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This note is concerned with a fragmentary gold covered disk brooch which comes from the hill-top settlement of Rubín u Podbořan, a site with evidence of occupation from the later prehistoric to post-Roman phases. Previously published as Roman in date there are strong arguments for relating this piece to a class of early La Tène brooches or mounts normally associated with élite burials or other higher status locations.

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Zusammenfassung: Für die Landschaft am Zusammenfluss von Elbe und Moldau mit einem hier am Kreuzweg unterschiedlicher Fernwege sich konzentrierenden ausgedehnten Siedlungsgefüge konnte die Archäologie komplexe Gesellschaftsstrukturen, die Entstehung von Eliten sowie ungewöhnliche Bestattungsriten erkennen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden vor allem zwei frühlatènezeitliche Gräberfelder und eine späthallstattzeitliche Siedlung in den Katastergemeinden Hořín und Vlíněves thematisiert. Körpergräber mit eisernen Drähten auf den Schädeln der Toten weisen auf eine Kopfbedeckung hin, wie sie als 'Blätterkrone' bekannt ist. Die Bestatteten gehörten der aristokratischen Elite an und führten offenbar auch kultische Praktiken durch. Der ungewöhnliche Bestattungsritus sowie die Grabausstattungen von Hořín und Vlíněves belegen den gehobenen Status der Personen in ihren Gemeinschaften. Zwei etruskische Bronzebecken in einem der Brandgräber weisen auf die Bedeutung des Fundortes am Kreuzweg bedeutender Routen des Bernsteinhandels hin. Eine anthropomorphe Bronzetülle aus einem Ha D2-3-zeitlichen Siedlungsbefund wird als Bestandteil eines Trinkhornbeschlages gedeutet. Diese aufwendig geschmückten Trinkgefäße finden sich vor allem in den reich ausgestatteten Gräbern der Elite, dabei positioniert in der Nähe weiterer Gefäße aus Keramik und Bronze sowie beigegebener Speiseopfer. Weitere bislang nicht eindeutig interpretierbare Bronzebeschläge aus den Ha C-Ha D1-zeitlichen Kammergräbern der Bylaner und Horákover Kultur können gleichfalls als Bronzebeschläge von Trinkhörnern angesprochen werden. Ihre Entwicklung setzt sich in West- und Südböhmen in der Phase Ha D2-3/LT A fort, wobei in den reichen Ha D3/LT A-Gräbern mit zweirädrigen Wagen und Waffen kleinere Trinkhornbeschläge zu finden sind. Trinkhornbeschläge stammen äußerst selten nur aus Siedlungsbefunden und sind in solchen Fällen als Hinweise auf die Anwesenheit einer gesellschaftlichen Elite zu verstehen. Die an der Spitze des Exemplars von Hořín angebrachte Figur eines Adoranten verweist auf den Bereich der gleichfalls in breiteren Zusammenhängen erörterten Kultsymbolik. Résumé: La région située au confluent de l'Elbe et de la Vltava contient une vaste concentration de sites installés au croisement de voies d'échange à longue distance qui ont révélé la présence d'individus de haut rang appartenant à la société du Hallstatt Final et du début de La Tène. En particulier, deux nécropoles du début de La Tène et un habitat du Hallstatt Final ont livré des indices de cette présence dans les communes de Vlíněves et Hořín. Parmi les inhumations, des fils de fer retrouvés sur les crânes indiquent que ces individus portaient des couronnes en forme de couronnes de laurier, ce qui laisse penser à des membres de l'aristocratie qui apparemment remplissaient aussi une fonction religieuse. Ces coutumes funéraires inhabituelles ainsi que le mobilier provenant de Vlíněves et Hořín démontrent que certains individus occupaient une place de haut rang dans leur société. De plus une tombe à incinération contenant deux basins en bronze étrusques témoigne de l'importance du site au croisement de voies utilisées par le commerce de l'ambre. Un élément en bronze orné d'une figure anthropomorphe récupéré dans une fosse d'habitat du Hallstat D2-3 a été identifié comme faisant partie de la pointe d'une corne à boire. En général on retrouve de telles cornes à boire richement ornées dans les sépultures aristocratiques, où elles sont souvent associées à d'autres récipients en bronze et en céramique et à des offrandes d'aliments. A la lumière de cette découverte des fragments de bronze retrouvés dans les chambres funéraires des cultures de Bylany et de Horákov contenant un riche mobilier appartenant à l'élite peuvent être identifiés comme provenant de cornes à boire ; ces dernières évoluèrent au courant du Ha D2-3 et de LT A dans le sud et l'ouest de la Bohème. On y rencontre des cornes à boire plus petites associées à des tombes à char à deux roues et à des armes dans les sépultures à riche mobilier du Ha D3/LT A. La découverte d'éléments de cornes à boire est extrêmement rare dans un contexte d'habitat, ce qui suggère que des membres d'une élite y étaient présents. La pointe de la corne à boire de Hořín représente la figure d'un adorant, ce qui nous amène à considérer ce symbole et le symbolisme rituel dans une perspective plus ample. Abstract: The region at the confluence of the Elbe and Vltava rivers, with a vast settlement concentration at the crossroads of long-distance routes, has produced evidence of high-ranking individuals belonging to Late Hallstatt and Early La Tène communities. This evidence comes in particular from the parishes of Hořín and Vlíněves where two cemeteries dating to the beginning of the La Tène period and a settlement of the Late Hallstatt period were uncovered. Iron wire found on skulls in inhumation graves indicates the presence of headdresses in the shape of wreaths, suggesting that these individuals were members of the aristocratic elite who apparently also had religious functions. The unusual burial rite and grave assemblages at Hořín and Vliněves would indicate that certain individuals occupied a higher rank within their community. A cremation grave containing two Etruscan bronze basins further attests to the significance of the site, located at the junction of important amber routes. A settlement feature dated to the Ha D2-3 period produced an anthropomorphic bronze socket that was part of the tip of a drinking horn. Such richly ornamented drinking horns are generally found in the well-furnished burials of the elite, and they are often associated with other bronze and pottery vessels as well as food offerings. Bronze fittings found in the Ha C-D1 chambered graves of the Bylany and Horákov cultures, which had hitherto not been satisfactorily identified, can now be assigned to drinking horns; the latter further evolved during Ha D2-3/LT A in western and southern Bohemia. The smaller bronze drinking horn tips found there in richly furnished Ha D3/LT A burials are associated with two-wheeled chariots and weapons. Finds of such drinking horn fittings are extremely rare in settlement contexts and they suggest that members of an elite were present. The tip of the drinking vessel from Hořín features the figure of an adorant; this symbol opens perspectives on ritual symbolism which is addressed here in its wider context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The archaeological excavations carried out at Virje-Volarski breg/ Sušine in the autumn 2013 covered 300 m2 in two trenches. The trenches were carefully chosen and positioned according to the results of geophysical investigations carried out in spring 2013, with a view to obtaining precise information regarding the recognition and appearance of the elements of a smelting workshop. The archaeological investigations corroborated the existence of the remains of a smelting workshop in Trench S-7 and remains of a settlement in Trench S-8 at Sušine. In the western part of Trench S-7 we documented and excavated a part of the space used for dumping smelting waste, while in the south-eastern part there was a space with the remains of four furnaces for smelting iron ore. In the north-western part of Trench S-7 we investigated an elongated prehistoric feature from the La Tène period. Trench S-8 yielded the remains of habitation with a recognizable larger structure and an open-air fireplace next to it. Based on the abundant collected remains of pottery of coarse texture, simple rim profilations and combed waveline decoration, as well as the indicative find of a part of a bronze belt strap-end, the structure can preliminarily be dated to the early medieval period. At Sušine we investigated the remains of a smelting workshop and the remains of a settlement from the Early Middle Ages. In the investigated workshop complex a significant portion of the surface was covered by the waste dumped from the workshop. The excavations covered only a peripheral part of the workshop with the remains of furnaces that presumably extended further, beneath unexcavated ploughland. Based on the present state of research we cannot determine whether the smelting workshop at Sušine was in operation during the life of the early medieval settlement located adjacent to it, and the answer to this question will be provided by future planned interdisciplinary analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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From the Norse sagas or the Arthurian cycles, we are used to the concept that the warrior's weapon has an identity, a name. In this article I shall ask whether some prehistoric weapons also had an identity. Using case studies of La Tène swords, early Iron Age central and southern Italian spearheads and middle and late Bronze Age type Boiu and type Sauerbrunn swords, I shall argue that prehistoric weapons could indeed have an identity and that this has important implications for their biographies, suggesting that they may have been conserved as heirlooms or exchanged as prestige gifts for much longer than is generally assumed, which in turn impacts our understanding of the deposition of weapons in tombs, where they may have had a ‘guardian spirit’ function. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the settlement of Turdaş-Luncă several features belonging to the La Tène period have been discovered. After studying the archaeological materials discovered on this site, we can say that they belong to two different horizons. Features 139 and 1060 can be dated to the 5th-4th centuries BC and belong to the early phase of the Dacian civilization, while the other features can be chronologically placed between the 1st century BC-1st century AD. However, a more exact dating is also possible duet o the fruit bowl found in feature 1001, which dates from the 1st century AD. Regarding the functionality of these features, we are of the opinion that these are pits with ritual depositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In der bisherigen Forschung bestand völlige Unklarheit darüber, ab wann im nördlichen Mitteleuropa eine eigenständige Erzeugung von Eisen existierte und wie die frühe Entwicklung dieser Innovation in der Späthallstatt- und Latènezeit ausgesehen hat. Verschiedene hierfür geschaffene Modelle basierten auf einer sehr schmalen Materialbasis und konnten keine hinreichende Klärung dieser Fragen bringen. Mit einem interdisziplinär angelegten Forschungsprojekt war es nun möglich, erstmals für eine ausgewählte Region Technologie, Kapazität und Organisation der latènezeitlichen Eisenerzeugung ansatzweise zu erschließen. Für das Arbeitsgebiet desTeltow ist ab der Frühlatènezeit eine Eisenverhüttung als sicher nachgewiesen anzusehen, wobei der Stand der Entwicklung zeigt, dass die Anfänge noch weiter davor zu suchen sind. Einem aus dem Material heraus erarbeiteten Modell zufolge beruhte das System der Eisenversorgung wahrscheinlich auf der Tätigkeit mobiler Spezialisten. Abstract: Autrefois, le monde de la recherche n'avait pas de vision claire sur les débuts d'une production autonome du fer dans le Nord de l'Europe centrale ainsi que sur l'évolution précoce de cette innovation au Hallstatt final et à l'époque de La Tène. Les différents modèles utilisés à cet effet reposaient sur une très faible quantité d'objets et ne pouvaient donc répondre à ces questions de manière satisfaisante. Grâce à un projet de recherche interdisciplinaire, il fut pour la première fois possible de reconstituer partiellement les technologie, capacité et organisation de la production du fer d'une région donnée. Il est établi que des activités sidérurgiques existaient dans la région étudiée de Teltow dès La Tène ancienne, l'état de la recherche indiquant cependant que les débuts de la sidérurgie remontent encore plus loin. Le modèle développé à partir du matériel archéologique a révélé que le système d'approvisionnement en fer reposait sur la par de spécialistes itinérants. Abstract: Until now, there was no clear picture in the literature of when independent iron production began in northern Central Europe and how the innovation evolved in the Late Hallstatt and La Tène Periods. The various research models used in the past had a very narrow material basis as their foundation and were unable to adequately clarify these questions. An interdisciplinary research project has for the first time been able to answer some questions respecting the technology, capacity and organisation of La Tène iron production for a selected region. For the Teltow region, there is clear evidence of iron smelting beginning in the Early La Tène Period, although its state of development shows that it began some time earlier. According to a model constructed from the material, the system of iron supply probably relied on the work of mobile specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rescue excavations of the La Tène culture cemetery Zvonimirovo - Veliko Polje during 2011 were conducted on the central part of the elevation where 11 incineration burials (LT 83-LT 93) were found. For the first time the grave was recorded (LT 86) with burnt remains of the deceased with parts of the costume and jewellery, placed in a bowl used as an urn (Fig. 5). Also, a grave was found with burnt remains of the deceased without any findings. The graves in which men were buried contain armament, toiletries and parts of the costume, with the findings from the grave LT 89 standing out indeed (Fig. 4). The grave LT 83 (Fig. 2) contained toiletries (scissors, razor), whetstone, iron fibula of the Middle La Tène scheme and an iron axe laid next to the bones of the deceased, which is the first finding of this type on the Zvonimirovo cemetery. Particularly prominent are the graves of the lavishly furnished deceased women with an unprecedented parts of costumes and jewellery, such as perfectly preserved bracelets with five smooth ribs made of transparent glass with a yellow foil on the inside of the Series 27 or group 7a (Fig. 5) or iron needles with a zoomorphic head in grave LT 91. Provisions (viaticum), recorded in the graves of both sexes, consist of pottery and animal bones, mostly pork, whereas the poultry bones are more frequently found inside the bowls. The sets consisting of a pot and a bowl are the most frequent finds in the graves, but kantharoi and cups can be found as well. The grave LT83 (Fig. 2) stands out with a number of ceramic vessels found in it; i.e. four enclosed ceramic vessels. Based on the contributed armament and parts of women's and men's costumes, the graves are dated to the Mokronog IIb phase, and confirm the importance of the site in the study of the Late Iron Age in northern Croatia. Excavations were carried thanks to financial funding from the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports through the research project ''Development and Mobility of the protohistoric communities settled on the territory of Continental Croatia'' (197-1970685-0711) and financial aid received from the Ministry of Culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the Zagreb - Sisak highway, section Velika Gorica, South - Lekenik, rescue archaeological excavations were conducted on the site Donji Vukojevac - North. During June and July 2010, a team of archaeologists from the Institute of Archaeology explored the 1,000 m² area on which a part of the settlement from the early Iron Age - La Tène period, 2000 years old, was discovered. The area designated for the research, Donji Vukojevac crossing, on the flat part of the large terrace extended 65 m to the north and 35 m to the south of the moderate slope towards the valley of the stream Koravac. Although the width of the excavation area was limited to just 10 m, a series of working and storage pits, wooden pole cuts and foundation trenches of rectangular houses were discovered on a flat terrace. The most significant discovery was made in the southern part of the excavation area on a gentle slope of the plateau, where the palisades and fundamental part of the earthen rampart 2 m wide was discovered and excavated 34 m in length. The newly discovered settlement in Donji Vukojevac can be dated to the La Tène period; it (the earthen rampart) resembles the one discovered under the building of the Zagreb City Museum in Opatička street in Zagreb Upper Town. At that time, the area south of Turopolje was occupied by Kolapiani, with the central fortified shrine on Turska kosa near Topusko. North of Turopolje the great tribe Jazi resided, and one of their centres was Sveti Petar Ludbreški. The large La Tène fortified settlement discovered in Donji Vukojevac probably belonged to an independent Pannonian tribe Andizets, who were a part of the tribal alliance of Celtic Tauriscs . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From September to November 2011 the Institute of Archaeology conducted rescue archaeological excavation of the AN 5 Poljana Križevačka 2 site on the highway route A12 St. He lena - GP Gola. A area of 29.560 m² were explored. The site Poljana Križevačka 2 is situated several kilometres south of Križevci (Koprivnica-Križevci Region), close to the western edge of the today's settlement of Poljana Križevačka. It is a slightly raised oval ridge on the east side of the stream Glogovnica that changes to gentle hills to the east, while to the west of the site lays the Špiranečki Lug valley. During the rescue excavations of the site AN 5 Poljana Križevačka 2, the remains of the prehistoric and medieval settlement were discovered. The oldest traces of the settlement can be associated with the Copper Age Lasinja culture, but most of the finds belong to the Virovitica group settlement dating to the Late Bronze Age next to which the cemetery with incineration graves that can be associated with the settlement, was discovered. A lodging dating to the La Tène culture period from the Late Iron Age was also found, while in the southern part of the site the remains of the late medieval settlement were explored. The settlement of the Lasinja culture was located on the highest point of the ridge where large oval pithouse cuts were found as well as the cuts of small pits. Given the increasing number of lodgings in this part of the site, it can be assumed that the centre of the settlement was near the Glogovnica creek. Large explored area of the settlement reveals an interesting infrastructure which is characterized by several structures linked together into groups that may correspond to an organized family settlement. The largest number of structures belong to the settlement dating to the late Bronze Age, that is to the Virovitica group of the Urnfield culture - Br D and Ha A1 phase (13th to 12th century BC). Houses were used as the basic lodgings, of which the pole cuts remaining are arranged in rectangular bases measuring 6 x 3 or 6 x 6 m. The same type of houses was discovered during excavations on the area of Prekmurje in northeastern Slovenia (Pod Kotom) (Kerman 2011: 45 ) which are attributed to the same Virovitica group. Cuts of many pits, usually oval in shape, some of which were likely to serve as a working space, are also the part the infrastructure of the Late Bronze Age settlement. An oval pit SU 1199 was discovered with the collapsed structure of the kiln in it. Stratigraphic relations between individual burials and typological forms of pottery and bronze objects preliminarily indicate that the population of the settlement from the beginning of the Late Bronze Age can be separated at least in two phases. South of the settlement there was the Late Bronze Age cemetery from the same period with 50 incineration graves. The remains of the deceased are placed in urns, that is, in 47 graves burned remains of the deceased were placed in a pot that had the function of the urn and covered with the bowl used as a lid. In three graves the burned remains of the deceased were deposited at the bottom of the pit and covered with the bowl turned upside down. Only in case of two graves the grave pit was covered with the remains of the pyre. Very often fragments of broken pottery are laid in the grave . According to preliminary analysis of the types of burials and of ceramic forms (pots with rounded body with a tunnel-shaped handle and the bukle decoration on the widest part of the belly, the S-profiled bowls with strap handles, jugs decorated with plastic tapes with fingerprints, cups), it is possible to conclude that the graves can be dated to the Br D phase, that is to the 13th century BC. The Late Bronze Age cemetery in Poljana Križevačka 2 is the largest excavated cemetery of the Virovitica group on the area south of the Drava river so far and the only investigated in relation to the settlement from the same period. In the southern part of the site the remains of the houses measuring 4 x 12 m dating to the La Tène culture period was found. It was probably a farm or a family homestead. Fragments of ceramic pots were found which date these facilities to the late La Tene period (LtD1), that is to the period from the mid 2nd to the first half of the 1st century BC. In the south-eastern part of the site remains of the settlement from the late Middle Ages were found. Along the eastern edge of the excavation partly dug-in large structures measuring 8.5 x 17.5 m were uncovered. On the northern edge of the village ditches and pits were discovered. In the pit SU 894 vessels were found in situ, and it can be concluded that it was a storage pit. Numerous fragments of ceramic vessels, stove tiles, heaters, and fragments of iron objects can be singled out. Based on the obtained results, the settlement can be preliminary dated from the mid-13th to the 15th century. Given the preliminary results of exploration of AN 5 Poljana Križevacka 2 site, we can conclude that it is extremely important for the understanding of population of Križevci area during the Copper Age, the Late Bronze Age and Late Iron Age, as well as during the late Middle Ages, as well as for the wider infrastructural data on individual periods. The location of lowland settlement from multiple time periods on one of the natural communications that led along Glogovnica stream and connected Podravina and Posavina, testifies to the importance of this corridor in traffic throughout the millenniums, which is one of the reasons that modern highways use the same route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2011, after two years long recess, archaeological research in Nova Bukovica, on the position Sjenjak, near Slatina was continued. Although financial resources were reduced and the weather conditions were adverse, new elements of prehistoric settlements dating from the Late Bronze Age and late La Tène period were discovered. Our aim was to elaborate on the area investigated in 2007 and 2008 and to penetrate deeper into the structure of the Late Bronze Age settlement. This goal was achieved, and the new structures of the Late Bronze Age were discovered. Two large buried objects, SU 1019, 1020 and SU 1025, 1026, and a small kiln - which survived ploughing activities only thanks to the fact that it is located on the very edge of the field - stand out in particular. The newly discovered objects, as well as the most significant finds from Nova Bukovica represent a valuable complement to the knowledge about the life during the Late Bronze Age in these parts of Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article reports on a conference on the economic history of the Latène period of the European Iron Age, held in Otzenhausen, Germany, from November 28-30, 2011. Topics discussed included theories of economy and society during this era, particularly that of Austrian economist Karl Polanyi, economic archaeology research, and the trade networks of traditional societies.

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Large collection of ceramic lids (120 pieces) from the Celtic oppidum Stradonice preserved in the National Museum possibilitates their first typological and chronological analysis. Besides the preponderant domestic production singular pieces were probably made outside Bohemia. The preponderant part of the lids was made only after the middle of the first century B.C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Památky Archeologické is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses archaeological discoveries of ancient Celtic coins dating to the late La Tène period in several locations in Austria, including the town of Mallnitz, Austria, the Großglockner mountain, and at the site of an ancient Celtic settlement near Roseldorf, Austria. The author suggests that these coins indicate the existence of long-distance trade routes connecting Northern Europe and the Mediterranean region. He also offers some general remarks on Celtic numismatics and ancient currency counterfeiting.

The case study presents completely different interpretations of the same archaeological evidence. Reasons for that are not only the state of knowledge and the possibilities of research, but also the impact of changes in the socio-political climate and varying theoretical traditions. The examples are taken from the Late La Tène settlement Basel-Gasfabrik, which has been excavated for almost 100 years. The study focuses on a number of more or less complete human skeletons from sunken features inside the settlement. This phenomenon prompted the archaeologists to find explanations for this apparent exception to the ancient rule of burying the dead outside the settlements. The interpretations of this ‘abnormal’ burial practice range from victims of war to burials of the members of the élite. The discussion continues on the basis of the synopsis of all verifiable options of dealing with the dead and includes evidence from similar sites elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Památky Archeologické is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)