453 results on '"Marcelo Gottschalk"'
Search Results
102. Experimental evaluation of protection and immunogenicity of Streptococcus suis bacterin-based vaccines formulated with different commercial adjuvants in weaned piglets
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Dominic Dolbec, Lorelei Corsaut, Marcelo Gottschalk, Milan R. Obradovic, and Mariela Segura
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Serotype ,Quil-A® ,Streptococcus suis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Veterinary medicine ,Sus scrofa ,Weaning ,Biology ,Immune system ,Weaned piglets ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Streptococcal Infections ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,Animals ,antibodies ,Pathogen ,Swine Diseases ,General Veterinary ,Immunogenicity ,swine ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Montanide™ ,Emulsigen®-D ,bacterin vaccines ,adjuvants ,Bacterial Vaccines ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,Adjuvant ,Alhydrogel® ,Research Article - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen responsible for economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. There is no effective commercial vaccine against S. suis. The use of autogenous (“bacterin”) vaccines to control S. suis outbreaks is a frequent preventive measure in the field, although scientific data on immunogenicity and reduction in mortality and morbidity are scarce. The goal of our study is to experimentally evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy against homologous challenge in weaned piglets of a S. suis serotype 2 bacterin-based vaccine formulated with six different commercial adjuvants (Alhydrogel®, Emulsigen®-D, Quil-A®, Montanide™ ISA 206 VG, Montanide™ ISA 61 VG, and Montanide™ ISA 201 VG). The vaccine formulated with Montanide™ ISA 61 VG induced a significant increase in anti-S. suis antibodies, including both IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses, protected against mortality and significantly reduced morbidity and severity of clinical signs. Vaccines formulated with Montanide ISA 206 VG or Montanide ISA 201 VG also induced a significant increase in anti-S. suis antibodies and showed partial protection and reduction of clinical signs severity. Vaccines formulated with Alhydrogel®, Emulsigen®-D, or Quil-A® induced a low and IgG1-shifted antibody response and failed to protect vaccinated piglets against a homologous challenge. In conclusion, the type of adjuvant used in the vaccine formulation significantly influenced the immune response and efficacy of the vaccine against a homologous challenge.
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- 2021
103. Large-scale genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis
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Duncan J. Maskell, Eric L. Miller, Julian Parkhill, Phung L. K. Yen, Susanna M. Williamson, John J. Welch, Lucy A. Weinert, Nahuel Fittipaldi, Ho D. Phuc, Thomas Wileman, Gemma G. R. Murray, Ngo Thi Hoa, Marcelo Gottschalk, Juan Hernandez-Garcia, Nazreen F. Hadjirin, Alexander W. Tucker, Rui Zhou, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Murray, Gemma [0000-0002-9531-1711], Parkhill, Julian [0000-0002-7069-5958], Tucker, Alexander [0000-0003-0062-0843], Welch, John [0000-0001-7049-7129], and Weinert, Lucy [0000-0002-9279-6012]
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Streptococcus suis ,Physiology ,medicine.drug_class ,Swine ,QH301-705.5 ,Antibiotics ,Plant Science ,Disease ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Biology ,Genome ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Trimethoprim ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,Antibiotic resistance ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Structural Biology ,Prediction model ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,medicine ,Animals ,Biology (General) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Genetics ,Pig ,Ecology ,Beta-lactam resistance ,Transmission (medicine) ,Cell Biology ,Genomics ,Genotype to phenotype ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Tiamulin ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biotechnology ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the gravest threats to human health and food security worldwide. The use of antimicrobials in livestock production can lead to emergence of AMR, which can have direct effects on humans through spread of zoonotic disease. Pigs pose a particular risk as they are a source of zoonotic diseases and receive more antimicrobials than most other livestock. Here we use a large-scale genomic approach to characterise AMR in Streptococcus suis, a commensal found in most pigs, but which can also cause serious disease in both pigs and humans. Results We obtained replicated measures of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for 16 antibiotics, across a panel of 678 isolates, from the major pig-producing regions of the world. For several drugs, there was no natural separation into ‘resistant’ and ‘susceptible’, highlighting the need to treat MIC as a quantitative trait. We found differences in MICs between countries, consistent with their patterns of antimicrobial usage. AMR levels were high even for drugs not used to treat S. suis, with many multidrug-resistant isolates. Similar levels of resistance were found in pigs and humans from regions associated with zoonotic transmission. We next used whole genome sequences for each isolate to identify 43 candidate resistance determinants, 22 of which were novel in S. suis. The presence of these determinants explained most of the variation in MIC. But there were also interesting complications, including epistatic interactions, where known resistance alleles had no effect in some genetic backgrounds. Beta-lactam resistance involved many core genome variants of small effect, appearing in a characteristic order. Conclusions We present a large dataset allowing the analysis of the multiple contributing factors to AMR in S. suis. The high levels of AMR in S. suis that we observe are reflected by antibiotic usage patterns but our results confirm the potential for genomic data to aid in the fight against AMR.
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- 2021
104. Production and characterization of a murine anti-dal monoclonal antibody for blood typing in dogs
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Cindy L. Corrales Mesa, Marcelo Gottschalk, Sonia Lacouture, and Marie-Claude Blais
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Mice ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Dogs ,Erythrocytes ,General Veterinary ,Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ,Immunology ,Blood Group Antigens ,Animals ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Female - Abstract
Considering the strong immunogenicity of the Dal antigen, and that 98% of dogs, including blood donors, are Dal-positive, finding compatible blood for a previously transfused Dal-negative patient may be challenging. This is exacerbated by limited access to typing reagents, which currently rely on polyclonal antibodies (PAb) produced following sensitization of dogs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to produce and characterize an anti-Dal murine monoclonal antibody (MAb). Conventional hybridoma technology was used to produce MAb directed against canine red blood cells (cRBC). Briefly, female BALB/c mice were immunized via repeated intraperitoneal injections of washed Dal-positive cRBC (DEA 1,3,7 negative; DEA 4,5 positive) until serologic titers were sufficient (1:1000). Following fusion with myeloma cells, 573 hybridoma cell culture supernatants were obtained and screened for MAb of interest using a gel column agglutination technique and known Dal-negative and Dal-positive cRBC. Fifteen supernatants led to cRBC agglutination, but only one had the desired pattern (i.e. anti-Dal). To assess its specificity and sensitivity, Dal blood typing of 62 canine EDTA-blood samples was performed using the anti-Dal MAb and two canine PAb: 45 Dal-positive and 17 Dal-negative were identified with 100% agreement between reagents (kappa =1). The anti-Dal MAb produced was further determined to be an IgG1. Conventional hybridoma technology, aided by a gel column technique, has enabled the production of a murine MAb specific against the canine Dal antigen. This will ensure long-term perennity of Dal blood typing, facilitate clinical management and research, as well as avoid resorting to repeat dog sensitization.
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- 2022
105. Genomic and pathogenic investigations of Streptococcus suis serotype 7 population derived from a human patient and pigs
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Pengcheng Du, April A. Estrada, Marcelo Gottschalk, Ana I. Vela, Pujun Liang, Jianping Wang, Ming Luo, Zongfu Wu, Han Zheng, and Mingliu Wang
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Serotype ,Bacterial Zoonoses ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,Epidemiology ,zoonotic pathogens ,Bacteremia ,phylogeny ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Drug Discovery ,Swine Diseases ,education.field_of_study ,Virulence ,biology ,Strain (biology) ,Human patient ,General Medicine ,Streptococcus suis serotype 7 ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Research Article ,China ,Virulence Factors ,Immunology ,Population ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Serogroup ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Microbiology ,Streptococcal Infections ,Virology ,Pneumonia, Bacterial ,Animals ,Humans ,In patient ,education ,Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Parasitology ,integrative mobilizable elements ,Genome, Bacterial ,Multilocus Sequence Typing ,Streptococcus suis serotype - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the important emerging zoonotic pathogens. Serotype 2 is most prevalent in patients worldwide. In the present study, we first isolated one S. suis serotype 7 strain GX69 from the blood culture of a patient with septicemia complicated with pneumonia in China. In order to deepen the understanding of S. suis serotype 7 population characteristics, we investigated the phylogenetic structure, genomic features, and virulence of S. suis serotype 7 population, including 35 strains and 79 genomes. Significant diversities were revealed in S. suis serotype 7 population, which were clustered into 22 sequence types (STs), five minimum core genome (MCG) groups, and six lineages. Lineages 1, 3a, and 6 were mainly constituted by genomes from Asia. Genomes of Lineages 2, 3b, and 5a were mainly from Northern America. Most of genomes from Europe (41/48) were clustered into Lineage 5b. In addition to strain GX69, 13 of 21 S. suis serotype 7 representative strains were classified as virulent strains using the C57BL/6 mouse model. Virulence-associated genes preferentially present in highly pathogenic S. suis serotype 2 strains were not suitable as virulence indicators for S. suis serotype 7 strains. Integrative mobilizable elements were widespread and may play a critical role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes of S. suis serotype 7 strains. Our study confirmed S. suis serotype 7 is a non-negligible pathotype and deepened the understanding of the population structure of S. suis serotype 7, which provided valuable information for the improved surveillance of this serotype.
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- 2021
106. The next frontier in disease elimination: Tackling the endemics A suis, M hyorhinis and M hyosynoviae
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Maria Clavijo, Marisa Rotolo, Greg Ellis, Joe Jobin, Marney Jobin, Marcelo Gottschalk, Jess Waddell, Andrea Pitkin, Deanne Hemker, Thomas Riek, Jerome Geiger, Wayne Cast, Kevin Eggers, Lucina Galina, Karen Harmon, Rodger Main, Bill Christianson, A. Tucker, Jean Cano, and Perry Harms
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- 2022
107. Development of a mismatch amplification mutation assay to correctly serotype isolates of Streptococcus suis serotypes 1, 2, 1/2, and 14
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Sonia Lacouture, Daisuke Takamatsu, Lorelei Corsaut, Marcelo Gottschalk, and Masatoshi Okura
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Nonsynonymous substitution ,Serotype ,0303 health sciences ,Antigenicity ,Streptococcus suis ,General Veterinary ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Virulence ,Serogroup ,biology.organism_classification ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Virology ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Emerging pathogen ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,Animals ,Serotyping ,Antibody ,Brief Communications ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the most important bacterial swine pathogens worldwide and is an emerging pathogen in humans. There are 29 serotypes, and serotyping, which is based on the antigenicity of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) or on its coding genes, is often part of routine identification and provides further information regarding S. suis virulence and zoonotic potential. Serotypes 2 and 14 possess high zoonotic potential, and serotype 1/2 is the serotype most frequently isolated from diseased pigs in North America. PCR has replaced antibody-based techniques to perform serotyping. However, traditional PCR is not able to differentiate serotype 2 from 1/2 and serotype 1 from 14, given that the only difference in the cps loci of those serotype pairs is a nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism. We developed a mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA)-PCR that was able to correctly serotype 148 isolates previously known to be serotypes 1, 2, 1/2, or 14. This technique will be highly useful in animal and human health laboratories performing PCR serotyping of S. suis isolates.
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- 2020
108. Identification and Characterization of a Two-Peptide Class IIb Bacteriocin in Streptococcus pluranimalium Isolated from the Nasal Cavity of a Healthy Pig
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Katy Vaillancourt, Geneviève LeBel, Nahuel Fittipaldi, Michel Frenette, Marcelo Gottschalk, and Daniel Grenier
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Bacteriocins ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,Molecular Medicine ,Animals ,Streptococcus ,Nasal Cavity ,Peptides ,Molecular Biology ,Microbiology - Abstract
In addition to be an important zoonotic agent, Streptococcus suis serotype 2 causes severe infections in pigs. In this study, we characterized a new bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus pluranimalium 2N12 isolated from a pig nasal sample. The bacteriocin, termed pluranimalicin 2N12, was a two-peptide class IIb bacteriocin active against S. suis. The gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of pluranimalicin 2N12 by S. pluranimalium contained seven open reading frames, including putative genes for peptides (pluα, pluβ), export (pluA, pluB), and regulation (pluC, pluD, pluE). The deduced amino acid sequences of the peptides Pluα (33 amino acids) and Pluβ (29 amino acids) showed 73% and 69% identity in amino acid residues, respectively, with the peptides SthA and SthB of the streptocin produced by Streptococcus gordonii. The antibacterial activity of pluranimalicin 2N12 against S. suis was dependent on the presence of the two peptides Pluα and Pluβ that exhibited a membrane permeabilization effect. No activity was found against the other swine pathogens tested. Depending on the concentrations used, Pluα and Pluβ displayed no or low toxicity towards swine tracheal epithelial cells. The pluranimalicin peptides Pluα and Pluβ, either individually or in combination, exhibited anti-inflammatory activity since they attenuated IL-6 and TNF-α production by macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Given its dual action (antibacterial and anti-inflammatory), pluranimalicin 2N12 holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for controlling S. suis infections.
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- 2021
109. Genomic Characterization of
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Anusak, Kerdsin, Rujirat, Hatrongjit, Thidathip, Wongsurawat, Piroon, Jenjaroenpun, Peechanika, Chopjitt, Parichart, Boueroy, Nahuel, Fittipaldi, Han, Zheng, and Marcelo, Gottschalk
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sequence type ,Streptococcus suis ,antimicrobial-resistant gene ,serotype ,Microbiology ,genome ,Original Research - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Although S. suis serotype 2 is prevalent among patient and swine infections, other serotypes are occasionally detected in humans. Of these, serotype 24 clonal complex (CC) 221/234 are recognized as emerging clones of human infection. Genomic exploration of three S. suis serotype 24 CC221/234 strains revealed antimicrobial resistance genes, pathotyping, virulence-associated gene (VAG) profiles, minimum core genome (MCG) typing, and comparison of the genomes. Based on these analyzes, all three serotype 24 strains were MCG7-3 and should be classified in the intermediate/weakly virulent (I/WV) group. All selected serotype 24 strains were susceptible to several antibiotics including β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, and chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, macrolide, and clindamycin was observed and attributed to the genes tet(O) and erm(B). Genomic comparison revealed the strains S12X, LSS66, LS0L, LS0E, 92–4,172, and IMT40201 that had phylogenetic affinity with serotype 24 CC221/234. Analysis of 80 virulence-associated genes (VAG) showed that all three serotype 24 strains lacked 24 genes consisting of adhesin P, epf, hyl, ihk, irr, mrp, nadR, neuB, NisK/R, ofs, permease (SSU0835), rgg, revS, salK/R, sao, sly, spyM3_0908, srtBCD, srtF, srtG, SSU05_0473, virA, virB4, and virD4. Eleven specific sequences were identified in the 3 serotype 24 genomes that differed from the genomes of the representative strains of epidemic (E; SC84), highly virulent (HV; P1/7), I/WV (89–1,591), and avirulent (T15 and 05HAS68).
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- 2021
110. Mutation rate dynamics reflect ecological change in an emerging zoonotic pathogen
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Josephine Herbert, A. S. Md. Mukarram Hossain, Gemma G. R. Murray, Marta Matuszewska, Lucy A. Weinert, Alexander W. Tucker, Andrew J. Balmer, Marcelo Gottschalk, Sebastian Bruchmann, Nazreen F. Hadjirin, Caroline L. Kemp, Eric L. Miller, Murray, Gemma G. R. [0000-0002-9531-1711], Balmer, Andrew J. [0000-0001-7446-3428], Herbert, Josephine [0000-0002-8352-6344], Kemp, Caroline L. [0000-0002-0015-3678], Matuszewska, Marta [0000-0002-2653-7725], Bruchmann, Sebastian [0000-0001-8721-5386], Hossain, A. S. Md. Mukarram [0000-0003-2654-8982], Gottschalk, Marcelo [0000-0002-2196-2212], Tucker, Alexander W. [0000-0003-0062-0843], Miller, Eric [0000-0002-7157-6213], Weinert, Lucy A. [0000-0002-9279-6012], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Murray, Gemma [0000-0002-9531-1711], Balmer, Andrew [0000-0001-7446-3428], Tucker, Alexander [0000-0003-0062-0843], and Weinert, Lucy [0000-0002-9279-6012]
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Cancer Research ,Mutation rate ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,Adaptation, Biological ,QH426-470 ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Genome ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medical Conditions ,Mutation Rate ,Zoonoses ,Mobile Genetic Elements ,Genetics (clinical) ,Mammals ,0303 health sciences ,Bacterial Genomics ,Ecology ,Virulence ,Microbial Genetics ,Eukaryota ,Genomics ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Deletion Mutation ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Vertebrates ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Microbial Genomics ,Biology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic Elements ,Streptococcal Infections ,Genetics ,Bacterial Genetics ,Animals ,Evolutionary dynamics ,Molecular Biology ,Genome size ,Microbial Pathogens ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Medicine and health sciences ,Biology and life sciences ,Organisms ,Bacteriology ,Mutation Accumulation ,biology.organism_classification ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Mutation ,Amniotes ,Mobile genetic elements ,Zoology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Funder: Isaac Newton Trust; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004815, Funder: Newnham College, University of Cambridge; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000663, Funder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268, Funder: Medical Research Council; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265, Funder: Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013112, Mutation rates vary both within and between bacterial species, and understanding what drives this variation is essential for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of bacterial populations. In this study, we investigate two factors that are predicted to influence the mutation rate: ecology and genome size. We conducted mutation accumulation experiments on eight strains of the emerging zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. Natural variation within this species allows us to compare tonsil carriage and invasive disease isolates, from both more and less pathogenic populations, with a wide range of genome sizes. We find that invasive disease isolates have repeatedly evolved mutation rates that are higher than those of closely related carriage isolates, regardless of variation in genome size. Independent of this variation in overall rate, we also observe a stronger bias towards G/C to A/T mutations in isolates from more pathogenic populations, whose genomes tend to be smaller and more AT-rich. Our results suggest that ecology is a stronger correlate of mutation rate than genome size over these timescales, and that transitions to invasive disease are consistently accompanied by rapid increases in mutation rate. These results shed light on the impact that ecology can have on the adaptive potential of bacterial pathogens.
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- 2021
111. Role of Maturation of Lipoproteins in the Pathogenesis of the Infection Caused by Streptococcus suis Serotype 2
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Jean-Philippe Auger, David Roy, Anaïs Boa, Masatoshi Okura, Marcelo Gottschalk, Servane Payen, and Mariela Segura
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Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,0303 health sciences ,Streptococcus suis serotype 2 ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,maturation ,QH301-705.5 ,Mutant ,Virulence ,Streptococcus suis ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Pathogenesis ,Bacterial adhesin ,lipoproteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,inflammation ,Virology ,Biology (General) ,Pathogen ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important porcine bacterial pathogen associated with multiple pathologies in piglets. Bacterial lipoproteins (LPPs) have been described as playing important roles in the pathogenesis of the infection of other Gram-positive bacteria as adhesins, pro-inflammatory cell activators and/or virulence factors. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the role of the prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) and lipoprotein signal peptidase (Lsp) enzymes, which are responsible for LPP maturation, on the pathogenesis of the infection caused by two different sequence types (STs) of S. suis serotype 2 strains (virulent ST1 and highly virulent ST7). Through the use of isogenic Δlgt, Δlsp and double Δlgt/Δlsp mutants, it was shown that lack of these enzymes did not influence S. suis adhesion/invasion to porcine respiratory epithelial cells. However, in the absence of the Lsp and/or Lgt, a significant reduction in the capacity of S. suis to activate phagocytic cells and induce pro-inflammatory mediators (in vitro and in vivo) was observed. In general, results obtained with the double mutant did not differ in comparison to single mutants, indicating lack of an additive effect. Finally, our data suggest that these enzymes play a differential role in virulence, depending on the genetic background of the strain and being more important for the highly virulent ST7 strain.
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- 2021
112. Neutrophils in
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Marêva, Bleuzé, Marcelo, Gottschalk, and Mariela, Segura
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Streptococcus suis ,neutrophils ,virulence factors ,Review ,innate immunity - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for economic losses to the porcine industry. Infected animals may develop meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, sepsis and/or sudden death. The pathogenesis of the infection implies that bacteria breach mucosal host barriers and reach the bloodstream, where they escape immune-surveillance mechanisms and spread throughout the organism. The clinical manifestations are mainly the consequence of an exacerbated inflammation, defined by an exaggerated production of cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. Among them, neutrophils arrive first in contact with the pathogens to combat the infection. Neutrophils initiate and maintain inflammation, by producing cytokines and deploying their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms. Furthermore, neutrophilic leukocytosis characterizes S. suis infection, and lesions of infected subjects contain a large number of neutrophils. Therefore, this cell type may play a role in host defense and/or in the exacerbated inflammation. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies addressed the role or functions of neutrophils in the context of S. suis infection. In this review, we will explore the literature about S. suis and neutrophils, from their interaction at a cellular level, to the roles and behaviors of neutrophils in the infected host in vivo.
