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Eliglustat is a ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor work as first line oral therapy for adults with Gaucher disease type 1 (a rare disease) at present. Although the eliglustat in enantiomerically pure forms is obtained by asymmetric syntheses, the reported methods suffer from many limits when it comes to industrial applications. Therefore, the preparation of a racemic mixture followed by resolution can still be a viable and straightforward alternative, especially when it could be adapted to large scale. Herein, we developed an effective and practical synthetic route to prepare stereoisomers mixture of eliglustat, and a novel chiral resolution method to prepare eliglustat. Using 1,1'-Binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl -hydrogenphosphate (BNDHP) as resolution reagent, optical pure eliglustat (e.e. >99%, 13.97% total yield) could be obtained after recrystallization.

More than 1.3 million people worldwide die in road traffic accidents every year, and the number of traffic accident deaths in China is increasing by 10% every year. Traffic safety has become an important direction for the development of road transportation systems. At present, research in progress of road traffic accidents is mainly from accidents numbers and the degree of accident damage. Firstly, this paper proposes a random forest prediction model for the prediction of the number of road traffic accidents, which applied to the actual to verify the validity of the model by using the R software to solve it. 1. Predictive

A better understanding of soil fungal communities is very useful in revealing the effects of an agroforestry system and would also help us to understand the fungi-mediated effects of agricultural practices on the processes of soil nutrient cycling and crop productivity. Compared to conventional monoculture farming, agroforestry systems have obvious advantages in improving land use efficiency and maintaining soil physicochemical properties, reducing losses of water, soil material, organic matter, and nutrients, as well as ensuring the stability of yields. In this study, we attempted to investigate the impact of a mulberry/alfalfa intercropping system on the soil physicochemical properties and the rhizosphere fungal characteristics (such as the diversity and structure of the fungal community), and to analyze possible correlations among the planting pattern, the soil physicochemical factors, and the fungal community structure. In the intercropping and monoculture systems, we determined the soil physicochemical properties using chemical analysis and the fungal community structure with MiSeq sequencing of the fungal ITS1 region. The results showed that intercropping significantly improved the soil physicochemical properties of alfalfa (total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, and total carbon contents). Sequencing results showed that the dominant taxonomic groups were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota. Intercropping increased the fungal richness of mulberry and alfalfa rhizosphere soils and improved the fungal diversity of mulberry. The diversity and structure of the fungal community were predominantly influenced by both the planting pattern and soil environmental factors (total nitrogen, total phosphate, and total carbon). Variance partitioning analysis showed that the planting pattern explained 25.9% of the variation of the fungal community structure, and soil environmental factors explained 63.1% of the variation. Planting patterns and soil physicochemical properties conjointly resulted in changes of the soil fungal community structure in proportion.

The AML1-ETO fusion protein, generated by the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation, is causally involved in nearly 20% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. In leukemic cells, AML1-ETO resides in and functions through a stable protein complex, AML1-ETO–containing transcription factor complex (AETFC), that contains multiple transcription (co)factors. Among these AETFC components, HEB and E2A, two members of the ubiquitously expressed E proteins, directly interact with AML1-ETO, confer new DNA-binding capacity to AETFC, and are essential for leukemogenesis. However, the third E protein, E2-2, is specifically silenced in AML1-ETO–expressing leukemic cells, suggesting E2-2 as a negative factor of leukemogenesis. Indeed, ectopic expression of E2-2 selectively inhibits the growth of AML1-ETO–expressing leukemic cells, and this inhibition requires the bHLH DNA-binding domain. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses reveal that, despite some overlap, the three E proteins differentially regulate many target genes. In particular, studies show that E2-2 both redistributes AETFC to, and activates, some genes associated with dendritic cell differentiation and represses MYC target genes. In AML patients, the expression of E2-2 is relatively lower in the t(8;21) subtype, and an E2-2 target gene, THPO , is identified as a potential predictor of relapse. In a mouse model of human t(8;21) leukemia, E2-2 suppression accelerates leukemogenesis. Taken together, these results reveal that, in contrast to HEB and E2A, which facilitate AML1-ETO–mediated leukemogenesis, E2-2 compromises the function of AETFC and negatively regulates leukemogenesis. The three E proteins thus define a heterogeneity of AETFC, which improves our understanding of the precise mechanism of leukemogenesis and assists development of diagnostic/therapeutic strategies.

