (primary analysis), the PANSS total score reduction was statistically significantly greater for F17464 than placebo treated subjects at endpoint (p= 0.014); using ANCOVA with Multiple Imputation (MI) method, the between-group difference was in favor of F17464 but did not reach statistical significance. Differences in PANSS positive and general psychopathology subscale score, Marder positive factor score, PANSS response, and PANSS resolution criteria were also statistically significant in favor of F17464 (pvalues < 0.05) using the LOCF method, with similar results as for the primary analysis using the MI method. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were reported in 49.3% and 46.3% of patients on F17464 and placebo, respectively. The most common AEs in F17464 group: insomnia, agitation, and increased triglycerides; worsening of schizophrenia/drug ineffective was less frequent in F17464. Interestingly, no weight gain, no extrapyramidal disorder except rare akathisia were observed under F17464. This 6-week trial demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of 40 mg/day F17464 in improving symptoms of acute exacerbation of schizophrenia with a favorable safety profile.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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