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The global ammonia yield is critical to the fertilizer industry as the global food demand is highly dependent on it, whereas, NH

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic imatinib (made in China) in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia chronic phase(CML-CP).Fifty-seven newly diagnosed CML-CP patients who did not receive any other anti-CML treatment were treated by domestic imatinib 400 mg once a day. The hematological, cytogenetic and molecular reactions and safety were observed and evaluated after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment.Fifty-six patients were treated for ≥3 and 6 months, among which 50 patients were treated for ≥12 months. After 3 months of treatment, 49 patients underwent hematological examination, 47 patients (95.9%) achieved complete hematological response (CHR), 49 patients underwent cytogenetic examination, 39 patients (79.6%) achieved major cytogenetic response (MCyR), and 12 patients (24.5%) achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). 49 patients underwent the level of BCR-ABL test, including 41 patients (83.7%) with BCR-ABLIn the real world, Domestics imatinib mesylate is effective and safe in the treatment of newly diagnosed CML-CP patients, but long-term follow-up data are still necessary to verify its long-term efficacy.真实世界中国产伊马替尼治疗初诊慢性粒细胞白血病的疗效观察.评价国产伊马替尼对初诊慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）慢性期（CP）患者的临床疗效及安全性.57例初诊且未接受其他任何抗CML治疗的CML-CP患者，给予口服国产伊马替尼治疗，400 mg/d，每日1次，观察评估治疗3、6、12个月的血液学、细胞遗传学和分子学反应及安全性.治疗≥3个月和6个月均有56例患者，其中50例患者治疗≥12个月。治疗满3个月时，49例患者进行了血液学检测，47例(95.9％)获得完全血液学反应（CHR）；49例患者进行了细胞遗传学检查，39例(79.6％)获得主要细胞遗传学反应（MCyR）,12例(24.5％)获得完全细胞遗传学反应（CCyR）；49例患者进行了BCR-ABL水平检测，其中BCR-ABL在真实世界中，国产甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗初诊CML-CP患者的近期疗效肯定，安全性可靠，但仍需大宗数据进行长期追踪随访来验证其远期疗效.

In the proposed work, an improved genetic algorithm(IGA) has been devised to solve the model of location problem of unmanned border and coastal air defense anti-aircraft gun. The crossover and mutation probabilities can be adjusted adaptively, by introducing fuzzy operators into the crossover and mutation links, according to the standard deviation of population fitness, so as to achieve the goal of fast convergence and the improvement of robustness of the algorithm. The experimental results show that IGA proposed in this work provides promising results in solving the location problem of unmanned border and coastal air defense anti-aircraft gun.

We evaluate the sensitivity of the size calibrations of two commercially-available, high-resolution optical particle sizers to changes in aerosol composition and complex refractive index (RI). The Droplet Measurement Technologies Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Size Spectrometer (UHSAS) and the TSI, Inc. Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (LAS) are two commonly used instruments for measuring the portion of the aerosol size distribution with diameters larger than nominally 60–90 nm. Both instruments illuminate particles with a laser and relate the single-particle light scattering intensity and count rate measured over a wide range of angles to the size-dependent particle concentration. While the optical block geometry and flow system are similar for each instrument, a significant difference between the two models is the laser wavelength (1054 nm for the UHSAS and 633 nm for the LAS) and intensity (about 100x higher for the UHSAS), which may affect the way each instrument sizes non-spherical or absorbing aerosols. Here, we challenge the UHSAS and LAS with laboratory-generated, mobility-size-classified aerosols of known chemical composition to quantify changes in the optical size response relative to that of ammonium sulphate (RI of 1.52 + 0i at 532 nm) and NIST-traceable polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs with RI of 1.59 + 0i at 589 nm). Aerosol inorganic salt species are chosen to cover the real refractive index range of 1.32 to 1.78, while chosen light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols include fullerene soot, nigrosine dye, humic acid, and fulvic acid standards. The instrument response is generally in good agreement with the electrical mobility diameter. However, large undersizing deviations are observed for the low-refractive-index fluoride salts and the strongly absorbing nigrosine dye and fullerene soot particles. Polydisperse size distributions for both fresh and aged wildfire smoke aerosols from the recent Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment – Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) and the Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2EX) airborne campaigns show good agreement between both optical sizers and contemporaneous electrical mobility sizing and particle time-of-flight mass spectrometric measurements. We assess the instrument uncertainties by interpolating the laboratory response curves using previously-reported RIs and size distributions for multiple aerosol type classifications. These results suggest that, while the optical sizers may underperform for strongly absorbing laboratory compounds and fresh tailpipe emissions measurements, sampling aerosols within the atmospherically-relevant range of refractive indices are likely to be sized to better than ±10–20 % uncertainty over the submicron aerosol size range when using instruments calibrated with ammonium sulphate.

Football is a product in the process of human socialization; it can strengthen the body and enhance the ability of teamwork. The introduction of artificial intelligence into football training is an inevitable trend; this trend must be bound to intensify, but how to apply artificial intelligence to solve the problem of the joint movement estimation method for football players in sports training is still the main difficulty now. The basic principle of football training action pattern recognition is to determine the type of football player’s action by processing and analyzing the movement information obtained by the sensor. Due to the complex movements towards football players and the changeable external environment, there are still many problems with action recognition. Focusing on the detailed classification of different sports modes, this article conducts research on the recognition of the joint movement estimation method for football players in sports training. This paper uses the recognition algorithm based on the multilayer decision tree recognizer to identify the joint movement; the experiment shows that the method used in this paper accurately identified joint movement for football players in sports training.

We have found and analysed 16 multi-peaked type-I bursts from the neutron-star low mass X-ray binary 4U 1636$-$53 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). One of the bursts is a rare quadruple-peaked burst which was not previously reported. All 16 bursts show a multi-peaked structure not only in the X-ray light curves but also in the bolometric light curves. Most of the multi-peaked bursts appear in observations during the transition from the hard to the soft state in the colour-colour diagram. We find an anti-correlation between the second peak flux and the separation time between two peaks. We also find that in the double-peaked bursts the peak-flux ratio and the temperature of the thermal component in the pre-burst spectra are correlated. This indicates that the double-peaked structure in the light curve of the bursts may be affected by enhanced accretion rate in the disc, or increased temperature of the neutron star., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS

Despite of its high morbidity and mortality, there is still a lack of effective treatment for ischemic stroke in part due to our incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that SHH-PTCH1-GLI1-mediated axonal guidance signaling and its related neurogenesis, a central pathway for neuronal development, also plays a critical role in early stage of an acute stroke model. Specifically, in vivo, we evaluated the effect of GXNI on ischemic stroke mice via using the middle cerebral artery embolization model, and found that GXNI significantly alleviated cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing the volume of cerebral infarction, neurological deficit score and cerebral edema, reversing the BBB permeability and histopathological changes. A combined approach of RNA-seq and network pharmacology analysis was used to reveal the underlying mechanisms of GXNI followed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting validation. It was pointed out that axon guidance signaling pathway played the most prominent role in GXNI action with Shh, Ptch1, and Gli1 genes as the critical contributors in brain protection. In addition, GXNI markedly prevented primary cortical neuron cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation damage in vitro, and promoted axon growth and synaptogenesis of damaged neurons, which further confirmed the results of in vivo experiments. Moreover, due to the inhibition of the SHH-PTCH1-GLI1 signaling pathway by cyclopropylamine, the effect of GXNI was significantly weakened. Hence, our study provides a novel option for the clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke by GXNI via SHH-PTCH1-GLI1-mediated axonal guidance signaling, a neuronal development pathway previously considered for after-stroke recovery.

We used two XMM-Newton and six Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) observations to investigate the fractional rms amplitude of the millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations (mHz QPOs) in the neutron-star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53. We studied, for the first time, the fractional rms amplitude of the mHz QPOs vs. energy in 4U 1636-53 down to 0.2 keV. We find that, as the energy increases from 0.2 keV to 3 keV, the rms amplitude of the mHz QPOs increases, different from the decreasing trend that has been previously observed above 3 keV. This finding has not yet been predicted by any current theoretical model, however, it provides an important observational feature to speculate whether a newly discovered mHz oscillation originates from the marginally stable nuclear burning process on the neutron star surface., Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas

Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) is rare in children; therefore, reaching a consensus on its management is challenging and radiotherapy is limited by concerns about long-term toxicity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of surgery plus postoperativeSixteen patients ≤ 18 years old with AciCC of the PG treated with surgery plusDuring follow-up (1.8-12.6 years; mean, 6.3 years), lymph node metastasis was observed in one case, 2.6 years afterChildren and adolescents with AciCC of the PG with high-risk features can be managed using surgery plus postoperative

Controlling the surface composition of shaped bimetallic nanoparticles could offer precise tunability of geometric and electronic surface structure for new nanocatalysts. To achieve this goal, a platform for studying the intermixing process in a shaped nanoparticle was designed, using multilayered Pd-Ni-Pt core-shell nanocubes as precursors. Under mild conditions, the intermixing between Ni and Pt could be tuned by changing layer thickness and number, triggering intermixing while preserving nanoparticle shape. Intermixing of the two metals is monitored using transmission electron microscopy. The surface structure evolution is characterized using electrochemical methanol oxidation. DFT calculations suggest that the low-temperature mixing is enhanced by shorter diffusion lengths and strain introduced by the layered structure. The platform and insights presented are an advance toward the realization of shape-controlled multimetallic nanoparticles tailored to each potential application.