The current policy of the Conversion of New and Old Kinetic Energy in China. The vigorous development of the computer image recognition technology, as well as the growing diversity of the clothing demand, make the development of digital printing technology more and more urgent. Based on digital image processing, computer image recognition, fractal algorithm and ICC color management illustrates the principle of digital printing and technical advantages. The application of digital printing technology in design elements such as pattern, color, fabric and style is analyzed. And the future development trend of digital printing technology is forecasted.

Imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, is toxic to silkworm (Bombyx mori). To explore whether N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) has an effect on preventing silkworm (B. mori) from toxification caused by imidacloprid, we fed the fifth-instar larvae with mulberry leaves dipped in 200 mg/L NAC solution before exposing in imidacloprid, and investigated the silkworm growth, survival rate, feed efficiency, cocoon quality, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in midgut. The results showed that addition of NAC could significantly increase body weight, survival rate, and feed efficiency of imidacloprid poisoned silkworm larvae (P < 0.05), as well as cocoon mass, cocoon shell mass, and the ratio of cocoon shell (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it could significantly promote the activities of the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxide in the midgut of fifth-instar larvae under imidacloprid exposure at the late stage of treatment. In addition, it also could downregulate the malondialdehyde content. The results of our findings proved that the added NAC may have some beneficial effects on protection or restoration of antioxidant balance in imidacloprid exposed larvae.

A strain of Aspergillus niger (A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain (FA-WB) were evaluated.Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity.The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species (ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-a, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.

A better understanding of tree‐based intercropping effects on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community has a potential contribution to improvement of agroforestry productivity and sustainability. In this study, we investigated the effects of mulberry/alfalfa intercropping on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial community by MiSeq sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The results showed a significant increase in the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphate, available potassium, and total carbon in the rhizosphere soil of the intercropped alfalfa. Sequencing results showed that intercropping improved bacterial richness and diversity of mulberry and alfalfa based on richness estimates and diversity indices. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were significantly higher in intercropping mulberry than in monoculture mulberry; and the abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes in the intercropping alfalfa were markedly higher than that in monoculture alfalfa. Bacterial taxa with soil nutrients cycling were enriched in the intercropping system. There were higher relative abundances of Bacillus (0.32%), Pseudomonas (0.14%), and Microbacterium (0.07%) in intercropping mulberry soil, and Bradyrhizobium (1.0%), Sphingomonas (0.56%), Pseudomonas (0.18%), Microbacterium (0.15%), Rhizobium (0.09%), Neorhizobium (0.08%), Rhodococcus (0.06%), and Burkholderia (0.04%) in intercropping alfalfa soil. Variance partition analysis showed that planting pattern contributed 26.7% of the total variation of bacterial community, and soil environmental factors explained approximately 56.5% of the total variation. This result indicated that the soil environmental factors were more important than the planting pattern in shaping the bacterial community in the field soil. Overall, mulberry/alfalfa intercropping changed soil bacterial community, which was related to changes in soil total carbon, available phosphate, and available potassium.

C19H16N2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.5177(10) Å, b = 12.4761(16) Å, c = 16.118(2) Å, V = 1511.7(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0424, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0967, T = 293(2) K.

MWCNT/octadecylamine hybrids with interesting structures were prepared via a simple ultrasonication and drip-drying method. The morphologies of the hybrids vary from lamellae, balls, to rose-like nanoflowers, depending on the weight ratio of the two components, which could be attributed to the introduction of nanotubes into the long-chained amine with self-organization characteristics. The paper chip sensor based on MWCNT/octadecylamine hybrid shows rapid response, high sensitivity and excellent repeatability to some volatile organic compounds, especially chloroform gas. The proposed sensing mechanism of the hybrid is via the swelling of octadecylamine upon the adsorption of organic gas, thus enlarging the nanotube distance in the MWCNT/octadecylamine hybrid and leading to the conductivity decrease of the paper chip.

