Search

The Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) developed a classification system for reporting complications in interventional radiology procedures. To evaluate the system's effectiveness, a validation procedure was conducted at a conference, where participants ranked complications using the CIRSE system. The results showed excellent agreement among participants, leading to the proposal of a modified CIRSE classification system. This system divides category 1 into two subcategories and category 3 into two subcategories. The goal is to create a universal approach for complications reporting in interventional radiology. The CIRSE system focuses on long-term sequelae and is similar to other classification systems used in surgery and adverse event reporting. The system was well-received by practitioners and is considered valid and reliable. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and simulation technologies in medical education. It highlights the role of the Conversational Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), an AI-powered conversational agent developed by OpenAI, in revolutionizing medical training. ChatGPT enhances prebriefing, scenario creation, and debriefing in simulation zones, providing guidance, realistic interactions, and tailored feedback to students. It also offers insights into student progress and competence development over time. The article emphasizes that ChatGPT enriches the educational experience, empowering students to become skilled, empathetic, and resilient healthcare practitioners. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the importance of understanding the staging of prostate cancer and how it impacts treatment options. Prostate cancer has two types of staging: pathologic and clinical. Pathologic staging is done after surgery and involves examining the entire prostate, while clinical staging includes factors such as a digital rectal exam, prostate-specific antigen blood levels, and Gleason score. The Gleason score is a grading system that evaluates the aggressiveness of prostate cancer based on the appearance of cancer cells. The article also mentions the use of Grade Groups and the AJCC/TNM staging system to further classify prostate cancer risk and determine the stage of cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network provides evidence-based guidelines for the management of prostate cancer, which may vary based on factors such as stage, Gleason score, PSA level, age, and overall health. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding staging to make informed treatment decisions and suggests seeking support from healthcare professionals, such as nurse navigators, to explore all treatment options. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the Semmelweis Medical Linguistics Conference (SMLC) that was held in Budapest, Hungary, from 2–3 June 2023. Topics discussed include medical translation and interpreting, intercultural communication, medical terminology, teaching of languages for specific purposes (LSP), pragmatics, computational linguistics, and artificial intelligence. Attendees included various notable speakers including Sarah Bigi , Rita Temmerman and Jan Engberg.

The article focuses on a crucial human-related issue of nominating surgical interventions. The authors dwell upon the terms of cardiovascular manipulations and lower limb amputation. Medical terminology is of primary significance to both professionals and non-medical subjects due to its vital nature. Given the prevalence of current anthropocentric research works, this study is relevant. The relevance is further supported by a set of approaches to the surgical terminology followed in the study, in particular, semantic, structural, contextual analysis as well as the tools of online and offline text processing. The complexity and sophistication of the surgical discourse requires detailed and multifaceted analysis for their meaning and contextual use clarification. The article aims at revealing the semantic and structural specifics of the surgical terms based on medical written and spoken texts. The research rested on approximately 200 terminological units retrieved from the texts of a surgical Handbook and surgical manipulation video scripts. The work was performed in four stages. The analysis revealed that structurally, nominal word combinations prevail over verbal ones. The most frequent verbal meanings are ‘to open’, ‘to close’, ‘to introduce’, ‘to remove’, ‘to connect’ and ‘to find’. The semantic classification of the terms revealed that the stages of surgery, anatomical structures and instruments are nominated more frequently. The concordance lines generated by the AntConc tool for the key terms provided vivid representation of their contextual functions, features and collocations with body parts, body systems, and implementation methods.

Pulsating flow, a common term in industrial and medical contexts, necessitates precise water flow measurement for evaluating hydrodynamic system performance. Addressing challenges in measurement technologies, particularly for pulsating flow, we propose a flowing liquid-based triboelectric nanogenerator (FL-TENG). To generate sufficient energy for a self-powered device, we employed a fluorinated functionalized technique on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane to enhance the performance of FL-TENG. The results attained a maximum instantaneous power density of 50.6 µW/cm2, and the energy output proved adequate to illuminate 10 white LEDs. Regression analysis depicting the dependence of the output electrical signals on water flow revealed a strong linear relationship between the voltage and flow rate with high sensitivity. A high correlation coefficient R2 within the range from 0.951 to 0.998 indicates precise measurement accuracy for the proposed FL-TENG. Furthermore, the measured time interval between two voltage peaks precisely corresponds to the period of pulsating flow, demonstrating that the output voltage can effectively sense pulsating flow based on voltage and the time interval between two voltage peaks. This work highlights the utility of FL-TENG as a self-powered pulsating flow rate sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dementia is a broad medical term that describes the progressive cognitive decline of brain function due to disease or impairment, resulting in interference with daily activities. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is commonly used for the clinical diagnosis of dementia by identifying cerebral atrophy and structural alterations. Furthermore, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) can detect biochemical abnormalities in dementia patients, which may be beneficial for early diagnosis and treatment. Aim: To provide a comprehensive protocol and a guidance tool for radiologists to effectively diagnose dementia and its subtypes {Alzheimer's Disease (AD), frontotemporal lobe dementia, etc.} based on radiological findings coupled with volumetry, spectroscopy, and Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) findings. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Nanavati Max Superspeciality Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, between June 2022 and June 2023. A total of 125 patients were analysed to observe the correlation between whole brain volume, Intracranial Volume (ICV) of different cortical regions, hippocampal atrophy, and MRS findings. Descriptive statistics were used, and results were expressed as means and standard deviations for continuous variables, and as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Results: Out of 125 patients, 71 (56.8%) were males, and 54 (43.2%) were females, with ages ranging from 41 to 96 years. The majority presented with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) 36 patients (28.8%) and Vascular Dementia (VaD) (18 patients - 14.4%). Some clinical features and imaging findings overlapped, resulting in some cases being a combination of different types of dementia. MRI, MRS, and Medial Temporal Atrophy (MTA) played a crucial role in allowing clinicians to perform a differential diagnosis. Conclusion: The use of MR volumetry and spectroscopy aids in classifying the type of dementia, which, in turn, gives treating clinicians a better perspective for further treatment and its outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of patient involvement to the design, conduct, and outcomes of healthcare research is increasingly being recognized. Patient involvement also provides greater patient accessibility and contribution to research. However, the use of inaccessible and technical language when communicating with patients is a barrier to effective patient involvement. We analyzed peer-reviewed and gray literature on how language is used in communication between healthcare researchers and patients. We used this analysis to generate a set of recommendations for healthcare researchers about using more inclusive and accessible language when involving patients in research. This scoping review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Four major themes about the use of language were developed from the literature analysis and were used to develop the set of recommendations. These recommendations include guidance on using standardized terminology and plain language when involving patients in healthcare research. They also discuss the implementation of co-development practices, patient support initiatives, and researcher training, as well as ways to improve emotional awareness and the need for greater equality, diversity, and inclusion. The use of inclusive, empathetic, and clear language can encourage patients to be involved in research and, once they are involved, make them feel like equal, empowered, and valued partners. Working toward developing processes and guidelines for the use of language that enables an equal partnership between researchers and patients is critical. Patient and public involvement is when patients, carers, and the public are included as partners in all stages of healthcare research. Patient involvement has been shown to have a positive impact on people and on research itself, but researchers often use language that is complicated, confusing, or unsuitable for patients. This can lead to less meaningful patient involvement in research. Our work looked at two areas: (1) how using unsuitable language can be a barrier to effective and meaningful patient involvement; and (2) what can be done to help improve communication between healthcare researchers and patients. We started by finding out what has already been researched and published in these areas. We looked in medical journal databases for articles that were relevant to the topic. We also searched Google and the websites of relevant organizations. From looking at these sources, we found four common themes. These themes are: (1) lack of standardized terminology for patients involved in research; (2) consistent overuse of technical, scientific, and medical language; (3) positive outcomes of using language to show emotional understanding; and (4) language as a powerful tool for promoting diversity, equality, and inclusion of patients involved in research. Using these themes, we then developed seven recommendations to help improve how healthcare researchers and patients communicate with each other. These recommendations are: (1) using standardized terminology; (2) using plain language; (3) co-developing patient information; (4) providing patient training, mentoring, and support; (5) introducing researcher training; (6) having emotional awareness; and (7) improving equality, diversity, and inclusion. A graphical plain language summary can be found as for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides concise summaries of various research studies and presentations in the field of urology. The studies cover topics such as bladder dysfunction, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, pelvic organ prolapse, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The research explores factors such as race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, testosterone levels, treatment outcomes, patient satisfaction, and the development of new technologies and algorithms. These summaries offer valuable insights into the management, treatment, and understanding of urological conditions, providing useful information for researchers and healthcare professionals in the field. [Extracted from the article]

This document contains abstracts from the 27th Annual Meeting of ESPACOMP, the International Society for Medication Adherence. The abstracts cover a range of topics related to medication adherence, including policy recommendations for strengthening interventions in Switzerland, recommendations for healthcare providers to support patients with medication self-management problems, healthcare professionals' perspectives on osteoporosis medications, the effectiveness of educational courses for healthcare professionals in Latin America, the association between medication adherence and patient activation in individuals with chronic kidney disease, context-specific characteristics of living labs implementing medication adherence interventions in the Netherlands, perceptions and needs of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Aruba and Curaçao, patients' perspectives on medication management and adherence after hospitalization, and barriers and facilitators of adherence to low-dose aspirin in pregnancy. These abstracts provide valuable insights for addressing medication non-adherence and improving health outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A European legislation was put in place for the reporting of medication errors, and guidelines were drafted to help stakeholders in the reporting, evaluation, and, ultimately, minimization of these errors. As part of pharmacovigilance reporting, a proper classification of medication errors is needed. However, this process can be tedious, time-consuming, and resource-intensive. To fulfill this obligation regarding medication errors, we developed an algorithm that classifies the reported errors in an automated way into four categories: potential medication errors, intercepted medication errors, medication errors without harm (i.e., not associated with adverse reaction(s)), and medication errors with harm (i.e., associated with adverse reaction(s)). A fifth category ("conflicting category") was created for reported cases that could not be unambiguously classified as either potential or intercepted medication errors. Our algorithm defines medication error categories based on internationally accepted terminology using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA®) preferred terms. We present the algorithm and the strengths of this automated way of reporting medication errors. We also give examples of visualizations using spontaneously reported vaccination error data associated with the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine. For this purpose, we used a customized web-based platform that uses visualizations to support safety signal detection. The use of the algorithm facilitates and ensures a consistent way of categorizing medication errors with MedDRA® terms, thereby saving time and resources and avoiding the risk of potential mistakes versus manual classification. This allows further assessment and potential prevention of medication errors. In addition, the algorithm is easy to implement and can be used to categorize medication errors from different databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor health is one of the fundamental causes behind the suffering and deprivation of human beings. One of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals is to enhance the quality of healthcare for everyone, which includes economic coverage, availability of high-quality fundamental health-care services, and access to proper, efficient, high-quality, and affordable important vaccinations and medications. Question-Answering (QA) in the medical domain has recently piqued the interest among the researchers and other stakeholders. Medical QA systems have the potential to enhance access to healthcare services, improve patient interactions with doctors, and reduce medical costs through e-medicine. In this paper, we describe a knowledge enabled QA model, which demonstrates how large-scale medical information in the form of knowledge graphs can aid in extracting more relevant answers. The proposed model employs two scoring methods, viz.Medical Entity Scoring (MES) and Context Relevance Scoring (CRS). MES ranks the medical entities from graphs according to their relevance, while CRS is used to reason over the supporting paragraph using the query vector. The system's knowledge is obtained through the use of two distinct resources, viz. PharmKG is used for pharmaceutical terminology management, whereas Unified Medical Language System UMLS is used for general medical terminology management. Empirical results on the MASH-QA and COVID-QA datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms existing State-of-the-art in both machine evaluation and human judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Within the context of the Medical Informatics Initiative (MII) funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF), German academic medicine constructs a nationally harmonized, joint infrastructure enabling secondary use of patient data from heterogeneous clinical IT sources. The semantic annotation of such data is a prerequisite for cross-site usage. The approach and software described in and published jointly with this manuscript may not only facilitate a more efficient semantic annotation process but also promote fully interoperable semantic representations by catalyzing convergent user decisions in the presence of non-uniqueness of annotation choices. The cross-institutional secondary use of medical data benefits from structured semantic annotation, which ideally enables the matching and merging of semantically related data items from different sources and sites. While numerous medical terminologies and ontologies, as well as some tooling, exist to support such annotation, cross-institutional data usage based on independently annotated datasets is challenging for multiple reasons: the annotation process is resource intensive and requires a combination of medical and technical expertise since it often requires judgment calls to resolve ambiguities resulting from the non-uniqueness of potential mappings to various levels of ontological hierarchies and relational and representational systems. The divergent resolution of such ambiguities can inhibit joint cross-institutional data usage based on semantic annotation since data items with related content from different sites will not be identifiable based on their respective annotations if different choices were made without further steps such as ontological inference, which is still an active area of research. We hypothesize that a collaborative approach to the semantic annotation of medical data can contribute to more resource-efficient and high-quality annotation by utilizing prior annotational choices of others to inform the annotation process, thus both speeding up the annotation itself and fostering a consensus approach to resolving annotational ambiguities by enabling annotators to discover and follow pre-existing annotational choices. Therefore, we performed a requirements analysis for such a collaborative approach, defined an annotation workflow based on the requirement analysis results, and implemented this workflow in a prototypical Collaborative Annotation Tool (CoAT). We then evaluated its usability and present first inter-institutional experiences with this novel approach to promote practically relevant interoperability driven by use of standardized ontologies. In both single-site usability evaluation and the first inter-institutional application, the CoAT showed potential to improve both annotation efficiency and quality by seamlessly integrating collaboratively generated annotation information into the annotation workflow, warranting further development and evaluation of the proposed innovative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-induced pseudoaldosteronism is a typical adverse effect of Kampo formulas. Previous research described the potential risks of Kampo formula-linked pseudoaldosteronism. However, few studies assessed the risk factors using a real-world database and a data-mining approach. Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database, we extracted pseudoaldosteronism reports for 148 Kampo formulas covered by Japanese national health insurance. Adverse events were decided according to the preferred terminology of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities/Japanese version 25.1. We calculated reporting odds ratio (RORs) and identified Kampo formulas as suspected causes of pseudoaldosteronism. Moreover, we evaluated clinical factors associated with Kampo formula-induced pseudoaldosteronism via logistic regression. From April 2004 to November 2022, 6334 adverse events related to the Kampo formulas were reported. We selected 2471 reports containing complete clinical data, including 210 reports on pseudoaldosteronism. In the pseudoaldosteronism group, 69.0% of patients were female, and 85.2% were ≥70 years old. The formulas most commonly associated with pseudoaldosteronism were Shakuyakukanzoto, Yokukansan, and Ryokeijutsukanto (ROR [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 18.3 [13.0–25.9], 8.1 [5.4–12.0], and 5.5 [1.4–21.9], respectively). Logistic analysis identified female sex (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI] = 1.7 [1.2–2.6]; P = 0.006), older age (≥70, 5.0 [3.2–7.8]; P < 0.001), low body weight (<50 kg, 2.2 [1.5–3.2]; P < 0.001), diuretics usage (2.1 [1.3–4.8]; P = 0.004), hypertension (1.6 [1.1–2.4]; P = 0.014), and dementia (7.0 [4.2–11.6]; P < 0.001) as pseudoaldosteronism-related factors. Additionally, the daily Glycyrrhiza dose (OR = 2.1 [1.9–2.3]; P < 0.001) and duration of administration (>14 days, OR = 2.8 [1.7–4.5]; P < 0.001) were associated with adverse events. We did not observe an interaction between aging and hypertension. Careful follow-up is warranted during long-term Glycyrrhiza-containing Kampo formula use in patients with multiple clinical factors for pseudoaldosteronism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Executive functions are commonly impaired in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Physical exercise has the potential for improving executive functions and can be easily implemented as a therapeutic method. However, there are only few systematic reviews of exercise effects in schizophrenia including cognitive outcomes, and no meta-analytical syntheses of effects on "cool" and "hot" executive functions. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to determine the effects of physical exercise on "cool" and "hot" executive functions of adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Methods and analysis: This protocol was guided by PRISMA-P guidelines. Studies will be searched using combinations of keywords and medical terms in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. Inclusion criteria will be determined as per PICOS approach. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. The certainty of evidence (per outcome) will be assessed using the GRADE method. The meta-analyses will be performed using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Effect sizes (Hedges' g) with 95% confidence intervals will be calculated for each main outcome. Conclusions: The results of this review may be useful for mental health professionals to design treatment plans for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, offering potential benefits related to the quality of life and cognitive abilities of this population. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023392295. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arrhythmia is the medical term for any irregularities in the normal functioning of the heart. Due to their ease of use and non-invasive nature, electrocardiograms (ECGs) are frequently used to identify heart problems. Analyzing a huge number of ECG data manually by medical professionals uses excessive medical resources. Consequently, identifying ECG characteristics based on machine learning has become increasingly popular. However, these conventional methods have some limitations, including the need for manual feature recognition, complex models, and lengthy training periods. This research offers a unique hybrid POA-F3DCNN method for arrhythmia classification that combines the Pelican Optimisation algorithm with fuzzy-based 3D-CNN (F3DCNN) to alleviate the shortcomings of the existing methods. The POA is applied to hyper-tune the parameters of 3DCNN and determine the ideal parameters of the Gaussian Membership Functions used for FLSs. The experimental results were obtained by testing the performance of five and thirteen categories of arrhythmia classification, respectively, on UCI-arrhythmia and the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia datasets. Standard measures such as F1-score, Precision, Accuracy, Specificity, and Recall enabled the classification results to be expressed appropriately. The outcomes of the novel framework achieved testing average accuracies after ten-fold cross-validation are 98.96 % on the MIT-BIH dataset and 99.4% on the UCI arrhythmia datasets compared to state-of-the-art approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representing specialized knowledge in the medical domain implies considering the dynamism of scientific and technological progress. The advancement of knowledge on diseases goes hand in hand with the reconceptualization processes undertaken by experts with consequent conceptual evolutions and possible variations of the terms used to designate medical concepts. Sometimes term variation is the result of a desire to avoid or overcome negative connotations anchored in medical terms, and leads to the creation of less evaluatively charged terms that carry a diminished ideological load. This study illustrates the case of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), a relatively under-/misdiagnosed medical condition which has been the object of multiple reconceptualizations by experts. We focus on the analysis of the conceptual evolution of BDD and the consequent variation occurring at the linguistic level. We adopt the theoretical assumption that terminology has a double dimension – conceptual and linguistic. Following on this assumption, the terminologist must examine both the experts' conceptualizations of a given domain and the discourses produced by them in order to effectively represent the specialized knowledge of a specific subject field. To complete the analysis, we present how information about BDD is disseminated to non-experts through the analysis of a corpus of mass-media articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In the past two decades, the number of publications on stigma has increased in the literature. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of publications related to stigmatization in the psychiatric nursing literature. Methods: In this study, a search was performed on the PubMed database on September 11, 2022, with the Medical Searching Terms "(Stigmatization [Title OR Abstract] OR Social Stigma [Title OR Abstract]) OR (Stigma [Title OR Abstract] OR Stereotyping [Title OR Abstract] OR Discrimination [Title OR Abstract]) AND (Psychiatric Nursing [Title OR Abstract] OR Nursing [Title OR Abstract])." Between 1990 and 2022, 10,571 studies published in English, available in full text, and published in journals indexed with SCI, SSCI, and ESCI were found. Results: The number of published articles reached the highest number in 2020, with an increase of 4.05 times in 30 years; it was determined that 92.8% of the publications were of the descriptive study, and Happell was the most productive author in this field. Frequently, articles were published in the Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing (n=762), Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services (n=550), International Journal of Mental Health Nursing (n=480), Issues in Mental Health Nursing (n=445), and Journal of Advanced Nursing (n=429). It was determined that the top five most frequently repeated keywords were humans, female, psychiatric nursing, male, and adult, respectively. Conclusion: The findings obtained from this study can provide information about the number of publications, research types, researchers, and institutions, as well as give ideas for new research strategies in psychiatric nursing literature. Establishing cooperation between institutions and authors can guide psychiatric nurses in creating projects to reduce stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the experience and effects of a trauma-responsive program that uses creative methods to address the ongoing psychosocial impacts of transgenerational trauma and youth suicide, which disproportionately affect First Nations people in Australia. Our aim is to understand how the aesthetic (sensory-affective) dimensions of such a program serve to promote experiences of growth after trauma, manifesting in a sense of connection to both self and community. The paper focuses on the second of two immersive, experiential workshops delivered seven months apart in the regional town of Warwick in Queensland, Australia. In the light of self-reports of growth and personal transformation following the initial workshop, the paper examines the key drivers of such growth, focusing in particular on how trauma-related experience is metabolised through cultural containment. It builds on Bion's concept of container/contained, combining analysis of the affordances of immersion. Framed in cultural rather than medical terms, the larger goal of the paper is to establish how cultural programs fill a gap in trauma informed support, facilitating the processing of trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CHARM study aimed to improve access to genomic health care for marginalized populations at risk for hereditary cancer syndromes. The study utilized communication strategies and digital materials to engage patients and streamline the genomics care process. The results showed that the approach successfully reached patients who may be missed by traditional care pathways and highlighted the importance of relationship-oriented communication strategies and remote technologies in making genetic counseling more inclusive and accessible. The study also emphasized the importance of a diverse research workforce and ongoing relationships with patient advisors to improve community engagement. Overall, the CHARM study demonstrated the value of multilevel, health system-embedded interventions in genomic medicine and highlighted the need for further research to expand the reach of genomic care. [Extracted from the article]

Language is closely connected to the concepts of uncertainty and indeterminacy, as it functions as a fundamental tool for the expression and communication of information. Linguistic formulations possess inherent qualities of ambiguity, imprecision, and vagueness. The comprehension of language frequently hinges upon contextual factors, individual interpretation, and subjective viewpoints, resulting in ambiguities in comprehension. Neutrosophic-linguistic valued hypersoft sets (N-LVHS) play a pivotal role in decision-making by effectively managing linguistic uncertainty, modeling real-world complexity, and accommodating multidimensional information. In the realm of medical diagnosis and treatment, several limitations tied to language and indeterminacy persist. Patients often use vague or imprecise language to describe their symptoms, complicating the accurate identification of ailments. Moreover, diagnostic criteria are subjectively defined, leading to inconsistencies in diagnoses. Disease progression, characterized by its complexity and unpredictability, adds further indeterminacy in treatment planning. The variability in patient responses to treatments introduces uncertainties in outcome prediction. Inconclusive test results and limited clinical data may compound these challenges, underscoring the need for innovative approaches like N-LVHS to address these linguistic and indeterminacy-related limitations and improve the precision and efficacy of medical decision-making and treatment procedures. In constructing an N-LVHS framework for medical diagnosis and treatment, relevant factors, and linguistic terms characterizing medical conditions and treatments are identified. For example, disease severity could be described using terms such as "mild," "moderate," and "severe," while treatment effectiveness may be categorized as "low," "moderate," and "high." Each factor is then assigned neutrosophic values based on their measured impacts. This approach provides a more precise representation of the complex medical diagnostic and treatment landscape. The findings of this study have the potential to assist medical practitioners, researchers, and policymakers in optimizing medical diagnosis and treatment strategies, enhancing patient outcomes, and improving healthcare practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the association between long-term use of bisphosphonates, a common treatment for osteoporosis, and atypical femoral fractures (AFFs). While AFFs are rare, they are a serious concern due to their potential complications. The article presents a case study of a 72-year-old female who had been on alendronate therapy for 18 years and had a previous femur fracture attributed to alendronate use. The patient underwent surgery to prevent a pathological fracture and was subsequently discharged and followed up with regular monitoring. The article emphasizes the importance of early detection, discontinuation of bisphosphonates, and appropriate management to prevent AFFs and improve patients' quality of life. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Immunologic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is considered as one of the common diseases among children. The aim of this study is evaluating the treatment indices of ITP in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: In this observational follow-up study, 123 ITP patients were assessed in term of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests based on the type of treatment. Results: Among 123 ITP patients, 70 (56.9%) were female and 53 (43.1%) were male with mean age of 4 years. Considering the platelet count of > 20,000, 115 (93.6%), 4 (3.3%) were treated in less than a month (acute) and 1-6 months (sub-acute). Thirty two patients (26%) did not reach the normal platelet count in 6 months (chronic). IVG, steroid, RhoGAM, steroid+ IVIG, RhoGAM + IVIG, RhoGAM+steroid+IVIG therapy was done in 10.6, 15.4, 2.4, 41.5, 4.1, and 26, respectively. Three patients did not receive any medication. There was no significant relationship between the onset of clinical symptoms and the onset of treatment based on 20,000 platelet count; however, regarding the platelet count of 150000, the relationship was statistically significant. The frequency of ITP was higher in females. There was no report on Intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In addition, 11 patients (8.9%) were provided with splenectomy. The treatment with combinational therapy of RhoGAM and IVIG was regarded as the highest treatment rate. In addition, the highest length of hospotalization based on initial treatment belonged to steroid treatment followed by the combinational therapy of steroid and IVIG. The patients receiving IVIG were the ones with the highest cost for the first 24 hours of treatment, and regarding the later hospitalization, the patients treated with steroid and combinational therapy of steroid+IVIG had to pay the highest medical expenses. Conclusion: No significant relationship between the symptoms, platelet count, and the type of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have not fully determined whether online education materials on chronic kidney disease (CKD) for Japanese patients are easy to understand and help change their behavior. Therefore, this study quantitatively assessed the understandability and actionability of online CKD education materials. Methods: In September 2021, we searched Google and Yahoo Japan using the keywords "kidney," "kidney disease," "CKD," "chronic kidney disease," and "renal failure" to identify 538 webpages. We used the Japanese version of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), ranging from 0 to 100%, to evaluate the understandability and actionability of webpages. We set the cutoff point to 70%. Results: Of the 186 materials included, the overall understandability and actionability were 61.5% (± 16.3%) and 38.7% (± 30.6%), respectively. The materials were highly technical in their terminology and lacked clear and concise charts and illustrations to encourage action. Compared to lifestyle modification materials on CKD overview, symptoms/signs, examination, and treatment scored significantly lower on the PEMAT. In