This paper focuses on the multi-objective filtering of multirate time-varying systems with random sensor saturations, where both the variance-constrained index and the H1 index are employed to evaluate the filtering performance. According to address issues, the high-frequency period of the internal state of the system is nondestructively converted to the low-frequency period, which determined by the measurement devices. Then the saturated output of multiple sensors is modeled as a sector bounded nonlinearity. At the same time, in order to reduce the communication frequency between sensors and filters, a communication scheduling rule is designed by the utilization of an event-triggered mechanism. By means of random analysis technology, the suficient conditions are given to guarantee the preset H1 performance and variance constraint performance indexes of the system, and then the solution of the desired filter is obtained by using linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed filter scheme are verified by numerical simulation. CA extern

The building of a large-scale external-target experiment, abbreviated as CEE, in the cooling storage ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou has been planned. The CEE is a multi-purpose spectrometer that will be used for various studies on heavy-ion collisions. A multi-wire drift chamber (MWDC) array is the forward tracking detector of the CEE. In this work, GEANT4 simulations were performed for the MWDC forward tracking array with a focus on the track reconstruction algorithm. Combined with the time of flight information, particle identification is achieved. The residue is about $$30\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$, while the tracking efficiency is higher than 90% with the current redundancy. In addition, a prototype of the forward tracking system using three MWDCs was assembled and tested using a high-energy proton beam. The firing efficiency of the detector and the reconstruction accuracy of the prototype were derived. The track residue for the protons at about 400 MeV/c is better than $$300\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$, meeting the requirements of the CEE. Suggestions for improving the performance of the forward tracking system are given.

The equations for the effective medium refractive index and for the confinement factor in the waveguide design for quantum cascade lasers are derived. Compared to equations used in prior literature, by applying rigorous perturbation theory and including the effect of the anisotropic optical gain and non-Hermitian properties of the waveguide structure and materials, a few percent correction should be made to the confinement factor and the effective gain. This result can easily be generalized to any optical devices with a layered structure.

Pebbles made of lithium-containing ceramics with a few millimeters in diameter have been regarded as the main candidates for the tritium breeding materials. In this work, X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) technique has been employed to observe the microstructure of tritium breeding pebbles. The 3D pore network of the pebbles was presented and compared with normal 2D images. Based on the CT results, simulations of the heat transfer in one single pebble have been performed employing lattice Boltzmann method and showed that the gas atmospheres and microstructure have apparent influences on the thermal conductivities of pebbles.

In this paper, a novel radio frequency interference suppression method is proposed for unshielded environment radar cross section measurement, which extracts the scattering featured points from the clean data and repress the interference’s affect by reconstructing the contaminated data. Both simulation and experiment are carried out for verification.

In this brief review we summarize the current fndings relative to the discovery of a small peptide ligand, phoenixin (PNX). Using a bioinformatic approach, two novel peptides PNX-14 and PNX-20 containing 14 and 20 amino acids, respectively, were isolated from diverse tissues including the brain, heart, lung and stomach. Mass spectrometry analysis identified a major and minor peak corresponding to PNX-14 and PNX-20, in rat or mouse spinal cord extracts. With the use of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum, phoenixin immunoreactivity (irPNX) was detected in discrete areas of the rodent brain including several hypothalamic subnuclei and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. In addition, irPNX was detected in a population of sensory ganglion cells including dorsal root ganglion, nodose ganglion and trigeminal ganglion, and in cell processes densely distributed to the superficial layers of the dorsal horn, nucleus of the solitary tract and spinal trigeminal tract. irPNX cell processes were also detected in the skin and myenteric plexus, suggesting a brain-gut and/or brain-skin connection. Pharmacological studies show that PNX-14 injected subcutaneously to the nape of the neck of mice provoked dose-dependent repetitive scratching bouts directed to the back of the neck with the hindpaws. Our result suggests that the peptide PNX-14 and/or PNX-20, may serve as one of the endogenous signal molecules transducing itch sensation. Additionally, results from other laboratories show that exogenous PNX may affect a number of diverse behaviors such as memory formation, depression, reproduction, food-intake and anxiolytic-like behaviors.

Road dust resuspension is a major source of particulate matter in many urban centers, especially those in which traction materials are applied to roadways in winter. Although many studies have investigated the composition and toxicity of road dust, nothing is currently known regarding its photochemical reactivity. Here, we show for the first time that road dust is photochemically active: in particular, we use a molecular probe technique to show that the illumination of aqueous road dust suspensions leads to the production of singlet oxygen (1O2), an important environmental oxidant. In experiments conducted using size-fractionated road dust, we found that the surface area-normalized steady-state 1O2 concentration ([1O2]ss) increased with decreasing particle size. We also observed correlations between [1O2]ss and the dissolved organic carbon content and ultraviolet absorbance properties of dust extracts, which suggests the involvement of chromophoric water-soluble organic carbon in the observed photochemist...

In this paper, a type of multi-agent system is adopted in the practical project with time delay, uncertainties, and linear feedback. In addition, sliding mode control is used to ensure the robust stability of the system since it is insensitive to parameter change and interference. For the system in three different conditions, namely fixed structure, every agent being only influenced by single time delay and each agent being affected by multiple time delay, the corresponding sliding surface and the control law are improved. The reaction factors are proven by Lyapunov functions and the linear matrix inequality approach is taken to guarantee the robust stability of the sliding surface. To prove the effectiveness of the conclusion, experiments on each condition are conducted. Besides, in the last part, a simple application is applied and proved to be effective.

Inflammation is the initial phase in the healing of cutaneous wounds; however, persistent inflammation will hamper the healing process by generating excess inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, preventing persistent inflammation and clearing redundant ROS are important strategies in accelerating wound healing. Owing to their unique redox activity, cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles have shown promising potential as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of various diseases resulting from oxidative stress. In the present study, we prepared chitosan-coated CeO2 nanocubes (CCNs) and evaluated their cutaneous wound healing potential when topically applied to open excision wounds on adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. CCN application significantly increased the wound healing rates and showed superior wound healing capabilities compared to a clinically applied wound healing agent, recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF). We attribute this superior wound healing ability to their anti-inflammatory ability by decreasing the expression of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), as well as to their antioxidative ability by increasing antioxidant enzyme levels. These results suggest that CCNs hold therapeutic potential in treating refractory wounds characterized by persistent inflammation caused by oxidative-stress related diseases such as diabetes.

Ambient air samples were collected simultaneously at three sites in winter and summer to investigate the characteristic variations of PAHs in northern Taiwan. In winter, the highest concentration was observed at urban site (225 ± 25.0 ng m–3), followed by industrial and rural sites (173 ± 28.7 and 148 ± 12.9 ng m–3, respectively). However, in summer, the highest PAHs concentration was measured at rural site (230 ± 8.0 ng m–3), followed by urban and industrial sites (205 ± 29.2 and 200 ± 44.1 ng m–3, respectively). Based on the air mass back trajectory, the air mass passing through more PAH sources before reaching the sampling site is the reason for higher PAH level being measured at rural site in summer. The highest BaP-TEQ concentration measured at rural site in summer suggests that human exposure to PAHs in summer should receive more attention. Based on the diagnostic ratios, samples collected at industrial site in two seasons are closely related to combustions of solid fuel and petroleum. At rural and urban sites, PAHs measured in winter are influenced by mixed sources of solid fuel/petroleum combustions and petroleum evaporation, while the sources of PAHs are more related to petroleum evaporation in summer. The gas/particle partitioning coefficients (Kp) correlated well with the sub-cooled liquid vapor pressures (PoL) of PAHs with the slopes higher than –1 (the r2 ranging from 0.835 to 0.909). The slope values indicate that both adsorption and absorption might govern gas/particle partitioning of PAHs. Comparison between different models reveals that adsorption of soot carbon is the major mechanism governing gas/particle partitioning.

A novel dual proof mass accelerometer is proposed by introducing mode localization in two electrostatically coupled resonators. The levering mechanism is utilized to amplify the inertial force applied axially to the two weakly coupled resonators. The dynamic model considering the electrostatic and mechanical nonlinearities is established and solved by the method of multiple scales, and also is validated by the harmonic balance method (HBM) coupled with the asymptotic numerical method (ANM). The linear and nonlinear sensitivities depicted as the difference of relative shift of amplitude ratio are investigated as well as the main influencing factors. It has been found that linear sensitivity is up to 4 orders of magnitude higher than that expressed by the difference of relative frequency shift. Also, the nonlinear sensitivity is further increased by 1.47 times comparing to the linear sensitivity. Moreover, the resolution is also greatly improved when the sensor is driven beyond its critical amplitude. Finally, the effect of the electrostatic coupling on the sensing performances is explored, and the optimal coupling voltage is theoretically identified at the limit of mode aliasing.

This paper deals with the resilient variance-constrained H∞ finite-horizon filtering problem for a class of discrete time-varying nonlinear networked system with quantization effects. The nonlinearity enters the system in a probabilistic way that is characterized by a binary sequence with known distribution. The system parameters under investigation are all time-varying and the randomly occurring filter gain variations are modeled by utilizing a random variable obeying prespecified binary distribution which is uncorrelated with other stochastic variables. The nonlinearities and exogenous disturbances we adopt are non-zero mean, which makes the variance analysis become more difficult. Furthermore, the quantization effects are also taken into account to describe the unavoidable constraints imposed on the signal during the transmission in networked systems. Sufficient conditions are established for the finite-horizon filter guaranteeing the constraints imposed on both estimation error variance and H∞ specification. By means of the recursive linear matrix inequality approach, the algorithm for computing the desired filtering gains is provided. Finally, a numerical illustrative example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design method.

We report an electrode architecture made of submicron-sized nanocrystalline aggregates obtained in situ from ball-milled BiSb crystals during the potassiation/depotassiation process for use as a potassium ion battery electrode with high electrochemical performance and great stability. Nanocrystalline aggregates are individual particles composed of nanocrystals clustered together. The interconnected nanoparticle network as a potassium ion battery (PIB) electrode shows various advantageous characteristics, including adaption to related structures variation, stable SEI layer formation between the interface of electrode and electrolyte, and high efficiency in conductivity and ion migration/diffusion. As the anode of a PIB, the BiSb nanocrystalline aggregate achieves a high capacity of 514.1 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.25 A g−1, a high-rate capability of up to 10 A g−1, and an ultra-stable life cycle for 6000 cycles. A series of analyses including consecutive in situ X-ray diffraction measurements, in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and ex situ electron microscopy, are conducted to demonstrate the relevant reaction mechanism of the nanocrystalline aggregates during the evolution of composition as well as their structure during the cycling process.

The high-order mode localization in electrostatically coupled microbeams with distributed electrodes has been theoretically investigated and then introduced in high sensitivity mass sensor. A reduced-order model of such sensor considering geometric and electrostatic nonlinearity is established to analyze the complex influences of coupling strength, coupling mode and actuation forces on the coupling dynamics. The sensitivity can be increased by nearly two times comparing with the traditional sensor with full electrodes operating in third-order mode. Furthermore, the sensitivity is increased by an order of magnitude compared to that of the first-order mode. Moreover, the sensitivity can be enhanced by four orders of magnitude compared to the output metric of frequency shift per unit mass, which significantly validated the effectiveness of using high order mode localization to improve sensor performance. Finally, the effects of the driving and coupling voltages on sensitivity are investigated to avoid mode aliasing.

A long-time quantum memory capable of storing and measuring quantum information at the single-qubit level is an essential ingredient for practical quantum computation and com-munication. Recently, there have been remarkable progresses of increasing coherence time for ensemble-based quantum memories of trapped ions, nuclear spins of ionized donors or nuclear spins in a solid. Until now, however, the record of coherence time of a single qubit is on the order of a few tens of seconds demonstrated in trapped ion systems. The qubit coherence time in a trapped ion is mainly limited by the increasing magnetic field fluctuation and the decreasing state-detection efficiency associated with the motional heating of the ion without laser cooling. Here we report the coherence time of a single qubit over $10$ minutes in the hyperfine states of a \Yb ion sympathetically cooled by a \Ba ion in the same Paul trap, which eliminates the heating of the qubit ion even at room temperature. To reach such coherence time, we apply a few thousands of dynamical decoupling pulses to suppress the field fluctuation noise. A long-time quantum memory demonstrated in this experiment makes an important step for construction of the memory zone in scalable quantum computer architectures or for ion-trap-based quantum networks. With further improvement of the coherence time by techniques such as magnetic field shielding and increase of the number of qubits in the quantum memory, our demonstration also makes a basis for other applications including quantum money.

Platinum was coated on the surfaces of copper nanocubes to form Cu–CuPt core–alloy–frame nanocrystals with a rhombic dodecahedral (RD) shape. Co-reduction of Pt2+ ions and residual Cu+ ions in the supernatant of the Cu nanocube solution followed by the interdiffusion of Cu and Pt atoms over the core–shell interface allowed their formation. Growth in the ⟨100⟩ directions of the {100}-terminated Cu nanocubes resulted in the {110}-faceted rhombic dodecahedra. By the introduction of additional Pt precursor, the {100} vertices of the Cu–CuPt RD nanocrystals could be selectively extended to form spiny CuPt RD nanocrystals. After removing the Cu core template, both CuPt alloy RD and spiny CuPt alloy RD nanoframes (NFs) were obtained with Pt/Cu ratios of 26/74 and 41/59, respectively. Abundant surface defects render them highly active catalysts due to the open frame structure of both sets of NFs. The spiny RD NFs showed superior specific activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction, 1.3 and 3 times to those of t...