We report the in situ reduction and incorporation of gold nanoparticles into graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine composites with polyethyleneimine acting as the reducing and protecting agent for the gold nanoparticles. The resulting composites with porous structure are obtained through a simple freeze-drying method with the gold nanoparticles uniformly distributed on the graphene oxide sheets. The morphology and composition of the composite are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The catalytic test indicates that the as-prepared porous gold nanoparticle-embedded composite catalyst could efficiently activate the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. The recycling measurement reveals that the activity of the recovered catalyst decreases a little, mainly due to the restacking of the graphene sheets. Moreover, the porous composites used as packing material in chromatography column and injection syringe exhibit good catalytic performances in the rapid reduction of 4-nitrophenol, implying the potential applications of such porous heterogeneous catalysts in continuous catalytic reaction.

The cyclic electron flux (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) was discovered in isolated chloroplasts more than six decades ago, but its quantification has been hampered by the absence of net formation of a product or net consumption of a substrate. We estimated in vivo CEF in leaves as the difference (ΔFlux) between the total electron flux through PSI (ETR1) measured by a near infrared signal, and the linear electron flux through both photosystems by optimised measurement of chlorophyll a fluorescence (LEFfl). Chlorophyll fluorescence was excited by modulated green light from a light-emitting diode at an optimal average irradiance, and the fluorescence was detected at wavelengths >710 nm. In this way, LEFfl matched the gross rate of oxygen evolution multiplied by 4 (LEFO2) in broad-spectrum white actinic irradiance up to half (spinach, poplar and rice) or one third (cotton) of full sunlight irradiance. This technique of estimating CEF can be applied to leaves attached to a plant.

Six new ent-labdane-type diterpeniods (1‒6), along with one known compound, were identified from the twigs and leaves of Croton laevigatus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic interpretation. Compounds 2 and 7 showed inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with IC50 values of 4.11 and 8.33 μg/ml, respectively.

Shikonin (SK), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, exhibits antitumor activity. However, its precise mechanisms of action are unknown. In the present study, the effects of SK on NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells were investigated. It was found that SK reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in the NCI-H460 cells. Additionally, SK inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, which indicates that inhibition of the ERK pathway is probably one of the mechanisms by which SK induced NCI-H460 cell apoptosis. The expression of Cbl-b was significantly increased by treatment with SK for 4 h, and gradually increased to a maximal level at 24 h; the time taken for the upregulation of Cbl-b protein was in accordance to that required for the downregulation of phospho (p)-ERK protein. The Cbl inhibitor Ps341 reversed the SK-induced downregulation of p-ERK and apoptosis of NCI-H460 cells. These results indicate that Cbl-b potentiates the apoptotic action of SK by inhibiting the ERK pathway in lung cancer cells.

Current valid treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) include chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which are defective and limited respectively. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is up-regulated in many solid tumors; therefore, it may be a target for tumor therapy. Interestingly, IGF-1R is modified by SUMOylation, a type of reversible post-translational modification. In this study, we found that IGF-1R was increased in both cell lines and clinical samples of AML and was modified by SUMO-1. Furthermore, IGF-1, ligand of IGF-1R, induced the up-regulation of IGF-1R and increased the proliferation of leukemia cell line. After mutation of Lys(1025) and Lys(1100) in IGF-1R, the evolutionarily conserved lysine residues were identified as the SUMOylation sites of IGF-1R, because the SUMOylation of IGF-1R in these mutants was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, the cell proliferation mediated by IGF-1 was also reduced. After inhibition of UBC9, the activating enzyme of SUMOylation, co-expression of IGF-1R and SUMO-1 was down-regulated, and cell proliferation was also inhibited. However, cell apoptosis was not significantly affected. These results suggest that IGF-1R and its SUMOylation may be a new therapeutic target for strategy of AML.

PIM kinase family members play a crucial role in promoting cell survival and proliferation via phosphorylation of their target substrates. In this study, we investigated the role of the PIM kinases with respect to T cell responses in transplantation and tumor immunity. We found that the PIM-2 isoform negatively regulated T cell responses to alloantigen, in contrast to the PIM-1 and PIM-3 isoforms, which acted as positive regulators. T cells deficient in PIM-2 demonstrated increased T cell differentiation toward Th1 subset, proliferation, and migration to target organs after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, resulting in dramatically accelerated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) severity. Restoration of PIM-2 expression markedly attenuated the pathogenicity of PIM-2-deficient T cells to induce GVHD. On the other hand, mice deficient in PIM-2 readily rejected syngeneic tumor, which was primarily dependent on CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, silencing PIM-2 in polyclonal or antigen-specific CD8+ T cells substantially enhanced their antitumor response in adoptive T cell immunotherapy. We conclude that PIM-2 kinase plays a prominent role in suppressing T cell responses, and provide a strong rationale to target PIM-2 for cancer immunotherapy.

Atherosclerotic lesions create obvious vascular stenosis due to the presence of plaque, and a large number of inflammatory macrophages are enriched in the thrombus. In this study, we develop a composite hydrogel drug delivery system that is capable of both mechanically-sensitive drug release and of targeting inflammatory macrophages at the thrombus. The hydrogel is a high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) modified with glycidyl methacrylate as a hydrogel precursor; a cross-linkable block copolymer (CBC) is used as the drug coating material and a microscopic cross-linking agent. The difference in drug release rate of the composite hydrogel (HACBC) in simulated blood vessels with 0 % and 75 % occlusion was as high as 49.3 %. Under long-term cycling conditions in stenotic vessels, dynamic shear rheometry revealed that the HACBC still maintained the hydrogel properties. However, the micelles were deformed and recombined to produce smaller sized micelles. An in vitro cell culture demonstrated precise targeting of the HACBC to inflammatory macrophages, and our rabbit experiments with simvastatin-coated HACBC confirmed the effective release of simvastatin in the plaque of the drug carrier. Moreover, we demonstrated the precise targeting of HACBC in vivo in apoE-/- mice by using HACBC coated with cy7. The mechanical stress-sensitive and CD44 receptor-targeted dual-response drug delivery system prepared by micellar composite hydrogel is the first application in the field of atherosclerosis, which provides a new method for diagnosing and treating atherosclerosis.

Ground Penetrating Radar is a method using high frequency impulse electromagnetic wave to detect underground media distribution. It has been gradually widely used as it has the advantage of high accuracy, fast and nondestructive respecting to the conventional method such as visual measurement and confirmation with drilling hole. In the tunnel construction process, it is easy occurred that the quality problem of insufficient lining thickness, the distance of steel arch centering too large and the concrete disengaging. The work achieved in this paper based on the project of LongSheng tunnel and its conclusion and suggestion has important practical engineering significance.

A novel copolymer with fluorescence properties in mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared via a combination of surface-initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and “click” chemistry. A sufficient amount of peroxide groups were introduced into mesoporous silica SBA-15 channel pores and were further used to initiate the RAFT polymerization of styrene and 4-vinylbenzyl azide, resulting in SBA-15 supported polystyrene-co-poly(4-vinylbenzyl azide) copolymer (PS-co-PVBA/SBA-15) hybrid material. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results show that the styrene and 4-vinylbenzyl azide had copolymerized inside mesoporous silica SBA-15. Subsequently, N -propargyl-carbazole (PC) was connected to PS-co-PVBA/SBA-15 hybrid material via “click” reaction, resulting in PS-co-PVBC/SBA-15 with carbazole side groups hybrid material. The fluorescence spectrum is dominated by a broad band from 350 nm to 400 nm in narrow region and the maximum peak is 362 nm, indicating the characteristic absorption of the carbazole group of PS-co-PVBC/SBA-15 hybrid material.

In present study, the anthocyanin composition and content of the fruit of B. heteropoda Schrenk were determined for the first time. The total anthocyanins were extracted from the fruit of B. heteropoda Schrenk using 0.5% HCl in 80% methanol and were then purified using an AB-8 macroporous resin column. The purified anthocyanin extract (PAE) was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and HPLC-high resolution-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-HR-ESI-MS) under the same experimental conditions. The results revealed the presence of seven different anthocyanins. The major anthocyanins purified by preparative HPLC were confirmed to be delphinidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (30.3%), cyanidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (33.5%), petunidin-3-Ο-glucopyranoside (10.5%), peonidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (8.5%) and malvidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (13.8%) using HPLC-HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The total anthocyanin content was 2036.6 ± 2.2 mg/100 g of the fresh weight of B. heteropoda Schrenk fruit. In terms of its total reducing capacity assay, DPPH radical-scavenging activity assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and ABTS radical cation-scavenging activity assay, the PAE also showed potent antioxidant activity. The results are valuable for illuminating anthocyanins composition of B. heteropoda Schrenk and for further utilising them as a promising anthocyanin pigment source. This research enriched the chemical information of B. heteropoda Schrenk.

Modern logistics of agricultural products is an important celling to the development of Chinese agriculture. The article analyzed the effectiveness from the angle of modern logistics of agricultural products futures operation, intending to embed some advanced concepts like logistics finance, e-commerce, supply chain management into the agricultural product futures operation.This paper analyzed the main steps and problems of logistics in the agricultural futures.At last,the paper put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The innovation of the paper is not from the current study of agricultural products futures that has very mature like price function point of view, but from a different approach—the perspective of the new modern logistics which based on the utility analysis of agricultural products futures studies.

Two new cucurbitane triterpenoids 1 and 2 were isolated, together with six known compounds, from the seeds of Momordica charantia L. The structures of new compounds were determined to be 3-O-{[β-d-galactopyranosyl(1 → 6)]-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl}-23(R), 24(R), 25-trihydroxycucur-bit-5-ene (1), 3-O-[β-d-galactopyranosyl]-25-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7(R), 22(S), 23(R), 24(R), 25-pentahydroxycucurbit-5-ene (2), respectively. Their structures were elucidated by the combination of mass spectrometry, one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments and chemical reactions.

Driving axle intelligent design platform was completed to achieve rapid and automotive design by a computer to do a series of design work,. To make the design platform more intelligent, better educated, case-based reasoning techniques (CBR) were used to achieve the retrieve of similar examples and components variant design. A case base was established by truck driving axle with mature products as an example. Two stage retrieval methods were used to retrieve similar instances. The user interfaces were designed according to the design needs of personnel and platform requirements.

The layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide and diazoresin is carried out via the electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions on planar substrates and colloidal templates. The successful planar and spherical growth of multilayer could be investigated by UV–vis spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Subsequent UV irradiation or heating would convert the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds to covalent bands, which significantly improves the stability of the multilayer composite against solvent etching. For the cross-linked core–shell composites, the template cores could be removed by dissolution and hollow microspheres are obtained.

Three-dimensional flower-like nanomaterials have wide application due to the large specific surface area. In this letter, the morphology of octadecylamine (ODA) from several common solvents is studied and it is found that from the chloroform and acetone solution, ODA assembles into petal-like structure, which further forms the spherical or flower-like architecture. Furthermore, the composite materials incorporated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and ODA could well keep the flower-shaped structure of ODA. XRD results show that the introduction of graphene has little influence on the structure of ODA and contact angle test indicates good hydrophobic performance of the rGO/ODA material.

A novel method to functionalize graphene oxide (GO) by hyperbranched polysiloxane via polyhydrosilylation is reported, taking advantage of hyperbranched polysiloxane that possesses good properties such as low viscosity, good rheology, good solubility and high reactivity. The changes in GO surface morphology, chemistry and physical conditions at different stages are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XPS analysis shows that the oxygen content of GO is 29.90% and the silicon content of hyperbranched polysiloxane grafted graphene oxide (HBPGO) is 18.66%. The results indicate that hyperbranched polysiloxane is successfully grafted onto the surface of GO and this novel nanostructure may have potential applications in composites.

Extended Influence Diagram (EID) is a graph model for modeling and solving decision problems under uncertainty, extended from the Influence Diagram. Architecture analysis is one of the main contents of architecture lifecycle. This paper introduces the modeling elements and architecture analysis process of EID, specifics probability elicitation procedure of directly controllable node according to DM2, discusses architecture maintainability by EID, finally summarizes this method's advantages and disadvantages.

The innovative value chain system and the operation mechanism were studied of the service enhanced construction. In the service enhanced construction era, value chain innovation system includes orientation system integration services, full life cycle project management and engineering general contracting system. The service enhanced construction needs perfect construction market environment, the trust and sharing information in business, coordinated management and knowledge management, to reconstruct the value chain system, to achieve the structural adjustment of the construction industry and to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises.

In this study, a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of seven flavonoids including nobiletin, tangeretin, naringin, naringenin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and hesperetin in Pericarpium Citri reticulatae (PCR). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain maximum extractive contents of the seven flavonoids. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to study the main effects and interactions of independent variables. Following UAE, chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column with a linear gradient elution. Full validation of the assay was implemented. It was found that this method had good linearity and specificity. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the tested flavonoids were 0.17–0.49and 0.75–1.75 μg/mL, respectively. Precisions (relative standard deviation, RSD) for intra- and interday were better than 4.54 %. Reproducibility was less than 4.91 %. Analyzed samples were stable for at least 48 h. Analysis had a good robustness (RSD

The denoising principal of the anisotropic diffusion equation is studied. Adaptive filtering of image is realized by combining the improved image structural similarity algorithm and the anisotropic diffusion equation. This algorithm is applied to medical image segmentation. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm has good robustness and advantages in the application of adaptive medical image filtering and segmentation.

This study selected indigenous Proteus hauseri ZMd44 as a model bacterium to explore how chemical structure affected dye decolorization characteristics in comparison with other biodecolorizers. No matter what naturally-existing decolorizer strain was used (e.g., Pseudomonas luteola, Aeromonas hydrophila and P. hauseri), chemical structures of azo dyes (e.g., molecular isomers or the presence of different functional groups) apparently affected the performance of dye biodecolorization (e.g., biodegradability). That is, complete deciphering on azo dye decolorization characteristics of naturally-existing biodecolorizers disclosed which “biodegradable” dye(s) are environmentally-friendly to be used in industry for sustainable development.

Epoxy resin/ montmorillonite (EP/MMT) composite was prepared via monomer insert in-situ polymerization. It was shown that the EP/MMT composites could be successfully synthesized from the raw materials only by one step, making it simpler than traditional in-situ intercalative polymerization method. The d001 spacing of montmorillonite was tested by XRD and increased to 4.30nm. The results showed that tensile strength and impact strength were improved by 98.11 and 93.69%, respectively. The glass transition temperature was increased by 17.3 °C.

This first-attempt study tended to uncover microbial characteristics of simultaneous bioelectricity generation and dye decolorization in air-cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using indigenous dye decolorizers (e.g., Acinetobacter johnsonii NIUx72, Enterobacter cancerogenus BYm30, Klebsiella pneumoniae ZMd31). Batch experimental results showed that supplementation of azo dye C.I. reactive blue 160 (RBu 160) simultaneously stimulated dye decolorization and bioelectricity generation for ZMd31. However, such additions of RBu 160 repressed bacterial activity of A. johnsonii NIUx72, E. cancerogenus BYm30 for power production in MFC. Apparently, selecting appropriate electrochemically active microbes is inevitably top-priority for simultaneous bioelectricity generation and dye decolorization in MFCs.

Enteromorpha clathrata “Green tide” widely broke out at Qingdao nearby sea area in 2007 and 2008. It is imperative for researchers to develop effective ways to make full use of “Green tide” bioresources to protect the environment, Conversion of such macroalgae biomass to bio-oil is regarded as a potential way to solve the ecological crisis coupled with supplying materials for bioenergy industry.The pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of two Enteromorpha clathrata biomass, which are fixed Enteromorpha clathrata, floating Enteromorpha clathrata, were studied with thermogravimetric analysis method. Simultaneously, cornstalk and sawdust were references. The basic pyrolysis characteristics were studied using TG- DTG-DTA curves. The results did show that conversion from Enteromorpha clathrata to bioenergy, which is endowed with promising future, is available, reliable and clean.

