Author: "Marie, François" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Marie, François"' showing total 945 results

Start Over Author "Marie, François"

945 results on '"Marie, François"'

101. Preoptic leptin signaling modulates energy balance independent of body temperature regulation

Author: Christopher D. Morrison, Yanlin He, Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, David H. Burk, Heike Münzberg, Sangho Yu, Yanyan Jiang, Eduardo A. Nillni, Helia Cheng, Emily Qualls-Creekmore, Clara Huesing, Marie François, Hong Gao, Andrea Zsombok, Andrei V. Derbenev, and Yong Xu
Subjects: Leptin, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, food intake, Mouse, QH301-705.5, Science, Population, Adipokine, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Glutamatergic, Internal medicine, energy expenditure, medicine, Animals, Homeostasis, Biology (General), education, education.field_of_study, Leptin receptor, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, high fat diet, Body Weight, knockdown, General Medicine, Preoptic Area, Preoptic area, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Medicine, Energy Metabolism, Thermogenesis, Research Article, Neuroscience, Body Temperature Regulation, Signal Transduction
Abstract: The adipokine leptin acts on the brain to regulate energy balance but specific functions in many brain areas remain poorly understood. Among these, the preoptic area (POA) is well known to regulate core body temperature by controlling brown fat thermogenesis, and we have previously shown that glutamatergic, long-form leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing neurons in the POA are stimulated by warm ambient temperature and suppress energy expenditure and food intake. Here we further investigate the role of POA leptin signaling in body weight regulation and its relationship to body temperature regulation in mice. We show that POA Lepr signaling modulates energy expenditure in response to internal energy state, and thus contributes to body weight homeostasis. However, POA leptin signaling is not involved in ambient temperature-dependent metabolic adaptations. Our study reveals a novel cell population through which leptin regulates body weight.
Published: 2018

102. Author response: Preoptic leptin signaling modulates energy balance independent of body temperature regulation

Author: Clara Huesing, Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, Yanyan Jiang, Yanlin He, Christopher D. Morrison, Andrea Zsombok, Eduardo A. Nillni, Heike Münzberg, Andrei V. Derbenev, Helia Cheng, Marie François, Hong Gao, David H. Burk, Yong Xu, Emily Qualls-Creekmore, and Sangho Yu
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Energy balance, Leptin signaling
Published: 2018

103. Circadian processes in the RNA life cycle

Author: Manon Torres, Jean-Louis Franc, Denis Becquet, Anne-Marie François-Bellan, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de neurophysiopathologie (INP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Alternative splicing, Circadian clock, RNA, Biology, Biochemistry, Circadian Rhythm, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, RNA editing, Transcription (biology), Circadian Clocks, RNA splicing, Gene expression, Animals, Humans, Circadian rhythm, Molecular Biology
Abstract: International audience; The circadian clock drives daily rhythms of multiple physiological processes, allowing organisms to anticipate and adjust to periodic changes in environmental conditions. These physiological rhythms are associated with robust oscillations in the expression of at least 30% of expressed genes. While the ability for the endogenous timekeeping system to generate a 24-hr cycle is a cell-autonomous mechanism based on negative autoregulatory feedback loops of transcription and translation involving core-clock genes and their protein products, it is now increasingly evident that additional mechanisms also govern the circadian oscillations of clock-controlled genes. Such mechanisms can take place post-transcriptionally during the course of the RNA life cycle. It has been shown that many steps during RNA processing are regulated in a circadian manner, thus contributing to circadian gene expression. These steps include mRNA capping, alternative splicing, changes in splicing efficiency, and changes in RNA stability controlled by the tail length of polyadenylation or the use of alternative polyadenylation sites. RNA transport can also follow a circadian pattern, with a circadian nuclear retention driven by rhythmic expression within the nucleus of particular bodies (the paraspeckles) and circadian export to the cytoplasm driven by rhythmic proteins acting like cargo. Finally, RNA degradation may also follow a circadian pattern through the rhythmic involvement of miRNAs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the post-transcriptional circadian mechanisms known to play a prominent role in shaping circadian gene expression in mammals. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification RNA Export and Localization > Nuclear Export/Import.
Published: 2018

104. Rational engineering of a malate dehydrogenase for microbial production of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid via homoserine pathway

Author: Cláudio Remedios Frazão, Yoann Malbert, Christopher M. Topham, Jean Marie François, Thomas Walther, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molecular Forces Consulting, Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), valorization service of the 'Toulouse Transfer Technology', ANR-14-CE06-0024,SYNPATHIC,Ingénierie robuste et évolution dirigée de voies metaboliques synthétiques par intégration de la microfluidique et de la génomique(2014), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Models, Molecular, homosérine, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Protein Conformation, Lactate dehydrogenase A, Homoserine, malate dehydrogenase, Dehydrogenase, Reductase, Biochemistry, Malate dehydrogenase, Substrate Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, education, Butylene Glycols, Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, Binding Sites, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, Escherichia coli Proteins, Lactococcus lactis, Reproducibility of Results, protein engineering, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, ingénierie enzymatique, Turnover number, Biosynthetic Pathways, Alcohol Oxidoreductases, Butyrates, Kinetics, enzyme, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, chemistry, Metabolic Engineering, protéine, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, synthetic biology, site-directed mutagenesis, escherichia coli, protein
Abstract: A synthetic pathway for the production of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from homoserine, composed of two consecutive enzymatic reaction steps has been recently reported. An important step in this pathway consists in the reduction of 2-keto-4-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) into (L)-dihydroxybutyrate (DHB), by an enzyme with OHB reductase activity. In this study, we used a rational approach to engineer an OHB reductase by using the cytosolic (L)-malate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli (Ec-Mdh) as the template enzyme. Structural analysis of (L)-malate dehydrogenase and (L)-lactate dehydrogenase enzymes acting on sterically cognate substrates revealed key residues in the substrate and co-substrate binding sites responsible for substrate discrimination. Accordingly, amino acid changes were introduced in a step-wise manner into these regions of the protein. This rational engineering led to the production of a Ec-Mdh-5E variant (I12V/R81A/M85E/G179D/D86S) with a turnover number (k cat ) on OHB that was increased by more than 2,000 fold (from 0.03 up to 65.0 s -1 ), which turned out to be 7 fold higher than that on its natural substrate oxaloacetate. Further kinetic analysis revealed the engineered enzyme to possess comparable catalytic efficiencies (k cat /K m ) between natural and synthetic OHB substrates (84 and 31 s -1 mM -1 , respectively). Shake-flask cultivation of an homoserine-overproducing E. coli strain expressing this improved OHB reductase together with a transaminase encoded by aspC able to convert homoserine to OHB resulted in 89 % increased DHB production as compared to our previous report using a E. coli host strain expressing an OHB reductase derived from the lactate dehydrogenase A of Lactococcus lactis
Published: 2018

105. Innovative DendrisChips® Technology for a Syndromic Approach of In Vitro Diagnosis: Application to the Respiratory Infectious Diseases

Author: Sylvain Messier, Philippe Besse, Tatiana Kempowsky, Alice Senescau, Jean Marie François, Richard Fabre, Elodie Bernard, Dendris SAS, Biopôle, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Region Midi Pyrenees [06001324, 07006292], ANR-10-BTBR-0004,IDEALG,Biotechnologies pour la valorisation des macroalgues(2010), Laboratoire Bio Pole, service pharmaceutique, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Technologies Avancées en sciences du Vivant (ITAV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiological culture, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, 030106 microbiology, Clinical Biochemistry, biochips, diagnostic, Biotechnologies, dendrimer, syndromic approach, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], law, Medicine, Multiplex, 030212 general & internal medicine, machine-learning methods, microbiologie, Biochip, Pathogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Polymerase chain reaction, bactérie, lcsh:R5-920, biology, business.industry, in vitro diagnostic (IVD), Microbiology and Parasitology, DNA, biology.organism_classification, bacterium, Virology, In vitro, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, PCR, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious disease (medical specialty), puce à adn, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), Bacteria, pathogen, agent pathogène
Abstract: Clinical microbiology is experiencing the emergence of the syndromic approach of diagnosis. This paradigm shift will require innovative technologies to detect rapidly, and in a single sample, multiple pathogens associated with an infectious disease. Here, we report on a multiplex technology based on DNA-microarray that allows detecting and discriminating 11 bacteria implicated in respiratory tract infection. The process requires a PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA, a 30 min hybridization step on species-specific oligoprobes covalently linked on dendrimers coated glass slides (DendriChips&reg, ) and a reading of the slides by a dedicated laser scanner. A diagnostic result is delivered in about 4 h as a predictive value of presence/absence of pathogens using a decision algorithm based on machine-learning method, which was constructed from hybridization profiles of known bacterial and clinical isolated samples and which can be regularly enriched with hybridization profiles from clinical samples. We demonstrated that our technology converged in more than 95% of cases with the microbiological culture for bacteria detection and identification.
Published: 2018

106. Deciphering the Origin, Evolution, and Physiological Function of the Subtelomeric Aryl-Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author: Dong Dong Yang, Frank Rosenzweig, Gustavo M. de Billerbeck, Jean Marie François, Jin Jing Zhang, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland (UQ), School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), COST action FA0907 BIOFLAVOUR under the EU's Seventh Framework Programme for Research (FP7), Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31301547), Ministry of Education (SRF for ROCS 2015), NASA NNX12AD87G, NIH R01HG003328, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southern Queensland (USQ), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, expression génique, Evolution, 030106 microbiology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ingénierie des aliments, Subtelomeric, Biology, yeast, brewer s, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Genome, Lignin, Homology (biology), Evolution, Molecular, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Gene family, Food engineering, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenases, AKR superfamily, Pseudogenization, Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Gene, analyse phylogénique, Genetics, Whole genome sequencing, Ecology, séquence génomique, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, Open reading frame, Alcohol Oxidoreductases, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, Multigene Family, gene expression, Pseudogenes, pseudogénisation, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: Homology searches indicate that Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY4741 contains seven redundant genes that encode putative aryl-alcohol dehydrogenases (AAD). Yeast AAD genes are located in subtelomeric regions of different chromosomes, and their functional role(s) remain enigmatic. Here, we show that two of these genes, AAD4 and AAD14 , encode functional enzymes that reduce aliphatic and aryl-aldehydes concomitant with the oxidation of cofactor NADPH, and that Aad4p and Aad14p exhibit different substrate preference patterns. Other yeast AAD genes are undergoing pseudogenization. The 5′ sequence of AAD15 has been deleted from the genome. Repair of an AAD3 missense mutation at the catalytically essential Tyr 73 residue did not result in a functional enzyme. However, ancestral-state reconstruction by fusing Aad6 with Aad16 and by N-terminal repair of Aad10 restores NADPH-dependent aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase activities. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that AAD genes are narrowly distributed in wood-saprophyte fungi and in yeast that occupy lignocellulosic niches. Because yeast AAD genes exhibit activity on veratraldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and vanillin, they could serve to detoxify aryl-aldehydes released during lignin degradation. However, none of these compounds induce yeast AAD gene expression, and Aad activities do not relieve aryl-aldehyde growth inhibition. Our data suggest an ancestral role for AAD genes in lignin degradation that is degenerating as a result of yeast's domestication and use in brewing, baking, and other industrial applications. IMPORTANCE Functional characterization of hypothetical genes remains one of the chief tasks of the postgenomic era. Although the first Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence was published over 20 years ago, 22% of its estimated 6,603 open reading frames (ORFs) remain unverified. One outstanding example of this category of genes is the enigmatic seven-member AAD family. Here, we demonstrate that proteins encoded by two members of this family exhibit aliphatic and aryl-aldehyde reductase activity, and further that such activity can be recovered from pseudogenized AAD genes via ancestral-state reconstruction. The phylogeny of yeast AAD genes suggests that these proteins may have played an important ancestral role in detoxifying aromatic aldehydes in ligninolytic fungi. However, in yeast adapted to niches rich in sugars, AAD genes become subject to mutational erosion. Our findings shed new light on the selective pressures and molecular mechanisms by which genes undergo pseudogenization.
Published: 2018

107. Construction of a synthetic metabolic pathway for the production of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from homoserine

Author: Clémentine Dressaire, Yoann Malbert, Jean Marie François, Florence Calvayrac, Thomas Walther, Hélène Cordier, Ceren Alkim, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, homosérine, voie métabolique, Lactate dehydrogenase A, Homoserine, Bioengineering, Reductase, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Metabolic engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, ingénierie métabolique, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Bacterial Proteins, Escherichia coli, Génie chimique, education, Butylene Glycols, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, biology, Lactococcus lactis, Chimical engineering, metabolic pathway, biology.organism_classification, Amino acid, Metabolic pathway, Butyrates, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, metabolic engineering, Biotechnology
Abstract: 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate (DHB) is a precursor for the chemical synthesis of the methionine analogue 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate. Since no annotated metabolic pathway exists for its microbial production from sugar, we have conceived a two-step synthetic metabolic pathway which converts the natural amino acid homoserine to DHB. The pathway proceeds through the homoserine transaminase-catalyzed deamination of homoserine to obtain 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate (OHB), and continues with the reduction of OHB to DHB, which is catalyzed by an OHB reductase enzyme. We identified homoserine transaminase and OHB reductase activity in several candidate enzymes which act on sterically cognate substrates, and improved OHB reductase activity of lactate dehydrogenase A of Lactococcus lactis by structure-based enzyme engineering. Fed-batch cultivation of a homoserine-overproducing Escherichia coli strain which expressed homoserine transaminase and OHB reductase enzymes resulted in the production of 5.3 g/L DHB at a yield of 0.1 g/g.
Published: 2018

108. Bimodality of gene expression from yeast promoter can be instigated by DNA context, inducing conditions and strain background

Author: Jean-Pascal Capp, Sevan Arabaciyan, Jian Liu, Jean Marie François, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-12-JSV6-0006], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-12-JSV6-0006,NOISYEAST,Expression génique aléatoire et variabilité phénotypique dans l'adaptation de la levure(2012), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Transcriptional Activation, epistasis, Copper Sulfate, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Transgene, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Context (language use), Biology, yeast, brewer s, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, fragment génomique, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmid, Genes, Reporter, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, plasmid, Gene expression, cupric sulfate, saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA, Fungal, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Strain (chemistry), promoteur, Gene Expression Profiling, promotor, Promoter, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, CUP1, bimodalité, Recombinant Proteins, sulfate de cuivre, Cell biology, Artificial Gene Fusion, phenotypic heterogeneity, 030104 developmental biology, bimodal expression, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, plasmide, processus industriel, transgene expression, Plasmids, expression des gènes
Abstract: Bimodality in gene expression is thought to provide a high phenotypic heterogeneity that can be favourable for adaptation or unfavourable notably in industrial processes that require stable and homogeneous properties. Whether this property is produced or suppressed in different conditions has been understudied. Here we identified tens of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic fragments conferring bimodal yEGFP expression on centromeric plasmid and studied some of these promoters in different DNA contexts, inducing conditions or strain backgrounds. First, we observed that the bimodal behaviour identified on plasmid is generally suppressed at the genomic level. Second, an inducible promoter such as the copper-regulated CUP1 promoter can produce bimodal expression in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. For a given copper sulphate concentration, a constant proportion of the subpopulation is induced and only the induction level of this subpopulation changed with induction duration, while for a same induction time, higher copper sulphate concentrations induced more cells at higher levels. Third, we showed that bimodality conferred by the CUP1 promoter in expression profile is strain background dependent, revealing epistasis in the generation of bimodality. The influence of these parameters on bimodality has to be taken into account when considering transgene expression for industrial microbial productions.
Published: 2018

109. RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Author: Anne-Marie François-Bellan, Jean-Louis Franc, Marie-Pierre Blanchard, Mathias Moreno, Bénédicte Boyer, Séverine Guillen, Denis Becquet, Manon Torres, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de neurophysiopathologie (INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), This work was supported by Aix-Marseille University and CNRS and funded by a grant from Pfizer Laboratories, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: DNA and RNA shearing, RNA pull-down, network cross- linking, General Immunology and Microbiology, probe design, General Chemical Engineering, General Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, DNA and RNA shearing Date, Computational Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Issue 134, Long non-coding RNA, lnc RNA, network cross-linking, Genetics, Humans, predicted RNA secondary structure, RNA, Long Noncoding, Cells, Cultured
Abstract: International audience; Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which are sequences of more than 200 nucleotides without a defined reading frame, belong to the regulatory non-coding RNA's family. Although their biological functions remain largely unknown, the number of these lncRNAs has steadily increased and it is now estimated that humans may have more than 10,000 such transcripts. Some of these are known to be involved in important regulatory pathways of gene expression which take place at the transcriptional level, but also at different steps of RNA co-and post-transcriptional maturation. In the latter cases, RNAs that are targeted by the lncRNA have to be identified. That's the reason why it is useful to develop a method enabling the identification of RNAs associated directly or indirectly with a lncRNA of interest. This protocol, which was inspired by previously published protocols allowing the isolation of a lncRNA together with its associated chromatin sequences, was adapted to permit the isolation of associated RNAs. We determined that two steps are critical for the efficiency of this protocol. The first is the design of specific anti-sense DNA oligonucleotide probes able to hybridize to the lncRNA of interest. To this end, the lncRNA secondary structure was predicted by bioinformatics and anti-sense oligonucleotide probes were designed with a strong affinity for regions that display a low probability of internal base pairing. The second crucial step of the procedure relies on the fixative conditions of the tissue or cultured cells that have to preserve the network between all molecular partners. Coupled with high throughput RNA sequencing, this RNA pull-down protocol can provide the whole RNA interactome of a lncRNA of interest.
Published: 2018

110. Engineering carbon-conserving synthetic pathways for assimilation and conversion of C5/C6 carbon sources into added value chemicals

Author: Cléa Lachaux, Ceren Alkim, Jean Marie François, Thomas Walther, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, carbon, xylose, Bioengineering, Assimilation (biology), General Medicine, Pulp and paper industry, utilisation, 01 natural sciences, thermodynamic equilibrium, wood sugar, 03 medical and health sciences, équilibre thermodynamique, éthylène, 010608 biotechnology, biotechnologie blanche, Added value, Environmental science, carbone, glucose, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Biotechnology
Abstract: Présenté au: 3. International Conference on Enzymology and Molecular BiologyDate: 05-06 Mars 2018 Lieu: Londres; The development of carbon efficient pathways for added value (bio)chemicals production is the essence of White Biotechnology. The limit of carbon conservation in all (bio)chemical syntheses is determined by the electron balance in substrate(s) and product(s). Natural pathways do not have often the stoichiometric capacity to produce a value-added compound at yields that correspond to the thermodynamic maximum. A good example of this lack of stoichiometric efficiency is the bioproduction of glycolic acid (GA), a two carbon compound of considerable industrial interest notably in cosmetics and biodegradable polymers. We addressed this objective by employing the following strategies. Firstly, we reconsider a new pathway for C5 assimilation that relies on the carbon-conserving aldolytic cleavage of X1P or R1P to yield the C2 compound glycolaldehyde and the C3 DHAP compound by expression of a ketohexo-1-kinase (Khk-C) and aldolase (Aldo-B). Glycoaldehyde is then either reduced into ethylene glycol or oxidized into glycolic acid usingh endogenous reductase/dehydrogenase. With this approach, EG and GA at yield close to maximal of 1 mol/mol sugar have been obtained. This synthetic pathway was then coimbined with the natural glyoxylate shunt, to yield a production of GA ∼30% from a xylose/glucose mixture (66%/33%) 30% higher than using the sole natural pathway. Yet, as this strategy does not avoid a loss of carbon at the level of pyruvate, we created a cycling route that overcome this loss and which allowed both hexoses and pentoses to be converted into glycolic acid at their highest theoretical yield
Published: 2018

111. Production of Aspergillus niger biomass on sugarcane distillery wastewater: physiological aspects and potential for biodiesel production

Author: Jean-Marie François, Marie Watson, Yanis Caro, Isabelle Grondin, Graziella Chuppa-Tostain, Thomas Petit, Laetitia Adelard, Alain Shum Cheong Sing, Julien Hoarau, Elisabeth Girbal-Neuhauser, Isabelle Bourven, Petit, Thomas, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNSA), Université de La Réunion (UR), Physique et Ingénierie Mathématique pour l'Énergie, l'environnemeNt et le bâtimenT (PIMENT), Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale (LBAE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IUT 'A' Paul Sabatier, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, This work was financially supported by the Regional Council of La Reunion (French overseas territory), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Paul Sabatier (IUT Paul Sabatier), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Paul Sabatier (IUT Paul Sabatier), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Biomass, rendement, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, eaux usées, Biodiesel, biology, Chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Chemical oxygen demand, Distillery spent wash, food and beverages, Pulp and paper industry, Lipids, Biomass production, Process Engineering, Biodiesel production, 8. Economic growth, Bioremediation, Biotechnology, recyclage des déchets, lcsh:Biotechnology, 020209 energy, Vinasse, Biotechnologies, complex mixtures, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, biomasse fongique, Génie des procédés, Molecular Biology, Effluent, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Aspergillus niger, aspergillus niger, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, vinasse, industrie de la distillerie, 030104 developmental biology, Sugarcane distillery wastewater, 13. Climate action, ile de la reunion, Fermentation, effluent, biodiesel, biomass production, bioremediation, distillery spent wash, lipids, sugarcane distillery wastewater, canne à sucre
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundSugarcane distillery waste water (SDW) or vinasse is the residual liquid waste generated during sugarcane molasses fermentation and alcohol distillation. Worldwide, this effluent is responsible for serious environmental issues. In Reunion Island, between 100 and 200 thousand tons of SDW are produced each year by the three local distilleries. In this study, the potential of Aspergillus niger to reduce the pollution load of SDW and to produce interesting metabolites has been investigated.ResultsThe fungal biomass yield was 35 g L−1 corresponding to a yield of 0.47 g of biomass/g of vinasse without nutrient complementation. Analysis of sugar consumption indicated that mono-carbohydrates were initially released from residual polysaccharides and then gradually consumed until complete exhaustion. The high biomass yield likely arises from polysaccharides that are hydrolysed prior to be assimilated as monosaccharides and from organic acids and other complex compounds that provided additional C-sources for growth. Comparison of the size exclusion chromatography profiles of raw and pre-treated vinasse confirmed the conversion of humic- and/or phenolic-like molecules into protein-like metabolites. As a consequence, chemical oxygen demand of vinasse decreased by 53%. Interestingly, analysis of intracellular lipids of the biomass revealed high content in oleic acid and physical properties relevant for biodiesel application.ConclusionsThe soft-rot fungus A. niger demonstrated a great ability to grow on vinasse and to degrade this complex and hostile medium. The high biomass production is accompanied by a utilization of carbon sources like residual carbohydrates, organic acids and more complex molecules such as melanoidins. We also showed that intracellular lipids from fungal biomass can efficiently be exploited into biodiesel.
Published: 2018

112. Multiplexing technology for in vitro diagnosis of pathogens: the key contribution of phosphorus dendrimers

Author: Anne-Marie Caminade, Alice Senescau, Jean-Pierre Majoral, Richard Fabre, Jean Marie François, Serge Mignani, Majoral, Jean-Pierre, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dendris, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), National Research Agency (Agence Nationale pour la Recherche), 'BIO-TECHNOLOGIES' program [ANR 2010 BIOT 004 06], Region Midi Pyrenees [06001324, 07006292], CNRS, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: DNA arrays, Materials science, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Computational biology, Biotechnologies, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, dendrimers, Dendrimer, amplification par pcr, General Materials Science, phosphorus, multiplexing technology, microbiologie, bactérie, Microbiology and Parasitology, nanoscience, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, bacterium, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, phosphore, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: After the microbiology based on Pasteur's method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the diagnosis company named Dendris has proposed a third-generation of diagnosis enabling the search of a broad range of pathogens with strong sensitivity and specificity. This extraordinary profile was possible thanks to the use of phosphorus dendrimers for which various techniques of deposition on a given support were investigated and described and analyzed in this report.
Published: 2018

113. A generic HTS assay for kinase screening: Validation for the isolation of an engineered malate kinase

Author: Isabelle André, Nelly Martineau, Audrey Baylac, Clément Auriol, Magali Remaud-Simeon, Jean-Marie François, Christopher M. Topham, Romain Irague, Thomas Walther, Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French National Research Agency (ANR programme d'Investissement d'Avenir, Project SYNTHACS) [ANR-10-BTBR-05-01], ANR-10-BTBR-0005,SYNTHACS,Biologie Synthétique pour la synthèse de molécules chimiques à haute valeur ajoutée à partir de ressources carbonées renouvelables(2010), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Andre, Isabelle, and Remaud Simeon, Magali
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Models, Molecular, enzymic activity, métabolisme du malate, Applied Microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, Malates, lcsh:Medicine, Protein Engineering, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, nad, Substrate Specificity, Electricity, Catalytic Domain, Enzyme Inhibitors, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, 010304 chemical physics, Kinase, Chemistry, Physics, activité enzymatique, Recombinant Proteins, Enzymes, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Research Article, Biotechnology, Static Electricity, Library Screening, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Catalysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Industrial Microbiology, Electrostatics, 0103 physical sciences, Aspartate kinase, Enzyme kinetics, Aspartate Kinase, Kinase activity, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, Enzyme Assays, Gene Library, adénosine di phosphate, Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques, lcsh:R, Phosphotransferases, Substrate (chemistry), Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Genetic Variation, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Kinetics, 030104 developmental biology, adenosine pyrophosphate, Amino Acid Substitution, criblage, Enzymology, Biocatalysis, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, lcsh:Q, NAD+ kinase, Directed Molecular Evolution, Biochemical Analysis, size grading, Pyruvate kinase, Cloning
Abstract: An end-point ADP/NAD(+) acid/alkali assay procedure, directly applicable to library screening of any type of ATP-utilising/ADP producing enzyme activity, was implemented. Typically, ADP production is coupled to NAD(+) co-enzyme formation by the conventional addition of pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Transformation of enzymatically generated NAD(+) into a photometrically active alkali derivative product is then achieved through the successive application of acidic/alkali treatment steps. The assay was successfully miniaturized to search for malate kinase activity in a structurally-guided library of LysC aspartate kinase variants comprising 6,700 clones. The screening procedure enabled the isolation of nine positive variants showing novel kinase activity on (L)-malate, the best mutant, LysC V115A: E119S:E434V exhibited strong substrate selectivity for (L)-malate compared to (L)-aspartate with a (k(cat)/K-m)(malate)/(k(cat)/K-m)(aspartate) ratio of 86. Double mutants V115A:E119S, V115A:E119C and E119S:E434V were constructed to further probe the origins of stabilising substrate binding energy gains for (L)-malate due to mutation. The introduction of less sterically hindering side-chains in engineered enzymes carrying E119S and V115A mutations increases the effective volume available for substrate binding in the catalytic pocket. Improved binding of the (L)-malate substrate may be assisted by less hindered movement of the Phe184 aromatic side-chain. Additional favourable long-range electostatic effects on binding arising from the E434V surface mutation are conditionally dependent upon the presence of the V115A mutation close to Phe184 in the active-site.
Published: 2018

114. Flavour production by Saprochaete and Geotrichum yeasts and their close relatives

Author: Carmen Nueno-Palop, Eric Grondin, Thomas Petit, Alain Shum Cheong Sing, Steve James, Jean Marie François, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNSA), Université de La Réunion (UR), Institute of Food Research [Norwich], Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR Qualisud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), European Regional development Funds (ERDF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Saprochaete, Ehyl tiglate, 030106 microbiology, Flavour, Geotrichum, yeast, Galactomyces, Analytical Chemistry, Dipodascus, 03 medical and health sciences, Unsaturated esters, Genus, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Food science, biology, General Medicine, ethyl tiglate, teleomorphs, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, arôme, flavour, Flavoring Agents, Magnusiomyces, Biochemistry, Taste, Saccharomycetales, souche de levure, Food Science
Abstract: In this study, a total of 30 yeast strains belonging to the genera Dipodascus, Galactomyces, Geotrichum, Magnusiomyces and Saprochaete were investigated for volatile organic compound production using HS-SPME-GC/MS analysis. The resulting flavour profiles, including 36 esters and 6 alcohols compounds, were statistically evaluated by cluster and PCA analysis. Two main groups of strains were extracted from this analysis, namely a group with a low ability to produce flavour and a group producing mainly alcohols. Two other minor groups of strains including Saprochaete suaveolens, Geotrichum marinum and Saprochaete gigas were diverging significantly from the main groups precisely because they showed a good ability to produce a large diversity of esters. In particular, we found that the Saprochaete genus (and their closed relatives) was characterized by a high production of unsaturated esters arising from partial catabolism of branched chain amino-acids. These esters were produced by eight phylogenetically related strains of Saprochaete genus.
Published: 2017

115. The Esteam-316 dialogue manager

Author: Grossi, Thomas, primary, Bronisz, Didier, additional, and Jean-Marie, François, additional
Published: 1992
Full Text: View/download PDF

116. Mademba n'est pas un natif du terroir. Et alors ? : Un plaidoyer contre l'autochtonie

Author: Jean Marie François Biagui and Jean Marie François Biagui
Subjects: Federal government--Senegal
Abstract: Ce pamphlet a pour but de lever toutes équivoques entre l'autonomie et l'autochtonieL'autochtonie est propice, dans sa définition comme du point de vue de sa finalité, à des dérives de type ethnique, xénophobe ou raciste. L'auteur cherche en effet à clarifier sa vision autonomiste ou fédéraliste pour le Sénégal, en tant qu'une formidable alternative à la logique de l'indépendance pure et simple de la Casamance, en proie à une rébellion indépendantiste incarnée par le Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance (MFDC) depuis décembre 1982.Un texte pour protester contre l'autochtonie en Casamance.EXTRAITIl est un proverbe bien de chez nous, et d'ailleurs, qui veut que l'étranger soit roi. Aussi contemporain des générations actuelles qu'il ne l'est des origines de l'humanité ; si angélique du point de vue de la morale ou de l'éthique qu'il comporte ; si généreux quant à sa finalité présumée, ce proverbe n'en suggère pas moins, en substance, qu'aussi longtemps que l'étranger restera tel, il sera roi chez nous. Il est roi, chez nous, si et seulement s'il est étranger. Autrement dit, sous peine de devoir subir le supplice de notre xénophobie ou de notre racisme, il ne faudrait surtout pas qu'il ait la mauvaise idée de se fixer, de se sédentariser auprès de nous, parmi nous, pour être finalement des nôtres et, par conséquent, perdre sa couronne royale.À PROPOS DE L'AUTEURJean Marie François Biagui est le président-fondateur du Mouvement pour le Fédéralisme et la Démocratie Constitutionnels (MFDC-fédéraliste) et ancien secrétaire général du Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance (MFDC). Ancien Élève de l'École Supérieure Internationale d'Administration des Entreprises (ESIAE) – Rhône-Alpes (du groupe ESAE & EDC Paris), son sujet de Mémoire de fin d'études s'intitule : « De la question des besoins essentiels en Afrique Noire et des problèmes relatifs au transfert de technologie ».
Published: 2018

117. Avis de décès : Le mensonge est mort en Casamance

Author: Jean Marie François Biagui and Jean Marie François Biagui
Abstract: « Je veux que ce soit toi, et personne d'autre, qui transcrive en français mon histoire du maquis… »Ces mots étaient du fondateur de ATIKA, la branche armée du Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance (MFDC), Sidy Badji. Il les avait prononcés en octobre 1997 devant une assistance tout acquise à sa cause, à l'intention de l'auteur qui venait de le rencontrer pour la première fois dans sa résidence surveillée, à Ziguinchor. Décédé le 26 mai 2003, Sidy Badji n'avait pu réaliser son vœu avec ce dernier, qui se vit alors investi d'une mission impossible. C'est donc par dépit, faute de mieux, que l'auteur propose cette esquisse d'une histoire de la rébellion casamançaise telle que Sidy Badji ne l'aurait pas contée, en tant que sa modeste contribution à l'écriture de quelque page de cette partie sombre de l'histoire de la Casamance, et partant du Sénégal, non sans fonder son espoir que des voix autorisées écriront un jour la véritable histoire de la rébellion casamançaise selon Sidy Badji.Esquisse d'une histoire de la rébellion casamançaise telle que Sidy Badji ne l'aurait pas contée, l'auteur est l'ancien secrétaire général du Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance (MFDC).EXTRAITIl existe des signes annonciateurs qui n'augurent jamais rien de bon, tels que : les frustrations multiples accumulées depuis des années en Casamance par les populations face aux manquements républicains de l'administration à leur égard ; le manque de communication ou de dialogue francs et sincères entre les autorités et les populations casamançaises, outrageusement suppléé par le mépris à l'endroit de ces dernières de la part d'une administration nantie, dans la région Sud du Sénégal, de la fâcheuse particularité de n'avoir pas pour mission d'administrer la Casamance ; le tout, bien évidemment et fort malheureusement, exacerbé par un enclavement de la Casamance de plus en plus insupportable : la Gambie se dresse davantage comme un mur qui sépare littéralement la région Sud du reste du pays, alors que la desserte de la Casamance par les airs comme par la voie fluviomaritime devient plus que jamais un produit de luxe pour les usagers de tous bords.À PROPOS DE L'AUTEURJean Marie François Biagui est le président-fondateur du Mouvement pour le Fédéralisme et la Démocratie Constitutionnels (MFDC-fédéraliste) et ancien secrétaire général du Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance (MFDC). Ancien Élève de l'École Supérieure Internationale d'Administration des Entreprises (ESIAE) – Rhône-Alpes (du groupe ESAE & EDC Paris), son sujet de Mémoire de fin d'études s'intitule : « De la question des besoins essentiels en Afrique Noire et des problèmes relatifs au transfert de technologie ».
Published: 2018

