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Reliability evaluation of multiprocessor systems is of great significance to the design and maintenance of these systems. As two generalizations of traditional edge connectivity, extra edge connectivity and component edge connectivity are two important parameters to evaluate the fault-tolerant capability of multiprocessor systems. Fast identifying the extra edge connectivity and the component edge connectivity of high order remains a scientific problem for many useful multiprocessor systems. In this article, we determine the $h$ -extra edge connectivity of the 3-ary $n$ -cube $Q_n^3$ for $h\in [1, \frac{3^n-1}{2}]$ . Specifically, we divide the interval $[1, \frac{3^n-1}{2}]$ into some subintervals and characterize the monotonicity of $\lambda _h(Q_n^3)$ in these subintervals and then deduce a recursive closed formula of $\lambda _h(Q_n^3)$ . Based on this formula, an efficient algorithm with complexity $O(\log _3\,N)$ is designed to determine the exact values of $h$ -extra edge connectivity of the 3-ary $n$ -cube $Q_n^3$ for $h\in [1, \frac{3^n-1}{2}]$ completely. Moreover, we also determine the $g$ -component edge connectivity of the 3-ary $n$ -cube $Q_n^3(n\geq 6$ ) for $1\leq g\leq 3^{\lceil \frac{n}{2}\rceil }$ .

Pole skipping is a recently discovered subtle effect in the thermal energy density retarded two point function at a special point in the complex $(\omega,p)$ planes. We propose that pole skipping is determined by the stress tensor contribution to many-body chaos, and the special point is at $(\omega,p)_\text{p.s.}= i \lambda^{(T)}(1,1/u_B^{(T)})$, where $\lambda^{(T)}=2\pi/\beta$ and $u_B^{(T)}$ are the stress tensor contributions to the Lyapunov exponent and the butterfly velocity respectively. While this proposal is consistent with previous studies conducted for maximally chaotic theories, where the stress tensor dominates chaos, it clarifies that one cannot use pole skipping to extract the Lyapunov exponent of a theory, which obeys $\lambda\leq \lambda^{(T)}$. On the other hand, in a large class of strongly coupled but non-maximally chaotic theories $u_B^{(T)}$ is the true butterfly velocity and we conjecture that $u_B\leq u_B^{(T)}$ is a universal bound. While it remains a challenge to explain pole skipping in a general framework, we provide a stringent test of our proposal in the large-$q$ limit of the SYK chain, where we determine $\lambda,\, u_B,$ and the energy density two point function in closed form for all values of the coupling, interpolating between the free and maximally chaotic limits. Since such an explicit expression for a thermal correlator is one of a kind, we take the opportunity to analyze many of its properties: the coupling dependence of the diffusion constant, the dispersion relations of poles, and the convergence properties of all order hydrodynamics., Comment: 39 pages, 13 figures

The second wave of COVID-19 occurred in South America in early 2021 and was mainly driven by Gamma and Lambda variants. In this study, we aimed to describe the emergence and local genomic diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant in Argentina, from its initial entry into the country until its detection ceased. Molecular surveillance was conducted on 9356 samples from Argentina between October 2020 and April 2022, and sequencing, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses were performed. Our findings revealed that the Lambda variant was first detected in Argentina in January 2021 and steadily increased in frequency until it peaked in April 2021, with continued detection throughout the year. Phylodynamic analyses showed that at least 18 introductions of the Lambda variant into the country occurred, with nine of them having evidence of onward local transmission. The spatial–-temporal reconstruction showed that Argentine clades were associated with Lambda sequences from Latin America and suggested an initial diversification in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires before spreading to other regions in Argentina. Genetic analyses of genome sequences allowed us to describe the mutational patterns of the Argentine Lambda sequences and detect the emergence of rare mutations in an immunocompromised patient. Our study highlights the importance of genomic surveillance in identifying the introduction and geographical distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant, as well as in monitoring the emergence of mutations that could be involved in the evolutionary leaps that characterize variants of concern.

Widespread applications of pesticides such as Lambda cyhalothrin to boost crops production have frequently led to contamination of the fresh water ecosystem in Nigeria. In this study, Clarias gariepinus were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Lambda-cyhalothrin pesticide. The 96 h LC50 of lambda cyhalothrin to the fish was estimated at 3.98mgl-1. Mortality of 100% and 10% were observed in fish exposed to 12.00 mg l-1 and 1.25 mg l-1 of Lambda cyhalothrin respectively as compared to no mortality recorded in the control group. Varying degrees of abnormal behaviours like air gulping, hyperactivity, erratic movement, skin discoloration and jerky movements were observed during the 96 h exposure period of the fish to Lambda compared to the control. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the values of water quality assays in control and treated group. Exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of Lambda cyhalothrin at 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mgl-1 and for 15 days at 5 days intervals that is 5, 10 and 15days led to changes in the antioxidant physiological functions in the fish in comparison to the control. The result for the oxidative biomarkers showed there was increase in the mean values of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Reduced glutathione (GR) with increase in the concentration of the toxicant when compared with the control. Also, there was significant decrease in the values of the Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) with lipid peroxidase (LPO) showing no significant difference at PClarias gariepinus. The biomarkers measured could be useful tools for monitoring effects of other pesticides on aquatic organisms. However, further studies could be done to investigate their mode of action to strike a balance between protection of aquatic biota and discharges of these pesticides and their metabolites to aquatic environments. Keywords: Impact, Antioxidant parameters, Lambda, pesticide. Title: IMPACT OF LAMDA LAMDA-CYHALOTHRIN ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PARAMETERS OF Clarias gariepinus Author: Nwamba, Helen Ogochukwu, Ogbonna Obiageli Annastesia, Anukwu John Uchenna International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences ISSN 2394-966X Vol. 10, Issue 3, May 2023 - June 2023 Page No: 15-25 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 23-May-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7962279 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/IMPACT%20OF%20LAMDA%20LAMDA-CYHALOTHRIN-23052023-9.pdf, International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences, ISSN 2394-966X, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

EM enhancement is typically a lensing-type of effect by which a wide input beam couples to spatially localized resonant modes as for example Mie plasmons, void plasmons or Mie modes at high refractive index particles. Accordingly, EM enhancement is inherently a subwavelength phenomenon. Here, we explore a different paradigm for EM enhancement that is based on EM energy being collected over large time intervals by means of an ultra-slow-light waveguide. With ab-initio simulations, we study the dynamic evolution of such EM enhancement. After more than 7000 wave periods we observe that an intensity enhancement of more than 50 can cover an area of more than 15 $\lambda_{free^{2}}$ with $\lambda_{free}$ being the free-space wavelength.

This research aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of serum kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in patients with bladder cancer (BC). One hundred samples were collected and analysed from healthy volunteers (C) and bladder cancer patients. Cancer patients were divided into two subgroups: low-grade (LG) and high-grade cancer (HG). Concentrations of FLCs, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea were measured per manufacturers’ guidelines. The concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in BC patients in comparison to the control group. Moreover, the concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in both low-grade as well as high-grade cancer in comparison to the controls. The levels of κ and λ FLCs differed between tumour grades, with patients presenting higher concentrations in high-grade compared to low-grade cancer. In the total study group, κFLC correlated with λFLC, the κ:λ ratio, CRP, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea. There was also a correlation between λFLC and κFLC, CRP, CEA, creatinine and urea. The λFLC showed a higher ability (sensitivity and PPV) to detect bladder cancer in comparison to κFLC and CEA. In addition, λFLC had a higher ability to exclude BC (specificity and NPV) than κFLC and CEA. λFLC also showed the highest accuracy in the detection of bladder cancer. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the concentrations of both κ and λ FLCs suggest their potential participation in bladder cancer development. Increased concentrations of free light chains in bladder cancer patients and the association with the tumour grade suggest that κ and λ FLC measurements may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. This is the first research that evaluates the concentration of FLCs in bladder cancer, so further studies are necessary to confirm their usefulness as tumour markers of this malignancy.

A cost-effective, conformal, polarization-insensitive, light-weight, ultrathin, and ultrawideband electromagnetic wave absorber covering the entire Ku, K, and Ka bands and the lower V band is presented in this article. The absorber consists of a single layer of inkjet printed resistive metasurface laid over a flexible paper supported by a grounded foam. A novel metasurface pattern is designed by combining a checkerboard inspired symmetrical structure around a central square patch. The notable features of the proposed absorber are its ultrathin thickness of 2.17 mm (0.09 $\boldsymbol{\lambda _l}$ at the lowest operating frequency) for achieving a fractional bandwidth of 117% with a small radar cross section and its suitability for conformal applications. It exhibits more than 90% absorptivity over a frequency range from 11.87 to 45.28 GHz for all the angles of polarization and is also angularly stable. The theoretical, simulation, circuital, and experimental analysis validates the various features exhibited by the absorber.

A nondegenerate hypersurface in a pseudo-Euclidean space $ \mathbb{E}^{n+1}_{s} $ is called to have proper mean curvature vector if its mean curvature $ \vec{H} $ satisfies $ \Delta \vec{H} = \lambda \vec{H} $ for a constant $ \lambda $. In 2013, Arvanitoyeorgos and Kaimakamis conjectured [1]: any hypersurface satisfying $ \Delta \vec{H} = \lambda \vec{H} $ in pseudo-Euclidean space $ \mathbb E_{s}^{n+1} $ has constant mean curvature. This paper will give further support evidences to this conjecture by proving that a linear Weingarten hypersurface $ M^{n}_{r} $ in $ \mathbb E^{n+1}_{s} $ satisfying $ \Delta \vec{H} = \lambda \vec{H} $ has constant mean curvature if $ M^{n}_{r} $ has diagonalizable shape operator with less than seven distinct principal curvatures.

When the covariance matrix formulation is used for multi-look polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, Wilks’ Lambda can be used for change detection between acquisitions at two time points. We briefly describe the theory for dual polarization, diagonal only data. A case study illustrates thetechnique on Sentinel-1 C-band data covering the international Frankfurt Airport. We successfully detect change including direction of change in the sense that Wilks’ Lambda shows whether radar signal increases or decreases over time.

Let $(\mbox{mod} \Lambda',\mbox{mod} \Lambda,\mbox{mod} \Lambda'')$ be a recollement of abelian categories for artin algebras $\Lambda'$, $\Lambda$ and $\Lambda''$. Under certain conditions, we present an explicit construction of gluing of (support) $\tau$-tilting modules in $\mbox{mod} \Lambda$ with respect to (support) $\tau$-tilting modules in $\mbox{mod} \Lambda'$ and $\mbox{mod} \Lambda''$ respectively; conversely, we study the construction of (support) $\tau$-tilting modules in $\mbox{mod} \Lambda'$ and $\mbox{mod} \Lambda''$ obtained from (support) $\tau$-tilting modules in $\mbox{mod} \Lambda$.

Let $E$ be a rearrangement invariant (r.i.) function space on $[0,1]$, and let $Z_E$ consist of all measurable functions $f$ on $(0,\infty)$ such that $f^*\chi_{[0,1]}\in E$ and $f^*\chi_{[1,\infty)}\in L^2$. We reveal close connections between properties of the generalized Rosenthal's space, corresponding to the space $Z_E$, and the behaviour of independent symmetrically distributed random variables in $E$. The results obtained are applied to consider the problem of the existence of isomorphisms between r.i.\ spaces on $[0,1]$ and $(0,\infty)$. Exploiting particular properties of disjoint sequences, we identify a rather wide new class of r.i.\ spaces on $[0,1]$ ``close'' to $L^\infty$, which fail to be isomorphic to r.i.\ spaces on $(0,\infty)$. In particular, this property is shared by the Lorentz spaces $\Lambda_2(\log^{-\alpha}(e/u))$, with $0, Comment: submitted

In this work, we explore wormhole geometries in a recently proposed modified gravity theory arising from a non-conservative gravitational theory, tentatively denoted action-dependent Lagrangian theories. The generalized gravitational field equation essentially depends on a background four-vector $\lambda^\mu$, that plays the role of a coupling parameter associated with the dependence of the gravitational Lagrangian upon the action, and may generically depend on the spacetime coordinates. Considering wormhole configurations, by using "Buchdahl coordinates", we find that the four-vector is given by $\lambda_{\mu}=\left(0,0,\lambda_{\theta},0\right)$, and that the spacetime geometry is severely restricted by the condition $g_{tt}g_{uu}=-1$, where $u$ is the radial coordinate. We find a plethora of specific asymptotically flat, symmetric and asymmetric, solutions with power law choices for the function $\lambda$, by generalizing the Ellis-Bronnikov solutions and the recently proposed black bounce geometries, amongst others. We show that these compact objects possess a far richer geometrical structure than their general relativistic counterparts., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, V2: version accepted for publication in PRD

Two-particle correlations are presented for K$^0_\mathrm{S}$, $\Lambda$, and $\overline\Lambda$ strange hadrons as a function of relative momentum in lead-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb$^{-1}$ and was collected using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. These correlations are sensitive to quantum statistics and to final-state interactions between the particles. The source size extracted from the K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ correlations is found to decrease from 4 to 1 fm in going from central to peripheral collisions. Strong interaction scattering parameters (i.e., scattering length and effective range) are determined from the $\Lambda$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ and $\Lambda\Lambda$ (including their charge conjugates) correlations using the Lednick$\'y$-Lyuboshitz model and are compared to theoretical and other experimental results.

ObjectivesAmyloid light chain (AL)-κ and AL-λ share common histopathologic changes; however, the potential difference in clinical manifestations, histologic findings, and clinical significance between the 2 subtypes remain unclear.MethodsIn a retrospective study, 94 kidney biopsies for AL amyloidosis were evaluated using the composite scarring injury score (CSIS) and amyloid score (AS). Results were then compared between AL-κ and AL-λ.ResultsComparing AS and CSIS between AL-κ and AL-λ, the AS was significantly higher in AL-κ than in AL-λ, with 2 components of AS (capillary wall and vascular amyloid) scoring higher in AL-κ than in AL-λ, while mesangial and interstitial ASs were similar in the 2 cohorts. In addition, the proportion of periodic acid–Schiff strong-staining amyloid in AL-κ was markedly higher than in AL-λ. There was no significant difference in CSIS and its components between the 2 subtypes of AL amyloidosis.ConclusionsOverall, AL-κ presents with higher serum creatinine and a higher AS score than AL-λ at biopsy, which may indicate a worse prognosis and be an important reference for clinical management.

In this paper, we introduce a class of meromorphic starlike function by subordination relationship and generalized $\lambda$-Hadamard product. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions and closure properties of the class. In addition, some new results of the class are given.

Insecticides are used widely to control insect pests affecting cowpea and their residues are often deposited in the soil. This may impact the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil and the plant health. This study was designed to investigate the growth response of cowpea treated with lambda-cyhalothrin and dimethoate and the insecticides influence on the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil. Three cowpea seeds were planted per polyethylene bag containing top soil, and later thinned to two plants. The insecticides were assayed singly or combined. The insecticides were applied at the pre-flowering (30th day), flowering (50th day) and at podding (70th day) stages of cowpea growth. The physico-chemical parameters of treated soils were assayed. Treated soils with lambdacyhalothrin and dimethoate and the control were slightly acidic with pH varying from 5.78 to 6.55. Soil organic matter and soil nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sodium had lowest values in untreated soil; they had highest values in soil treated with combined insecticides. Lambda-cyhalothrin and dimethoate treatments elicited diverse response from the cowpea plant. Generally, there were slight increase in the vegetative parameters, yield and pod dimensions of treated plants when compared with the control. These insecticides also increased the root nodules, root length and dry weight of cowpea at different concentrations. The combination of these insecticides had positive effect on cowpea without adverse influence on the yield and as well as the soil physicochemical properties.

We study the Choquard equation with a local perturbation \begin{equation*} -\Delta u=\lambda u+(I_\alpha\ast|u|^p)|u|^{p-2}u+\mu|u|^{q-2}u,\ x\in \mathbb{R}^{N} \end{equation*} having prescribed mass \begin{equation*} \int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|u|^2dx=a^2. \end{equation*} For a $L^2$-critical or $L^2$-supercritical perturbation $\mu|u|^{q-2}u$, we prove nonexistence, existence and symmetry of normalized ground states, by using the mountain pass lemma, the Poho\v{z}aev constraint method, the Schwartz symmetrization rearrangements and some theories of polarizations. In particular, our results cover the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev upper critical exponent case $p=(N+\alpha)/(N-2)$. Our results are a nonlocal counterpart of the results in \cite{{Li 2021-4},{Soave JFA},{Wei-Wu 2021}}.

In the present work we are concerned with the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following new Kirchhoff problem involving the p-Laplace operator: $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} - (a-b\int _{\Omega } \vert \nabla u \vert ^{p}\,dx ) \Delta _{p}u = \lambda \vert u \vert ^{q-2}u + g(x, u), & x \in \Omega , \\ u = 0, & x \in \partial \Omega , \end{cases} $$ { − ( a − b ∫ Ω | ∇ u | p d x ) Δ p u = λ | u | q − 2 u + g ( x , u ) , x ∈ Ω , u = 0 , x ∈ ∂ Ω , where $a, b > 0$ a , b > 0 , $\Delta _{p} u := \operatorname{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)$ Δ p u : = div ( | ∇ u | p − 2 ∇ u ) is the p-Laplace operator, $1 < p < N$ 1 < p < N , $p < q < p^{\ast }:=(Np)/(N-p)$ p < q < p ∗ : = ( N p ) / ( N − p ) , $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}$ Ω ⊂ R N ($N \geq 3$ N ≥ 3 ) is a bounded smooth domain. Under suitable conditions on g, we show the existence and multiplicity of solutions in the case of high perturbations (λ large enough). The novelty of our work is the appearance of new nonlocal terms which present interesting difficulties.

In this paper, the numerical results of mixed convection flow over a flat plate with the imposed heat and different angles of inclination are established by applying the finite difference method of Crank-Nicolson. We further compare these numerical results with the case of non-mixed convection flow. The velocity and temperature profiles are decreased when the different values of the Prandtl number (Pr) are increased. Meanwhile, the velocity profiles are increased, when the different values of angle of inclination (alfa) and mixed convection parameter (lambda) are increased. The mixed convection flow case (lambda=1.5) is affected by the external force, so the velocity of convection flow is higher than the non-mixed case (lambda=0).

UDC 515.12 We investigate biharmonic Ricci soliton hypersurfaces $(M^n, g,\xi, \lambda)$ whose potential field $\xi$ satisfies certain conditions. We obtain a result based on the average scalar curvature of the compact Ricci soliton hypersurface $M^n$ where $\xi$ is a general vector field. Then we prove that there are no proper biharmonic Ricci soliton hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space $E^{n+1}$ provided that the potential field $\xi$ is either a principal vector in grad $H^\perp$ or $\xi=\dfrac{{ \rm{ grad } \,} H}{|{ \rm{ grad } \,} H|}$.

Property $$(UW {\scriptstyle \Pi })$$ for a bounded linear operator $$T\in L(X)$$ on a Banach space X means that the points $$\lambda $$ of the approximate point spectrum for which $$\lambda I-T$$ is upper semi-Weyl are exactly the poles of the resolvent of T. In this paper we give some new results on this property and relate it with some other variants of Browder’s theorem, as property (gaz) and property $$(Z{\scriptstyle \Pi _a})$$ . In the last part the theory is applied to Toeplitz operators $$T_\phi $$ with symbol $$\phi $$ on Hardy spaces.

The problem to estimate expressions of the kind $$ Y\left(\lambda \right)=\underset{x\upepsilon \left[0,1\right]}{\sup}\left|\underset{0}{\overset{x}{\int }}f(t){e}^{i\lambda t} dt\right| $$ is considered. In particular, for the case f ∈ Lp[0, 1], p ∈ (1, 2], we prove the estimate $$ {\left\Vert Y\left(\lambda \right)\right\Vert}_{L_q\left(\mathbb{R}\right)}\le C{\left\Vert f\right\Vert}_{L_p} $$ for each q exceeding p', where 1/p+1/p' = 1. The same estimate is proved for the space Lq(dμ), where dμ is an arbitrary Carleson measure in the upper half-plane C+. Also, we estimate more complex expressions of the kind Υ(λ) arising in the study of asymptotical properties of the fundamental system of solutions for n-dimensional systems of the kind y'= By + A(x)y + C(x, λ)y as |λ| → ∞ in suitable sectors of the complex plane.

COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 that belongs to the Corona groups. The subgroups of the coronavirus families are α, β, γ, and δ coronavirus. On June 15, 2021, the string λ of SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated as a variant of interest via the World Health Organization. This string has a high prevalence in some parts of South American countries, but it occurred only occasionally in Brazil. This study confirms that mutations in the λ -spike protein can be destroyed the neutralizing antibodies and increase infectivity. Coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 have an evolutionary superpower called “recombination” which permits the mixing of their genomes into novel combinations. Unlike regular mutation, which precedes slowly one change at a time, recombination can produce whole changes in a coronavirus genome. Although right now, δ-variant is a concern, a mixing of λ with other variants such as δ-variant is much more of a concern compared to alone variants. There is another item: the recombination can arise within the sample after it was taken from the infected person, not while it was inside their body.

This paper establishes the existence and uniqueness, and also presents a blow-up criterion, for solutions of the quasi-geostrophic (QG) equation in a framework of Fourier type, specifically Fourier-Besov-Morey spaces. If it is assumed that the initial data $$\theta _0$$ is small and belonging to the critical Fourier-Besov-Morrey spaces $$\mathscr {F} {\mathscr {N}}_{p, \lambda , q}^{3-2 \alpha +\frac{\lambda -2}{p}}$$ , we get the global well-posedness results of the QG equation (1). Moreover, we prove that there exists a time $$T > 0$$ such that the QG equation (1) admits a unique local solution for large initial data.

We introduce and study level-planar straight-line drawings with a fixed number $\lambda$ of slopes. For proper level graphs, we give an $O(n \log^2 n / \log \log n)$-time algorithm that either finds such a drawing or determines that no such drawing exists. Moreover, we consider the partial drawing extension problem, where we seek to extend an immutable drawing of a subgraph to a drawing of the whole graph, and the simultaneous drawing problem, which asks about the existence of drawings of two graphs whose restrictions to their shared subgraph coincide. We present $O(n^{4/3} \log n)$-time and $O({\lambda} n^{10/3} \log n)$-time algorithms for these respective problems on proper level-planar graphs. We complement these positive results by showing that testing whether non-proper level graphs admit level-planar drawings with $\lambda$ slopes is $\textsf{NP}$-hard even in restricted cases., Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2019)

The deformed soliton solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger Maxwell–Bloch (NLS-MB) equations are investigated by the n-fold Darboux transformation method based on the seed function $$q=p=v=0,\,\eta =1$$ . New soliton solutions, including order-1 and order-2 types, are obtained and analyzed in detail. For the order-1 solutions, polynomial, trigonometric, and hyperbolic solutions are discussed. Especially, the analytical formulas of $$|q^{[1]}|$$ and soliton trajectories are obtained, which are involved by an arbitrary smooth function $$f(y+2\lambda t)$$ . For the order-2 solutions, besides the polynomial, trigonometric, and hyperbolic types, the mixed-type solutions are also derived and exhibited through several typical examples.

A list $\Lambda =\{\lambda_{1},\ldots,\lambda_{n}\}$ of complex numbers is said to be realizable, if it is the spectrum of an entrywise nonnegative matrix $A$. In this case, $A$ is said to be a realizing matrix. $\Lambda$ is said to be universally realizable, if it is realizable for each possible Jordan canonical form (JCF) allowed by $\Lambda$. The problem of the universal realizability of spectra is called the universal realizability problem (URP). Here, we study the centrosymmetric URP, that is, the problem of finding a nonnegative centrosymmetric matrix for each JCF allowed by a given list $\Lambda $. In particular, sufficient conditions for the centrosymmetric URP to have a solution are generated.

In the target fragmentation region of Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering, the diffractively produced hadron has small transverse momentum. If it is at order of $\Lambda_{QCD}$, it prevents to make predictions with the standard collinear factorization. However, in this case, differential cross-sections can be predicted by the factorization with fracture functions, diffractive parton distributions. If the transverse momentum is much larger than $\Lambda_{QCD}$ but much smaller than $Q$ which is the virtuality of the virtual photon, both factorizations apply. In this case, fracture functions can be factorized with collinear parton distributions and fragmentation functions. We study the factorization up to twist-3 level and obtain gauge invariant results. They will be helpful for modeling fracture functions and useful for resummation of large logarithm of the transverse momentum appearing in collinear factorization., Comment: Published version

In this paper, we demonstrate the optimal multi-modes for glucose droplet (GD) sensing depending on sample (glucose droplet) positions in a half-wavelength ( $\lambda $ /2) microstrip resonator. Using two different GD positions, i.e., an edge and a center position, in the resonator, the resonant behavior of microwave multi-modes for GD sensing was investigated. GDs with three different concentrations, i.e., 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g/ml, were tested in the present experiment. With increasing GD concentration, the ${S}_{21}$ -level of the edge-positional GD gradually was declined at all resonant modes. For a center-positional GD, the frequency not only was deviated into the high-frequency region, but its ${S}_{21}$ -level also gradually was declined for the second and fourth modes. Based on the experimental results, the resonant behavior indicated the edge-(center-) positional GD had the resolution (~0.01/gmL−1 or ~0.05 dB/gmL−1) at the second (second) and third (fourth) modes, respectively. Furthermore, we showed that the edge-positional GD sensing is more suitable when the resonator is associated with an active circuit system, and simultaneous sensing is also possible for different positions in multi-modes.

In this paper, we establish Parseval identities and surprising new inequalities for weaving frames in Hilbert spaces which involve scalar $\lambda \in {\mathcal{R}}$ λ ∈ R . With suitable choices of λ, one obtains the previous results as special cases. Our results generalize and improve the remarkable results obtained by Balan et al. and Găvruţa.

In this article, a compact co-polarized decoupled antenna for full-duplex application working at 1.71 GHz is proposed. The antenna is composed of two back-to-back air-dielectric planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) with zero edge-to-edge distance. The whole system is included in a compact volume of $0.45\lambda _{\mathrm {\mathbf {0}}} \times 0.45\lambda _{\mathbf {0}} \times 0.02\lambda _{\mathbf {0}}$ . The proposed antenna is designed based on the common mode (CM)/differential mode (DM) cancellation theory and its design guideline is illustrated in detail. Isolation maximum of 42 dB, broadside gain of 6.7 dB, and efficiency of 90% have been achieved in the proposed structure. There is a 1.9 dB gain difference between the broadside gain and the maximum gain. The proposed antenna shows its potentials in the radio frequency front-end incorporate design.

A wide axial-ratio beamwidth (ARBW) and half-power beamwidth (HPBW) circularly polarized (CP) antenna is realized by arranging two curved patch dipole pairs orthogonally in a cruciform contour that conforms with a hemispheric shell. First, two orthogonal curved dipole pairs are designed via step-by-step investigation of the evolution of traditional crossed dipoles. Then, an antenna with a wide CP working bandwidth and wide ARBWs and HPBWs is developed by enlarging the diameter of the curved arms, replacing the narrow arms with the wide patches and making these patches conformal with the shell surface; this improves the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and further reduces the antenna’s size. Finally, a prototype with reduced dimensions of $0.52\times 0.52\times0.15$ ( $\lambda _{0}^{3}$ ) is designed, fabricated, and measured. The resulting antenna exhibits a −10 dB IBW of 55.8% (1.06–1.89 GHz) and a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 70.9% (1–2.1 GHz), within which the ARBW and HPBW reach maximum values of 202°/196° and 113°/111° in the two orthogonal principal planes at 1.602 and 1.268 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, a 3 dB ARBW exceeding 100°, an HPBW exceeding 96°, and efficiency exceeding 60% are acquired within the 1.252–1.89 GHz (40.6%) target service coverage band.

Given an integer $$k\ge 3$$ and a group G of odd order, if there exists a 2-(v, k, 1)-design and if v is sufficiently large then there is such a design whose automorphism group has a subgroup isomorphic to G. Weaker results are obtained when |G| is even.

In this note we give a detailed construction of a $$\Lambda $$ -adic $$\mathfrak d$$ th Shintani lifting. We obtain a $$\Lambda $$ -adic version of Kohnen’s formula relating Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms and special values of twisted L-series. As a by-product, we derive a mild generalization of such classical formulae, and also point out a relation between Fourier coefficients of $$\Lambda $$ -adic $$\mathfrak d$$ th Shintani liftings and Stark–Heegner points.

Self-organizing nanostructure evolution through spinodal decomposition is a critical phenomenon determining the properties of many materials. Here, we study the influence of stress on the morphology of the nanostructure in binary alloys using atomistic modeling and atom probe tomography. The atomistic modeling is based on the quasi-particle approach, and it is compared to quantitative three-dimensional (3-D) atom mapping results. It is found that the magnitude of the stress and the crystallographic direction of the applied stress directly affect the development of spinodal decomposition and the nanostructure morphology. The modulated nanostructure of the binary bcc alloy system is quantified by a characteristic wavelength, $$ \lambda $$ λ . From modeling the tensile stress effect on the A-35 at. pct B system, we find that $$ \lambda _{001}< \, \lambda _{111}< \, \lambda _{101}< \, \lambda _{112}$$ λ 001 < λ 111 < λ 101 < λ 112 and the same trend are observed in the experimental measurements on an Fe-35 at. pct Cr alloy. Furthermore, the effect of applied compressive and shear stress states differs from the effect of the applied tensile stress regarding morphological anisotropy.

Reliability measure of multiprocessor systems is of great significant importance to the design and maintenance of multiprocessor systems. As a generalization of traditional edge-connectivity, extra edge-connectivity is one important parameter to evaluate the fault-tolerant capability of multiprocessor systems. Fast identifying the extra edge-connectivity of high order remains a scientific problem for many useful multiprocessor systems. In this paper, we determine the h-extra edge-connectivity of the n-dimensional augmented cube $$AQ_n$$ for $$h \in [1, 2^{n-1}]$$ . Specifically, we divide the interval $$[1, 2^{n-1}]$$ into some subintervals and obtain the monotonicity of $$\lambda _h(AQ_n)$$ in these subintervals, and then deduce a recursive formula of $$\lambda _h(AQ_n)$$ . Based on this formula, an efficient algorithm with complexity $$O(\log _2 N)$$ is designed to determine the exact values of h-extra edge-connectivity of $$AQ_n$$ for $$h \in [1, 2^{n-1}]$$ completely. Some previous results in Ma et al. (Inf Process Lett 106: 59-63, 2008) and Zhang et al. (J Parall Distrib Comput 147: 124-131, 2021) are extended.

We advocate the use of de Bruijn's universal abstraction $\lambda^\infty$ for the quantification of schematic variables in the predicative setting and we present a typed $\lambda$-calculus featuring the quantifier $\lambda^\infty$ accompanied by other practically useful constructions like explicit substitutions and expected type annotations. The calculus stands just on two notions, i.e., bound rt-reduction and parametric validity, and has the expressive power of $\lambda\rightarrow$. Thus, while not aiming at being a logical framework by itself, it does enjoy many desired invariants of logical frameworks including confluence of reduction, strong normalization, preservation of type by reduction, decidability, correctness of types and uniqueness of types up to conversion. This calculus belongs to the $\lambda\delta$ family of formal systems, which borrow some features from the pure type systems and some from the languages of the Automath tradition, but stand outside both families. In particular, the calculus includes and evolves two earlier systems of this family. Moreover, a machine-checked specification of its theory is available., Comment: 37 pages, minor revision