To improve our current understanding of the fate of particle-bound PAHs, which include potent mutagens and carcinogens, diurnal measurements of these compounds were carried out from 23 Oct to 31 Dec 2008 at a busy traffic site in Xiamen, China. The sum of 19 PAH concentrations showed a just noticeable day-night difference in the warmer period (from 23 Oct to 25 Nov) to a remarkable day-night difference in the colder period (from 26 Nov to 31 Dec). However, the average profiles of the 19 PAHs in the warmer and colder periods were very similar for both day and night samples. Atmospheric mixing seemed to have more influence on the diurnal variations in PAHs than photodecomposition resulting from solar radiation, because PAH concentrations showed negative correlation with air temperature but significantly positive correlation with the ratios of reactive to stable PAHs, such as benz[a]anthracene to chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene to benzo[e]pyrene. Based on the diagnostic ratios of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene to indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene plus benzo[g,h,i]perylene and fluoranthene to fluoranthene plus pyrene, the results showed that no significant differences were observed in PAHs sources between the warm and cold periods and a combination of grass, wood or coal combustion and petroleum sources in airborne particles might be the most significant contributors of PAHs. Gas-phase PAHs were calculated based on the theoretical gas/particle partitioning coefficients for 19 PAHs and a high fraction of daily exposure was attributed to particle-phase PAHs in most cases. The excess lifetime cancer risk in colder period was generally higher than in the warmer period. The total uncertainties were computed based on the simpler average error transfer formula.

Interval number ranking and the operation reduction are studied in this paper. Firstly, the priority relation of interval numbers is redefined by introducing a new priority-degree. We proved that the new priority-degree can avoid the unreasonable phenomenon that the denominator is zero when interval numbers degrade into real numbers. Then, some important comparison related concepts of the interval numbers, such as totally greater than, greater than, exactly equal and equal to etc., are redefined based on the new priority-degree. We also prove that interval numbers are reducible for addition and subtraction according to the redefined equal to relation. Finally, priority-degree based multi-criteria decision making method for uncertain problems with interval data is given and its validation is shown by an example.

Nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) are suggested to regulate chromatin structure and influence the expression of flanking genes. Our previous study showed that TM2, a new DNA fragment isolated from tobacco, can bind with the rice nuclear matrix in vitro and increase transgene expression in vivo. Here, we investigated the role of TM2 MAR in improving transformation frequency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in tobacco and rice. The gusA reporter gene flanked by TM2 MAR in pBl121 and pCAMBIA-1301 vectors was controlled by a constitutive promoter or a photosynthetic tissue-specific promoter. The presence of TM2 MAR in different expression cassettes significantly increased the numbers of kanamycin-resistant tobacco shoots, hygromycin-resistant rice calli and shoots. Seeds from the independent transgenic lines with TM2 MAR can germinate normally on the medium containing 500 mg l -1 kanamycin, whereas none of the seeds from the transgenic lines without TM2 MAR survived. Furthermore, RNA gel blot analysis revealed that nptll messenger RNA levels are more abundant in the independent transgenic lines with TM2 MAR than in the lines without TM2 MAR. Altogether, these data reveal a possible mechanism that TM2 MAR improves the transformation frequency by increasing nptll gene expression.

Determining the reasonable scale of highway mileage is an important step for the realization of highway network planning, and it is the premise and foundation of network optimization. To address the problem of reasonable scale of China’s highway mileage prediction method of variety and unification, this study aims to improve the accuracy of the reasonable scale of highway mileage of the predicted value and enhance the rationality and reliability by analyzing the factors affecting the development of highway mileage systematically to determine the regional population, area, and economic development of the state, car ownership, and the relating level of development of highway mileage. Then the authors used factors of population, area, car ownership, and other economic development to correct the highway mileage growth curve forecasting model and obtain the social and economic growth curve forecasting model. Finally, the authors used historical data from 2000–2012 in the Shandong Province to verify the accuracy of the constructed model. The results show that the error of the socio-economic growth curve forecasting model can be controlled within 4%. Finally, the authors used the model to predict the reasonable scale of highway mileage of the Shandong Province.

The purpose of this paper is to improve Jinan’s customized bus operation management and increase the level of urban public transport services. The current demand of Jinan's resident travel is diversification, however it is lacking in the urban public transport service system. The contradiction between the two is very prominent. At the same time, the city land utilization layout and traffic situation are becoming more complex in Jinan. To address this situation, the authors did a coupling survey and analysis of urban resident travel characteristics and customized the buses’ operation status for many aspects such as passengers, ordinary residents, and the bus company by using questionnaire survey and discussion exchange research in the paper. Thus, some feasible suggestions about customized bus operation optimization and its future development planning have been put forward which will be helpful to promote the building of a three-dimensional comprehensive public transport service system in Jinan.

To study the chemical constituents of Cymbopogon citratus, isolation and purification of constituents were carried out on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and prepatative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicchemical properties and spectral data analysis. Eight compounds were isolated and identified as 3beta-methoxy lanosta-9(11)-en-27-ol (1), 3beta-hydroxylanosta-9 (11)-en (2), (24S) -3beta-methoxylanosta-9(11), 25-dien-24-ol (3), 8-hydroxyl-neo-menthol (4), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadiene-1, 6-diol (5), (+)-citronellol (6), 7-hydroxymenthol (7) and ethyl nonadecanoate(8). Compounds 1 is a new one. Compounds 2-3 are obtained from C. citratus for the first time.

A comprehensive objective model including a departure interval optimization model and a smooth transition model was proposed to complete public transit departure schedules. Departure interval optimization models based on average passenger flow and maximum sectional passenger flow were constructed separately. The optimizing objective of the former model is maximizing transit capacity to fit travel demands, while the latter is minimizing the operation cost of the public transit company, ensuring a profit of passengers. To smooth the departure intervals, improve transit capacity and provide quality service as much as possible, the smooth transition model was built based on a departure interval optimization model. The comprehensive objective model was the integer programming model, so branch and bound algorithm was selected to solve the model. The comprehensive objective model is supposed to work out optimum analyses of departure intervals for bus dispatching system effectively. Public transit line 101 Road in Jinan is used to verify the model as a living example. The model was found to effectively improve the operational efficiency of public transport, and it has a good practicability.

Identifying traffic patterns of intersections accurately can provide technical support to optimize signal control schemes and realize intelligent control. The traffic patterns of intersections were defined from a qualitative point. Then, the identification parameters were reduced -- based on the rough set theory-- to search the minimum set of parameters used to characterize the feature of traffic patterns. Through combining fuzzy inference system and artificial network organically, a traffic pattern recognition model of intersections was constructed based on the fuzzy neural network, which has been used as a fuzzy recognizer in this paper. Finally, the paper simulated an intersection in Jinan by the simulation platform of VISSIM as the research object to analyze the recognition accuracy of the model comparatively. The results of experiments show that the model can recognize traffic patterns precisely, such as free traffic flow, steady traffic flow (tolerable delay), close to unstable traffic flow, unstable traffic flow and compulsory traffic flow.

There is a growing concern for the sensitive quantification of multiple components using advanced data acquisition method in herbal medicines (HMs). An improved and rugged UPLC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for sensitive and rapid determination of multiply analytes from Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) decoction in three biological matrices (plasma/brain tissue/urine) using geniposide and formononetin as internal standards. After solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column using gradient elution. Quantifier and qualifier transitions were monitored using novel Triggered Dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (TdMRM) in the positive ionization mode. A significant peak symmetry and sensitivity improvement in the TdMRM mode was achieved as compared to conventional MRM. The reproducibility (RSD%) was ≤7.9% by applying TdMRM transition while the values were 6.8-20.6% for MRM. Excellent linear calibration curves were obtained under TdMRM transitions over the tested concentration ranges. Intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD%) were ≤14.2% and accuracies (RE%) ranged from -9.6% to 10.6%. The validation data of specificity, carryover, recovery, matrix effect and stability were within the required limits. The method was effectively applied to simultaneously detect and quantify 1 lactone, 2 monoterpene glucosides, 1 alkaloid, 5 flavonoids and 2 chromones in plasma, brain tissue and urine after oral administration of TXYF decoction. In conclusion, this new and reliable method is beneficial for quantification and confirmation assays of multiply components in complex biological samples.