118. Previous radiation for prostate neoplasm alters surgical and oncologic outcomes after rectal cancer surgery

Author: Bertrand Leroy, Marlène Guandalino, Anne Dubois, Denis Pezet, Emmanuel Buc, Laurent Guy, Johan Gagnière, Olivier Antomarchi, Aurélien Dupré, and Marie François
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Colorectal surgery, Surgery, Prostate cancer, Oncology, medicine, Prostate neoplasm, business, Survival rate, Chemoradiotherapy, Neoadjuvant therapy
Abstract: Background Previous radiation for prostate cancer (PC) contra-indicates neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer (RC) because of risk of cumulative radiation dose toxicity. Postoperative outcomes after proctectomy have not been well studied in these patients who did not receive optimal treatment. Methods Eighty-four consecutive male patients underwent surgery for stage II–III mid or low RC between 2002 and 2011. Patients who previously received radiation for PC (n = 8) and patients who had not previously undergone radiation for PC but who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for RC (n = 64) were retrospectively compared. Results Previous radiation for PC was an independent factor that significantly increased intraoperative (25% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.002) and postoperative morbidities (62.5% vs. 28.1%, P = 0.028), anastomotic leakage (62.5% vs. 12.5%, P
Published: 2015

119. Crystallographic studies of the structured core domain of Knr4 fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Author: Patrick Tondl, Sylviane Julien, Fabien Durand, Herman van Tilbeurgh, Adilia Dagkessamanskaia, Laurent Maveyraud, Hélène Martin-Yken, Lionel Mourey, Didier Zerbib, Jean Marie François, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Amiénois de Mathématique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LAMFA), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de biochimie et biophysique moléculaire et cellulaire (IBBMC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biochimie de l'Ecole polytechnique (BIOC), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale IPBS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ), Fonction et Architecture des Assemblages Macromoléculaires ( FAAM ), Département Biochimie, Biophysique et Biologie Structurale ( B3S ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Ultraviolet Rays, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Static Electricity, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biophysics, cell-wall biogenesis regulation, Crystallography, X-Ray, Intrinsically disordered proteins, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Research Communications, law.invention, hub proteins, Structural Biology, law, Static electricity, Genetics, medicine, Molecule, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cloning, Molecular, Crystallization, Escherichia coli, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology, Resolution (electron density), intrinsically disordered protein, Condensed Matter Physics, biology.organism_classification, Recombinant Proteins, Protein Structure, Tertiary, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Crystallography, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, hub protein, Recombinant DNA, intrinsically disordered proteins, Transcription Factors
Abstract: The potentially structured core domain of the intrinsically disordered protein Knr4 fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae, comprising residues 80–340, was expressed inEscherichia coliand crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Selenomethionine-containing (SeMet) protein was also purified and crystallized. Crystals of both proteins belonged to space groupP6522, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 112.44,c= 265.21 Å for the native protein anda = b = 112.49,c= 262.21 Å for the SeMet protein, and diffracted to 3.50 and 3.60 Å resolution, respectively. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit related by a twofold axis. The anomalous signal of selenium was recorded and yielded an electron-density map of sufficient quality to allow the identification of secondary-structure elements.
Published: 2015

120. Mapping HA-tagged protein at the surface of living cells by atomic force microscopy

Author: C. Formosa, Céline Galés, Raphaël E. Duval, Marie-Pierre Rols, V. Lachaize, Hélène Martin-Yken, Jean Marie François, and Etienne Dague
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, biology, medicine.drug_class, Chinese hamster ovary cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Force spectroscopy, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Monoclonal antibody, biology.organism_classification, Epitope, 03 medical and health sciences, Biochemistry, Structural Biology, medicine, biology.protein, 0210 nano-technology, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, G protein-coupled receptor
Abstract: Single-molecule force spectroscopy using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is more and more used to detect and map receptors, enzymes, adhesins, or any other molecules at the surface of living cells. To be specific, this technique requires antibodies or ligands covalently attached to the AFM tip that can specifically interact with the protein of interest. Unfortunately, specific antibodies are usually lacking (low affinity and specificity) or are expensive to produce (monoclonal antibodies). An alternative strategy is to tag the protein of interest with a peptide that can be recognized with high specificity and affinity with commercially available antibodies. In this context, we chose to work with the human influenza hemagglutinin (HA) tag (YPYDVPDYA) and labeled two proteins: covalently linked cell wall protein 12 (Ccw12) involved in cell wall remodeling in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in higher eukaryotes. We first described the interaction between HA antibodies, immobilized on AFM tips, and HA epitopes, immobilized on epoxy glass slides. Using our system, we then investigated the distribution of Ccw12 proteins over the cell surface of the yeast S. cerevisiae. We were able to find the tagged protein on the surface of mating yeasts, at the tip of the mating projections. Finally, we could unfold multimers of β2-AR from the membrane of living transfected chinese hamster ovary cells. This result is in agreement with GPCR oligomerization in living cell membranes and opens the door to the study of the influence of GPCR ligands on the oligomerization process.
Published: 2014

121. Alteration of intestinal barrier function during activity-based anorexia in mice

Author: Jean-Claude do Rego, Marie François, Sergueï O. Fetissov, Charlène Guérin, Moïse Coëffier, Wassila Ouelaa, Lina Riachy, Moutaz Aziz, Pierre Jésus, and Pierre Déchelotte
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anorexia, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Permeability, Cachexia, Mice, Occludin, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Internal medicine, Claudin-1, Weight Loss, mental disorders, medicine, Animals, Intestinal Mucosa, Barrier function, Nutrition and Dietetics, Tight junction, business.industry, Malnutrition, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Intestines, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Eating disorders, Endocrinology, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Anorexia nervosa is a severe eating disorder often leading to malnutrition and cachexia, but its pathophysiology is still poorly defined. Chronic food restriction during anorexia nervosa may induce gut barrier dysfunction, which may contribute to disease development and its complications. Here we have characterized intestinal barrier function in mice with activity-based anorexia (ABA), an animal model of anorexia nervosa.Male C57Bl/6 ABA or limited food access (LFA) mice were placed respectively in cages with or without activity wheel. After 5 days of acclimatization, both ABA and LFA mice had progressively limited access to food from 6 h/d at day 6 to 3 h/d at day 9 and until the end of experiment at day 17. A group of pair-fed mice (PF) was also compared to ABA.On day 17, food intake was lower in ABA than LFA mice (2.0 ± 0.18 g vs. 3.0 ± 0.14 g, p 0.001) and weight loss was more pronounced in ABA and PF compared to LFA mice (23.6 ± 1.6% and 24.7 ± 0.7% vs. 16.5 ± 1.2%; p 0.05). Colonic histology showed decreased thickness of the muscularis layer in ABA compared to LFA mice (p 0.05). Colonic permeability was increased in both ABA and PF compared to LFA mice (p 0.05) but jejunal paracellular permeability was not affected. Expression of claudin-1 in the colon was lower in the ABA than the LFA group (p 0.05), whereas occludin expression remained unaffected.Increased colonic permeability and histological alterations found in ABA mice suggest that intestinal barrier dysfunction may also occur in anorexia nervosa. The role of these alterations in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa should be further evaluated.
Published: 2014

122. Avis de décès : Le mensonge est mort en Casamance

Author: Biagui, Jean Marie François, Biagui, Jean Marie François, Biagui, Jean Marie François, and Biagui, Jean Marie François
Abstract: «Je veux que ce soit toi, et personne d’autre, qui transcrive en français mon histoire du maquis…» Ces mots étaient du fondateur de ATIKA, la branche armée du Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance (MFDC), Sidy Badji. Il les avait prononcés en octobre 1997 devant une assistance tout acquise à sa cause, à l’intention de l’auteur (*) qui venait de le rencontrer pour la première fois dans sa résidence surveillée, à Ziguinchor. Décédé le 26 mai 2003, Sidy Badji n’avait pu réaliser son vœu avec ce dernier, qui se vit alors investi d’une mission impossible. C’est donc par dépit, faute de mieux, que l’auteur propose cette Esquisse d’une histoire de la rébellion casamançaise telle que Sidy Badji ne l’aurait pas contée, en tant que sa modeste contribution à l’écriture de quelque page de cette partie sombre de l’histoire de la Casamance, et partant du Sénégal, non sans fonder son espoir que des voix autorisées écriront un jour la véritable histoire de la rébellion casamançaise selon Sidy Badji.
Published: 2015

123. Genetics-based manipulation of adipose tissue sympathetic innervation

Author: Sangho Yu, Heike Münzberg, Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, Marie François, and Emily Qualls-Creekmore
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Sympathetic nervous system, Sympathetic Nervous System, business.industry, Adipose Tissue, White, Adipose tissue, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, White adipose tissue, Neuromodulation (medicine), Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Parasympathetic nervous system, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Genetic Techniques, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Peripheral nervous system, Brown adipose tissue, medicine, Animals, business, Neuroscience, Thermogenesis
Abstract: There is renewed interest in leveraging the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) to improve energy balance and prevent obesity. In addition to these effects on energy expenditure, both BAT and WAT secrete large numbers of hormones and cytokines that play important roles in maintaining metabolic health. Both BAT and WAT are densely innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and this innervation is crucial for BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning, making it a potentially interesting target for manipulating energy balance and treatment of obesity and metabolic disease. Peripheral neuromodulation in the form of electrical manipulation of the SNS and parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) has been used for the management of pain and many other conditions, but progress is hampered by lack of detailed knowledge of function-specific neurons and nerves innervating particular organs and tissues. Therefore, the goal of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund project "Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC)" is to comprehensively map both anatomical and neurochemical aspects of the peripheral nervous system in animal model systems to ultimately guide optimal neuromodulation strategies in humans. Compared to electrical manipulation, neuron-specific opto- and chemogenetic manipulation, now being extensively used to decode the function of brain circuits, will further increase the functional specificity of peripheral neuromodulation.
Published: 2017