addition, the materials produced by medical institutions and academic organizations scored significantly lower than those produced by for-profit companies. Conclusion: Medical institutions and academic organizations are encouraged to use plain language and to attach explanations of medical terms when preparing materials for patients. They are also expected to improve visual aids to promote healthy behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Filologija is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article "Inside the Xenophobic Mind: An Interview with George Makari" explores the history and contemporary applications of the concept of xenophobia. George Makari, a psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, and historian, delves into the origins of xenophobia and its various manifestations throughout history. He discusses different types of xenophobia, their sources, and potential remedies, emphasizing the importance of nuanced understanding. Makari also highlights the ethical implications of labeling others as xenophobic and the need for historical context in addressing societal issues. The interview concludes with insights on the role of xenophobia in global conflicts, climate change, and the importance of studying xenophobia from diverse perspectives. [Extracted from the article]

Background. There is sufficient scientific literature on the effectiveness of registered vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, but research on the impact of the COVID-19 vaccination program on social and economic aspects is lacking. In connection with the above, this study aimed to assess the impact of vaccinations on presenteeism and absenteeism among healthcare professionals in the workplace caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. A post-marketing, cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out on a sample of 736 actively employed healthcare professionals. Among them, 215 individuals (29.21%) were unvaccinated (control group). The study group consisted of 521 vaccinated respondents, with 52.97% being women and 47.03% men. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and delivered online to the target population group of healthcare workers. Results. A significant association (p < 0.01) was observed between the number of doses of the COVID-19 vaccine received and presenteeism among the respondents. Among the unvaccinated respondents (2.30 ± 1.19) or those vaccinated with only one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (2.16 ± 1.11), the COVID-19 pandemic had a significantly higher impact on work performance compared to individuals vaccinated with three doses of the vaccine (1.19 ± 1.11). Moreover, a significant association was found (p = 0.0265) between the number of workdays missed (over the last twelve months) due to COVID-19-related sick leave and the number of doses of the COVID-19 vaccine received. The number of workdays missed due to COVID-19 sick leave was lowest in the group vaccinated with three doses (2.00 ± 6.75) and highest in the unvaccinated group (5.32 ± 16.24). Conclusions. Our results clearly show that the widely implemented national COVID-19 vaccination program brings tangible benefits both in medical and economic terms. The extent of reducing absenteeism and presenteeism caused by the coronavirus disease depended on the number of vaccine doses administered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folklore Studies / Tautosakos Darbai is the property of Institute of Lithuanian Literature & Folklore and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of health literacy interventions in improving health outcomes among adolescent sport populations. This is primarily to assess the current strategies and interventions being used to promote health outcomes for adolescents. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the following inclusion criteria (1) Studies published in peer-reviewed journals. (2) Studies conducted on adolescent sport populations. (3) Studies focus on health literacy interventions. (4) Studies published in the English language. Based on the reviewed literature, there were notable findings regarding the frequency of sport-related injuries, indicating reductions >20% (% dependent on type-classification of injury) through a multi-component approach to educational materials included in the interventions. The review also provides a post-intervention case study that applies the multi-component approach, revealing each sport & and exercise science profession's specific role for the rehabilitation of a full rupture Anterior Cruciate Ligament. The most effective interventions for preventing sports injuries were person-centred that included educational material on preseason conditioning, functional training, balance training, use of protective equipment, nutrition, common diseases, and signs and symptoms of injuries. The multi-component approach had the highest impact on injury prevention, nutrition knowledge, and mental well-being. Practitioners should prioritise health literacy interventions in the initial stages of treatment, the beginning of pre-season, and should consider an individual's health literacy as a predictive tool for future performance. It was also found that socio-economic factors play a significant role in the effectiveness of health literacy interventions, as sport and exercise science professions are less common in rural communities. It is advised that practitioners expand their scope of practice through further education from universities or educational providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hans Sloane's A Voyage to the Islands Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S. Christophers and Jamaica (1707–25) exemplifies the collecting that would make him famous, includes evidence of the medical practice responsible for some of his wealth and fame, and has served as a key text for scholars puzzling out the relationship between museums, healthcare, empire building, and racial slavery in the Caribbean. This essay examines the strange style that this text and other natural histories adopt, with their long, clunky, repetitive, plain, and sometimes downright boring descriptions of weather, plants, animals, and minerals—and, more alarmingly, human beings, their lives, their bodies, and their suffering. Sianne Ngai's concept of "stuplimity" can help us describe the effects of this tedium, which both awes and shocks with its length, repetitions, and taxonomies and leaves an open feeling akin to the sublime. I further argue that this feeling has embodied consequences that are clear from Sloane's medical case studies. I term this particularly medical aesthetic a "quotidian fever." The term itself refers to regularly occurring but untreatable fevers and embeds within it both the tedium and the possibilities of "the quotidian." The incurability of these fevers—both for patients and on the page—is not overcome, but rather remains incurable because of the imperial world-building enacted by Sloane and represented by his style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal cells in the human body that keep on mutating are termed to be cancer in medical terms. There are multiple types of cancer identified in human beings. It is very much essential to identify and classify the type of cancer in its earlier stage. This objective can be satisfied by artificial intelligence which has a subfield of machine learning to create a generalized model that could identify and classify cancer with increased performance. To perform the identification and classification of various cancer types, in this paper, two techniques are adopted. The optimized feature set computation was done using the Kernel-Induced Matriarch path tracking Elephant Herding Optimization (KIM-EHO) and the classification for the given samples was done using the Support Vector Machines (SVM). The proposed techniques are implemented with the benchmark datasets and the results proved that the proposed methodologies outperformed the existing methods in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity and time complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Named entity recognition (NER) is a crucial component of various natural language processing (NLP) applications, particularly in healthcare. It involves accurately identifying and extracting named entities such as medical terms, diseases, and drug names, and healthcare professionals are essential for tasks like clinical text analysis, electronic health record management, and medical research. However, healthcare NER faces challenges, especially in Malay, in which specialized corpora are limited, and no general corpus is available yet. To address this, the paper proposes a method for constructing an annotated corpus of Malay health documents. The researchers leverage a parallel source that contains annotated entities in English due to the limited tools available for the Malay language, and it is very language-dependent. Additional credible Malay documents are incorporated as sources to enhance the development. The targeted health entities in this research include penyakit (diseases), simptom (symptoms), and rawatan (treatments). The primary objective is to facilitate the development of NER algorithms specifically tailored to the healthcare domain in the Malay language. The methodology encompasses data collection, preprocessing, annotation of text in both English and Malay, and corpus creation. The outcome of this research is the establishment of the Malay Health Document Annotated Corpus, which serves as a valuable resource for training and evaluating NLP models in the Malay language. Future research directions may focus on developing domain-specific NER models, exploring alternative algorithms, and enhancing performance. Overall, this research aims to address the challenges of healthcare NER in the Malay language by constructing an annotated corpus and facilitating the development of tailored NER algorithms for the healthcare domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that medical students are not confident and may be ill-prepared to prescribe competently. Therefore, changes to standard education may be required to fortify medical student prescribing skills, confidence, and competence. However, specific education to write a safe and legal prescription is generally lacking. Furthermore, the term prescribe and the skill thereof is not clearly defined. This review compares additional education for medical students to no identified additional education or another educational modality on the skill of prescription writing. Secondary aims include review of education modalities, prescribing skill assessments, educator professional background, and timing of education within the medical curriculum. This systematic review was conducted and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Databases searched included: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Emcare (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed and Scopus. Search terms included: medical education, medical undergraduate, medical student, medical school, and prescriptions. The search was conducted in February 2023, and quantitative outcomes were reported. Of the 5197 citations identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies reported significant improvements in prescribing skills of medical students after additional educational intervention(s). Various educational modalities were implemented, including case-based teaching (n=3), patient-based teaching (n=1), tutorial-based teaching (n=2), didactic teaching (n=1), and mixed methods (n=6). There were no commonalities in the professional background of the educator; however, five studies used faculty members. There was no consensus on the best assessment type and time to implement prescription writing education during medical training. There are a range of interventions to educate and assess prescribing competencies of medical students. Despite heterogenous study designs, there is evidence of the superiority of additional prescription writing education versus no identified additional education to develop prescription writing skills. The introduction of formal teaching and standardised assessment of prescribing skills for medical students is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrow understandings about fatness and health continue to prevail in the West. However, we have witnessed emerging trends and movements against these dominant discourses. Examples of these counter discourses are the fat acceptance and body positivity movements. Social media is a space where confrontation and discrepancies between these different discourses are common, particularly in relation to nonnormative bodies. This paper explores how Instagram users reinforce or challenge underlying assumptions regarding the 'Operación Feria' advertising campaign, which focuses on promoting physical exercise to fight obesity and fatness. A total of 1,930 comments posted on Instagram were analysed using a discourse analysis approach. Two main narratives were constructed from the data. On the one hand, there is a dominant position that challenges societal norms regarding bodies, which confronts fat-phobia and stereotypes. On the other hand, there is a reinforcement of the campaign with a discourse based on humour, victimhood and medical terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malay was once the lingua franca for the Malay Archipelago region, i. e. the Nusantara sphere and beyond. The Malay had been used widely by traders and seamen as the language of trade and commerce. It illustrates the richness of Malay in its nautical and maritime words throughout the pre-modern era, which indirectly led to the positioning of Malaysia as a maritime nation at that point in time. This paper explores Malay words through investigative evidence of words used in the Malay world's seas, where historically, the peninsula was the focus of trade and commerce for the Nusantara region. An investigation to seek evidence of nautical words was conducted on the Malay glossaries in two historical writings. The primary source of analysis was the Shellabear English Malay Dictionary (1916), with the Malacca Maritime Code of the Malays (Stamford Raffles, 1879) as another source of analysis to supplement the findings on Malay as the maritime language. The dictionary is composed of 614 pages with 7000 Malay words and phrases that had equivalence to English nautical words and an appendix of household, nautical and medical terms, among others. A manual calculation shows that Shellabear had 109 'nautical terms' entries in this English-Malay translated dictionary. The maritime nature of the Malay world in both texts reflects many terms related to seafaring, fishing, trade, and navigation, with a prevalence of different types of boats, fishing equipment, and navigation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All healthcare professionals have to master the extensive anatomical terminology, which is an indispensable tool in communication. The Terminologia Anatomica Nomina Anatomica, is a particularly useful tool for effective communication among anatomists and specialists beyond the field, both within a medical context and the broader scientific discourse. The inaugural edition of the Terminologia Anatomica, which was issued in 1998 by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology, gained widespread international recognition. Nevertheless, many authors believe that precise definitions and valid names for the parts and segments of the anatomical structures that are clinically and didactically useful should be incorporated in future editions of anatomical nomenclature. Thus, refining and extending the Terminologia Anatomica remains a challenging task for future generations of anatomists. Simultaneously, the intricate nature of anatomical nomenclature poses a major challenge, as learning, remembering, and understanding the complex terminology is a difficult task, especially for first-year medical students and newcomers to the field, emphasizing the need to simplify the anatomical language. The purpose of this article is to explore specific strategies designed to elevate the educational experience of medical students as they endeavor to master human gross anatomy and its terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Современная терминология претерпевает массу изменений на протяжении последних нескольких десятков лет. Стремительный рост числа заимствованных терминов ведет к активизации таких процессов, как омонимия и полисемия. Некоторые ученые отрицают само явление омонимии в терминологии, полагая, что проявление многозначности того или иного термина является межсистемной полисемией. Другие рассматривают процесс омонимии как один из основных процессов, происходящих под влиянием заимствований, выделяя для терминологической омонимии отдельные характерные черты, явно отличающие ее от полисемии. В данной статье авторы пытаются выяснить, каковы же основные черты терминологической омонимии и полисемии, в чем их сходство и различие. Авторы демонстрируют точки зрения представителей различных научных школ, рассматривают многочисленные примеры из числа современных медицинских терминов, большая часть которых заимствована из английского языка, проводится анализ. Авторами предпринимается попытка определить основные причины возникновения данных явлений, выявляются основные факторы, способствующие их развитию. Результаты данного исследования могут быть использованы в практических рекомендациях для переводчиков и студентов медиков, а также при создании словарей и профильных методических пособий.

Sialography combined with cone beam computerized tomography (sialo-CBCT) is an imaging technique that demonstrates the ductal system of the major salivary glands and allows evaluation of gland function. This review describes the sialo-CBCT technique, terminology, common pitfalls and limitations, as well as radiographic features and suggested pathogenicity of various salivary gland disorders, based on 1,758 sialo-CBCT examinations conducted over the last decade in one institution, and the current literature. The adoption of standardized terminology is proposed to prevent miscommunication, facilitate formulation of differential diagnoses, and thereby promote patient management: (1) Sialo-CBCT requires specific training, and operator experience is required for adequate glandular filling with minimal extravasation; (2) Limit injection-to-scan time to avoid premature emptying; (3) The sialo-CBCT report should include a description of the morphology of the primary duct as well as the secondary, tertiary, and descending branches, the maximal branching level, the presence of sialectasis, overall glandular size, and parenchymal findings; (4) Functional evaluation is based on assessment of iodine clearance in the post evacuation image; (5) Sialectasis and ductopenia are the main findings in Sjogren syndrome and recurrent juvenile parotitis; (6) Sialodochitis with or without fillings defects or hyperdense calcifications characterize obstructive sialadenitis and sialolithiasis; (7) The findings following radioactive-iodine-induced damage are similar to obstructive sialadenitis, with atrophy in late stages; (8) In chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), variable presentations of ductopenia, sialectasis, and sialodochitis may be evident; (9) The red flags indicating a space-occupying lesion include areas of no filling, splaying of ducts, and primary duct deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Timely need for navigating the potential and downsides of LLMs in healthcare and biomedicine" provides a comprehensive exploration of the opportunities and challenges associated with large language models (LLMs) in the field of biomedicine and healthcare. The authors discuss the transformative potential of LLMs in areas such as biomedical information retrieval, question answering, medical text summarization, information extraction, and medical education. They also highlight the need for caution regarding data privacy, ethical considerations, and the mitigation of biases. The article presents a list of popular LLMs in the health domain and identifies limitations and new challenges, along with mitigation strategies. Additionally, it suggests various applications of LLMs in healthcare, including personalized treatment recommendations, predictive health analytics, and automated medical literature review. The authors emphasize the importance of proceeding with ethical principles, inclusivity, and collaboration in integrating LLMs into healthcare. While the article provides valuable insights, it could have further explored futuristic challenges and applications of LLMs in the biomedical domain. Overall, this work contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of AI in healthcare and sets the stage for future research and development in this field. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a series of works that focus on the knowledge and academic disciplines in the Tesoro de la lengua castellana by Sebastián de Covarrubias. Specialists examine topics such as school life, rhetoric, the use of bestiaries, astronomy and astrology, gastronomy, interpretation, art theory, medical terms, and the role of consultant for the Holy Office of the Inquisition. These works will be published through different channels, including a scientific journal and a miscellaneous volume. The objective is to deepen the understanding of Covarrubias' work and contribute to studies on the Hispanic world in the Golden Age and the Modern Era. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the meaning and appropriate use of the term "Trousseau sign and syndrome" in the medical field. The term originated from Trousseau's observations in 1868 of the association between uterine cancer and venous thrombosis in women. The article suggests that the term "cancer-associated thrombosis" should be used to describe the broad spectrum of thrombotic events occurring in cancer patients, and "cancer-associated arterial thrombosis" or "cancer-induced arterial thrombosis" should be used to describe thromboembolic conditions involving the arterial side of the circulation in cancer patients. The article emphasizes the need for consistent and precise medical terminology. [Extracted from the article]