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- 2021
113. Comparative analysis of Streptococcus suis genomes identifies novel candidate virulence-associated genes in North American isolates
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April A. Estrada, Marcelo Gottschalk, Connie J. Gebhart, and Douglas G. Marthaler
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Swine Diseases ,General Veterinary ,Genotype ,Streptococcus suis ,Virulence ,Swine ,Animals ,Genome, Bacterial - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a significant economic and welfare concern in the swine industry. Pan-genome analysis provides an in-silico approach for the discovery of genes involved in pathogenesis in bacterial pathogens. In this study, we performed pan-genome analysis of 208 S. suis isolates classified into the pathogenic, possibly opportunistic, and commensal pathotypes to identify novel candidate virulence-associated genes (VAGs) of S. suis. Using chi-square tests and LASSO regression models, three accessory pan-genes corresponding to S. suis strain P1/7 markers SSU_RS09525, SSU_RS09155, and SSU_RS03100 (>95% identity) were identified as having a significant association with the pathogenic pathotype. The proposed novel SSU_RS09525 + /SSU_RS09155 + /SSU_RS03100 + genotype identified 96% of the pathogenic pathotype strains, suggesting a novel genotyping scheme for predicting the pathogenicity of S. suis isolates in North America. In addition, mobile genetic elements carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and VAGs were identified but did not appear to play a major role in the spread of ARGs and VAGs.
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- 2021
114. Non-Penicillin-Susceptible Streptococcus suis Isolated from Humans
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Peechanika Chopjitt, Anusak Kerdsin, Parichart Boueroy, Marcelo Gottschalk, Nichari Bamphensin, Nahuel Fittipaldi, and Rujirat Hatrongjit
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Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,sequence type ,Tetracycline ,Streptococcus suis ,Erythromycin ,Microbiology ,Antibiotic resistance ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,serotype ,Molecular Biology ,genome ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Chloramphenicol ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,Penicillin ,Infectious Diseases ,penicillin ,antimicrobial ,Medicine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. In this study, 448 S. suis isolates recovered from human infections in Thailand were characterized with regard to their antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes, including, for non-penicillin-susceptible isolates, sequence analyses of five genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins (pbp1a, pbp1b, pbp2a, pbp2b, and pbp2x). All 448 isolates were susceptible to cefepime and ceftriaxone, whereas 99.6%, 91.7%, and 72.9% of the isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, penicillin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Almost all isolates were resistant to tetracycline (98.2%), clindamycin (94%), erythromycin (92.4%), and azithromycin (82.6%). Genes tet(O) and ermB were the predominant resistance genes detected among macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant isolates. A total of 37 out of 448 isolates (8.2%) showed intermediately resistance to penicillin. Most of these isolates (59.5%) belonged to serotype 2-ST233. Comparison of the predicted translated sequences of five PBP proteins of a penicillin-susceptible isolate (strain P1/7) to the respective PBP sequences of ten non-penicillin-susceptible isolates revealed multiple amino acid substitutions. Isolates of CC221/234 showed highly variable amino acid substitutions in all PBP proteins. An ST104 isolate had a higher number of amino acid substitutions in PBP2X. Isolates belonging to CC233/379 had numerous substitutions in PBP2B and PBP2X. ST25 isolates exhibited fewer amino acid substitutions than isolates of other STs in all five PBPs. The antimicrobial resistance of S. suis is increasing worldwide, therefore, restrictions on antimicrobial use, continuous control, and the surveillance of this bacterium throughout the pork supply chain are crucial for ensuring public health and must be a priority concern.
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- 2021
115. Non-Penicillin-Susceptible
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Nichari, Bamphensin, Peechanika, Chopjitt, Rujirat, Hatrongjit, Parichart, Boueroy, Nahuel, Fittipaldi, Marcelo, Gottschalk, and Anusak, Kerdsin
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sequence type ,penicillin ,Streptococcus suis ,antimicrobial ,serotype ,genome ,Article - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. In this study, 448 S. suis isolates recovered from human infections in Thailand were characterized with regard to their antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes, including, for non-penicillin-susceptible isolates, sequence analyses of five genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins (pbp1a, pbp1b, pbp2a, pbp2b, and pbp2x). All 448 isolates were susceptible to cefepime and ceftriaxone, whereas 99.6%, 91.7%, and 72.9% of the isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, penicillin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Almost all isolates were resistant to tetracycline (98.2%), clindamycin (94%), erythromycin (92.4%), and azithromycin (82.6%). Genes tet(O) and ermB were the predominant resistance genes detected among macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant isolates. A total of 37 out of 448 isolates (8.2%) showed intermediately resistance to penicillin. Most of these isolates (59.5%) belonged to serotype 2-ST233. Comparison of the predicted translated sequences of five PBP proteins of a penicillin-susceptible isolate (strain P1/7) to the respective PBP sequences of ten non-penicillin-susceptible isolates revealed multiple amino acid substitutions. Isolates of CC221/234 showed highly variable amino acid substitutions in all PBP proteins. An ST104 isolate had a higher number of amino acid substitutions in PBP2X. Isolates belonging to CC233/379 had numerous substitutions in PBP2B and PBP2X. ST25 isolates exhibited fewer amino acid substitutions than isolates of other STs in all five PBPs. The antimicrobial resistance of S. suis is increasing worldwide; therefore, restrictions on antimicrobial use, continuous control, and the surveillance of this bacterium throughout the pork supply chain are crucial for ensuring public health and must be a priority concern.
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- 2021
116. Rapid Detection and Typing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars Directly From Clinical Samples: Combining FTA® Card Technology With Multiplex PCR
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Paul R. Langford, Liancheng Lei, Eduardo Velazquez, Sonia Lacouture, László Fodor, Oliver W Stringer, Øystein Angen, Janine T. Bossé, Marcelo Gottschalk, Yanwen Li, Paul Penny, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
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Serotype ,animal diseases ,Veterinary medicine ,Sample processing ,detection ,multiplex-PCR ,Rapid detection ,FTA card ,High morbidity ,Multiplex polymerase chain reaction ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,diagnostics ,Typing ,Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ,Original Research ,biology ,General Veterinary ,0707 Veterinary Sciences ,DNA ,respiratory system ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Virology ,Actinobacillus pleuropeumoniae ,respiratory tract diseases ,Pleuropneumonia ,Veterinary Science - Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is highly contagious and responsible for high morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in the swine industry worldwide, but quick serotyping and diagnosis are still not widely available. In this study, we sought to validate the use of Whatman FTA® cards for collection and processing of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, or porcine lung tissue samples, for direct use in diagnostic multiplex PCRs. We have optimized the processing of 3-mm discs punched from FTA® cards loaded with cultured A. pleuropneumoniae, or imprinted on lesioned regions of lung tissue, with only three distilled water washes before addition into our APP-multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for rapid, low-cost identification and serotyping. DNA captured on FTA® cards generated the same diagnostic PCR results as DNA extracted using commercial kits for 85 A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolate cultures and 22 lung samples. Additionally, bacterial DNA bound to FTA® cards was detectable by PCR after 6 months of storage at 37°C. This study provides simple, efficient, rapid, and practical sample processing for detection and molecular serotyping of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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- 2021
117. Molecular characterization of Glaesserella parasuis strains isolated from North America, Europe and Asia by serotyping PCR and LS-PCR
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Katrin Strutzberg-Minder, Rui Zhou, Geng Zou, Lijun Zhang, Nubia Macedo, Maria J. Clavijo, Chao Nguyen Van, Marcelo Gottschalk, Virginia Aragon, Thairê Pereira Maróstica, Alexander W. Tucker, Producció Animal, Sanitat Animal, Macedo, Nubia [0000-0003-3755-8676], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Serotype ,Asia ,Haemophilus Infections ,Swine ,Veterinary medicine ,Sus scrofa ,Virulence ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Microbiology ,Haemophilus parasuis ,VtaA marker ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,SF600-1100 ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Serotyping ,Swine Diseases ,General Veterinary ,Glaesserella parasuis ,LS-PCR ,Europe ,North America ,Geographic regions ,Research Article - Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis strains were characterized by serotyping PCR, vtaA virulence marker Leader Sequence (LS)-PCR, clinical significance, and geographic region. Overall, the serovars 4, 5/12, 7, 1, and 13 were the most commonly detected. Serovars of greatest clinical relevance were systemic isolates that had a higher probability of being serovar 5/12, 13, or 7. In comparison, pulmonary isolates had a higher likelihood of being serovars 2, 4, 7, or 14. Serovars 5/12 and 13 have previously been considered disease-associated, but this study agrees with other recent studies showing that serovar 7 is indeed associated with systemic G. parasuis disease. Serovar 4 strains illustrated how isolates can have varying degrees of virulence and be obtained from pulmonary, systemic, or nasal sites. Serovars 8, 9, 15, and 10 were predominantly obtained from nasal samples, which indicates a limited clinical significance of these serovars. Additionally, most internal G. parasuis isolates were classified as virulent by LS-PCR and were disease-associated isolates, including serovars 1, 2, 4, 5/12, 7, 13, and 14. Isolates from the nasal cavity, including serovars 6, 9, 10, 11, and 15, were classified as non-virulent by LS-PCR. In conclusion, the distribution of G. parasuis serovars remains constant, with few serovars representing most of the strains isolated from affected pigs. Moreover, it was confirmed that the LS-PCR can be used for G. parasuis virulence prediction of field strains worldwide.
- Published
- 2021
118. Genome Reduction Is Associated with Bacterial Pathogenicity across Different Scales of Temporal and Ecological Divergence
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Michael J. Casey, Jane Charlesworth, Marcelo Gottschalk, John J. Welch, Gemma G. R. Murray, Catrin T. Lloyd, Alexander W. Tucker, Lucy A. Weinert, Eric L. Miller, Murray, Gemma [0000-0002-9531-1711], Tucker, Alexander [0000-0003-0062-0843], Welch, John [0000-0001-7049-7129], Weinert, Lucy [0000-0002-9279-6012], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Falush, Daniel
- Subjects
Ecology (disciplines) ,Streptococcus suis ,Disease ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01180 ,bacterial evolution ,reductive genome evolution ,Genome ,03 medical and health sciences ,endosymbionts ,Genome Size ,Genetics ,pathogenicity ,Animals ,Symbiosis ,Molecular Biology ,Genome size ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Discoveries ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Bacteria ,030306 microbiology ,Ecology ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01130 ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,GC-content ,Genome, Bacterial - Abstract
Emerging bacterial pathogens threaten global health and food security, and so it is important to ask whether these transitions to pathogenicity have any common features. We present a systematic study of the claim that pathogenicity is associated with genome reduction and gene loss. We compare broad-scale patterns across all bacteria, with detailed analyses of Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen of pigs, which has undergone multiple transitions between disease and carriage forms. We find that pathogenicity is consistently associated with reduced genome size across three scales of divergence (between species within genera, and between and within genetic clusters of S. suis). Although genome reduction is also found in mutualist and commensal bacterial endosymbionts, genome reduction in pathogens cannot be solely attributed to the features of their ecology that they share with these species, that is, host restriction or intracellularity. Moreover, other typical correlates of genome reduction in endosymbionts (reduced metabolic capacity, reduced GC content, and the transient expansion of nonfunctional elements) are not consistently observed in pathogens. Together, our results indicate that genome reduction is a consistent correlate of pathogenicity in bacteria.
- Published
- 2021
119. Mutation rate dynamics reflect ecological change in an emerging zoonotic pathogen
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Andrew J. Balmer, Nazreen F. Hadijirin, Marta Matuszewska, Josephine Herbert, A. S. Md. Mukarram Hossain, Gemma G. R. Murray, Alexander W. Tucker, Caroline L. Kemp, Marcelo Gottschalk, Eric L. Miller, Sebastian Bruchmann, and Lucy A. Weinert
- Subjects
Mutation rate ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Ecology ,Ecology (disciplines) ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,Streptococcus suis ,Mutation Accumulation ,biology.organism_classification ,Genome size ,Genome - Abstract
While mutation is often deleterious, it can also be adaptive. Mutation rates vary both within and between bacterial species, and understanding what drives this variation is essential for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of bacterial populations. In this study we investigate two factors that are predicted to influence the trade-off between the costs and benefits of mutation: ecology and genome size. To investigate the relationship between these factors and mutation rate we conducted mutation accumulation experiments on eight strains of the emerging zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. Natural variation within this species allows us to compare tonsil carriage and invasive disease isolates, from both more and less pathogenic populations, with a wide range of genome sizes. We find that invasive disease isolates have repeatedly evolved mutation rates that are higher than those of closely related carriage isolates, regardless of variation in genome size. Independent of this variation in overall rate, we also observe a stronger bias towards G/C to A/T mutations in isolates from more pathogenic populations, whose genomes tend to be smaller and more AT-rich. Our results suggest that ecology is a stronger correlate of mutation rate than genome size over these timescales, and that transitions to invasive disease are consistently accompanied by rapid increases in mutation rate. These results shed light on the impact ecology can have on the adaptive potential of bacterial pathogens.
- Published
- 2021
120. Interleukin-1 signaling induced by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is strain-dependent and contributes to bacterial clearance and inflammation during systemic disease in a mouse model of infection
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Marcelo Gottschalk, Jean Philippe Auger, Audrey Dumesnil, David Roy, Nicolas Gisch, Agustina Lavagna, Stephen E. Girardin, and Mariela Segura
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,040301 veterinary sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Inflammation ,Biology ,Serogroup ,Sudden death ,Microbiology ,0403 veterinary science ,Pathogenesis ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Streptococcal Infections ,medicine ,Animals ,Swine Diseases ,Innate immune system ,Streptococcus suis serotype 2 ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Interleukin ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,TLR7 ,Immunity, Innate ,3. Good health ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,TLR2 ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Interleukin-1 ,Signal Transduction ,Research Article - Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important porcine pathogen and zoonotic agent causing sudden death, septic shock and meningitis, with exacerbated inflammation being a hallmark of the infection. A rapid, effective and balanced innate immune response against S. suis is critical to control bacterial growth without causing excessive inflammation. Even though interleukin (IL)-1 is one of the most potent and earliest pro-inflammatory mediators produced, its role in the S. suis pathogenesis has not been studied. We demonstrated that a classical virulent European sequence type (ST) 1 strain and the highly virulent ST7 strain induce important levels of IL-1 in systemic organs. Moreover, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages contribute to its production, with the ST7 strain inducing higher levels. To better understand the underlying mechanisms involved, different cellular pathways were studied. Independently of the strain, IL-1β production required MyD88 and involved recognition via TLR2 and possibly TLR7 and TLR9. This suggests that the recognized bacterial components are similar and conserved between strains. However, very high levels of the pore-forming toxin suilysin, produced only by the ST7 strain, are required for efficient maturation of pro-IL-1β via activation of different inflammasomes resulting from pore formation and ion efflux. Using IL-1R−/− mice, we demonstrated that IL-1 signaling plays a beneficial role during S. suis systemic infection by modulating the inflammation required to control and clear bacterial burden, thus promoting host survival. Beyond a certain threshold, however, S. suis-induced inflammation cannot be counterbalanced by this signaling, making it difficult to discriminate its role. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-019-0670-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2019
121. Actinobacillosis
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Marcelo Gottschalk and André Broes
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- 2019
122. Streptococcosis
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Marcelo Gottschalk and Mariela Segura
- Published
- 2019
123. Application of random amplified polymorphism DNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism to predict major Streptococcus suis clonal complexes isolated from humans and pigs
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Rujirat Hatrongjit, Anusak Kerdsin, Marcelo Gottschalk, Nattakan Meekhanon, and Atcharaporn Kidchana
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Serotype ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,DNA sequencing ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,Polymerase ,Polymerase chain reaction ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,RAPD ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Restriction fragment length polymorphism ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ,DNA - Abstract
Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were applied and evaluated to determine clonal complexes (CCs) of 684 Streptococcus suis isolates from pigs and humans. RAPD better distinguished major S. suis CCs than the PCR-RFLP method. The assay was capable of simultaneously distinguishing CC1, CC16, CC25, CC28, CC104, CC221/234, and CC233/379. PCR-RFLP could not clearly differentiate among most CCs in this study except CC16. DNA sequencing using the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer distinguished between four clusters: 1) consisting of CC25, CC28, CC104, and CC233/379; 2) consisting of CC221/234; 3) consisting of CC16 (ST16); and 4) consisting of CC1. This study revealed that RAPD had a greater discriminatory power than PCR-RFLP. This assay will be useful for screening or predicting major CCs relevant to human and pig S. suis clinical isolates and for low-cost screening of large numbers of isolates with rapid analytical capacity and could be utilized in most laboratories.
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- 2019
124. Examination of Australian Streptococcus suis isolates from clinically affected pigs in a global context and the genomic characterisation of ST1 as a predictor of virulence
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Mark O’Dea, Alec Truswell, Tanya Laird, Marcelo Gottschalk, Kittitat Lugsomya, Laura Fitt, David Jordan, Sam Abraham, and Rebecca Abraham
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0301 basic medicine ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,Virulence Factors ,Virulence ,Context (language use) ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Genome ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antibiotic resistance ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Streptococcal Infections ,Animals ,Humans ,Clade ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,Swine Diseases ,Genetics ,Whole genome sequencing ,General Veterinary ,Australia ,Genomics ,General Medicine ,Tetracycline ,biology.organism_classification ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Erythromycin ,030104 developmental biology ,Genome, Bacterial ,Multilocus Sequence Typing - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes severe disease in both humans and pigs. Australia’s pig herd has been quarantined for over 30 years, however S. suis remains a significant cause of disease. In this study, we investigated S. suis from 148 cases of clinical disease in pigs from 46 pig herds over a period of seven years, to determine the level of genetic difference from international isolates that may have arisen over the 30 years of separation. Isolates underwent whole genome sequencing, genome analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data was compared at the core genome level to clinical isolates from overseas. Results demonstrated five predominant multi-locus sequence types and two major cps gene types (cps2 and 3). At the core genome level Australian isolates clustered predominantly within one large clade consisting of isolates from the UK, Canada and North America. A small proportion of Australian swine isolates (5%) were phylogenetically associated with south-east Asian and UK isolates, many of which were classified as causing systemic disease, and derived from cases of human and swine disease. Based on this dataset we provide a comprehensive outline of the current S. suis clones associated with disease in Australian pigs and their global context, with the main finding being that, despite three decades of separation, Australian S. suis are genomically similar to overseas strains. In addition, we show that ST1 clones carry a constellation of putative virulence genes not present in other Australian STs.
- Published
- 2018
125. Proposal of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 19, and reformulation of previous multiplex PCRs for capsule-specific typing of all known serovars
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Paul Penny, Liancheng Lei, Paul R. Langford, Eduardo Velazquez, Sonia Lacouture, Janine T. Bossé, László Fodor, Øystein Angen, Marcelo Gottschalk, Oliver W Stringer, Yanwen Li, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
- Subjects
Serotype ,DNA, Bacterial ,Biovar ,Locus (genetics) ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Multiplex polymerase chain reaction ,Genotype ,Typing ,Veterinary Sciences ,Serotyping ,Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ,Bacterial Capsules ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,0707 Veterinary Sciences ,A. pleuropneumoniae ,Structural gene ,Capsule typing ,General Medicine ,multiplex PCR ,biology.organism_classification ,Serovar 19 ,Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Genome, Bacterial ,0605 Microbiology - Abstract
Two serologically and molecularly non-typeable isolates of the porcine lung pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae have been identified from diseased swine in two different continents. Genome sequencing was carried out to identify their diagnostically relevant genotypes. Both isolates are biovar 1 and encode genes for production of ApxIV and ApxII (apxIICA structural genes, and apxIBD export genes). They both possess the same novel type II capsule locus (most similar to serovar 1, but with two capsule genes not previously found in A. pleuropneumoniae) but differ in their O-Ag loci. Strain 7213384-1 from Denmark, which we propose as the reference strain for serovar 19, has a serogroup 3/6/8/15 O-Ag locus; the Canadian isolate A08-013 has a serogroup 4/7 O-Ag locus. We have expanded the second of our two previously described A. pleuropneumoniae mPCRs to include capsule gene-specific primers for definitive detection of serovars 13–14 and 16–19.
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- 2021
126. Proposed virulence-associated genes of Streptococcus suis isolates from the United States serve as predictors of pathogenicity
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Marcelo Gottschalk, Douglas Marthaler, Stephanie Rossow, April A. Estrada, Connie J. Gebhart, Lacey Marshall-Lund, and Aaron Rendahl
- Subjects
Serotype ,Streptococcus suis ,Biology ,Pan-genome ,Genetic diversity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genotype ,Small Animals ,Gene ,Pathotype ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,030304 developmental biology ,Whole genome sequencing ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,030306 microbiology ,Virulence-associated genes (VAGs) ,Research ,biology.organism_classification ,Subtyping ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,lcsh:Animal culture - Abstract
Background There is limited information on the distribution of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) in U.S. Streptococcus suis isolates, resulting in little understanding of the pathogenic potential of these isolates. This lack also reduces our understanding of the epidemiology associated with S. suis in the United States and thus affects the efficiency of control and prevention strategies. In this study we applied whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based approaches for the characterization of S. suis and identification of VAGs. Results Of 208 S. suis isolates classified as pathogenic, possibly opportunistic, and commensal pathotypes, the genotype based on the classical VAGs (epf, mrp, and sly encoding the extracellular protein factor, muramidase-release protein, and suilysin, respectively) was identified in 9% (epf+/mrp+/sly+) of the pathogenic pathotype. Using the chi-square test and LASSO regression model, the VAGs ofs (encoding the serum opacity factor) and srtF (encoding sortase F) were selected out of 71 published VAGs as having a significant association with pathotype, and both genes were found in 95% of the pathogenic pathotype. The ofs+/srtF+ genotype was also present in 74% of ‘pathogenic’ isolates from a separate validation set of isolates. Pan-genome clustering resulted in the differentiation of a group of isolates from five swine production companies into clusters corresponding to clonal complex (CC) and virulence-associated (VA) genotypes. The same CC-VA genotype patterns were identified in multiple production companies, suggesting a lack of association between production company, CC, or VA genotype. Conclusions The proposed ofs and srtF genes were stronger predictors for differentiating pathogenic and commensal S. suis isolates compared to the classical VAGs in two sets of U.S. isolates. Pan-genome analysis in combination with metadata (serotype, ST/CC, VA genotype) was illustrated to be a valuable subtyping tool to describe the genetic diversity of S. suis.
- Published
- 2021
127. Complete genome for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 reference strain 405 : comparative analysis with draft genomes for different laboratory stock cultures indicates little genetic variation
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Duncan J. Maskell, Thomas J. Inzana, Sonia Lacouture, Marc Stegger, Marcelo Gottschalk, Alexander W. Tucker, Liancheng Lei, Janine T. Bossé, Miriam Koene, Øystein Angen, David Harris, Paul R. Langford, Aloka B. Bandara, Yanwen Li, Matthew T. G. Holden, Liza Miriam Cohen, Olusegun Oshota, Peter Kuhnert, Brendan W. Wren, Andrew N. Rycroft, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Bioinformatics Unit, University of St Andrews. Infection and Global Health Division, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Subjects
Swine ,BRa ,Genome ,Actinobacillus Infections ,Plasmid ,serovar 8 reference genome ,AA, amino acid [SNPs. Abbreviations] ,Swine Diseases ,Genetics ,biology ,630 Agriculture ,Strain (biology) ,Bacteriologie ,Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics ,QR Microbiology ,General Medicine ,ATCC ,BHI ,amino acid ,0605 Microbiology ,Brain Heart Infusion ,SNPs ,Short Communications ,QH426 Genetics ,Pathogens and Epidemiology ,Serogroup ,Serovar 8 reference genome ,American Type Culture Collection ,Genetic variation ,Animals ,QH426 ,Gene ,Illumina dye sequencing ,Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics ,Whole genome sequencing ,0604 Genetics ,ATCC, American Type Culture Collection ,Genetic Variation ,DAS ,Bacteriology ,BHI, Brain Heart Infusion ,SNPs. Abbreviations: AA ,biology.organism_classification ,Host Pathogen Interactie & Diagnostiek ,SNPs. Abbreviations: AA, amino acid ,QR ,Bacteriologie, Host Pathogen Interactie & Diagnostiek ,570 Life sciences ,Genome, Bacterial - Abstract
This work was supported by a Longer and Larger (LoLa) grant from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant numbers BB/G020744/1, BB/G019177/1, BB/G019274/1, BB/G018553/1, BB/S002103/1, and BB/S005897/1), the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, and Zoetis (formerly Pfizer Animal Health) awarded to the Bacterial Respiratory Diseases of Pigs-1 Technology (BRaDP1T) consortium. Funding for LL provided by the ‘National Natural Science Foundation of China’ (No.31520103917). MTGH and DH were supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 098051). We report here the complete genome sequence of the widely studied Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 reference strain 405, generated using the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS II platform. Furthermore, we compared draft sequences generated by Illumina sequencing of six stocks of this strain, including the same original stock used to generate the PacBio sequence, held in different countries and found little genetic variation, with only three SNPs identified, all within the degS gene. However, sequences of two small plasmids, pARD3079 and p405tetH, detected by Illumina sequencing of the draft genomes were not identified in the PacBio sequence of the reference strain. Publisher PDF
- Published
- 2021
128. Distribution of
- Author
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Sonia, Lacouture and Marcelo, Gottschalk
- Subjects
Swine Diseases ,Haemophilus parasuis ,Actinobacillus Infections ,Swine ,Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ,Quebec ,Animals ,Serogroup ,Features - Published
- 2020
129. Coinfections and their molecular consequences in the porcine respiratory tract
- Author
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Catherine Belloc, Christelle Fablet, Gaëlle Simon, Juliette Bougon, Carl A. Gagnon, Artur Summerfield, Céline Deblanc, Marcelo Gottschalk, Gaël Auray, Mily Leblanc-Maridor, Corinne Marois-Créhan, Georges Saade, François Meurens, Jianzhong Zhu, Nicolas Bertho, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institute of Virology and Immunology [Mittelhäusern] (IVI), University of Bern, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Yangzhou University, Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, and École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Swine ,viruses ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Respiratory Tract Diseases ,Sus scrofa ,030106 microbiology ,Review ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Animals ,Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ,Swine Diseases ,Bordetella bronchiseptica ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,630 Agriculture ,Coinfection ,virus diseases ,biology.organism_classification ,Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,3. Good health ,Porcine circovirus ,030104 developmental biology ,Superinfection ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,lcsh:SF600-1100 - Abstract
Understudied, coinfections are more frequent in pig farms than single infections. In pigs, the term “Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex” (PRDC) is often used to describe coinfections involving viruses such as swine Influenza A Virus (swIAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and Porcine CircoVirus type 2 (PCV2) as well as bacteria likeActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaeandBordetella bronchiseptica. The clinical outcome of the various coinfection or superinfection situations is usually assessed in the studies while in most of cases there is no clear elucidation of the fine mechanisms shaping the complex interactions occurring between microorganisms. In this comprehensive review, we aimed at identifying the studies dealing with coinfections or superinfections in the pig respiratory tract and at presenting the interactions between pathogens and, when possible, the mechanisms controlling them. Coinfections and superinfections involving viruses and bacteria were considered while research articles including protozoan and fungi were excluded. We discuss the main limitations complicating the interpretation of coinfection/superinfection studies, and the high potential perspectives in this fascinating research field, which is expecting to gain more and more interest in the next years for the obvious benefit of animal health.
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- 2020
130. Capsular polysaccharide switching in Streptococcus suis modulates host cell interactions and virulence
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Makoto Osaki, Daisuke Takamatsu, Fumito Maruyama, Masatoshi Okura, Mikihiko Kawai, Mariela Segura, Jean-Philippe Auger, Marie-Rose Van Calsteren, Tomoyuki Shibahara, Marcelo Gottschalk, and Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Serotype ,Male ,Streptococcus suis ,Phagocytosis ,Science ,030106 microbiology ,Mutant ,Virulence ,Pathogenesis ,Biology ,Polysaccharide ,Serogroup ,Microbiology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,Animals ,Gene ,Bacterial Capsules ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,Strain (chemistry) ,Macrophages ,Epithelial Cells ,Dendritic Cells ,biology.organism_classification ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Mutation ,Medicine ,Female - Abstract
The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Streptococcus suis defines various serotypes based on its composition and structure. Though serotype switching has been suggested to occur between S. suis strains, its impact on pathogenicity and virulence remains unknown. Herein, we experimentally generated S. suis serotype-switched mutants from a serotype 2 strain that express the serotype 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, or 14 CPS. The effects of serotype switching were then investigated with regards to classical properties conferred by presence of the serotype 2 CPS, including adhesion to/invasion of epithelial cells, resistance to phagocytosis by macrophages, killing by whole blood, dendritic cell-derived pro-inflammatory mediator production and virulence using mouse and porcine infection models. Results demonstrated that these properties on host cell interactions were differentially modulated depending on the switched serotypes, although some different mutations other than loci of CPS-related genes were found in each the serotype-switched mutant. Among the serotype-switched mutants, the mutant expressing the serotype 8 CPS was hyper-virulent, whereas mutants expressing the serotype 3 or 4 CPSs had reduced virulence. By contrast, switching to serotype 7, 9, or 14 CPSs had little to no effect. These findings suggest that serotype switching can drastically alter S. suis virulence and host cell interactions.
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- 2020
131. Capsular polysaccharide switching in Streptococcus suis modulates host cell interactions and virulence
- Author
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Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins, Tomoyuki Shibahara, Jean-Philippe Auger, Fumito Maruyama, Mikihiko Kawai, Mariela Segura, Masatoshi Okura, Makoto Osaki, Marcelo Gottschalk, Marie-Rose Van Calsteren, and Daisuke Takamatsu
- Subjects
Serotype ,0303 health sciences ,Streptococcus suis serotype 2 ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Phagocytosis ,Mutant ,Streptococcus suis ,Virulence ,Human pathogen ,biology.organism_classification ,Phenotype ,3. Good health ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains can cause severe infections in both swine and humans. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of S. suis defines various serotypes based on its composition and structure. Though serotype switching from serotype 2 has been suggested to occur between S. suis strains, its impact on pathogenicity and virulence remains unknown. Herein, we experimentally generated S. suis serotype-switched mutants from a serotype 2 strain (SS2) that express the serotype 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, or 14 CPS (SS2to3, SS2to4, SS2to7, SS2to8, SS2to9, and SS2to14, respectively). The effects of serotype switching were then investigated with regards to classical properties conferred by presence of the serotype 2 CPS, including adhesion to/invasion of porcine tracheal epithelial cells, resistance to phagocytosis by murine macrophages, killing by murine and porcine whole blood, and dendritic cell-derived pro-inflammatory mediator production. Results demonstrated that these properties on host cell interactions were differentially modulated depending on the switched serotypes. Using a mouse model of systemic infection, SS2to8 was demonstrated to be hyper-virulent, with animals rapidly succumbing to septic shock, whereas SS2to3 and SS2to4 were less virulent than SS2 because of a reduced systemic inflammatory host response. By contrast, switching to serotype 7, 9, or 14 CPSs had little to no effect. Finally, development of clinical signs in a porcine model of infection was only observed following infection with SS2, SS2to7, and SS2to8. Taken together, these findings suggest that serotype switching can differentially modulate S. suis host cell interactions and virulence depending on the CPS type expressed.ImportanceStreptococcus suis serotype 2 is the most frequently type associated with swine and zoonotic infections. While the serotype 2 CPS is required for virulence and pathogenesis, little information is available regarding that of other serotypes and how differences in serotype can directly affect host cell interactions and virulence. Herein, we constructed serotype-switched mutants from a serotype 2 strain and demonstrated that serotype switching can shift and modulate the S. suis host cell interactions and virulence in vivo. Among the serotype-switched mutants, the mutant expressing the serotype 8 CPS, whose composition and structure are identical to that of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F, was hyper-virulent, whereas mutants expressing the serotype 3 or 4 CPSs had reduced virulence. These results demonstrate that serotype switching can drastically alter S. suis phenotype. Consequently, further importance and attention should be given to the phenomenon of serotype switching and the possible emergence of hyper-virulent isolates.
- Published
- 2020
132. Comparative Study of Immunogenic Properties of Purified Capsular Polysaccharides from Streptococcus suis Serotypes 3, 7, 8, and 9: the Serotype 3 Polysaccharide Induces an Opsonizing IgG Response
- Author
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Mariela Segura, Marcelo Gottschalk, Evgeny Vinogradov, Dominic Dolbec, Jean-Philippe Auger, Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins, Daisuke Takamatsu, Masatoshi Okura, Marie-Rose Van Calsteren, and Palmer, Guy H.
- Subjects
Serotype ,0303 health sciences ,Streptococcus suis ,030306 microbiology ,Secondary infection ,Immunogenicity ,Immunology ,serotype 3 ,immunogenicity ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,capsular polysaccharide ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,TLR2 ,Infectious Diseases ,Immune system ,biology.protein ,Parasitology ,Titermax ,Antibody ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an encapsulated bacterium and one of the most important swine pathogens and a zoonotic agent for which no effective vaccine exists. Bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are poorly immunogenic, but anti-CPS antibodies are essential to the host defense against encapsulated bacteria. In addition to the previously known serotypes 2 and 14, which are nonimmunogenic, we have recently purified and described the CPS structures for serotypes 1, 1/2, 3, 7, 8, and 9. Here, we aimed to elucidate how these new structurally diverse CPSs interact with the immune system to generate anti-CPS antibody responses. CPS-stimulated dendritic cells produced significant levels of C–C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), partially via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)- and myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent pathways, and CCL2, via TLR-independent mechanisms. Mice immunized with purified serotype 3 CPS adjuvanted with TiterMax Gold produced an opsonizing IgG response, whereas other CPSs or adjuvants were negative. Mice hyperimmunized with heat-killed S. suis serotypes 3 and 9 both produced anti-CPS type 1 IgGs, whereas serotypes 7 and 8 remained negative. Also, mice infected with sublethal doses of S. suis serotype 3 produced primary anti-CPS IgM and IgG responses, of which only IgM were boosted after a secondary infection. In contrast, mice sublethally infected with S. suis serotype 9 produced weak anti-CPS IgM and IgG responses following a secondary infection. This study provides important information on the divergent evolution of CPS serotypes with highly different structural and/or biochemical properties within S. suis and their interaction with the immune system.
- Published
- 2020
133. Population structure, genetic diversity and pathotypes of Streptococcus suis isolated during the last 13 years from diseased pigs in Switzerland
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Sophie Peterhans, Fenja Rademacher, Marc J. A. Stevens, G. Rosato, Simone Scherrer, Marcelo Gottschalk, Roger Stephan, Jacques Schrenzel, and Nathalie Spoerry Serrano
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0301 basic medicine ,Serotype ,Streptococcus suis ,Clonal complex ,Swine ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Sus scrofa ,030106 microbiology ,Virulence ,Virulence potential ,medicine.disease_cause ,Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary ,Microbiology ,Virulence/genetics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Switzerland/epidemiology ,Streptococcal Infections ,Streptococcus suis/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Animals ,MCG groups ,Genetic variability ,Swine Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology ,Pathogen ,Swine Diseases ,ddc:616 ,Capsular type ,Genetic diversity ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Streptococcus ,Multilocus Sequence Typing/veterinary ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Multilocus sequence typing ,Invasive disease-associated ,Switzerland ,Multilocus Sequence Typing ,Research Article ,MLST - Abstract
Streptococcus (S.) suis is a globally important swine pathogen, which comprises certain zoonotic serotypes. In this study, a detailed characterization of 88 porcine S. suis isolates was performed by analyzing capsular (cps) types, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and investigation of the minimum core genome (MCG). In order to focus on the virulence potential of presumable invasive disease-associated S. suis isolates, virulence-associated gene profiles were assessed followed by screening a chosen subset of S. suis strains with a molecular pathotyping tool. Results showed a high genetic variability within this strain collection. In total, seventeen cps types were identified with a predominance of cps type 9 (15.9%) and 6 (14.8%). MLST revealed 48 sequence types (STs) including 41 novel ones. The population structure of S. suis was heterogenous and isolates belonged to eight different clonal complexes (CCs) including CC28 (9.1%), CC1109 (8%), CC13/149 (6.8%), CC1237 (5.7%), CC1 (3.4%), CC17 (3.4%), CC87 (2.3%), and CC1112 (1.1%), whereas a significant portion of isolates (60.2%) could not be assigned to any described CCs. Virulence-associated markers, namely extracellular protein factor (epf), muramidase-released protein (mrp), and suilysin (sly), showed a link with STs rather than with cps types. With this study an expanded knowledge about the population structure and the genetic diversity of S. suis could be achieved, which helps to contribute to an optimal public health surveillance system by promoting a focus on strains with an increased virulence and zoonotic potential.
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- 2020
134. Genome reduction is associated with bacterial pathogenicity across different scales of temporal and ecological divergence
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Alexander W. Tucker, Catrin T. Lloyd, Lucy A. Weinert, John J. Welch, Marcelo Gottschalk, Michael J. Casey, Jane Charlesworth, Eric L. Miller, and Gemma G. R. Murray
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Genetics ,biology ,Symbiosis ,Streptococcus suis ,Disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene ,Genome ,Genome size ,GC-content ,Bacteria - Abstract
Emerging bacterial pathogens threaten global health and food security, and so it is important to ask whether these transitions to pathogenicity have any common features. We present a systematic study of the claim that pathogenicity is associated with genome reduction and gene loss. We compare broad-scale patterns across all bacteria, with detailed analyses of Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic pathogen of pigs, which has undergone multiple transitions between disease and carriage forms. We find that pathogenicity is consistently associated with reduced genome size across three scales of divergence (between species within genera, and between and within genetic clusters of S. suis). While genome reduction is most often associated with bacterial endosymbionts, other correlates of symbiosis (reduced metabolic capacity, GC content, and the expansion of non-coding elements) are not found consistently in pathogens, and genome reduction in pathogens cannot be attributed to changes in intracellularity or host restriction. Together, our results indicate that genome reduction is a predictive marker of pathogenicity in bacteria, and that the causes and consequences of genome reduction in pathogens are sometimes distinct from those in endosymbionts.
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- 2020
135. Resolution of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 1/2 versus 2 and 1 versus 14 by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Method
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Bronislav Šimek, Monika Zouharova, Jan Matiasovic, Marcelo Gottschalk, Natalie Kralova, Katarína Matiašková, Katerina Nedbalcova, and Ivana Kucharovicova
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,030106 microbiology ,Locus (genetics) ,Serogroup ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Clinical Veterinary Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Human health ,Streptococcal Infections ,Animals ,Serotyping ,Gene ,Pathogen ,Genetics ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Restriction enzyme ,030104 developmental biology ,Restriction fragment length polymorphism ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs but is also transmissible to humans, with potentially fatal consequences. Among 29 serotypes currently recognized, some are clinically and epidemiologically more important than others. This is particularly true for serotypes 2 and 14, which have a large impact on pig production and also on human health. Conventional PCR-based serotyping cannot distinguish between serotype 1/2 and serotype 2 or between serotype 1 and serotype 14. Although serotype 1/2 and serotype 2 have a very similar cps locus, they differ in a single-nucleotide substitution at nucleotide position 483 of the cpsK gene. Similarly, serotypes 1 and 14 have a very similar cps locus but also differ in the same nucleotide substitution of the cpsK gene. Fortunately, this cpsK 483G→C/T substitution can be detected by BstNI restriction endonuclease. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) detection method amplifying a fragment of the cpsK gene digested by BstNI restriction endonuclease was developed and tested in reference strains of these serotypes and also in field isolates.
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- 2020
136. Comparative Study of Immunogenic Properties of Purified Capsular Polysaccharides from
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Guillaume, Goyette-Desjardins, Jean-Philippe, Auger, Dominic, Dolbec, Evgeny, Vinogradov, Masatoshi, Okura, Daisuke, Takamatsu, Marie-Rose, Van Calsteren, Marcelo, Gottschalk, and Mariela, Segura
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Antigens, Bacterial ,Streptococcus suis ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,Dendritic Cells ,Serogroup ,Toll-Like Receptor 2 ,Mice ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Immunoglobulin M ,Immunoglobulin G ,Streptococcal Infections ,Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ,Animals ,Immunization ,Chemokines ,Bacterial Capsules - Published
- 2020
137. Canada: Isolation of
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Marcelo, Gottschalk, Sonia, Lacouture, Gilles, Fecteau, André, Desrochers, Anaïs, Boa, Matthew E, Saab, and Masatoshi, Okura
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Canada ,Streptococcus suis ,Streptococcal Infections ,Animals ,Streptococcus ,Ruminants ,Features - Published
- 2020
138. Rapid high resolution melting assay to differentiate Streptococcus suis serotypes 2, 1/2, 1, and 14
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Fenja Rademacher, Roger Stephan, Patricia Landolt, Nathalie Spoerry Serrano, Simone Scherrer, Jacques Schrenzel, Marcelo Gottschalk, University of Zurich, and Scherrer, Simone
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Serotype ,Polysaccharide synthesis ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,differentiation serotypes 2 ,610 Medicine & health ,Biology ,Serogroup ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Microbiology ,High Resolution Melt ,lcsh:Microbiology ,1/2 ,Streptococcal Infections ,Gene cluster ,Differentiation serotypes 2 ,Animals ,Humans ,High resolution melting ,Serotyping ,Bacterial Capsules ,10082 Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene ,ddc:616 ,Swine Diseases ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,2404 Microbiology ,Original Articles ,biology.organism_classification ,high resolution melting ,Molecular Typing ,1 and 14 ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Original Article ,Genome, Bacterial ,Streptococcus suis serotype - Abstract
This rapid high resolution melting (HRM) assay allows distinguishing between Streptococcus suis serotype pairs 2 and 1/2 as well as 1 and 14, respectively, based on a single‐nucleotide polymorphism within capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene cluster K. This assay is easy to implement and identifies potential zoonotic serotypes., The designed high resolution melting assay allows to correctly differentiate Streptococcus suis serotype pair 2 and 1/2 or 1 and 14, respectively. The assay is based on a single‐nucleotide polymorphism within the capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene cluster K and enables a rapid identification of potential zoonotic serotypes.
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- 2020
139. Inflammatory Monocytes and Neutrophils Regulate Streptococcus suis-Induced Systemic Inflammation and Disease but Are Not Critical for the Development of Central Nervous System Disease in a Mouse Model of Infection
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Marcelo Gottschalk, Jean-Philippe Auger, Serge Rivest, Mariela Segura, and Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
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0301 basic medicine ,Streptococcus suis ,Neutrophils ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,Systemic inflammation ,Microbiology ,Sudden death ,Monocytes ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,sepsis ,Sepsis ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Streptococcal Infections ,medicine ,Animals ,Host Response and Inflammation ,biology ,Septic shock ,meningitis ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,medicine.symptom ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. These pathologies are a consequence of elevated bacterial replication leading to exacerbated and uncontrolled inflammation, a hallmark of the S. suis systemic and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Monocytes and neutrophils are immune cells involved in various functions, including proinflammatory mediator production., Streptococcus suis is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. These pathologies are a consequence of elevated bacterial replication leading to exacerbated and uncontrolled inflammation, a hallmark of the S. suis systemic and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Monocytes and neutrophils are immune cells involved in various functions, including proinflammatory mediator production. Moreover, monocytes are composed of two main subsets: shorter-lived inflammatory monocytes and longer-lived patrolling monocytes. However, regardless of their presence in blood and the fact that S. suis-induced meningitis is characterized by infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils into the CNS, their role during the S. suis systemic and CNS diseases remains unknown. Consequently, we hypothesized that monocytes and neutrophils participate in S. suis infection via bacterial clearance and inflammation. Results demonstrated that inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils regulate S. suis-induced systemic disease via their role in inflammation required for bacterial burden control. In the CNS, inflammatory monocytes contributed to exacerbation of S. suis-induced local inflammation, while neutrophils participated in bacterial burden control. However, development of clinical CNS disease was independent of both cell types, indicating that resident immune cells are mostly responsible for S. suis-induced CNS inflammation and clinical disease and that inflammatory monocyte and neutrophil infiltration is a consequence of the induced inflammation. In contrast, the implication of patrolling monocytes was minimal throughout the S. suis infection. Consequently, this study demonstrates that while inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils modulate S. suis-induced systemic inflammation and disease, they are not critical for CNS disease development.
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- 2020
140. A Case-Control Study to Investigate the Serotypes of S. suis Isolates by Multiplex PCR in Nursery Pigs in Ontario, Canada
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Emily Arndt, Abdolvahab Farzan, Zvonimir Poljak, Robert M. Friendship, Marcelo Gottschalk, and Leann C Denich
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,Streptococcus suis ,030106 microbiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Spleen ,Biology ,Article ,law.invention ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,law ,Multiplex polymerase chain reaction ,medicine ,systemic and non-systemic sites ,streptococcus suis ,Immunology and Allergy ,Respiratory system ,Molecular Biology ,Polymerase chain reaction ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,lcsh:R ,Case-control study ,swine ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,serotypes ,Tonsil - Abstract
Streptococcus suis naturally inhabits the tonsils and nasal cavities of pigs. Some strains can cause systemic infection, leading to a wide range of diseases. A case-control study was conducted to (i) examine serotypes isolated from systemic sites (blood/meninges/spleen) in cases, (ii) determine whether serotypes in systemic sites were found in upper respiratory sites (tonsil/nasal cavity) of the same cases, and (iii) determine the serotypes in upper respiratory sites of case and farm and pen- matched controls. In total, 606 samples from 128 pigs were cultured for S. suis. The isolates were examined for presence of gdh and recN genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were identified as S. suis if both genes were present. The S. suis isolates were then serotyped using a two step-multiplex PCR. Serotypes 9 (n = 9), (2,1/2) (n = 7) and untypable isolates (n = 7) were most commonly found in systemic sites. Detection of serotypes 9 (p = 0.03) in upper respiratory sites were positively associated with their detection in systemic sites of cases, while a trend was seen with serotype (2,1/2) (p = 0.07). Last, no association between serotypes recovered from upper respiratory sites of cases and controls could be detected. Untypable isolates were detected in high frequency, which warrants further investigation. This study confirms that a variety of serotypes can be found in commercial swine production and shows a difference in serotypes recovered from systemic sites in pigs with clinical signs of S. suis infections.
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- 2020
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141. Update on streptococcus suis research and prevention in the era of antimicrobial restriction: 4th international workshop on s. suis
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Mark O’Dea, Peter Valentin-Weigand, Astrid de Greeff, Masatoshi Okura, Jerry M. Wells, Lucy A. Weinert, Anusak Kerdsin, Constance Schultsz, Susan L. Brockmeier, Mariela Segura, Marcelo Gottschalk, Virginia Aragon, Mariette Saléry, Connie J. Gebhart, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal [UAB, Spain] (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)-Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, University of Minnesota [MN, USA], Wageningen BioVeterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Kasetsart University - KU (THAILAND), Kasetsart University (KU), Murdoch University, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), Anses ANMV (Anses ANMV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Amsterdam Institute for Global Health & Development [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation (TiHo), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Producció Animal, Sanitat Animal, Global Health, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Global Health, Aragon, Virginia [0000-0002-3470-6015], Gebhart, Connie [0000-0002-7066-9178], Kerdsin, Anusak [0000-0003-1055-3656], O'Dea, Mark A [0000-0002-2757-7585], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,vaccins ,Streptococcus suis ,diagnosis ,Epidemiology ,Swine ,lcsh:Medicine ,diagnostic ,Disease ,veterinary drug ,antimicrobiens ,génétique ,Zoonosis ,Diagnosis ,Immunology and Allergy ,bacteria ,2. Zero hunger ,bactérie ,Public health ,Vaccines ,biology ,Antimicrobials ,streptococcus suis ,cochon ,Conference Report ,Genomics ,vaccines ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,épidémiologie ,Livestock ,epidemiology ,médecine vétérinaire ,Microbiology (medical) ,zoonose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,médicament vétérinaire ,030106 microbiology ,antimicrobials ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antibiotic resistance ,Environmental health ,medicine ,genomics ,Staff - BIS ,Host-Microbe Interactomics ,microbiologie ,Molecular Biology ,VLAG ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,microbiology ,Outbreak ,Vaccine policies ,swine ,zoonosis ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,veterinary medicine ,WIAS ,Staf - BIS ,business ,porc - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent afflicting people in close contact with infected pigs or pork meat. Sporadic cases of human infections have been reported worldwide. In addition, S. suis outbreaks emerged in Asia, making this bacterium a primary health concern in this part of the globe. In pigs, S. suis disease results in decreased performance and increased mortality, which have a significant economic impact on swine production worldwide. Facing the new regulations in preventive use of antimicrobials in livestock and lack of effective vaccines, control of S. suis infections is worrisome. Increasing and sharing of knowledge on this pathogen is of utmost importance. As such, the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the infection, antimicrobial resistance, progress on diagnosis, prevention, and control were among the topics discussed during the 4th International Workshop on Streptococcus suis (held in Montreal, Canada, June 2019). This review gathers together recent findings on this important pathogen from lectures performed by lead researchers from several countries including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Spain, Thailand, The Netherlands, UK, and USA. Finally, policies and recommendations for the manufacture, quality control, and use of inactivated autogenous vaccines are addressed to advance this important field in veterinary medicine. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2020
142. Enolase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV protein sub-unit vaccines are not protective against a lethal Streptococcus suis serotype 2 challenge in a mouse model of infection
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Marcelo Gottschalk, Audrey Dumesnil, Éric Nadeau, Daniel Grenier, Josée Harel, Jean-Philippe Auger, and Léa Martelet
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0301 basic medicine ,Serotype ,Streptococcus suis ,Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030106 microbiology ,Antibody production ,Sudden death ,Dipeptidyl peptidase ,Mouse model ,Microbiology ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Antigen ,Streptococcal Infections ,medicine ,Animals ,Pathogen ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,Protection ,Streptococcus suis serotype 2 ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Streptococcal Vaccines ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Experimental design, bias ,3. Good health ,Disease Models, Animal ,Protein Subunits ,030104 developmental biology ,Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ,Vaccines, Subunit ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Sub-unit vaccines ,Adjuvant ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen causing arthritis, meningitis and sudden death in post-weaning piglets and is also a zoonotic agent. S. suis comprises 35 different serotypes of which the serotype 2 is the most prevalent in both pigs and humans. In the absence of commercial vaccines, bacterins (mostly autogenous), are used in the field, with controversial results. In the past years, the focus has turned towards the development of sub-unit vaccine candidates. However, published results are sometimes contradictory regarding the protective effect of a same candidate. Moreover, the adjuvant used may significantly influence the protective capacity of a given antigen. This study focused on two protective candidates, the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and the enolase (SsEno). Both proteins are involved in S. suis pathogenesis, and while contradictory protection results have been obtained with SsEno in the past, no data on the protective capacity of DPPIV was available. Results Results showed that among all the field strains tested, 86 and 88% were positive for the expression of the SsEno and DPPIV proteins, respectively, suggesting that they are widely expressed by strains of different serotypes. However, no protection was obtained after two vaccine doses in a CD-1 mouse model of infection, regardless of the use of four different adjuvants. Even though no protection was obtained, significant amounts of antibodies were produced against both antigens, and this regardless of the adjuvant used. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate that S. suis DPPIV and SsEno are probably not good vaccine candidates, at least not in the conditions evaluated in this study. Further studies in the natural host (pig) should still be carried out. Moreover, this work highlights the importance of confirming results obtained by different research groups.
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- 2019
143. Streptococcus suis serotype 3 and serotype 18 capsular polysaccharides contain di-N-acetyl-bacillosamine
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Evgeny Vinogradov, Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins, Mariela Segura, Daisuke Takamatsu, Masatoshi Okura, and Marcelo Gottschalk
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0301 basic medicine ,Serotype ,Bacillosamine ,Streptococcus suis ,biology ,Organic Chemistry ,Hexosamines ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biosynthesis ,Antigen ,Polysaccharides ,Glycosyltransferase ,biology.protein ,Gene ,Polymerase - Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 3 is counted among the S. suis serotypes causing clinical disease in pigs. Yet, limited information is available on this serotype. Here we determined for the first time the chemical composition and structure of serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a major bacterial virulence factor and the antigen at the origin of S. suis classification into serotypes. Chemical and spectroscopic data gave the repeating unit sequence for serotype 3: [4)D-GlcA (β1-3)d-QuiNAc4NAc(β1-]n. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of di-N-acetyl-d-bacillosamine (QuiNAc4NAc) containing polysaccharides in Streptococci and the second time this rare diamino sugar has been observed in a Gram-positive bacterial species since its initial report. This led to the identification of homologues of UDP-QuiNAc4NAc synthesis genes in S. suis serotype 18. Thus, the repeating unit sequence for serotype 18 is: [3)d-GalNAc(α1-3)[d-Glc (β1-2)]d-GalA4OAc(β1-3)d-GalNAc(α1-3)d-QuiNAc4NAc(α1-]n. A correlation between S. suis serotypes 3 and 18 CPS sequences and genes of these serotypes' cps loci encoding putative glycosyltransferases and polymerase responsible for the biosynthesis of the repeating unit was tentatively established. Knowledge of CPS structure and composition will contribute to better dissect the role of this bacterial component in the pathogenesis of S. suis serotypes 3 and 18.
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- 2018
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144. Genotypic Comparison between
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Anusak, Kerdsin, Dan, Takeuchi, Aniroot, Nuangmek, Yukihiro, Akeda, Marcelo, Gottschalk, and Kazunori, Oishi
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multilocus sequence typing (MLST) ,Streptococcus suis ,genotype ,sequence type (ST) ,pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) ,serotype ,Article - Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen of economic significance to the swine industry. The number of infected cases is increasing in humans worldwide. In this study, we determined the prevalence and diversity of S. suis carriage in slaughterhouse pigs in Phayao province, Thailand, where an outbreak occurred in 2007. The overall S. suis carriage rate was 35.2% among slaughterhouse pigs. The prevalence rates of serotypes 2 and 14 (the major serotypes infected in humans) were 6.7% and 2.6%, respectively. In both serotypes, 70.4% of isolates of serotypes 2 and 14 revealed sequence types and pulsotypes identical to human isolates in Thailand. It is suggested that pathogenic strains of S. suis are a risk factor for occupational exposure to pigs or the consumption of raw pork products. Food safety, hygiene, and health education should be encouraged to reduce the risk group.
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- 2019
145. Tools for Molecular Epidemiology of
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Rujirat, Hatrongjit, Nahuel, Fittipaldi, Marcelo, Gottschalk, and Anusak, Kerdsin
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pathotyping ,multilocus sequence typing (MLST) ,PCR ,Streptococcus suis ,clonal complex ,Review ,minimum core genome sequence typing (MCG) - Abstract
Diseases caused by Streptococcus suis are a significant economic and welfare concern in pigs as well as in humans. Several molecular methods have been applied to investigate S. suis strain diversity and identify phylogenetic groups. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), commonly used to differentiate between S. suis strains, has been instrumental in identifying that the species is genetically highly diverse. Recent advances in whole-genome analysis have resulted in schemes permitting the classification of S. suis populations as pathogenic or non-pathogenic, or disease-associated or non-disease associated. Here, we review these and other molecular approaches that can be used for surveillance, outbreak tracking, preventative health management, effective treatment and control, as well as vaccine development, including PCR based-assays that are easy to apply in modest diagnostic settings and which allow for the rapid screening of a large number of isolates at relatively low cost, granting the identification of several major clonal complexes of the S. suis population.
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- 2019
146. Phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and cytokine activation of circulating blood neutrophils in horses with severe equine asthma and control horses
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Annouck Lavoie-Lamoureux, Johanne M. Vanderstock, Marcelo Gottschalk, Marie-Pier Lecours, Jean-Pierre Lavoie, Mariela Segura, and Daniel Jean
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Chemokine ,Streptococcus equi ,Neutrophils ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Phagocytosis ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,Horses ,RNA, Messenger ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,Interleukin ,General Medicine ,Flow Cytometry ,biology.organism_classification ,Asthma ,030104 developmental biology ,Cytokine ,Streptococcus zooepidemicus ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,Female ,Horse Diseases ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate in vitro phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of circulating blood neutrophils in horses with severe equine asthma and control horses and to determine whether circulating blood neutrophils in horses with severe equine asthma have an increase in expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 and a decrease in expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in response to bacteria. ANIMALS 6 horses with severe equine asthma and 6 control horses. PROCEDURES Circulating blood neutrophils were isolated from horses with severe equine asthma and control horses. Phagocytosis was evaluated by use of flow cytometry. Bactericidal activity of circulating blood neutrophils was assessed by use of Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus as targets, whereas the cytokine mRNA response was assessed by use of a quantitative PCR assay. RESULTS Circulating blood neutrophils from horses with severe equine asthma had significantly lower bactericidal activity toward S zooepidemicus but not toward S equi, compared with results for control horses. Phagocytosis and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINCAL RELEVANCE Impairment of bactericidal activity of circulating blood neutrophils in horses with severe equine asthma could contribute to an increased susceptibility to infections.
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- 2018
147. Genotypic diversity of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from humans in Thailand
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Dan Takeuchi, Surang Dejsirilert, Anusak Kerdsin, Marcelo Gottschalk, Yukihiro Akeda, and Kazunori Oishi
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Streptococcus suis ,030106 microbiology ,Serogroup ,Microbiology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medical microbiology ,Streptococcal Infections ,Genetic variation ,Multiplex polymerase chain reaction ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Virulence ,biology ,Genetic Variation ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Thailand ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Population Surveillance ,Multilocus sequence typing ,Female ,Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Meningitis ,Multilocus Sequence Typing - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to characterize Streptococcus suis isolates recovered from human infections regarding serotype distribution, genotypic profile, clinical manifestations, and epidemiology. A total of 668 S. suis isolates recovered from human infections in Thailand were characterized based on serotyping by multiplex PCR and co-agglutination, genotypic profiles by multilocus sequence typing, and PCR for virulence-associated genes, as well as review of medical records. Serotype 2 (94.6%) was predominant, followed by serotype 14 (4.5%), 24 (0.45%), 5 (0.3%), and 4 (0.15%). Multilocus sequence typing analyses revealed seven clonal complexes (CC): CC1 (56.43%), CC104 (31.74%), CC233/379 (5.4%), CC25 (4.5%), CC28 (0.9%), CC221/234 (0.6%), CC94 (0.15%), and two singletons. The CC1 group contained serotype 2 and 14 isolates, while CC25, 28, 104, and 233/379 consisted of serotype 2 isolates only. CC221/234 contained serotype 5 and 24 isolates, whereas the single serotype 4 isolate belonged to CC94. Two singletons contained serotype 5 (ST235) and 2 (ST236) isolates. Our data showed that ST1 isolates were more associated with meningitis than those of other STs (p
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- 2018
148. Proposal of a subtype of serovar 4, K4b:O3, of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on serological and genotypic analysis
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Michiha Kon, Marcelo Gottschalk, Kazumoto Shibuya, Fumiko Koike, Ho To, Joachim Frey, Chihiro Sasakawa, and Shinya Nagai
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Swine Diseases ,Serotype ,Antiserum ,Pleuropneumonia ,Genotype ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Swine ,Biovar ,Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ,Structural gene ,Locus (genetics) ,General Medicine ,Serogroup ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Actinobacillus Infections ,Antigen ,Animals ,Serotyping - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate an isolate of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, named 14–760, which was serologically not classifiable among the recognised serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae. It reacted with the antisera raised against serovars 3, 6, 8, 15 and 17 in the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test, and was positive in the capsular serovar 4-specific PCR (cps4B PCR) assay. The isolate contains a type II capsule locus similar to serovar 4 but with variations in the length of four intergeneric regions (modF-cpxA, cpxD-cpsA, cpsC-a 114 bp orf, and lysA-ydeN), and three gene sequences (modF, cpsC and ydeN). The main difference found between the K4 and K4b cps genes is the additional 35 AAs found in type 4b due to a 4 bp insert in cps4bC. The LPS O-Ag locus is highly similar to that of reference strains of serovars 3, 6, 8, 15, 17 and 19. Isolate 14–760 is biovar 1 and contains solely the structural genes required for toxin ApxII production (apxIICA), and the type I secretion system (apxIBD) for the export of ApxII. Antiserum against isolate 14–760 adsorbed with antigen prepared from serovars 8, 15 or 17 reference strains remained reactive with isolate 14–760, but not with antigens prepared from serovars 1–18. Taken together, our results indicate the existence of a subtype of A. pleuropneumoniae, serovar 4, that we called “K4b:O3″, and we propose isolate 14–760 as the reference strain.
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- 2021
149. Development of a multiplex PCR for identification of β-hemolytic streptococci relevant to human infections and serotype distribution of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae in Thailand
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Rujirat Hatrongjit, Marcelo Gottschalk, Anusak Kerdsin, Shigeyuki Hamada, and Yukihiro Akeda
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Serotype ,Intergenic spacer ,030106 microbiology ,Biology ,Serogroup ,medicine.disease_cause ,Streptococcus agalactiae ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Streptococcal Infections ,Multiplex polymerase chain reaction ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ,Sheep ,Streptococcus ,Cell Biology ,Thailand ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Streptococcus pyogenes ,Streptococcus anginosus ,Streptococcus dysgalactiae ,Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction - Abstract
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was developed for simultaneous detection (single reaction) of genes specific to five frequent clinically relevant β-hemolytic streptococcal species: Streptococcus pyogenes (Spy1258), Streptococcus agalactiae (cfb and cpn60), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (16S-23S intergenic spacer) , S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (esaA and sorD), and Streptococcus anginosus group (moaC). No cross-reaction was observed with other bacterial species. This test was validated and successfully used with 725 clinical isolates involved in pathological conditions in Thailand and collected between March 2014 and December 2015. Results showed that S. agalactiae, mainly serotype III, was the most common Streptococcus isolated from invasive diseases. This assay should be useful for laboratory identification and surveillance of human infections by these species.
- Published
- 2017
150. Study of the relationship between untypable and typable isolates of Streptococcus suis recovered from clinically ill and healthy nursery pigs
- Author
-
Nicole Ricker, Zvonimir Poljak, Robert M. Friendship, Abdolvahab Farzan, Emily Arndt, Marcelo Gottschalk, and Leann C Denich
- Subjects
Serotype ,Veterinary medicine ,Farms ,Livestock ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,Severe disease ,Biology ,Serogroup ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Streptococcal Infections ,Animals ,Typing ,Serotyping ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,Swine Diseases ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,030306 microbiology ,Gene tree ,Genetic Variation ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Maximum likelihood tree - Abstract
Streptococcus suis naturally colonizes the upper respiratory tract of pigs and can lead to severe disease conditions. Although there are several serotypes associated with disease, untypable isolates have also been observed. The objective of this study was to investigate the relatedness of untypable S. suis isolates detected in clinical cases and healthy pigs in Ontario, Canada, and their relation to typing serotypes. One hundred fifty-six isolates obtained from 33 cases and 26 farm-and-pen-matched control pigs were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq sequencing. Protein sequences of the capsular polysaccharide genes (cps) were identified and analyzed using a maximum likelihood tree. Among the 27 untypable isolates, 3 were from systemic sites of cases and 13 and 11 were from upper respiratory sites of cases and controls, respectively. One hundred fifty-six isolates were grouped into 17 distinct groups based on the cps gene tree. Isolates from these 17 distinct individual cps groups were distributed among a minimum of one farm and maximum of eight farms. Untypable isolates were detected in 12 of those groups and each cps group had untypable isolates present amongst multiple farms. Interestingly, the three systemic untypable isolates not only coexisted with other serotypes found in the same location of the same pigs but were also found among different cps groups. These isolates are of interest and warrant further investigation. Overall, a wide diversity of S. suis among untypable isolates was observed in this study.
- Published
- 2021
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