Filtering or state estimation plays an important role in the cyber-physical systems (CPSs). This paper aims to solve the data-driven non-fragile filtering problem for the cyber-physical system. Randomly occurring gain variations are considered so as to account for the parameter fluctuations occurring during the filter implementation. The data-driven communication mechanism is utilized to reduce the measurement transmission frequency and save energy for the CPSs. Therefore, a unified ${H_{\infty }}$ filtering framework that combines the data-driven communication mechanism and the non-fragility of filters is constructed. Based on this unified framework, the influence of the simultaneous presence of networked-induced packet dropouts, quantization, randomly occurring nonlinearities and randomly occurring parameter uncertainties in the CPS is investigated. A modified dropouts model is proposed under the data-driven communication mechanism. By utilizing stochastic analysis and Lyapunov functional theory, sufficient conditions guaranteeing the filtering performance are derived. The $H_{\infty }$ filter is obtained through the proposed algorithm. Last, a simulation is given to demonstrate the filtering method for CPS in this paper.

Comparing to linear vibration absorbers, nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) have attracted worldwide attention for their intrinsic characteristics of targeted energy transfer or energy pumping in a relatively wide frequency range. Unfortunately, they are highly dependent on the vibration amplitude to be attenuated and will play its role only if the external load exceeds a specific threshold value. Different from the passive bistable NES, a novel piezoelectric nonlinear energy sink (PNES) is designed by introducing in-phase actuation to compensate or enhance the external vibration loads, thus triggering the NES operating in high attenuation efficiency. The nonlinear mathematic model of the PNES is established for investigating the dynamic response and determining the threshold compensation strategy. And the results show that the maximum attenuation efficiency can be improved by 58.16% compared to the traditional passive NES. Also, the amplitude-dependent coefficient (ADC) can be significantly reduced to 0.33 from 1.0, which means that the PNES can effectively mitigate vibrations even when the excitation amplitude is 67% smaller than the original threshold value. Finally, the feasibility of the in-phase compensation method is experimentally validated, which can further expand the application range of NES.

We investigate the frequency and amplitude of the millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations (mHz QPOs) in the neutron-star low-mass X-ray binary (NS LMXB) 4U 1636-53 using Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations. We find that no mHz QPOs appear when the source is in the hard spectral state. We also find that there is no significant correlation between the frequency and the fractional rms amplitude of the mHz QPOs. Notwithstanding, for the first time, we find that the absolute RMS amplitude of the mHz QPOs is insensitive to the parameter Sa, which measures the position of the source in the colour-colour diagram and is usually assumed to be an increasing function of mass accretion rate. This finding indicates that the transition from marginally stable burning to stable burning or unstable burning could happen very rapidly since, before the transition, the mHz QPOs do not gradually decay as the rate further changes., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 9 pages, 8 figures

The growth of animal skeletal muscle is mainly determined by the synthesis processes of total proteins in skeletal muscle cells, which has a significant impact on the postnatal growth of young animals. An increasing number of studies are focusing on the functions of Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) during the process of cell protein synthesis and growth. However, it is still unclear the effect of whether and how TSC2 on goat myoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Here, we found that TSC2 gene has opposite expression patterns in proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. An expression vector containing goat TSC2 cDNA sequences linked with pcDNA3.1 plasmid was constructed. Myoblasts proliferation activity was significantly inhibited and cell cycle transition slowed down after the transfection of pcDNA3.1-TSC2 plasmid into goat primary myoblasts by EdU staining, CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Mechanically, we further confirmed that the overexpression TSC2 was able to down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K) and some cell cycle related genes. In addition, the expression of myogenic genes and myotube formation were attenuated. Collectively, all our results of the experiment demonstrate that TSC2 could regulate myoblasts cells proliferation and differentiation via the activation of the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.

To achieve high attenuation to environment vibration and noise, a new kind of nonlinear energy sink (NES) is proposed by incorporating a bistable cosine-shaped beam connected to a cantilever. The dynamic model of the NES is established by depicting the nonlinear stiffness of the bistable beam to be a cubic function. The vibration attenuation efficiency of the newly proposed NES is analyzed by solving the nonlinear dynamic equations with Runge-Kutta method. A NES prototype is fabricated and the experimental results adequately validated the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear energy sink. It is shown that the nonlinear energy sink can reduce the main system response by 30% compared with the situation before the bifurcation.

