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A highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of 4-alkyl(aryl)-6-aryl-3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridinones and their 2-imino isosteres via a one-pot multicomponent reaction of 3,4-dimethoxyacetophenone, malonitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate, an aldehyde and ammonium acetate in the presence of K2CO3 is achieved in good yields.

A highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of 2-iminochromenes via condensation of o-hydroxybenzaldehydes and malononitrile using a catalytic amount of mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 in good yields is achieved.

New convenient conditions for the Friedländer synthesis of quinolines are described. Quinolines were readily prepared in the presence of heteropolyacids as heterogeneous and recyclable catalysts in good yields.

1,8-Dioxo-octahydroxanthenes have been synthesized good yields via a reaction of aldehydes and dimedone in the presence of cellulose sulfonic acid as a heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free condition.

Keggin type of heteropolyacids as green reusable and efficient catalyst was used in the synthesis of benzoyl hydrazones from reaction of benzoic acid hydrazide and aldehyde and ketone derivatives. The synthesis of N-acetyl and N-benzoyl derivatives has also been performed by the reaction of obtained benzoyl hydrazones with acylcholorides in presence of this kind of heteropolyacids.

Sodium selenate efficiently catalyzes the three-component Biginelli reaction of an aldehyde, a,β-keto ester and urea or thiourea under solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones or –thiones in excellent yields.

In the last 10 to 15 years, the healthcare industry has clearly shifted its focus from implementing financial information systems to clinical information systems in order to improve outcomes, reduce medication errors, increase healthcare efficiency, and eliminate unnecessary costs. This paper describes the experience of one of the leading health organization in Saudi Arabia in implementing a Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) solution to meet patient safety measures. The realized benefits gained from the CPOE implementation are explained and the lessons learned are discussed. The paper also explains the main Critical Success Factors (CSF) used to increase the likelihood of project success.

The catalytic oxidation of thiols to the corresponding disulfides usingPreyssler’s catalyst H14[NaP5W30O110] has been studied. These highly selective oxidationsgave good yields of the target disulfides.

A novel, mixed-valent copper(I)-copper(II) complex, {[bis(ethylene-diamine)copper(II)] bis[diiodocuprate(I)]} (1), has been prepared by electrochemicaldissolution of a sacrificial copper anode in a solution of ethylenediamine (en), I2 andtetraethylammoniumperchlorate (TEAP) as supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile (AcN)and characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. The crystal structure ofthe complex 1 shows that it consists of a CuI2 polymer formed from I- ligands bridgingCu(I) ions, with a nearly square planar geometry of bivalente Cu(II) atoms chelated by twoethylenediamine ligands. The results also show that direct electrosynthesis of the complexhad high current efficiency, purity and electrolysis yield.

2-Phenylindoles were prepared by heteroannulation of 2-haloaniline derivatives and phenylacetylene under mild conditions in a one-pot reaction catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)2Cl2.

A facile, selective and high yielding bis(trimethylsilyl) chromate (BTSC) catalyzed selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones with periodic acid is reported.

A variety of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines were oxidized to their corresponding pyridines in high yields in the presence of Cu(C22H22N2O2) in refluxing acetic acid.

Synthesis of 3,1,5-benzoxadiazepines from the condensation of o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) and acyl chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of various heteropolyacids (HPAs) is reported.

Condensations of anhydrides and quinaldine derivatives are accelerated by microwave irradiation under solvent free conditions in the presence of silica gel as catalyst.

The synthetic utility of potassium dichromate in the presence of Lewis acids under solid phase conditions is described. This reagent efficiently oxidizes alcohols, acyloins, oximes and semicarbazones to their corresponding carbonyl compounds, while trimethylsilyl and tetrahydropyranyl ethers, ethylene acetals and ketals undergo oxidative deprotection to produce carbonyl compounds efficiently.

Background: Growth hormone has multiple effects on the overall form and function of growing body. Aside from these growth stimulating functions, it has marked effects on energy metabolism, it acts on fat cells to reduce the amount of stored fats, promotes protein synthesis in cells and plays a role in regulating the sugar levels in the blood. Objective: to investigate the effect of growth hormone replacement on lipid profile, insulin level, glucose and calcium level in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Method: A prospective study of 49 children; 37 boys and 12girls with a mean age(13.5±3.3)years attending the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital/ department of endocrinology with short stature proved to have an isolated growth hormone deficiency (other causes of short stature were excluded), with 20 healthy children as control were studied over a period of 11 months( from Oct. 2007 to Aug 2008). . Insulin level ,serum lipid ,blood glucose and serum calcium were estimated for control group and for those with isolated( GHD) prior to and post 11 months of growth hormone replacement therapy(GHRT) . Result: Insulin levels were ( 8.1 µIU/L) in patients with GHD and elevated significantly to( 17.4 µIU/L) after GHRT, without any unfavorable effects on blood glucose. Pre treatment lipid profile values were higher (total cholesterol T-C 4.1 mmol/L ,triglyceride TG 1.5 mmol/L ,low density lipoprotein LDL 2.5 mmol/L, very low density lipoproteins VLDL 0.7mmol/L, than the control group ( T-C 3.9, TG 1, LDL 1.8, VLDL 0.5) . Significant improvement was occurred after treatment (T-C=3.6 , TG=1.2, LDL=1.6 , VLDL=0.5); while pretreatment high density lipoproteins HDL was significantly lower (1 mmol/L) than in control (1.6) which improved significantly post treatment to (1.5) mmol/L. Significant decrement of Post-treatment serum Ca mmol/L (2) noticed as compared to controls (2.3) and to its baseline values (2.2). Significant improvement of height= -3.7 and body mass index {BMI} =-1.1 Z score to-2.9and 0, 7 respectively were noticed post- treatment. Conclusion: Several metabolic derangements are associated with (GHD) which could be managed effectively with (GHRT).

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 is shown to act as a very efficient catalyst for the one-pot, three-component synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted hexahydropyrimidines and their spiropiperidines. The catalyst is easily recovered by the use of an external magnet and reused in several reactions without any noticeable loss of activity. The products are obtained in short time and good purity upon separation of the catalyst and evaporation of the volatiles of the reaction mixture.

An efficient method for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetra substituted imidazoles using K7Na3P2W18Cu4O68 as catalyst is reported. This four-component condensation of benzil, aldehydes, amines, and ammonium acetate proceeds under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst is handling and recoverable.

Ring cleavage occurred when 1,2,4-triazino-1,2,4-triazines (3), (4) and (5) were treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid to yield N-substituted triazines (7) and (8). These confirm the given configuration assigned to the isomeric triazinotriazines. 6-Methyl-2-phenyl-7H-oxazolo [3,2-b][1,2,4]-triazin-7-one (9) underwent ring cleavage on treatment with sodium alkoxide to afford 3-alkoxy-1,2,4-triazines (10). Treatment of (9) with concentrated hydrochloric acid gave 6-methyl-2-phenacyl-1,2,4-triazin-3,5(4H)-dione (6). Under basic conditions, degradation of (9) occurred followed by ring closure of an intermediate to give 1-amino-4-phenylimidazole-2(3H)-one (11)

6-Methyl-2-phenyl-7H-Oxazolo [3,2-b] [1,2,4] triazine (1) undersent ting transformation on treatment with ammonia and primary amines to afford the corresponding imidazol [1,2-b][1,2,4] triazine (2). Treatment of (1) with hydrazine hydrate gave the corresponding 3-aryl-4H-1,2,4- triazino [4,3-b][1,2,4] triazin-8 (1H)-one (3).

A novel one pot synthesis of pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-diones, via a five-component reaction, involving, hydrazine hydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, and 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid, an appropriate aryl aldehydes and ammonium acetate catalyzed via both of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis in water, is reported.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are disorders of thyroid gland caused by an immune system defect known as autoimmunity. In autoimmunity the immune system errs in its response and targets the body's tissues and cells. To confirm the possible role of Kalaazar disease in complications of autoimmune thyroid diseases (autoimmune thyroglobulin AITG and autoimmune thyroid peroxidase AITPO in this study, 50 patients (male and female) were investigated afflicted with Kalaazar disease, their ages of (< 1-15) years. They were taking from Central Public Health Laboratory .The control group consisted of 25 healthy subjects comparable for age and sex of study groups. The detection of Leishmania donovani parasite test was done by using dipstick rK39, whereas autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITG and AITPO) tests estimated in the same patients by using immunofluorescent method (IFAT). The results indicated that patients were suffering from spleenomagaly, hepatomegaly and decreased in white blood cells and hemoglobin percents. The results of IFAT tests showed that 32 patients were evaluated to have AITD with percent 64 % (AITG and AITPO) of all the subjects enrolled in this study: 40% of the patients have AITG (20 out of 50 patients) and 24% have AITPO (12 out of 50 patients). And the percent of (AITG +AITPO) with accompanying was (11, 22%). The study showed there was a highly significant differences (p

The effect of various concentration of Rosmarinus officinalis on the total count of bacteria in minced meat stored at temperature between 4 – 6oC for periods up to 14 days is examined. The results showed that the oily extract at the concentration of 20 – 100 mg/ml and the watery extract of the concentration of 120 – 200 mg/gm have a significant effect (P

Sulphuric acid adsorbed on silica gel is a practical and useful catalyst for acetylation of varius alcohols, Phenols and amines.

Background: