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The article presents a case study on the successful management of a central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and an associated displacement of maxillary canine of a young female patient. Due to the rarity of the CGCG, the lesions are to be considered by orthodontists as part of a differential diagnosis of patients with grossly displaced teeth. It is suggested that orthodontic treatment should proceed after ossification of wound site is complete.

The polytropic process is a widely used pressure model for predicting the nature of pressure and volume states in expansion and compression systems. The two variable nature of this model typically leads to an open ended approach with heavy reliance on mechanism evaluation and potential extended design iterations in the prototyping phase. Through a fundamental examination of the polytropic derivation from the energy transfer ratio assumption, in conjunction with repeated application of elementary thermodynamic principles, including First Law analysis, moving boundary work, and substance property evaluation, a solution to a refined nominal polytropic index can be found. The derivation can provide valuable insight to the polytropic process itself and address the issue of bounding a complex system with a reasonable choice of theoretical system input. With the aid of the method outlined in this paper, researchers will be enabled with a tool to better predict the polytropic expansion coefficient which finds widespread use in thermodynamic modeling and analysis. To this end, the method is used herein to predict a polytropic index of n = 1.306 and k = 1.615 for the specific heat ratio for a SCO2 expansion engine operating between 20 MPa and 9.2 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate racial cancer disparities in Georgia by calculating and comparing mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) by health district and in relation to geographic factors.Methods: Data sources included cancer incidence (Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry), cancer mortality (Georgia Vital Records), and health factor (County Health Rankings) data. Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were calculated by cancer site (all sites combined, lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, oral, and cervical) for 2003-2007. MIRs and 95% confidence intervals were calculated overall and by district for each cancer site, race, and sex. MIRs were mapped by district and compared with geographic health factors.Results: In total, 186,419 incident cases and 71,533 deaths were identified. Blacks had higher MIRs than whites for every cancer site evaluated, and especially large differentials were observed for prostate, cervical, and oral cancer in men. Large geographic disparities were detected, with larger MIRs, chiefly among blacks, in Georgia compared with national data. The highest MIRs were detected in west and east central Georgia, and the lowest MIRs were detected in and around Atlanta. Districts with better health behavior, clinical care, and social/economic factors had lower MIRs, especially among whites.Conclusions: More fatal cancers, particularly prostate, cervical, and oral cancer in men were detected among blacks, especially in central Georgia, where health behavior and social/economic factors were worse. MIRs are an efficient indicator of survival and provide insight into racial cancer disparities. Additional examination of geographic determinants of cancer fatality in Georgia as indicated by MIRs is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the co-occurrence of cocaine, alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use among treatment seeking homeless persons to determine whether alcohol use predicted cocaine use differently than marijuana and other drugs predicted cocaine use. Participants were 141 homeless persons with substance use and other nonpsychotic mental disorders seeking drug treatment at a metropolitan health care agency for homeless persons. They were 72.3% male, 27.7% female, 82.7% African American, 17.3% Caucasian, with an average age of 37.7 (SD 7.1) years and had 13.1 (SD 2.4) average years of education. Results supported the assertion that cocaine use was strongly associated with extent of alcohol use and that the association between cocaine and alcohol was stronger than the association between cocaine and other drug use, including marijuana. Participants with cocaine plus alcohol disorders were retained longer in treatment than disorders of cocaine only with no differences in abstinence outcome. The findings should drive further research into the use of alcohol as a trigger or predictor of cocaine use, the deleterious effects of the combined use of cocaine and alcohol, and specialized treatments for polysubstance users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the prevalence and treatment outcome of DUAL diagnoses (psychoactive substance use disorders [PSUD] plus other nonpsychotic mental disorders) among a population of homeless persons participating in a behavioral day treatment and contingency management drug abuse treatment program. Participants were 128 persons: 76.6% male, 23.4% female; 82.2% African-American, 17.2% Caucasian. There were 46 (35.9%) PSUDs and 82 (64.1%) DUAL participants. Cocaine (96.9%) and alcohol disorders (57.8%) were most prevalent overall, and 60.2% of participants had two or more psychoactive substance use disorders. DUAL participants had significantly more alcohol disorders than PSUDs (62.2% versus 50.0%). The most prevalent mental disorders (other than substance use) for the total and DUAL samples were, respectively, mood (51.6% and 80.5%) and anxiety (35.9% and 56.1%), and 31.3% and 48.8% had more than two mental disorders. The DUAL group had more severe problems than the PSUD group at baseline in alcohol, medical condition, employment/support, and psychiatric status areas on the ASI. Both groups showed treatment improvements at 6-months follow-up with the DUAL group showing greater mean changes than the PSUD group in five of the seven ASI areas. These findings are discussed in terms of effect of dual diagnoses on treatment outcome and study limitations related to a retrospective design and select sample of nonpsychotic mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unstable self-esteem is thought to reflect fragile and vulnerable feelings of self-worth that are affected by specific positive and negative events. Direct evidence for this contention is lacking, however. To redress this situation, we examined the extent to which level and stability of self-esteem predicted the impact that everyday positive and negative events had on individuals' feelings about themselves. Participants recorded the most positive and most negative event that occurred each day Monday through Thursday for a period of 2 weeks. They then indicated the extent to which each event made them feel better or worse about themselves. As anticipated, negative and positive events had a greater impact on the self-feelings of individuals with unstable as opposed to stable self-esteem (although the effect for positive events was marginal). Additional findings indicated that event qualities (i.e., self-esteem relevance and concerns about social acceptance/rejection) could account for the unstable self-esteem/greater reactivity link for negative events, but not for positive events. Negative, but not positive, events had a greater impact on the self-feelings of individuals with low as compared to high levels of self-esteem. Theoretical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of an eight year old boy with unerupted maxillary permanent right central incisor. The radiographic examination showed that the incisor was dilacerated with crown inversion. It notes that due to incomplete development of the root, a combined surgical-orthodontic approach was used to address the problem. It adds that an apicoectomy was needed since the apical portion of the incisor penetrated the labial cortical plate.