In this paper, for the purpose of improving the energy efficiency of the industrial sensor networks, we investigated the event-based H ∞ filtering problem for a class of discrete-time nonlinear sensor network systems with time-varying delay, packet dropout, and multiplicative noises. Instead of traditional time-triggered communication mechanism, the event-triggered strategy is adopted in industrial sensor network, which could not only reduce the transmission frequency of the sensor measurement output, but also guarantee the prescribed filtering performance, if only the threshold in the event-triggered function is chosen suitably. The time-varying delay characteristic of systems is considered with the event-triggered strategy, which has seldom been studied due to the complexity of time-varying delay and event-triggered strategy. The most common network-induced phenomenon of packet dropout in industrial sensor network is described. The purpose is to design a filter satisfying exponentially stable and H ∞ indexes. The main result is that sufficient conditions are established, guaranteeing our proposed filter satisfying filtering performance constraints, and the parameters of filter could be got through the derived linear matrix inequality (LMI), if only it is feasible. At last, the filtering approach is demonstrated by a simulation.

We analysed an XMM-Newton plus a simultaneous Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observation and a separate Suzaku observation of the neutron-star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1728-34. We fitted the X-ray spectra with the self-consistent reflection model relxill. We found that the inclination angle of 4U 1728-34 is 49 degrees, consistent with the upper limit of 60 degrees deduced from the absence of eclipses or dips in this source. The inclination angle in the fit of the XMM-Newton/RXTE observation is larger than 85 degrees, which may be due to the possible calibration issues of the PN instrument in timing mode. We also found that the thermal emission from the accretion disc is not significant. This could be explained either by the relatively high column density of the interstellar medium along the line of sight to the source, which decreases the number of soft disc photons, or if most of the soft thermal photons from the disc are reprocessed in the corona. The ionisation parameter derived from the fits is larger than the value predicted in the framework of the standard reflection model, wherein the disc is irradiated by an X-ray source above the compact object. This inconsistency suggests that irradiation from the neutron star and its boundary layer may play an important role in the ionisation of the accretion disc, and hence in the reflection component in this source., 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted by MNRAS for publication

To explore the regularity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases,the core drug groups with common therapeutic effects on cerebrovascular diseases represented by stroke and cardiovascular diseases represented by coronary artery disease were extracted,and their consistency and difference in the treatment of different diseases were analyzed.A total of 388 Chinese patent medicines were collected for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases,cardiovascular diseases and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.The dominant and recessive patterns of Chinese patent medicines in clinical use were found by "frequency analysis","compatibility analysis" and "network analysis" respectively.According to the findings of the three parts,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Carthami Flos and Astragali Radix have a high frequency of use in the treatment of brain disease,heart disease and both,with frequent combined medication.Data mining confirmed the core drug combinations for the treatment of cerebral and cardiac vascular diseases,so as to reveal the similarities and differences in the drug use of Chinese medicine for these diseases,and provide a basis for the rational use of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice.This analysis also defines a new direction for the future development of prescription combinations for different indications of cerebral and cardiac diseases.

This paper is concerned with the event-based H ∞ filtering problem for networked discrete-time nonlinear systems with time-varying delay and packet dropout. In this system, event-triggered communication mechanism is adopted, and both time-varying delay and packet dropout are taken into consideration. The objective of the paper is to design a filter such that the augmented system is exponentially mean-square stable. By utilizing stochastic analysis techniques, sufficient conditions are established for the existence of proposed filter satisfying the filtering performance constraints. The desired filter parameters could be obtained by solving the certain linear matrix inequality (LMI). A simulation example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed event-based filtering method.

Radiative heat may be greater than convective heat when flying at the velocity above 10 km/s. It is critical to precisely predict radiative heat for thermal protection system design. High-enthalpy flowfield solving and gas species’ radiant coefficient calculation are two main contents in computing radiation heat. A series of tests to obtain quantitative emission spectral radiation of air at high velocity have been conducted in a detonation-driven shock tube. Based on optical calibration and measurement, volumetric spectral radiant intensities of N2 and air have been acquired in the spectrum range of 310–380 nm and in the velocity range of 5.5–8 km/s. Unsteady non-equilibrium Navier-Stokes equations were numerically solved for temperature and gas concentration in the shock tube under test conditions. A narrowband model was used to calculate the gas spectral intensity at the specific position behind the shock corresponding to test time delay. The comparison between the computational results and the test measurement shows that the predictions of the flowfield parameters and the gas spectral radiation intensities are accurate and reliable.

We report the discovery of millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations (mHz QPOs) from the bursting, high-inclination atoll neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (NS LMXB) EXO 0748-676 with the Rossi X-ray Time Explorer (RXTE). This class of QPO, originally discovered in three NS LMXBs, has been interpreted as a consequence of a special mode of nuclear burning on the NS surface. Using all the RXTE archival observations of the source, we detected significant (>3σ) mHz QPOs in 11 observations. The frequency of the oscillations was between ∼5 and ∼13 mHz. We also found a decrease of the QPO frequency with time in two occasions; in one of these the oscillations disappeared with the onset of an X-ray burst, similar to what was reported in other sources. Our analysis of the X-ray colours revealed that EXO 0748-676 was in a soft spectral state when it exhibited the QPOs. This makes EXO 0748-676 the sixth source with mHz oscillations associated with marginally stable burning, and the second one that shows a systematic frequency drift. Our results suggest that the mechanism that produces the drift might always be present if the mHz QPOs are observed in the so-called intermediate state., Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía

Although efficient H2 evolution through water splitting under irradiation with light would solve severe global environmental and energy issues, finding efficient and eco-friendly photocatalysts from earth-abundant elements remains challenging. In this paper, we report WS2–MoS2 in-plane few-layer heterostructures that function as efficient photocatalysts. Because of the built-in potential at the epitaxially–grown WS2–MoS2 interface, the electron-hole carriers underwent rapid separation upon irradiation with light, such that the H2 generation yield rate reached as high as 9.83 mmol g–1 h–1. This improved photocatalytic H2 evolution from purely two-dimensional in-plane heterostructures has the potential to deliver outstanding catalysts for solar energy conversion as well as the production of chemical fuels.

Artemisinin and its derivatives are the most effective antimalarial drugs. Besides anti-malarial activity, artemisinin and its derivatives have displayed wide-spectrum bioactivities such as anti-parasite, anti-tumor, and anti-obesity effects. Obesity is an epidemic worldwide which is a big threat to human health, but there are only a few approved anti-obesity drugs in the world. Also, these drugs are efficient to limited patients partly because their safety and efficacy are questioned. Anti-inflammatory therapies may be valuable in obesity treatment since growing evidence shows chronic metabolic inflammation is implicated in metabolic disease pathogenesis. As artemisinin and its derivatives display effective anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties with less toxicity, it provides an insight for novel drug development in obesity therapeutic strategies via immune-regulatory mechanisms. In this review, the potential of artemisinin and its derivatives to treat various metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes is discussed.

Genetic algorithm was applied to search the energy minimization configuration of vacancy clusters in α-Fe. Molecular statics calculations and dynamics annealing relaxation were employed to calculate the formation and binding energies of vacancies and 3D vacancy or vacancy-hydrogen (H) clusters, as well as 2D vacancy or vacancy-H clusters on (111), (011) and (211) planes. Our calculations show that vacancies prefer to form 3D clusters and vacancy dislocation loops are difficult to form, while vacancy-H clusters prefer to shape into 2D clusters, especially on (211) planes. Since H prefers the directional bonding, a vacancy cluster with H atoms tend to form a vacancy dislocation loop with its slip direction along the 〈100〉 direction and on the (211) habit plane. Our results are consistent with the experimental observations, and provide a possible mechanism for the formation of vacancy dislocation loops in α-Fe. Furthermore, we have also explored how dislocation loops trap self-interstitial atoms, vacancies and H atoms. It is of interest to note that H atoms strongly bound to a 〈100〉 vacancy dislocation loop, and are able to enhance the ability for the dislocation loop to further trap vacancies and reduce its ability to absorb self-interstitial atoms, thus promoting the growth of the 〈100〉 vacancy dislocation loops.

Phase-change memory materials such as the pseudobinary GeTe-Sb2Te3 compounds have recently gained attention for their good thermoelectric properties, which can be used for power-generation/cooling applications. In this work, GeTe-rich Ge–Sb–Te thin films deposited using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method readily exhibit the metastable face-centered cubic (FCC) phase at room temperature. This is in stark contrast to its bulk form, which only transforms to its FCC phase after a transition temperature of around 350 °C. Based on previous works, the FCC phase contributes to the superior thermoelectric properties of this material system. In this study, by decreasing the working deposition pressure, the preferred orientation of (200) plane is observed that translates to improved carrier mobility. Moreover, increasing the annealing temperature has been shown to decrease the carrier concentration due to Te deficiency, leading to a significant improvement in the Seebeck coefficient of the film. By combining these effects, an optimized thermoelectric power factor (21 μW/cm K2) was obtained at an operating temperature of 350 °C.

We synthesized a bismuth-rich bismuth sulfide (Bi2+xS3) to improve the electrical conductivity. A percolated composite was obtained by mixing Bi2+xS3 with commercial Bi2S3 so that the other thermoelectric parameters were not compromised. The Bi2+xS3 acted as a conductive percolating channel within the Bi2S3 matrix. This percolation approach retained the high Seebeck coefficient of the Bi2S3 matrix while improving the electrical conductivity. A dimensionless figure of merit (zT) up to five times that of the pure Bi2S3 sample was achieved.