124. Galanin-Expressing GABA Neurons in the Lateral Hypothalamus Modulate Food Reward and Noncompulsive Locomotion

Author: Sangho Yu, Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, David H. Burk, Heike Münzberg, Marie François, Annadora J. Bruce-Keller, Christopher D. Morrison, John Hoang, Emily Qualls-Creekmore, and Clara Huesing
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Lateral hypothalamus, Nerve net, Neuropeptide, Galanin, Motor Activity, Locomotor activity, gamma-Aminobutyric acid, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, medicine, Animals, Clozapine, Research Articles, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Neurons, Neurotransmitter Agents, General Neuroscience, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Ventral tegmental area, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Food, Hypothalamic Area, Lateral, Compulsive Behavior, GABAergic, Conditioning, Operant, Nerve Net, Psychology, Energy Metabolism, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, psychological phenomena and processes, medicine.drug, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract: The lateral hypothalamus (LHA) integrates reward and appetitive behavior and is composed of many overlapping neuronal populations. Recent studies associated LHA GABAergic neurons (LHA GABA ), which densely innervate the ventral tegmental area (VTA), with modulation of food reward and consumption; yet, LHA GABA projections to the VTA exclusively modulated food consumption, not reward. We identified a subpopulation of LHA GABA neurons that coexpress the neuropeptide galanin (LHA Gal ). These LHA Gal neurons also modulate food reward, but lack direct VTA innervation. We hypothesized that LHA Gal neurons may represent a subpopulation of LHA GABA neurons that mediates food reward independent of direct VTA innervation. We used chemogenetic activation of LHA Gal or LHA GABA neurons in mice to compare their role in feeding behavior. We further analyzed locomotor behavior to understand how differential VTA connectivity and transmitter release in these LHA neurons influences this behavior. LHA Gal or LHA GABA neuronal activation both increased operant food-seeking behavior, but only activation of LHA GABA neurons increased overall chow consumption. Additionally, LHA Gal or LHA GABA neuronal activation similarly induced locomotor activity, but with striking differences in modality. Activation of LHA GABA neurons induced compulsive-like locomotor behavior; while LHA Gal neurons induced locomotor activity without compulsivity. Thus, LHA Gal neurons define a subpopulation of LHA GABA neurons without direct VTA innervation that mediate noncompulsive food-seeking behavior. We speculate that the striking difference in compulsive-like locomotor behavior is also based on differential VTA innervation. The downstream neural network responsible for this behavior and a potential role for galanin as neuromodulator remains to be identified.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The lateral hypothalamus (LHA) regulates motivated feeding behavior via GABAergic LHA neurons. The molecular identity of LHA GABA neurons is heterogeneous and largely undefined. Here we introduce LHA Gal neurons as a subset of LHA GABA neurons that lack direct innervation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). LHA Gal neurons are sufficient to drive motivated feeding and locomotor activity similar to LHA GABA neurons, but without inducing compulsive-like behaviors, which we propose to require direct VTA innervation. Our study integrates galanin-expressing LHA neurons into our current understanding of the neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms of the LHA that contribute to motivated feeding behaviors.
Published: 2017

125. A new function for the yeast trehalose-6P synthase (Tps1) protein, as key pro-survival factor during growth, chronological ageing, and apoptotic stress

Author: Marie-Ange Teste, Marjorie Petitjean, Jean Marie François, Isabelle Léger-Silvestre, Jean-Luc Parrou, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire eucaryote (LBME), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Doctoral grant from the French Ministry of Education and Research., Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Exonucleases, Aging, Programmed cell death, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, interaction génétique, résistance au stress, Apoptosis, yeast, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chronological life span, oxidative stress, NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases, anti-apoptotic, tréhalose, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, levure, Caspase, trehalose, apoptose, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, ATP synthase, biology, gene interaction, Hydrogen Peroxide, biology.organism_classification, Endonucleases, Trehalose, Yeast, Cell biology, ATP, 030104 developmental biology, acetic acid, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Biochemistry, Glucosyltransferases, Caspases, biology.protein, TPS1, Intracellular, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Looking back to our recent work that challenged the paradigm of trehalose in stress resistance in yeast, our objective was to revisit the role of this disaccharide in chronological life span (CLS), and in the control of apoptosis. Using a catalytically dead variant of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (Tps1) protein, (the first enzyme in the trehalose biosynthetic pathway), and by manipulating intracellular trehalose independently of this pathway, we demonstrated that trehalose has no role in CLS or in the inhibition of acetic acid or H 20 2-triggered cell death. We showed instead that, in the absence of any apoptotic stimulus, the Tps1 protein itself was necessary in preventing massive, spontaneous commitment of yeast cells to apoptosis during growth. Without Tps1p, the life span was shortened and cells were sensitized to acetic acid (AA) and H 20 2, whereas the overexpression of the inactive variant of Tps1p almost abolished AA-triggered apoptosis. Genetic interaction analysis of TPS1 and genes such as YCA1, NUC1 and AIF1 indicated that these key executioners of cell death partially relayed tps1Δ-triggered signaling. Our results suggested that the pro-survival role of Tps1p could be connected with its ability to preserve ATP levels in yeast cells.
Published: 2017

126. Paraspeckles as rhythmic nuclear mRNA anchorages responsible for circadian gene expression

Author: Mathias Moreno, Marie-Pierre Blanchard, Jean-Louis Franc, Manon Torres, Bénédicte Boyer, Denis Becquet, Anne-Marie François-Bellan, Séverine Guillen, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Regulation of gene expression, Genetics, Cell Nucleus, Extra View, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Circadian clock, RNA, Paraspeckle, Cell Biology, Biology, Paraspeckles, Circadian Rhythm, 03 medical and health sciences, Cell nucleus, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Pituitary Gland, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, Circadian rhythm, RNA, Messenger, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Circadian clocks regulate rhythmic gene expression levels by means of mRNA oscillations that are mainly driven by post-transcriptional regulation. We identified a new post-transcriptional mechanism, which involves nuclear bodies called paraspeckles. Major components of paraspeckles including the long noncoding RNA Neat1, which is the structural component, and its major protein partners, as well as the number of paraspeckles, follow a circadian pattern in pituitary cells. Paraspeckles are known to retain within the nucleus RNAs containing inverted repeats of Alu sequences. We showed that a reporter gene in which these RNA duplex elements were inserted in the 3'-UTR region displayed a circadian expression. Moreover, circadian endogenous mRNA associated with paraspeckles lost their circadian pattern when paraspeckles were disrupted. This work not only highlights a new paraspeckle-based post-transcriptional mechanism involved in circadian gene expression but also provides the list of all mRNA associated with paraspeckles in the nucleus of pituitary cells.
Published: 2017

127. Construction of a synthetic metabolic pathway for biosynthesis of the non-natural methionine precursor 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid

Author: Isabelle André, Luce Lozano-Huguet, Christopher M. Topham, Audrey Baylac, Magali Remaud-Simeon, Nathalie Tarrat, Nelly Martineau, Clément Auriol, Hélène Cordier, Marc Maestracci, Marion Stodel, Romain Irague, Clémentine Dressaire, Jean Marie François, Thomas Walther, Yannick Malbert, Robert Huet, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), Surfaces, Interfaces et Nano-Objets (CEMES-SINanO), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adisseo France SAS, ANR-10-BTBR-05-01, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), ANR-10-BTBR-0005,SYNTHACS,Biologie Synthétique pour la synthèse de molécules chimiques à haute valeur ajoutée à partir de ressources carbonées renouvelables(2010), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Francois, Jean-Marie
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Models, Molecular, voie métabolique, General Physics and Astronomy, Reductase, synthon, chemistry.chemical_compound, Methionine, Malate Dehydrogenase, acide butyrique, Butylene Glycols, isobutyric acid, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, Aldehyde Oxidoreductases, Butyrates, Process Engineering, Biochemistry, Metabolic Engineering, plasmide, Thermodynamics, Synthetic Biology, animal feeding, escherichia coli, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, aspartate kinase, aspartyl kinase, alimentation animale, Science, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Metabolic engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, Biosynthesis, plasmid, Aspartate kinase, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Génie des procédés, malate, Phosphotransferases, Rational design, General Chemistry, metabolic pathway, Metabolic pathway, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, Glucose, chemistry, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Abstract: 2,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid (DHB) is a molecule with considerable potential as a versatile chemical synthon. Notably, it may serve as a precursor for chemical synthesis of the methionine analogue 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate, thus, targeting a considerable market in animal nutrition. However, no natural metabolic pathway exists for the biosynthesis of DHB. Here we have therefore conceived a three-step metabolic pathway for the synthesis of DHB starting from the natural metabolite malate. The pathway employs previously unreported malate kinase, malate semialdehyde dehydrogenase and malate semialdehyde reductase activities. The kinase and semialdehyde dehydrogenase activities were obtained by rational design based on structural and mechanistic knowledge of candidate enzymes acting on sterically cognate substrates. Malate semialdehyde reductase activity was identified from an initial screening of several natural enzymes, and was further improved by rational design. The pathway was expressed in a minimally engineered Escherichia coli strain and produces 1.8 g l−1 DHB with a molar yield of 0.15., 2,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid has potential to be a precursor to a range of industrially important products, however a natural metabolic pathway for its synthesis does not exist. Here the authors rationally design a synthetic pathway in E. coli by engineering enzymes from malate metabolism.
Published: 2017

128. Evidence for an internal and functional circadian clock in rat pituitary cells

Author: Thierry Brue, Mathias Moreno, Bénédicte Boyer, Jean-Louis Franc, Denis Becquet, Ramahefarizo Rasolonjanahary, Séverine Guillen, Anne-Marie François-Bellan, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions cellulaires neuroendocriniennes (ICN), and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Lactotrophs, Photoperiod, Period (gene), Primary Cell Culture, Circadian clock, Endogeny, Biology, Biochemistry, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Endocrinology, Biological Clocks, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Transgenes, Circadian rhythm, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Oscillating gene, Molecular Biology, Gene, ARNTL Transcription Factors, Prolactin, Circadian Rhythm, Rats, Gene Expression Regulation, Cell culture, Pituitary Gland
Abstract: International audience; In primary cultures of rat pituitary cells and in a pituitary sommatolactotroph cell line (GH4C1), endogenous core-clock- as well as hormone-genes such as prolactin displayed a rhythmic expression pattern, fitted by a sinusoidal equation in which the period value was close to the circadian one. This is consistent with the presence of a functional circadian oscillator in pituitary cells whose importance was ascertained in GH4C1 cell lines stably expressing a dominant negative mutant of BMAL1. In these cells, both endogenous core-clock- and prolactin-genes no more displayed a circadian pattern. Some genes we recently identified as mouse pituitary BMAL1-regulated genes in a DNA-microarray study, lost their circadian pattern in these cells, suggesting that BMAL1 controlled these genes locally in the pituitary. The intra-pituitary circadian oscillator could then play a role in the physiology of the gland that would not be seen anymore as a structure only driven by hypothalamic rhythmic control.
Published: 2014

129. Le Classique et le Romantique

Author: Pierre-Marie-François Baour-Lormian and Pierre-Marie-François Baour-Lormian
Abstract: Le classique, traversant le jardin du Luxembourg, aperçoit au détour d'une allée un individu qui tantôt marche à pas précipités, tantôt s'arrête, regarde le ciel, gesticule et pousse de profonds soupirs ; plein d'ètonnement, il s'approche, regarde et s'écrie : LE CLASSIQUE. Eh, c'est vous, cher Nicaud! LE ROMANTIQUE. Ce nom n'est plus le mien ; Il était fort vulgaire, et ne rimait à rien ; J'avais besoin d'un nom vaporeux et sonore ; On m'appelle à présent Monsieur de Silphiclore, LE CLASSIQUE. Fruit d'une sélection réalisée au sein des fonds de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, Collection XIX a pour ambition de faire découvrir des textes classiques et moins classiques dans les meilleures éditions du XIXe siècle.
Published: 2016

130. L'institutrice désavouée : Roman

Author: Jacques Marie François Niang and Jacques Marie François Niang
Subjects: Women teachers--Senegal--Fiction, School attendance--Senegal--Fiction
Abstract: Enseignante à Dakar, Madame Ndiaye est mutée dans une zone rurale où elle doit tenir la classe de CM2 de l'école publique du village. L'institutrice est confrontée à une dure réalité : l'absentéisme des élèves. Fils de paysans et d'éleveurs, ces derniers abandonnent les cours au profit des champs et des pâturages. Madame Ndiaye décide de prendre ce problème à bras le corps.
Published: 2016

131. Les Remontrances du parterre, etc. - Par M. Bellemare, ci-devant Jérôme Le Franc, ci-devant commissaire général de police à Anvers, réfutées par M. H. D., ôtage de Louis XVI

Author: Pierre-Marie-François Huvier-Desfontenelles and Pierre-Marie-François Huvier-Desfontenelles
Abstract: LES Remontrances du Parterre ; ce titre est bannal et assez insignifiant. Le vrai titre est : Lettre d'un homme qui n'est rien et qui enrage de n'être rien, et qui malheureusement n'a pas été rien sous Buonaparte, à ceux qui ne sont rien comme lui, à ceux qui sont encore quelque chose, et qui craignent de n'être rien, parce que dans le fait ils mériteraient de n'être rien. Voilà donc déjà un titre extrêmement faux. Eh bien! le pamflet est encore plus faux. Fruit d'une sélection réalisée au sein des fonds de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, Collection XIX a pour ambition de faire découvrir des textes classiques et moins classiques dans les meilleures éditions du XIXe siècle.
Published: 2016

132. Urbanization of the peripheral areas of Meknès (Morocco) and the conversion of agricultural land: Case study of the Naïji agricultural cooperative

Author: Judicaël Azodjilande, Jean-Pierre Chéry, Marie François, Elodie Valette, Marta Debolini, Mohammed El Amrani, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), ECOLE NATIONALE D'AGRICULTURE DE MEKNES MAR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and ANR-2010-STRA-007,Végé-Culture,Mesure des performances de systèmes complexes à base de plantes à multiplication végétative en zone tropicale humide
Subjects: politiques foncie`res, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, land policy, urbanization, urban agriculture, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 0502 economics and business, Land policy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, urbanisation, agriculture urbaine, 05 social sciences, land use, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, Forestry, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Maroc, Morocco, Geography, 13. Climate action, usage du sol, 8. Economic growth, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, 050212 sport, leisure & tourism
Abstract: This paper presents and analyses land use changes in the periurban areas of Meknes, Morocco, focusing on disappearing fertile and productive farmland. Although identified by the Moroccan public policies, the concern for periurban farmland protection is not the government’s first priority. It remains behind economic development and housing of lowincomes. In Meknes, where land tenure remains very complex, urban growth is impacting high-quality-soil farmland while the land market is characterised by increasing farmland values and weak public policy regulation. As an example, this paper focuses on the casestudy of the Naı¨ji cooperative stemming from the land reform and on the land strategies of the farmers.; L'article présente et analyse les changements de l'usage du sol en périphérie urbaine de Meknès au Maroc, dans un contexte de consommation de terres agricoles pourtant réputées fertiles et productives. La question de la préservation des terres agricoles situées à proximité du front d'urbanisation, si elle a été identifiée par les pouvoirs publics au Maroc, qu'ils soient nationaux ou locaux, n'est pas une préoccupation première de l'action publique, davantage centrée sur le développement économique et le logement des plus démunis. À Meknès, dans un contexte foncier complexe, la croissance urbaine s'opère sur des terres de haute qualité agronomique, au sein d'un marché très spéculatif. En guise d'illustration, l'article présente le cas particulier de la coopérative de la réforme agraire Naïji et des stratégies foncières de ses agriculteurs.
Published: 2013

133. Nanoscale Effects of Caspofungin against Two Yeast Species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans

Author: Jean Marie François, Raphaël E. Duval, Cécile Formosa, Marion Schiavone, Hélène Martin-Yken, Etienne Dague, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes (SRSMC), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ABC Platform, Équipe NanoBioSystèmes (LAAS-NBS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et Colloı̈dale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Antifungal Agents, beta-Glucans, BUDDING YEAST, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Antifungal drug, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Echinocandins, chemistry.chemical_compound, Caspofungin, Cell Wall, Candida albicans, Nanotechnology, Pharmacology (medical), 0303 health sciences, Corpus albicans, 3. Good health, ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Cell Division, SURFACE, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, Microbiology, POLYSACCHARIDES, Cell wall, Lipopeptides, 03 medical and health sciences, QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, Elastic Modulus, Cell Adhesion, MOTHER-BUD NECK, Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects, ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 030306 microbiology, CELL-WALL ARCHITECTURE, ALS GENE FAMILY, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, chemistry, CHITIN, Cytokinesis
Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans are model yeasts for biotechnology and human health, respectively. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to explore the effects of caspofungin, an antifungal drug used in hospitals, on these two species. Our nanoscale investigation revealed similar, but also different, behaviors of the two yeasts in response to treatment with the drug. While administration of caspofungin induced deep cell wall remodeling in both yeast species, as evidenced by a dramatic increase in chitin and decrease in β-glucan content, changes in cell wall composition were more pronounced with C. albicans cells. Notably, the increase of chitin was proportional to the increase in the caspofungin dose. In addition, the Young modulus of the cell was three times lower for C. albicans cells than for S. cerevisiae cells and increased proportionally with the increase of chitin, suggesting differences in the molecular organization of the cell wall between the two yeast species. Also, at a low dose of caspofungin (i.e., 0.5× MIC), the cell surface of C. albicans exhibited a morphology that was reminiscent of cells expressing adhesion proteins. Interestingly, this morphology was lost at high doses of the drug (i.e., 4× MIC). However, the treatment of S. cerevisiae cells with high doses of caspofungin resulted in impairment of cytokinesis. Altogether, the use of AFM for investigating the effects of antifungal drugs is relevant in nanomedicine, as it should help in understanding their mechanisms of action on fungal cells, as well as unraveling unexpected effects on cell division and fungal adhesion.
Published: 2013

134. Modulation of helicobacter pylori transcriptional profile by subinhibitory concentrations of rifampicin

Author: Véronique Le Berre, A. Larin, T. Akopian, Jean-Marie François, V. Chelysheva, Kuvat Momynaliev, Serguei Sokol, O. Selezneva, V. Govorun, D. Alexeev, Biochip and Bionanotechnogy, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Helicobacter pylori, biology, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], selection, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], medicine, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, microarray, rpoB, Rifampicin, 030304 developmental biology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics do not kill bacteria, but they are able to interfere with important aspects of bacterial cell function, such as adhesion to host cells, surface bacterial energy, susceptibility to host defense mechanisms, inhibition of enzyme function and toxin production. In order to understand how H. pylori copes with environmental stress and what facilitates the emergence of RIF mutants in H. pylori, we used DNA microarrays to compare the gene expression profiles of H. pylori in the presence and absence of subinhibitory concentrations of rifampicin (1/16 MIC (0.1 mg/L), 1/8 MIC (0,2mg/L), ¼ MIC (0,4 mg/L), and ½ MIC (0,8 mg/L). We found that еhe expression of 57 genes (of the 1,576 genes analyzed) was increased more than ≥ 1,5-fold, and the expression of only 29 genes was decreased more than ≤ 1,5-fold in significant way (p-value < 0,05), when H. pylori was treated with sub-MICs of RIF. No correlation was found between the sub-MICs of RIF and gene expression. We conclude that the alteration in the transcriptional pattern of H. pylori after the exposure to sub-MICs of RIF is mainly due to a direct interaction between rifampicin and the RNA polymerase β-subunit. Finally, we propose that subinhibitory concentrations of rifampicin may lead to an increase in the number of hypermutable cells in the H. pylori population.
Published: 2013

135. Urbanisation des terres agricoles : ressorts, dynamiques, et impacts sur l'agriculture à la périphérie de Meknès

Author: Marta Debolini, Elodie Valette, Marie François, and Abdellaoui El Hassane
Subjects: Terre agricole, Cultural Studies, History, Literature and Literary Theory, Sociology and Political Science, Urbanisation, Zone périurbaine, E40 - Coopératives, accès à la terre, Political science, E50 - Sociologie rurale, Utilisation des terres, A01 - Agriculture - Considérations générales, B10 - Géographie, E11 - Économie et politique foncières, Gestion foncière, Politique foncière, coopérative, Political Science and International Relations, Law, Humanities
Abstract: Au Maroc, la croissance démographique s'accompagne d'une expansion notable des espaces urbains au détriment des espaces ruraux et agricoles, impliquant des concurrences d'activités et d'usages en périphérie urbaine. En dépit de réglementations telle que la loi 12.90 relative à l'urbanisme, préconisant le principe de la préservation des terres agricoles à haute productivité, de l'urbanisation et des usages autres qu'agricoles, les terres agricoles sont menacées par la pression urbaine. En outre, les superficie ouvertes à l'urbanisation ne répondent souvent à aucun besoin réel d'espace mais obéissent seulement à des logiques spéculatives. Les politiques publiques d'éradication des constructions clandestines, des bidonvilles et des logements insalubres ont ainsi été le point de départ d'une mobilisation du foncier parfois à outrance et parfois détournée. Cet article propose d'interroger les processus de la consommation des terres agricoles en périphérie de la ville de Meknès, en se focalisant sur les acteurs et les dispositifs influant cette urbanisation.
Published: 2013

136. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB signaling regulates daily astroglial plasticity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: Electron-microscopic evidence in mouse

Author: Olivier Bosler, Denis Becquet, Anne-Marie François-Bellan, Marie-Jeanne Cabirol-Pol, Clémence Girardet, Bruno Lebrun, and Catherine Tardivel
Subjects: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 0303 health sciences, biology, Suprachiasmatic nucleus, Circadian clock, Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Neurology, Hypothalamus, biology.protein, medicine, sense organs, Receptor, Neuroscience, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, Neurotrophin, Astrocyte
Abstract: Synchronization of circadian rhythms to the 24-h light/dark (L/D) cycle a is associated with daily rearrangements of the neuronal-glial network of a the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), the central a master clock orchestrating biological functions in mammals. These a anatomical plastic events involve neurons synthesizing vasoactive a intestinal peptide (VIP), known as major integrators of photic signals a in the retinorecipient region of the SCN. Using an analog-sensitive a kinase allele murine model (TrkBF616A), we presently show that the a pharmacological blockade of the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type a B (TrkB), the high-affinity receptor of brain-derived neurotrophic a factor (BDNF), abolished day/night changes in the dendrite enwrapping of a VIP neurons by astrocytic processes (glial coverage), used as an index a of SCN plasticity on electron-microscopic sections. Therefore, the a BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway exerts a permissive role on the a ultrastructural rearrangements that occur in SCN under L/D alternance, a an action that could be a critical determinant of the well-established a role played by BDNF in the photic regulation of the SCN. In contrast, a the extent of glial coverage of non-VIP neighboring dendrites was not a different at daytime and nighttime in TrkBF616A mice submitted to TrkB a inactivation or not receiving any pharmacological treatment. These data a not only show that BDNF regulates SCN structural plasticity across the a 24-h cycle but also reinforce the view that the daily changes in SCN a architecture subserve the light synchronization process.
Published: 2013

137. Xylosylation as an effective means for reducing yeast growth inhibition by 2-phenylethanol

Author: Jean Marie François, Régis Fauré, Philippe Blanc, Gustavo M. de Billerbeck, and Haojun Zhang
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Glycosylation, biology, 030306 microbiology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, food and beverages, General Medicine, Xylose, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bioproduction, Yeast, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biochemistry, 010608 biotechnology, Growth inhibition, IC50, Flavor
Abstract: Microbial bioproduction processes of 2-phenylethanol, an important rose-like flavor and fragrance compound that occurs naturally in the essential oils of many flowers and plants, are hindered by the growth inhibition it exerts towards the producing microorganism, mainly yeast. We show here for the first time that glycosylation of 2-phenylethanol with xylose increased the inhibitory concentration inducing 50% decrease of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY4741 growth rate (IC50 ) from 14 mM (1.71 g/L) 2-phenylethanol (2PE) to 100 mM (25.5 g/L) 2-phenylethyl β-D-xylopyranoside (X-2PE). More interestingly, the IC10 was only 3 mM (0.37 g/L) for 2PE and 86 mM (21.9 g/L) for X-2PE. Xylosylation of 2-phenylethanol can offer therefore an effective means for reducing yeast growth inhibition in microbial bioproduction processes of this important flavor and fragrance compound.
Published: 2013

138. SAINT AUGUSTIN ET LE MYSTÈRE DU CHRIST CHEMIN, VÉRITÉ ET VIE: La Méditation théologique du Tractatus 69 in Iohannis Euangelium Sur Io. 14, 6a

Author: Berrouard, Marie-François
Published: 1991

139. Randomized Dose Range Study of a Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine Produced in Mammalian Cells and Containing the S and PreS2 Sequences

Author: Tron, François, Degos, Françoise, Bréchot, Christian, Couroucé, Anne-Marie, Goudeau, Alain, Marie, Francois-Noël, Adamowicz, Phillippe, Saliou, Pierre, Laplanche, Agnès, Benhamou, Jean-Pierre, and Girard, Marc
Published: 1989

140. Advice-Giving Dialogue: An Integrated System

Author: Bronisz, Didier, Grossi, Thomas, Jean-Marie, Francois, Commission of the European Communities, and Directorate-General Telecommunications Information Industries and Innovation
Published: 1989
Full Text: View/download PDF

141. Automated and Multiplexed Soft Lithography for the Production of Low-Density DNA Microarrays

Author: Julie Fredonnet, Emmanuelle Trevisiol, Childérick Séverac, Jean Marie François, Jean-Christophe Cau, Julie Foncy, ITAV, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Innospys SAS, Dendris SAS, Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Institut des Technologies Avancées en sciences du Vivant (ITAV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Trévisiol, Emmanuelle
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, microcontact printing, Materials science, Fabrication, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomedical Engineering, automation, dedicated microarrays, hybridization, multiplexing, soft lithography, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, Multiplexing, hybridation adn, Soft lithography, Article, lcsh:Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Low density, lcsh:QD415-436, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Molecular biology, Fluorescence intensity, 030104 developmental biology, Complementary sequences, Microcontact printing, génotypage, DNA microarray, 0210 nano-technology, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Microarrays are established research tools for genotyping, expression profiling, or molecular diagnostics in which DNA molecules are precisely addressed to the surface of a solid support. This study assesses the fabrication of low-density oligonucleotide arrays using an automated microcontact printing device, the InnoStamp 40(®). This automate allows a multiplexed deposition of oligoprobes on a functionalized surface by the use of a MacroStamp(TM) bearing 64 individual pillars each mounted with 50 circular micropatterns (spots) of 160 µm diameter at 320 µm pitch. Reliability and reuse of the MacroStamp(TM) were shown to be fast and robust by a simple washing step in 96% ethanol. The low-density microarrays printed on either epoxysilane or dendrimer-functionalized slides (DendriSlides) showed excellent hybridization response with complementary sequences at unusual low probe and target concentrations, since the actual probe density immobilized by this technology was at least 10-fold lower than with the conventional mechanical spotting. In addition, we found a comparable hybridization response in terms of fluorescence intensity between spotted and printed oligoarrays with a 1 nM complementary target by using a 50-fold lower probe concentration to produce the oligoarrays by the microcontact printing method. Taken together, our results lend support to the potential development of this multiplexed microcontact printing technology employing soft lithography as an alternative, cost-competitive tool for fabrication of low-density DNA microarrays.
Published: 2016

142. Increased Ghrelin but Low Ghrelin-Reactive Immunoglobulins in a Rat Model of Methotrexate Chemotherapy-Induced Anorexia

Author: Akio Inui, Nicolas Lucas, Naouel Tennoune, Marie François, Aurore Cravezic, Moïse Coëffier, Kuniko Takagi, Stephanie Beutheu, Pierre Déchelotte, Romain Legrand, Christine Bole-Feysot, Sergueï O. Fetissov, Jean-Claude do Rego, Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau (ADEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), TargEDys Rouen, Service Commun d'Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de nutrition [CHU Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University, This work was supported from the EU INTERREG IVA 2 SeasProgram (7-003-FR_TC2N)., Duchange, Nathalie, Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-High-tech Research Infrastructures for Life Sciences (HeRacLeS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and douville, sabine
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, medicine.drug_class, autoantibodies, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:TX341-641, Anorexia, Peptide hormone, chemotherapy, Anxiolytic, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Orexigenic, intestinal inflammation, medicine, Nutrition, Original Research, media_common, Nutrition and Dietetics, Chemistry, Stomach, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Appetite, 3. Good health, MESH: chemotherapy, intestina inflammation, anorexia, ghrelin, autoantibodies, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, anorexia, ghrelin, Anorectic, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Ghrelin, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Food Science, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Background and aims: Cancer chemotherapy is commonly accompanied by mucositis, anorexia, weight loss, and anxiety independently from cancer-induced anorexia–cachexia, further aggravating clinical outcome. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone produced in gastric mucosa that reaches the brain to stimulate appetite. In plasma, ghrelin is protected from degradation by ghrelin-reactive immunoglobulins (Ig). To analyze possible involvement of ghrelin in the chemotherapy-induced anorexia and anxiety, gastric ghrelin expression, plasma levels of ghrelin, and ghrelin-reactive IgG were studied in rats treated with methotrexate (MTX).Methods: Rats received MTX (2.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) for three consecutive days and were killed 3 days later, at the peak of anorexia and weight loss. Control rats received phosphate-buffered saline. Preproghrelin mRNA expression in the stomach was analyzed by in situ hybridization. Plasma levels of ghrelin and ghrelin-reactive IgG were measured by immunoenzymatic assays and IgG affinity kinetics by surface plasmon resonance. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in MTX-treated anorectic and in control rats were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze and the forced-swim test, respectively.Results: In MTX-treated anorectic rats, the number of preproghrelin mRNA-producing cells was found increased (by 51.3%, p < 0.001) as well were plasma concentrations of both ghrelin and des-acyl-ghrelin (by 70.4%, p < 0.05 and 98.3%, p < 0.01, respectively). In contrast, plasma levels of total IgG reactive with ghrelin and des-acyl-ghrelin were drastically decreased (by 87.2 and 88.4%, respectively, both p < 0.001), and affinity kinetics of these IgG were characterized by increased small and big Kd, respectively. MTX-treated rats displayed increased anxiety- but not depression-like behavior.Conclusion: MTX-induced anorexia, weight loss, and anxiety are accompanied by increased ghrelin production and by a decrease of ghrelin-reactive IgG levels and affinity binding properties. Such changes of ghrelin-reactive IgG may underlie their decreased ghrelin-transporting capacities compromising ghrelin orexigenic and anxiolytic effects and contributing to chemotherapy-induced loss of appetite.
Published: 2016

143. Simultaneous production of glycolic acid via the glyoxylate shunt and the synthetic (D)-xylulose-1 phosphate pathway increases product yield

Author: Jean Marie François, Thomas Walther, Debora Trichez, Ceren Alkim, Lucie Spina, Yvan Cam, Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Glyoxylate cycle, technology, industry, and agriculture, Bioengineering, General Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, Phosphate, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 010608 biotechnology, Yield (chemistry), Organic chemistry, D-Xylulose, Molecular Biology, Glycolic acid, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biotechnology
Abstract: Glycolic acid (GA) is an alpha-hydroxy acid with a wide range of chemical and pharmaceutical applications...
Published: 2016

144. Evidence for a Role for the Plasma Membrane in the Nanomechanical Properties of the Cell Wall as Revealed by an Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeto Ethanol Stress

Author: Hélène Martin-Yken, Carolina Elsztein, Jean Marie François, Marion Schiavone, Marie-Ange Teste, Etienne Dague, Cécile Formosa-Dague, Marcos de Morais, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Region Midi Pyrenees [10051296], Direction Generale de l'Armement (DGA), CIFRE grant from ANRT, CAPES-FACEPE/PNPD program [681/2011, APQ-0201-2.02/10], Lallemand Inc., ANR-11-JSV5-0001,AFMYST,Etude Biophysique, biochimique et biomoléculaire de la paroi des levures.(2011), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Cell membrane, Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Wall, medicine, Transcription factor, Ethanol, Ecology, biology, Cell Membrane, Wild type, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, 030104 developmental biology, Membrane, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Biochemistry, chemistry, Biophysics, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: A wealth of biochemical and molecular data have been reported regarding ethanol toxicity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . However, direct physical data on the effects of ethanol stress on yeast cells are almost nonexistent. This lack of information can now be addressed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technology. In this report, we show that the stiffness of glucose-grown yeast cells challenged with 9% (vol/vol) ethanol for 5 h was dramatically reduced, as shown by a 5-fold drop of Young's modulus. Quite unexpectedly, a mutant deficient in the Msn2/Msn4 transcription factor, which is known to mediate the ethanol stress response, exhibited a low level of stiffness similar to that of ethanol-treated wild-type cells. Reciprocally, the stiffness of yeast cells overexpressing MSN2 was about 35% higher than that of the wild type but was nevertheless reduced 3- to 4-fold upon exposure to ethanol. Based on these and other data presented herein, we postulated that the effect of ethanol on cell stiffness may not be mediated through Msn2/Msn4, even though this transcription factor appears to be a determinant in the nanomechanical properties of the cell wall. On the other hand, we found that as with ethanol, the treatment of yeast with the antifungal amphotericin B caused a significant reduction of cell wall stiffness. Since both this drug and ethanol are known to alter, albeit by different means, the fluidity and structure of the plasma membrane, these data led to the proposition that the cell membrane contributes to the biophysical properties of yeast cells. IMPORTANCE Ethanol is the main product of yeast fermentation but is also a toxic compound for this process. Understanding the mechanism of this toxicity is of great importance for industrial applications. While most research has focused on genomic studies of ethanol tolerance, we investigated the effects of ethanol at the biophysical level and found that ethanol causes a strong reduction of the cell wall rigidity (or stiffness). We ascribed this effect to the action of ethanol perturbing the cell membrane integrity and hence proposed that the cell membrane contributes to the cell wall nanomechanical properties.
Published: 2016

145. High-fat diet increases ghrelin-expressing cells in stomach, contributing to obesity

Author: Charlène Guérin, Nicolas Lucas, Sergueï O. Fetissov, Saïda Azhar, Moïse Coëffier, Tomas Hökfelt, Mohammed el Dhaybi, Swapnali Barde, Marie François, Romain Legrand, Pierre Déchelotte, Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau (ADEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], CHU Rouen, and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Globulin, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, In situ hybridization, Diet, High-Fat, Immunoglobulin G, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Orexigenic, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Obesity, Autoantibodies, 2. Zero hunger, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, Stomach, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, medicine.disease, Ghrelin, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, High-fat diet, Gastric Mucosa, biology.protein, Antibody, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; ObjectivesMechanisms of high-fat diet (HFD)–induced obesity may involve ghrelin, an orexigenic and adipogenic hormone secreted by the stomach. Previous studies showed that obese subjects may display higher numbers of ghrelin-producing cells and increased affinity of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) for ghrelin, protecting it from degradation. The aim of this study was to determine if a HFD in mice would increase the number of ghrelin-expressing cells and affinity of ghrelin-reactive IgG.MethodsObesity in mice was induced by consumption of a 13-wk HFD. The number of preproghrelin mRNA-expressing cells in the stomach was analyzed by in situ hybridization and compared with chow-fed, nonobese controls and with genetically obese ob/ob mice. Affinity of ghrelin-reactive IgG was analyzed using surface plasmon resonance. Plasma levels of ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin were measured.ResultsHFD resulted in 30% of body fat content versus only 8% in controls (P < 0.001). The number of preproghrelin mRNA-producing cells was 15% (P < 0.05) higher in HFD-fed mice than in controls, contrasting with ob/ob mice, having a 41% (P < 0.001) decrease. Both models of obesity had normal plasma levels of ghrelin but a decrease of its des-acylated form. Ghrelin-reactive IgG affinity was found in the micromolar range with mean values of the dissociation equilibrium constant 1.5-fold (P < 0.05) lower in HFD-fed versus control mice.ConclusionResults from the present study showed that HFD in mice induces obesogenic changes, including increased numbers of ghrelin precursor-expressing cells and increased affinity of ghrelin-reactive IgG. Such changes may contribute to the mechanisms of HFD-induced obesity.
Published: 2016

146. Author response: Circadian RNA expression elicited by 3’-UTR IRAlu-paraspeckle associated elements

Author: Anne-Marie François-Bellan, Séverine Guillen, Mathias Moreno, Manon Torres, Marie-Pierre Blanchard, Denis Becquet, Bénédicte Boyer, and Jean-Louis Franc
Subjects: Rna expression, Three prime untranslated region, Paraspeckle, Circadian rhythm, Biology, Cell biology
Published: 2016

147. Gut commensal E. coli proteins activate host satiety pathways following nutrient-induced bacterial growth

Author: Fabienne Liénard, Naouel Tennoune, Jean-Claude do Rego, Xavier Fioramonti, Luc Pénicaud, Nicolas Lucas, Martine Pestel-Caron, Tomas Hökfelt, David Vaudry, Pierre Déchelotte, Charlène Guérin, Justine Jacquemot, Marie François, Johann Peltier, Jonathan Breton, Ivor S. Ebenezer, Sergueï O. Fetissov, Romain Legrand, Philippe Chan, Alexis Goichon, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau (ADEN), Groupe de Recherche sur les Antimicrobiens et les Micro-Organismes (GRAM 1.0), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Normandie Université (NU), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Tunis], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Portsmouth, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], EU INTERREG IVA 2 Seas Program 7-003-FR_TC2N Haute-Normandie Region, France Marie Curie CIG NeuROSens, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine ( IRIB ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau ( ADEN ), Groupe de Recherche sur les Antimicrobiens et les Micro-Organismes ( GRAM 1.0 ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Normandie Université ( NU ), CHU Charles Nicolle, CHU Rouen, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Plate-forme de Protéomique PISSARO, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Service Commun d'Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de nutrition [CHU Rouen], and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen
Subjects: Male, Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, intestinal microbiota, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, Physiology, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Pharmacy, Bacterial growth, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Satiety Response, in-vivo, Energy homeostasis, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mice, neuropeptide-y, Adenosine Triphosphate, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, arcuate nucleus, high-fat, Heat-Shock Proteins, media_common, Neurons, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Escherichia coli Proteins, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Endopeptidase Clp, food-intake, Amygdala, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Cell biology, Biochemistry, Proteome, Female, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, media_common.quotation_subject, Hypothalamus, 03 medical and health sciences, Escherichia coli, medicine, Animals, Peptide YY, Rats, Wistar, Molecular Biology, energy homeostasis, melanocortin-4 receptor, Appetite, Feeding Behavior, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Gastrointestinal Tract, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, glucagon-like peptide-1, escherichia-coli, CLPB, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: International audience; The composition of gut microbiota has been associated with host metabolic phenotypes, but it is not known if gut bacteria may influence host appetite. Here we show that regular nutrient provision stabilizes exponential growth of E. coli, with the stationary phase occurring 20 min after nutrient supply accompanied by bacterial proteome changes, suggesting involvement of bacterial proteins in host satiety. Indeed, intestinal infusions of E. coli stationary phase proteins increased plasma PYY and their intraperitoneal injections suppressed acutely food intake and activated c-Fos in hypothalamic POMC neurons, while their repeated administrations reduced meal size. ClpB, a bacterial protein mimetic of alpha-MSH, was upregulated in the E. coli stationary phase, was detected in plasma proportional to ClpB DNA in feces, and stimulated firing rate of hypothalamic POMC neurons. Thus, these data show that bacterial proteins produced after nutrient-induced E. coli growth may signal meal termination. Furthermore, continuous exposure to E. coli proteins may influence long-term meal pattern.
Published: 2016

148. Cell Surface Interference with Plasma Membrane and Transport Processes in Yeasts

Author: Jean Marie François, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Transport, Cell surface, Cell membrane, Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, Yeasts, medicine, Membrane fluidity, Metal ions, biology, Membrane, biology.organism_classification, Transport protein, Membrane glycoproteins, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, Biosorption, Biophysics, biology.protein, Porosity
Abstract: The wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a shell of about 120 nm thick, made of two distinct layers, which surrounds the cell. The outer layer is constituted of highly glycosylated proteins and the inner layer is composed of beta-glucan and chitin. These two layers are interconnected through covalent linkages leading to a supramolecular architecture that is characterized by physical and chemical properties including rigidity, porosity and biosorption. The later property results from the presence of highly negative charged phosphate and carboxylic groups of the cell wall proteins, allowing the cell wall to act as an efficient barrier to metals ions, toxins and organic compounds. An intimate connection between cell wall and plasma membrane is indicated by the fact that changes in membrane fluidity results in change in cell wall nanomechanical properties. Finally, cell wall contributes to transport processes through the use of dedicated cell wall mannoproteins, as it is the case for Fit proteins implicated in the siderophore-iron bound transport and the Tir/Dan proteins family in the uptake of sterols.
Published: 2016

149. The synthetic xylulose-1 phosphate pathway increases production of glycolic acid from xylose-rich sugar mixtures

Author: Jean Marie François, Thomas Walther, Lucie Spina, Ceren Alkim, Debora Trichez, Yvan Cam, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB) consortium (Project: PENTOSYS), CAPES foundation (Ministry of Education, Brazil), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Region Midi-Pyrenees (INRA, France), Alkim, Ceren, Walther, Thomas, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Stereochemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Glyoxylate cycle, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Xylose, Escherichia coli, Glycolic acid, Synthetic pathway, Glucose, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Hydrolysate, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sugar, Xylulose, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Research, Phosphate, 030104 developmental biology, General Energy, chemistry, Biochemistry, Yield (chemistry), Biotechnology
Abstract: Background: Glycolic acid (GA) is a two-carbon hydroxyacid with applications in the cosmetic, textile, and medical industry. Microbial GA production from all sugars can be achieved by engineering the natural glyoxylate shunt. The synthetic (D)-xylulose-1 phosphate (X1P) pathway provides a complementary route to produce GA from (D)-xylose. The simultaneous operation of the X1P and glyoxylate pathways increases the theoretical GA yield from xylose by 20 %, which may strongly improve GA production from hemicellulosic hydrolysates. Results: We herein describe the construction of an E. coli strain that produces GA via the glyoxylate pathway at a yield of 0.31, 0.29, and 0.37 g/g from glucose, xylose, or a mixture of glucose and xylose ( mass ratio: 33: 66 %), respectively. When the X1P pathway operates in addition to the glyoxylate pathway, the GA yields on the three substrates are, respectively, 0.39, 0.43, and 0.47 g/g. Upon constitutive expression of the sugar permease GalP, the GA yield of the strain which simultaneously operates the glyoxylate and X1P pathways further increases to 0.63 g/g when growing on the glucose/ xylose mixture. Under these conditions, the GA yield on the xylose fraction of the sugar mixture reaches 0.75 g/g, which is the highest yield reported to date. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the synthetic X1P pathway has a very strong potential to improve GA production from xylose-rich hemicellulosic hydrolysates.
Published: 2016

150. Microbial production of propanol

Author: Jean Marie François, Thomas Walther, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-10-BTBR-0005,SYNTHACS,Biologie Synthétique pour la synthèse de molécules chimiques à haute valeur ajoutée à partir de ressources carbonées renouvelables(2010), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Investissements d'Avenir program) [ANR 10-BTBR-05 -01], Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Propanols, Microorganism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bioengineering, Isopropanol, 7. Clean energy, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Chemical synthesis, Metabolic engineering, Propanol, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biofuel, Yeasts, Organic chemistry, Synthetic biology, N-Propanol, Bacteria, integumentary system, Chemistry, n-propanol, 030104 developmental biology, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Biofuels, Fermentation, Biotechnology, Renewable resource
Abstract: Both, n-propanol and isopropanol are industrially attractive value-added molecules that can be produced by microbes from renewable resources. The development of cost-effective fermentation processes may allow using these alcohols as a biofuel component, or as a precursor for the chemical synthesis of propylene. This review reports and discusses the recent progress which has been made in the biochemical production of propanol. Several synthetic propanol-producing pathways were developed that vary with respect to stoichiometry and metabolic entry point. These pathways were expressed in different host organisms and enabled propanol production from various renewable feedstocks. Furthermore, it was shown that the optimization of fermentation conditions greatly improved process performance, in particular, when continuous product removal prevented accumulation of toxic propanol levels. Although these advanced metabolic engineering and fermentation strategies have facilitated significant progress in the biochemical production of propanol, the currently achieved propanol yields and productivities appear to be insufficient to compete with chemical propanol synthesis. The development of biosynthetic pathways with improved propanol yields, the breeding or identification of microorganisms with higher propanol tolerance, and the engineering of propanol producer strains that efficiently utilize low-cost feedstocks are the major challenges on the way to industrially relevant microbial propanol production processes.
Published: 2016

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Category

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

945 results on '"Marie, François"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources